Mariners and their discoveries briefly. Great Russian travelers
It seems that the days of pioneers have now passed, there are no blank spots left on the map. But it turns out that even today you can travel and explore unknown corners of the planet. Let all the continents and islands have already been discovered, let the most remote and inaccessible areas be seen from space, and the inquisitive human mind sets itself new tasks and solves them, organizes expeditions. Who are they, modern travelers of the 21st century?
Names of modern travelers
When we remember the famous pioneers, along with the great Columbus, Magellan, Cook, Bellingshausen, Lazarev and others, we also talk about our contemporaries. The names of Cousteau, Heyerdahl, Sienkevich, Konyukhov and other researchers also sound like a hymn to the study of our planet. Modern travelers and their discoveries represent a wonderful
Jacques Cousteau
Cousteau is the greatest oceanographer, French research scientist. This is the man who opened for humanity undersea world. It was with his hands that goggles for the first scuba gear were made, and the first scientific vessel exploring the depths of the sea was equipped. He owned the first films shot underwater.
For the first time, a person had the opportunity to move freely in the water column and descend to depths of up to 90 m. Under the leadership of Cousteau, the first underwater expeditions were organized. At first it was archaeological research on the ocean floor and photography at depths of several kilometers.
When Cousteau created the “underwater saucer” - a mini-submarine, the possibilities for studying the water column increased dramatically. A continuation was the founding of temporary underwater research stations, where modern travelers lived for several months and could conduct observations directly at sea.
The result of Cousteau's many years of work on studying the underwater world were books and films that were extremely popular: “In a World of Silence”, “A World Without Sun”, “Cousteau’s Underwater Odyssey”. Since 1957, he headed the Oceanographic Museum in Monaco. In 1973, the Cousