The oldest city in Spain. Cities in Spain - a list of the most beautiful resort towns for tourists

– city with more than 2000 summer history. lucky geographical position and picturesque nature have turned it into one of the brightest tourist spots on the map of Spain. The proximity of the Mediterranean Sea plays a paramount role in the life of the city. Alicante - largest port The new city of Spain, which in recent decades has been one step ahead of many other large settlements in the country.

– a city with character, Roman character. After all, the history of this city, located in the east of Spain, is directly connected with the Roman conquerors, who at one time managed to inherit cultural heritage here. Literally ten kilometers separate it from the largest city in Spain - Barcelona. That is why many consider Badalona just a suburb of the legendary city. The title of a major industrial center does not affect the quality of tourist services. Badalona is rich in architectural monuments of the past, and the local flavor gives the rest a touch of exoticism. The beach, which is six kilometers long, seems to be created for those who like to enjoy the sound of the sea and lie down under the scorching rays of the Spanish sun.

- a city founded by Hercules himself long before the majestic Rome appeared on the world map. As it turned out, the son of Zeus thoroughly approached the choice of a place and laying the foundation: despite the constant attacks from the Romans, Franks, Moors and similar lovers to profit at the expense of others, the city lived its own special life, absorbing all the delights of foreign cultures. Only in Barcelona could such outstanding personalities as Salvador Dali and Picasso be born. In other places, sea air and the scorching rays of the Spanish sun are simply not enough for this. The atmosphere of this city seems to breathe history. It is not surprising that every self-respecting tourist, whose feet have left traces in many parts of Spain, looks into hilly Barcelona.

Bilbao. It is hard to imagine that once this Spanish city was just a small fishing village. The favorable geographical position eventually turned Bilbao into the country's largest port. Even though the city is more industrial than tourist center, every traveler will appreciate architectural diversity bustling growing city. Particularly surprising is the local cuisine, replete with seafood delicacies. Bilbao - real paradise for gourmets and lovers of excursions!

Having been in the hands of many nations, this city has concentrated a number of cultural, historical and archaeological secrets of the past. It was in this place that the interests of the Moors and Christians often clashed. The third largest, after Barcelona and Madrid, the city is characterized by vibrant business and industrial activity. The abundance of attractions make Valencia one of the largest tourist centers in Spain. Visit Valencia - enjoy the amazing beauty of the Mediterranean Sea, taste exotic local cuisine, visit the majestic buildings of the past to the sound of the voice of an incessant guide.

Valladolid is not Big city ok Spain with a truly amazing history. It was here that court passions boiled, it was in this place that one of the main tragedies of Spain took place - the birth of a real monster, the Grand Inquisitor Thomas Torquemada. Even though this man contributed to the consolidation of Spain as a single country, he does not cease to be responsible for the burning of thousands of people. Valladolid was the capital of Spain for several centuries, but after a strong fire lost its high status. Even after the fire, this city remains one of the most beautiful corners of Spain. The successful central location obliges every tourist to visit the place where the discoverer of America, Christopher Columbus, found his death.

Vigo. This city of Spain is comfortably located in the western part of the country. Even though it does not belong to the category of ancient cities, there are many well-preserved architectural sights. Of course, fans of excursions will be somewhat disappointed: the numerous sculptures are of interest, as well as the magnificent layout of this industrial town. But those who consider themselves to be hedonists will surely be satisfied with a visit to Vigo. This is where the picturesque beaches, and many islands seem to be created for a "lazy" holiday. Children can enjoy visiting one of the largest zoos in Spain!

Vitoria is a city that is famous for one of the decisive battles of the Iberian War. It was in this place that the beginning of Spanish independence from the French invaders was laid. Many old houses are perfectly preserved here, and the abundance of greenery pleases the eye of everyone who has visited Vitoria at least once. Great restaurants, cozy cafes, amazing temples - this city does not leave indifferent any real traveler!

Sheltered by mountains, this picturesque Spanish city has long been dominated by Muslims. Thanks to this, many ancient sights have been preserved here, which are an example of the cultural traditions of the Moors. It is here that the buildings of the Middle Ages and modern buildings are successfully combined. It is recommended for tourists for whom rest is not just enjoying the sea and the sun with all the ensuing consequences, but getting to know a new and unknown world.

A city that did not submit to any conqueror. Romans, barbarians, Byzantines, etc. etc. - they all owned this city, but none of them stayed here for permanent residence. It was Cartagena that once bore the sonorous name of Carthage. Today, the city, renewed in every sense of the word, is glad to welcome everyone who does not want to capture such a tidbit of Spain. Needless to say, any tourist has something to see here.

Córdoba, a fairy tale city that once had a population of one million, is today a lovely tourist destination. The Muslims, who owned Cordoba for more than five centuries, did their best here, leaving behind many architectural monuments and other attractions. In Spain, this city is known for the ancient bridge thrown over the muddy Guadalquivir, as well as the ruins of an ancient settlement. It won't be boring here - it's checked!

La Coruna. This city of Spain will appeal, first of all, to those people who love to visit historical sites. La Coruña is known for the fact that the “Invincible Armada” once left the port of this city, which, in fact, turned out to be quite so “defeated”. It is here that the tower of Hercules himself was erected, there are several ancient monasteries and castles, as well as one of the most famous Spanish resorts. As they say, in La Coruna you can relax not only with your soul, but also with your body!

Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Many tourists associate the Canary Islands with heavenly places, visiting which is not available to everyone. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, located on one of the islands, is an example of an ideal resort destination. It is believed that this town in Spain has the best climatic conditions. Maybe that's why many people dream of living here, and Columbus himself, before the discovery of America, deigned to soak his bones on one of the island's beaches?!

Located in the very center of Spain, Madrid is its capital and by far the largest city in the country. We can say that it is here that life is in full swing and not only in the head! The abundance of museums, exhibition halls, luxurious restaurants and cafes, expensive and not so shops - all this attracts thousands of tourists with its mysterious Spanish flavor. What is one bullfight worth, which takes place here every year on Sundays throughout May! Guests of the city will also enjoy ordinary walking along its streets: the abundance of architectural monuments will not leave anyone indifferent!

A fairly large city with a population of more than half a million people, Malaga is located in southern Spain. The city in which Mr. Picasso himself was born is famous for its perfectly preserved architectural monuments of antiquity. These are the ruins of the Roman theater, which was built two millennia ago, and a number of Muslim buildings. In addition, located on the Mediterranean coast, Malaga is a beautiful resort place for lovers of "lazy" rest.

Mostoles. A place that is rightfully considered a major educational center in Spain. It is here that the prestigious University of King Juan Carlos is located. Located just twenty kilometers from the capital, the city is connected to it by a metro line. That is why many Spaniards prefer to live in a small and cozy town, daily "traveling" to a highly paid job in Madrid. Mostoles has the most neat two-story buildings, but also many architectural masterpieces of our time.

Murcia. The city, which is called the hot frying pan of the Iberian Peninsula. Because of the mountains surrounding it, unique climatic conditions are created here: unbearable heat in summer, and quite cold in winter. A significant part of the population of Murcia are students studying here. Recommended to all those tourists who are not bothered by the heat. There is actually something to see here, but you need to choose the right time to visit this Spanish town.

Oviedo. Founded by monks in the eighth century AD, the city is distinguished by the majestic architecture of the past. For the most part, these are Christian buildings - it is not for nothing that Oviedo was considered the religious capital of Christians in Spain. Numerous churches of historical value have been perfectly preserved here and are a place of storage of a number of valuable relics. It is recommended for visiting both believers in God and just connoisseurs of architectural monuments.

hospital. Only seven kilometers separate this city from Barcelona, ​​so if you don't visit Hospitalet, you will miss out on getting to know the many sights that deserve attention. The developed infrastructure of this small town in Spain allows you to feel quite comfortable here, and affordable housing prices contribute to renting apartments in Hospitalet, and not in Barcelona. Walking through the historical center of the city, you can get acquainted with a number of interesting architectural monuments.

Palma de Mallorca. Located in the exotic Balearic Islands, Palma was bound to become a major tourist destination. The abundance of ancient buildings that have been perfectly preserved to this day, as well as paradise beaches on the Mediterranean coast - all this contributes to the inexhaustible interest of tourists in Mallorca. It is here that the brightest cathedral in the Gothic style, ancient streets and, of course, numerous restaurants with gourmet cuisine are located.

Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Canary Islands, so inaccessible to many of us. They beckon with their ideal carefree life, which we will never see in the CIS. Santa Cruz de Tenerife is located on one of these islands - Tenerife. Numerous discos, bars, cafes, restaurants - what else do you need in order to feel on top of the world?! In addition to the magnificent beaches, tourists will be pleased with the carnivals held here, which are barely inferior in scale to the famous show organized in Ostap Bender's beloved city.

Like many cities in Spain, Zaragoza has over 2,000 years of history. Founded by the corrupted Romans, it went through a lot before it acquired its modern shape. Today it is one of the major Spanish cities, in which many monuments of the past are concentrated. A tourist who visits this place will not be disappointed in what he has done. A sea of ​​positive impressions is guaranteed!

Seville. Hercules himself at one time cut the red ribbon with many-pound scissors, opening this beautiful city of Spain to people. The divine origin endowed its inhabitants with a special attitude to what is happening in the world. Seville is not just another Spanish city, it is, as it were, a separate world, whose inhabitants proudly call themselves sevillanos. The Guadalquivir River divides Seville into two parts, each of which contrasts with the other. The abundance of monuments will not leave any tourist without high-quality and interesting photos.

Gijón. The northern city of Spain is famous for its port. The picturesque coastline and good climatic conditions make Gijón an attractive place for romantically minded people. The population of Gijon does not exceed 300,000 people, so there is still a chance to stay here for permanent residence before real estate prices have risen to unattainable heights. Here is the famous palace, which has rightfully become the center of international art.

Elche. This small city is guarded by a holy couple, consisting of Agafangel and the Assumption. Perhaps thanks to their attention, there is a palm grove here, which deserved the participation of UNESCO. Here, at one time, a stone horseradish was found dating back to the sixth century BC, the so-called “Lady from Elche”.

Spain is a country that is distinguished by a variety of forms of recreation. Magnificent beaches, well-developed infrastructure, quality service - what else is needed in order to take a break from the hustle and bustle and for a moment immerse yourself in the fabulous world of one of the most beautiful countries in our mortal human world?! No wonder that every year the cities of Spain are visited by all more tourists from around the world. Most people tend to come here to get acquainted with the elegant architectural monuments, hedonists are not averse to enjoying all the delights beach holiday.

The cities of Spain are distinguished by their traditions and cultural heritage, so traveling around this country you can learn a lot of new and interesting things. Do not be surprised if you want to return to Spain more than once. Spain is like a drug that captures from the first minutes and does not let go until the end of life.

We invite you on a tour of the cities of Spain. We hope that the information provided by us will be useful!

The list of cities in Spain to visit is not as well known to many as compared to other countries. Among the most beautiful Spanish cities are often called Barcelona and Valencia, where they go on a resort vacation, as well as Madrid, which, as the capital, holds the attention of travelers as main city for a complete cultural experience. But the list of beautiful and interesting cities in Spain is much richer, and we present it to you.

Madrid

The cultural, administrative and geographical center of Spain, its capital and one of the most beautiful cities in Europe and the world. Madrid attracts tourists with its architecture and cultural heritage, it is a city beautiful squares and interesting museums and developed modern infrastructure.

(photo: @sean_nelson)
Plaza del Calaio (photo: @beatrixlop)

Barcelona

The most popular city in Spain, the capital of rebellious Catalonia, the most important cultural center and one of the most visited cities in the world. The architectural face of Barcelona is shaped by the buildings of Antonio Gaudi, who made this Spanish city one of the most attractive cities in Europe. And Barcelona also gives ample opportunities for a beach holiday - how can you not fall in love here?

Debl from above Barcelona (photo: @max.ish)
Park Guell in Barcelona (photo: @fotosmentales)

Valencia

One more resort town Spain on the coast with the famous Costa Blanca and Costa del Azahar. The wide sandy Valencian beaches have repeatedly been marked with the Blue Flag - a sign High Quality and safety, which attracts a huge number of tourists here. The famous Spanish paella comes from Valencia, so you should definitely order it in local restaurants. And do not forget to visit the local ceramics museum, the oceanographic center and the beautiful Royal Gardens.

Queen's Square in Valencia (photo: @stefaniatondini)
Valencia street (photo: @isra_avilas)

Seville

If you want to experience the depth and passion of the Spanish character, head to Seville. They say that it is she who most fully reflects the whole essence of Spain with its bullfighting and temperamental flamenco and dazzling architecture. The capital of Andalusia has become a city in which the actions of a huge number of works of art, operas and literary novels unfold.

Plaza de España in Seville (photo: @giovamarr)
Seville Cathedral (photo: @filodrago)

Malaga

Malaga is the most important port and major resort on the southern coast of Spain, the birthplace of such world-famous Spaniards as Pablo Picasso and Antonio Banderas. Malaga combines ancient architecture with a developed modern infrastructure and art objects. Here you can visit the Roman amphitheater, the ancient fortress, the Malaga Cathedral, the Picasso Museum, the Automobile and Fashion Museum, the Glass Museum, the Center for Contemporary Art and much more.

Lighthouse in the port of Malaga (photo: @hotelmolinalario)
Maria Luisa Park in Malaga (photo: @sergiogsev)

Cordova

An ancient city in Andalusia, about 150 km north of Malaga and east of Seville. Lovers of culture, and in particular architecture, Cordoba will be interesting, as it mixes evidence of the historical presence of three cultures at once - Christian, Muslim and Jewish.

Cordova (photo: @michaellalopez)
Roman bridge in Cordoba (photo: @sophiahorsted)

Granada

Another Andalusian city that harmoniously combines Muslim and Christian culture, which can be judged by the architecture of Granada and the way of life of its population. The main attractions of the city, which attract tourists both from other countries and from the rest of Spain, are the Alhambra and the Generalife - the most beautiful palace complexes in the Spanish-Moorish style with picturesque gardens.

Gardens and Alhambra Fortress (photo: @ria_soul)
View of Granada from above (photo: @meliaroundtheworld)

Toledo

Toledo is a city in central Spain, an hour's drive from Madrid. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Toledo Historic Center is definitely one vast must-see for the traveler. It is a well-preserved medieval city with many cathedrals, churches, monasteries, ancient ruins and cobbled streets.

Ancient architecture of Toledo (photo: @rdabad90)
View of the Alcazar in Toledo (photo: @p_c_sanchez)

Girona

Girona is located in Catalonia, one and a half hours from the border with France and half an hour from the resort town of Lloret del Mar on the Mediterranean coast. Girona is interesting for its well-preserved medieval center, and bright multi-colored houses along the Onyar River embankment are considered the hallmark of the city.

River Onyar in Girona (photo: @otgervila)
Girona Cathedral (photo: @nn_nomads)

Zaragoza

Zaragoza, stretching on the banks of the Ebro River, is another evidence of the unity of different cultures that have found themselves in the many-sided architecture of the city. Carefully keeping its historical face, Zaragoza remains one of the most economically developed cities in Spain. In addition to numerous cultural monuments, the city has a huge number of interesting museums. It is also the birthplace of famous Spanish artists and writers.

Basilica de Nuestra Señora del Pilar (photo: @italiaterapia)

Salamanca

Not as famous among travelers as Madrid, Barcelona or Valencia, Salamanca is considered one of the largest cultural and historical cities in Spain. Its historical center is included in the UNESCO list, which is not surprising, because the architecture of the city mixes samples of ancient Roman and Romanesque, radical baroque, renaissance and modern style.

Salamanca has one of the oldest universities in Europe, which by the 16th century put the city on a par with Paris, Bologna, Oxford in terms of importance as an educational center.

Oeste Square in Salamanca (photo: @alek.salamanca)
Salamanca (photo: @carmenpcarlos)

Bilbao

A city in the northern part of Spain, in the Basque Country, 100 km west of the resort of San Sebastian. Bilbao has come a long way in history, starting as a small fishing village that has grown to become the most important Spanish seaport and industrial center. Bilbao combines medieval architecture with whimsical, futuristic buildings that reflect the beating heart and rhythm of the city.

Architecture of Bilbao (photo: @fotoshappines)
Bridge over the Nervión River in Bilbao (photo: @juantxu_mesa)

Pamplona

The capital of Navarre, Pamplona is located in the north of Spain, 55 km from the border with France. This is the oldest and one of the most beautiful cities in the country, which is undeservedly overlooked by many tourists traveling in Spain.

Every year in the first half of July, the San Fermin festival with the bull run is held here, which is called a beautiful, dangerous, exciting and cruel holiday.

Landscape of Pamplona (photo: @pedrorer)
Architecture of Pamplona (photo: @unachicatrotamundos)

Cadiz

Cadiz is a small city, but worthy of the attention of a tourist. It is located on a rocky peninsula, connected to the land by a narrow isthmus, so the city is washed on all sides by the waters of the Gulf of Cadiz. One of the oldest cities in Europe with a small but very beautiful old town, beautiful sandy beaches and numerous restaurants.

Architecture of Cadiz (photo: @zuzorro)
Streets of Cadiz (photo: @deichkind77)

Palma de Mallorca

The main city of the island of Majorca and the capital of the Balearic Islands, Palma is a magnet for vacationers looking for a resort atmosphere that they cannot experience on the coast of continental Spain. But Palma de Mallorca is not only about the turquoise sea, the hot sun, sandy beaches and seafood dishes. This is also the Palm Cathedral by Gaudí, Bellver Castle, Almudaina Palace, Luke Monastery and other interesting sights.

Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca (photo: @sinikoskelo)
Palma de Mallorca, view of the harbor (photo: @picturecow86)

Murcia

The capital of the province of the same name, Murcia is located about 50 km from the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The city cannot be called a popular tourist center of the country, but there is something to see here. The main attraction of the city is the Murcia Cathedral, the elements of which are made in different architectural styles - baroque, rococo, Spanish gothic, renaissance and neoclassicism.

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Murcia (photo: @euge_moro)
Tropical garden in Murcia (photo: @steve.pix)

Segovia

One of oldest cities Spain, whose historical center, a real open-air museum, has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1985. Segovia is located in the center of the country, less than 100 km north of Madrid.

Architecture of Segovia (photo: @samuelarrobas)
Top view of Segovia (photo: @toya_photo)

Avila

Founded by the Vetons, fortified by the Romans, owned by the Visigoths and the Arabs, after the 11th century, Avila came under the rule of the Christians, who protected the city from future interventions. For this, a powerful fortress wall was erected, which is currently the boundaries of the old city of Avila, which is included in the UNESCO list.

Avila is located in the center of Spain, halfway between Madrid and Salamanca.

Basilica of San Vicente in Avila (photo: @23mariomd)
medieval fortress surrounding Ávila (photo: @agsaz)

Cartagena

Travelers who are not indifferent to the historical component of the city go to Cartagena, which is located on the Mediterranean coast. Cartagena combines the image of a modern resort with lush palm trees with the atmosphere of a dynamic port and a city that keeps traces of antiquity with its ancient ruins and traces of history from different periods.

Roman amphitheater in Catrachen (photo: @mina_hogan)
Architecture of Cartagena (photo: @ricardo.conesa)

Valladolid

Valladolid is called the city of kings and the cradle of Spanish culture. During the late Middle Ages, it was the main residence of monarchs, which left its mark on its squares, cathedrals, palaces and other objects of urban architecture. The picturesque Spanish Valladolid is a twin city of the dazzling Italian Florence.

Peñafiel Castle in Valladolid (photo: @adriianette)
The architecture of Valladolid (photo: @adriianette)

Places where, if a tourist path leads, it is completely inconspicuous, unknown to most travelers. It runs through the smallest villages, quiet and deserted - kilometers of silence around, but the pristine nature of Spain. A rare extreme tourist will wander here in search of the best angle for camera shooting of some Spanish grasshopper or masonry of a centuries-old cathedral. And once in such a place, it will go into full "off" and will load the camera with impressions caught in a moment until the battery runs out. And after all, there is nowhere to put it on charge - it’s not a fact that there is electricity in the village.

There are many such corners once inhabited, but now frozen in time, throughout the kingdom. And among them there are real ghost villages, with a population of less than 10 people.

Locality Illan de Vacas, occupying area 9 km² - the absolute record holder for the smallest number of inhabitants. Only one (!) resident is registered here - the mayor of this town, Julián Renilla Bru.

Following him and making up the ten smallest villages in terms of population in Spain are secluded corners in Teruel, Guadalajara, Burgos, Soria and La Rioja. These zones are traditionally considered sparsely populated in the country. Demographers cite several factors as the reason for this: the Civil War of the last century, numerous economic crises that forced provincials to look for work in capital cities, and the natural aging of residents who remained in their usual places.

Salcedillo (Teruel), for example, in 1930 had 170 inhabitants, now - 10. Villarroya (La Rioja) - in 1900 had more than 400 "registered" inhabitants (against 8 today).

The smallest settlements in Spain, according to the National Institute of Statistics (INE), are as follows:

• In Burgos: Jaramillo Quemado (4*), Villamedianilla (10),
• In Guadalajara: Valtablado del Rio (10), Castilnuevo (7)
• In Soria: Villanueva de Gormas (9), Estepa de San Juan (7)
• In La Rioja: Valdemadera (9), Villarroya (8)
• In Teruel: Salcedillo (10)

(*)– number of registered residents

Illan de Vacas - a village without owners

This place will definitely surprise you. A trip here feels like a real journey through time. The roads are not paved, there are only three stone-paved streets, a small church of Romanesque architecture at the entrance to the village and several houses - green doors in each, a symbol of orderliness of life and harmony among neighbors who observed a single "image". The buildings continue to look quite lived in and are well maintained. It seems that the village is inhabited, but you will not meet residents here, no matter how much you wander through the streets, which do not carry a touch of desolation at all. According to legend, this village was founded by a certain wanderer named Ilyan (possibly Jan) in the 16th century - and since then, either the ancient roots feed this place, preventing it from dying, or some other coincidence - only the smallest village in Spain is kept with all his might, perhaps the last.

Doorbells do not give signals, although they are in complete safety and are ready even now to report with a loud trill about a guest on the threshold. But here's the thing: there are guests - there are no hosts ... And on a large village mailbox there is an inscription of invincible optimism: "Daily seizure of correspondence." Some residents who were born in Ilyana and moved to the villages in the neighborhood come here to cultivate the fields and take care of the olive groves.

The local temple, where there are no parishioners and the priest comes to the service only on holidays, is standing - that's amazing! – without traces of vandalism, without graffiti, restored in 2008 and since then carefully maintained by the modest efforts of former Ilyans. Even 15 years ago there was life here. Because there was nearby railroad station. Simple crafts developed, carpentry workshops were noisy, blacksmiths and mechanics knew their business, a school worked. The railroad has now been removed. And the last vein that fed the village with social significance disappeared. Ilyana has about 900 hectares of land, of which 650 belong to the Renilla family, who bought most of the municipality many years ago - since then the tradition has begun to appoint a mayor from this family clan.

However, the places here are magnificent - despite the hermitage status of tiny settlements (or maybe because of it), their seclusion only emphasizes that Spain can be a country of unexpected contrasts and "white spots". And in some villages, where the fingers of both hands are enough to count the inhabitants, amazing architectural monuments have been preserved, which not every big city can boast of. Interesting? Pack your backpack!

Spain is the most detailed information about the country with a photo. Attractions, cities of Spain, climate, geography, population and culture.

Spain

Spain is a state in Southwestern Europe. This is one of largest countries European Union, located on the Iberian Peninsula and occupying more than 2/3 of its territory. Spain borders Portugal to the west, France and Andorra to the north, Gibraltar and Morocco to the south. The state consists of 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities and is a constitutional monarchy.

Spain is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe. The country is famous for its beaches and sea, cuisine and nightlife, special atmosphere and friendliness of the locals. Interestingly, in terms of the number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Spain is second only to Italy and China. In addition, it is a country with great geographical and cultural diversity. Here you can find almost everything: from lush meadows and snowy mountains to swamps and deserts.

Useful information about Spain

1. The population is 46.7 million people.
2. The area is 505,370 square kilometers.
3. The official language is Spanish (in some autonomous communities, the local dialect is also considered the official language).
4. Currency - euro.
5. Visa - Schengen.
6. Time - Central European UTC +1, summer +2.
7. Spain is among the 30 most developed countries in the world.
8. In Spain, during the daytime, some shops and establishments may be closed (siesta). Some restaurants and cafes do not serve dinner before 8-9 pm.
9. Tips are included in the bill. If you liked the food or service, you can set aside 5-10% of the bill.

Geography and nature

Spain occupies 80% of the territory of the Iberian Peninsula. It also includes the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands and a very tiny part of the North African coast. The Iberian Peninsula is located in the extreme southwest of Europe.

The relief of Spain is extremely diverse. Mountains and plateaus play the main role in it. The country is one of the most mountainous in Europe. The largest mountain systems: the Pyrenees, the Cordillera Betica, the Iberian, Catalan and Cantabrian mountains. The largest plain is the Andalusian lowland, located in the south. In the northeast is the Aragonese plain. The highest peak in continental Spain is Mount Mulasen (3478 and). The highest peak of the country is located on the island of Tenerife - it is the Teide volcano (3718 m).

River Tahoe

The largest rivers: Guadalquivir, Tajo, Duero, Ebro. Spain is known for its great length coastline. There are several thousand beaches along the coast. The largest resorts: Costa del Sol, Costa de la Luz, Costa Blanca, Costa Brava, Costa Dorada, Canary and Balearic Islands.

Due to geographical features, the animal is very diverse and vegetable world Spain. The north of the country is similar to Central Europe, and the south resembles North Africa. Broad-leaved forests are found in the northwest, deserts and semi-deserts in the south, and Mediterranean flora is characteristic of the coast.

Climate

Spain is one of the warmest, even hottest countries in Europe. Although due to the relief here you can find several climatic zones. The Mediterranean climate prevails, which is maritime on the coast, and arid in the central part. In most regions of the country, summers are dry and hot, winters are quite warm and humid. IN central regions frosts are not uncommon in cold weather.

Best time to visit

The best time to visit Spain is April-May and September-October. July and August are very hot in most areas. During the cold season it can be quite rainy.

History

In the third millennium BC, the Tartess civilization existed on the territory of the modern Iberian Peninsula. But already in the second millennium BC. Iberian tribes came here, who later mixed with the Celts. In ancient times, the Pyrenees were called Iberia. The Iberians quickly settled in the territory of Castile and built fortified settlements. Around the same millennium, Phoenician and Greek colonies were founded on the coast.

Interestingly, according to the most common theory, the name of the country comes from the Phoenician "i-spanim", which translates as "shore of darmans". The Romans used this word to refer to the territory of the entire peninsula.

In the 3rd century, almost the entire territory of the Iberian Peninsula was subjugated by Carthage. In 206, Carthage lost control of the Pyrenees. From this period, for almost two centuries, the Romans tried to subdue these lands. The last free tribes were conquered by Rome in 19 BC under Emperor Augustus. Spain was one of the most prosperous and important Roman provinces. The Romans built expensive fortresses here. By the end of the 1st century, more than 300 cities were founded here, trade and crafts flourished.

In the 4th-5th century, Germanic tribes penetrated the territory of Spain, which were soon completely replaced by the Visigoths. Even earlier, the first Christians appeared here. The Visigoths established their kingdom here with its capital in Barcelona and then in Toledo. In the 6th century, the emperor of Byzantium, Justinian, tried to return Spain to the rule of the empire.

In 711, Arabs and Berbers from North Africa came to the territory of the Iberian Peninsula, who were later called the Moors. Interestingly, they were called to help by the Visigoths themselves (or rather, one of their factions). In just a few years, the Moors conquered almost all of the Pyrenees and formed the Umayyad Caliphate. It should be noted that the Arabs were quite merciful, preserving the property of the people, the language and religion of the conquered territories.

Around the same time, the Reconquista movement arose, the goal of which was to liberate the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims. In 718, the Moors were stopped in the mountains of Asturias. By 914, the Kingdom of Asturias included the territories of Galicia and Northern Portugal. After the end of the Umayyad dynasty in 1031, the caliphate collapsed. At the end of the 11th century, Christians captured Toledo and some other cities. In the 12th century, the Spanish Empire was proclaimed, which arose after the unification of Castile and Aragon and existed until 1157. In the future, despite the division, the kingdoms fought together with the Moors. By the 13th century, only the emirate of Granada remained on the Iberian Peninsula.

Despite the power of the Castilian kingdom, the country was tormented by unrest and unrest. Dominance belonged to knightly orders and powerful nobles. In Aragon, on the contrary, there were many concessions to the estates. In 1469, a dynastic marriage between Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile contributed to the unification of the two kingdoms. In 1478, the Inquisition was established, which served as an impetus for the persecution of Muslims and Jews. In 1492, the conquest of Granada and the end of the Reconquista took place.

In 1519 the Habsburg dynasty came to power. In the 16th century, Spain became one of the strongest powers in Europe. The absolute monarchy was established as a form of government. The Spanish kingdom captured Portugal and numerous colonies in South and Central America. Already by the middle of the 16th century, constant wars and high taxes led to economic decline. During this period, the capital of the kingdom was moved from Toledo to Madrid.

At the beginning of the 18th century, with the death of Charles II, the War of the "Spanish Succession" broke out. As a result, the Bourbon dynasty reigned, and Spain became "pro-French". In 1808, a popular uprising broke out, which led to the abdication of the king. Subsequently, the French were expelled from the country and the restoration of the Bourbons took place. In the 19th century, Spain was tormented by unrest and unrest. The state lost all American colonies. In 1931, the monarchy was overthrown and a civil war began, in which Franco won. Francisco Franco established a dictatorship that lasted until 1975. This year was crowned Juan Carlos I of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty.

Spain consists of 17 autonomous regions, two so-called autonomous cities and 50 provinces.

Autonomous communities:

• Andalusia
• Aragon
• Asturias
• Balearic Islands
• Basque Country
• Valencia
• Galicia
• Canary Islands
• Cantabria
• Castile - La Mancha
• Castile and Leon
• Catalonia
• Murcia
• Navarre
• Rioja
• Extremadura

Population

The indigenous population of the country is the Spaniards (Castilians), Catalans, Basques, Galicians, etc. The official language is Spanish. In autonomies, the ethnic language or dialect is often spoken. Almost 80% of the population professes Christianity, of which 75% are Catholics. Interestingly, the average life expectancy in Spain is one of the highest in the world. She is 83 years old. The Spaniards themselves are quite friendly, open and emotional. These are noisy and temperamental people. They are often unpunctual, a little lazy and irresponsible.

Tips for communicating with Spaniards:

• Spaniards are very patriotic towards their country or autonomy. You should not raise such topics: "is Catalonia Spain" and so on.
• The vast majority of the population are Catholics, so words and actions that can offend the feelings of believers should be avoided.
• Avoid talking about the colonial past and the Franco regime.
• During lunch or dinner, the Spaniards do not start eating until all the guests have sat down. They also don't leave until everyone has finished eating.
• close people or Good friends hugging or kissing each other on the cheeks when they meet. Otherwise, they are limited to a handshake.

Transport

Information about modes of transport in Spain.

Major airports:

• Barcelona
• Palma de Mallorca
• Malaga - Costa del Sol
• Gran Canaria
• Alicante / Elche

Spain has an extensive network high speed trains that connect the major cities. The rail service also includes long-distance trains and a network suburban trains. There are regular bus services between many cities. Largest cities connected by highways. Motorways are tolled here.

Speed ​​limits:

• 120 km/h on freeways and motorways,
• 100 km/h on normal roads,
• 90 km/h on other roads,
• 50 km/h when driving in populated areas.

The blood alcohol level must not exceed 0.5 g/l. The driver and all passengers must wear seat belts.

Spain is the second country in Europe in terms of the number of cruise ship calls. Main ports of Spain:

• Barcelona
• Palma de Mallorca
• Las Palmas
• Santa Cruz de Tenerife
• Malaga
• Bilbao

Spain cities

Spain has hundreds of old and interesting city. But the most popular are:

• - a noisy and vibrant capital that will amaze you with modernist architecture, wide streets and squares, museums and vibrant nightlife.
• Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain and the capital of Catalonia. Famous sights, masterpieces of modernist architecture and art nouveau Gaudí are concentrated here.
• Bilbao is a large industrial city.
• Cadiz is considered the oldest city in Western Europe.
• Granada is a stunning city in the south, surrounded by snowy mountains Sierra Nevada.
• Cordova - old City with a rich Moorish heritage.
• Toledo is an ancient capital with sights from various periods.
• Seville is the capital of Andalusia and one of the most beautiful cities in Spain.
• Valencia is one of largest cities country. The place where paella was invented.
• Alicante - the resort capital east coast and the Costa Blanca region.

In the south of Spain in Andalusia, you can find a lot of evidence of antiquity. Cadiz is located here - one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Western Europe with the remains of a Roman settlement. Nearby is Ronda - beautiful city located on steep cliffs. The cities of Cordoba and Granada have preserved a rich Moorish heritage. Seville, the cultural center of Andalusia and all of southern Spain, has a dazzling collection of sights and the largest gothic cathedral in the world.

Crossing the north through the plains of La Mancha into Central Spain, it is worth visiting picturesque Toledo. This ancient Spanish capital and the most beautiful ancient city located on a hill. Not far from the Portuguese border is Merida with an impressive Roman heritage. If you are interested in relaxation and beaches, then you should go to Alicante, Malaga, the Canary and Balearic Islands.

Popular tourist destinations:

• Costa Blanca - 200 km of coastline, beaches and charming seaside towns.
• Costa Brava is a coastline with many seaside resorts.
• Costa del Sol - sunny Beach in the south of Spain.
• Ibiza is one of the Balearic Islands, famous for its clubs and discos.
• Mallorca is the largest of the Balearic Islands.
• Sierra Nevada - the highest mountain range Iberian peninsula with ski slopes.
• Tenerife - lush nature, volcanoes and great beaches.

Attractions

Historically, Spain has been an important crossroads between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, North Africa and Europe. As such, fantastic collections of unique attractions can be found here. The country impresses with the number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, historical and cultural monuments.

The most famous sights of Spain

• Old city of Toledo.
• Historic center of Salamanca.
• Burgos Cathedral in the city of the same name.
• Moorish heritage of Granada and Cordoba.
• Architectural masterpieces of Gaudí in Barcelona.
• Gothic cathedral in Seville and architecture in the Mudéjar style.
• Rock paintings in Altamira cave
• The historical centers of the cities of Cuenca, Merida, Cáceres, Zaragoza, Avila and Segovia.
• Romanesque churches in Lleida.
• Ancient Roman walls in the town of Lugo.

Notable festivals:

• Feria de Abril is the best fair in the Pyrenees. If you love folklore, flamenco and wine, then you will definitely like this event. It takes place in April-May.
• Fallas is a festival in Valencia.
• Dia de Sant Jordi is a Catalan holiday.

Accommodation

Spain is an extremely popular tourist destination, so you need to look for accommodation in advance. When traveling here to high season accommodation will cost more. Many cities, even small ones, are tourism oriented. Therefore, it is not a problem to find accommodation for any groups of tourists and financial possibilities.

Kitchen

Spaniards love to eat, drink wine and are very proud of their cuisine. Spanish cuisine can be described as fairly light, with lots of vegetables and a huge variety of meats and fish. Interestingly, traditional cuisine does not use many spices, but relies entirely on the use of high quality ingredients and their taste. Spaniards' meals are slightly different from ours. Their breakfast is light. Lunch is served at 13.00-15.00. Lunch is followed by a siesta. Dinner is late.

Traditional food and products: paella, jamon, tapas, Chorizo ​​(spicy sausage), Bocadillo de Calamares (fried squid), Boquerones en vinagre (anchovies with garlic), Churros (Spanish donuts), Empanadas Gallegas (meat pies), Fabada asturiana (stew), various varieties of gazpacho (soups), Tortilla de patatas (egg omelet with fried potatoes). The main alcoholic drink is wine, which is of very good quality here. The most popular soft drink is coffee.

Spain is not only jamon, excellent wine and amazing beaches. The cultural heritage of modern Spaniards was greatly influenced by the dominion of many peoples who inhabited these lands. Because Spain is a bizarre mixture of styles and traditions in absolutely everything: from architecture to culinary. Accordingly, a lot of interesting things await tourists here. The turbulent past of the country is reflected in numerous museums, ancient castles and majestic temples, which abound in the sunny land.

The best cities in Spain

The most interesting and Beautiful places for recreation and cultural tourism! List with titles, photos and a short description

Barcelona

There is nothing interesting here. From architectural monuments: Gothic temples, ancient minarets and squares to modern monumental structures, such as the famous Barcelona stadium. You should definitely visit the colorful Boqueria market, the giant Mediterranean aquarium, the famous singing fountains and dozens of various museums: dedicated to Picasso, military, football, chocolate, archaeological and a number of others.

Madrid

The most famous museum in Madrid is dedicated to the symbol of Spain - jamon. In addition to the "tasty" institutions, there are also maritime, national, decorative arts, and a number of others. As a seaside city, Madrid has a luxurious oceanarium combined with a zoo. Two more huge botanical gardens and a couple of giant amusement parks: Casa del Campo and an analogue of Disney from Warner Brothers.

Valencia

In addition to ancient castles, cathedrals, buildings with a long history, Valencia is famous for its Oceanographic Center, which has gathered hundreds of representatives from all over the world. sea ​​depths. Ecotourism lovers visit Albufera Park - a swampy reserve that shelters millions of rare species of birds. Visitors are also delighted with the Prince Philip Science Museum with unique collections.

Palma de Mallorca

A coastal tourist city without a dolphinarium or oceanarium is impossible. Mallorca has both. The region is also rich in caves, the most famous of which are the Dragon Cave, so named for the stalactites resembling teeth, and the huge cold Arta. Tired of a cultural holiday with a tour of architecture and visiting museums, you can look into amusement park"Kathmandu" with many extreme rides.

Seville

An excellent place for leisurely cultural tourism. Here they look at majestic religious buildings, such as the Seville Cathedral, the Church of St. Luigi, the Hospital of the Five Sacred Wounds and the tall ancient towers: Harald and the Golden. Be sure to visit the Marie-Louise Park, also known as the city park. Botanical Garden, sheltering African and European flora.

Santa Cruz de Tenerife

A small town in the Canarian archipelago that has grown from a fishing village. There are few special attractions here, the settlement is a resort, a traditional Spanish coastal town. That is why it is appreciated by tourists as a quiet place for a quiet beach holiday. It is worth looking at the ancient temples here: Francis of Assisi, Immaculate Virgin and Masonic. And be sure to visit the Auditorio de Tenerife - a grandiose concert hall.

Granada

The pearl of Granada is the majestic brick fortress of the Alhambra, located on the cliffs of the Sierra Nevada. In addition, it is interesting to wander through the real labyrinth of narrow streets of Albasin - the Moorish quarter. And in the caves-cafes you can enjoy the real rhythms of the famous flamenco, sipping icy sangria and admiring the grace and genuine passion of the sultry Andalusian dancers.

Cordova

The main attraction is the ancient Alcazar, founded by the Romans. The castle absorbed the architectural preferences of all its owners: Visigoths, Arabs and Andalusians. The former capital of the Caliphate of Cordoba is one of the most "Moorish" cities in Spain, which is fully reflected in its appearance. Here is the Flamenco Museum, the ancient Cordoba Synagogue and the Mesquita Cathedral Museum, a former mosque that became a Catholic church after the Reconquista.

Zaragoza

Another colorful city with a complete mixture of styles. Among the sights are Moorish buildings like the castle of Aljaferia, preserved with little or no restoration, to Christian basilicas and cathedrals. There is a museum of the sculptor Gargallo and a local analogue of our local history - dedicated to the history of Zaragoza. The Expo 2008 exhibition pavilion with the largest freshwater aquarium in Europe attracts tourists.

Malaga

The main attraction rises above Malaga - the Alcazaba fortress of the 11th century, rebuilt by the Berbers in the traditional Arabic style. But fans of extreme sports appreciate the city for something else: the local Plaza de Toros, "Bull Square" - a grandiose bullfighting arena, in which there is a restaurant serving horned participants defeated by brave matadors. In addition to bullfighting, there are a number of interesting museums here: automobile, Picasso, botanical park.

Segovia

A small Castilian town with a history of more than two millennia. The whole of its historical center has been included in the UNESCO lists. So as a sightseeing tour, an ordinary walk through the heart is quite suitable. ancient settlement. Here is the Alcazar castle in the shape of a ship, several ancient churches and the Segovia Museum, literally overflowing with works of art collected from Spanish monasteries.

Alicante

Towering over the city is Santa Barbara, a huge fortress on top of Bencantil, majestic rock. This is not the only castle of Alikanet, there is also San Ferdinando: a rather fresh fortress from the era of the Napoleonic wars, which turned out to be completely useless. Tourists must visit Mercado Central - a huge food market and local museums, including archaeological and art.

Benidorm

Spanish Manhattan, so named for the abundance of skyscrapers. Exclusively tourist town with a lot of entertainment. From traditional bullfighting to ultra-modern nightclubs. lovers a relaxing holiday it is better to prefer the outskirts of Benidorm: there are many quiet national restaurants, amazing beaches, and various antiquities with cultural attractions are within easy reach, for example, the village of Guadalest with its ancient castle.

San Sebastian

Seaside town with a glorious military history. Accordingly, most of the attractions are dedicated to the Spanish fleet. A feature of the architecture is the assimilation of buildings to the French style, for which San Sebastian was nicknamed the Spanish Paris. Here is the Ayate Palace, the former residence of Franco, the Spanish dictator. The prestigious San Sebastian Film Festival of European Cinema is also held here.

Bilbao

The heart of the city is the historical quarter of Casco Viejo with architectural sights. In addition to interesting antiquities, such as churches and a collection of archaeological finds from the local museum, the town is known for modern curiosities. For example, the Guggenheim Museum dedicated to contemporary art, the Subisuri Bridge and the "flower dog" - a living sculpture of seventy thousand plants.

Avila

The main attraction of the Castilian city is the longest mixed-type fortress wall in Europe. Its 87 towers and kilometers of fortifications are made in different styles and materials: gray stone and sandstone. In addition to walking along the wall, it will be interesting to visit the ancient Catholic basilicas and the center for the interpretation of mysticism, dedicated to the preservation of local folklore about the supernatural.

Caceres

The city is entirely included in the UNESCO list. A kind of "Spanish Prague", preserved in its medieval form to this day. A populated museum with traditional narrow streets paved with cobblestones trampled by the boots of the Roman legionnaires and the boots of the Spanish pikemen. Here, absolutely every house is a landmark. It is a favorite location for filming films about medieval Spain, so many of the views will seem familiar to tourists.

Cuenca

It was founded by the Iberian Celts and changed many owners: from the Romans to the Moors. Cuenca is often called the standard of the Spanish province, a quiet town, as if asleep for centuries. The main attraction: Casas Kolgadas - hanging houses, stuck like nests of swallows on a sheer cliff, old buildings. Another attraction is the science museum with the famous time machine model.

Valladolid

Once - the capital of Spain, now - the industrial center of the state. Here is the oldest unfinished building - the cathedral, the foundation stone of which was laid in 1582, and the construction is in progress now. The main attraction is the house of Columbus, where the famous navigator ended his life. Now it is a museum of the discoverer with a rich collection of his personal belongings.

Ibiza

The capital of the world famous island of Ibiza. Clubbers and party-goers from all over the world come here, but the city has something to show, except for wild parties. The city is very ancient, founded by the sworn enemies of the Romans, the Carthaginians, already 2500 years ago. The main attraction is the castle-museum with a collection of archaeological antiquities, Phoenician ruins and the majestic necropolis of Mount Mills.

Salamanca

The cultural center of Spain, the main attractions are architectural, represented by ancient religious buildings. In addition to the temples, you can visit the Diocesan Museum, the most famous exhibit of which is the statue of the Virgin Mary entirely made of ivory and the art museum with a collection of works by Spanish painters. The hallmark of the city is the House of Shells, a 16th-century mansion decorated with hundreds of shells.

Cartagena

There are many sights here, some of them are the heritage of the Romans and Carthaginians, a little inherited from the Moors and carefully preserved by the Spaniards. Among them are the Roman amphitheater, combined with the museum, the ruins of the Punic fortress, the castle of Concepción depicted on the city coat of arms, the ruins of the church of St. Mary. Of the relatively new: the school of midshipmen and the museum of navigation with unique exhibits.

Marbella

A fashionable resort, not devoid of historical sights. Among them are Roman baths, ancient towers and the governor's house. The Municipal Museum of Marbella has a rich collection of archaeological curiosities, and the Bonsai garden is also popular. Women come here to walk around the statue of Don Juan: according to legend, within a year after this simple ritual, unmarried ladies find their betrothed.

Santiago de Compostela

The main attraction is a grandiose Romanesque cathedral with an adjoining museum that collected archaeological finds from excavations during its restoration. Access to the towers of the cathedral is open, there is a special tour on its roof. Notable is the 16th-century Shelter of the Catholic Kings, where you can stay or, for a modest fee, walk through its halls with a guided tour.

Tarragona

The city is known for its well-preserved Roman buildings: the aqueduct (aka the Devil's Bridge), the amphitheater, the palace of Augustus and the ruins of the ancient citadel. The abbey of Poblet, the castle-monastery of Santes Creus and the cathedral are also available to tourists. You should definitely visit the fishing quarter of El Serallo with a huge market and the Rambla Nova - popular place tourist shopping.

Girona

The main attraction is the former Jewish quarter of Il-Kall of the 9th century built in its original form. The city is surrounded by well-preserved fortifications built by the Romans, including fortress walls and towers. Part of the shaft is suitable for walking. There are several old churches and cathedrals, tourists visit the famous "Arab baths" at the Capuchin convent.

Alcala de Henares

This suburb of Madrid has been fully recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Native city Cervantes naturally acquired a museum dedicated to him, which is sure to be visited by tourists. In addition to him, they visit the Comedy Theater and the local university. The town is famous for its frequent and grandiose holidays, during which costumed processions and abundant fairs are held.

Toledo

The Alcazar rises above the city - a huge medieval castle, a must-see for any tour. In addition to it, there is the San Servando bastion, an example of classic Spanish fortification. They also visit the house-museum of the painter El Greco in the Jewish quarter and the Church of St. Thomas. Of particular interest are the expositions of the Toledo Museum of the History of the Inquisition with real antique torture devices.

Burgos

In the bowels of the local Gothic cathedral is the tomb of the national hero of Spain, the hero of many romances and literary works, Cid Compeador. In addition to numerous temples and the old bastion of the Reconquista, tourists are attracted by the modern museum of human evolution. Artifacts that testify to the development of the human race are stored here: tools, the first examples of art objects, and so on.

Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

In addition to the abundance of old temples traditional for Spain, La Palmas boasts modern sights. For example, the Atlantic Center for Contemporary Art and the Alfred Kraus Hall, where the annual film festival is held. The Canary Museum has collected many curiosities, originally from the archipelago: from mummies, ceramics and ancient weapons to rare items of pagan cults of the ancient owners of the islands.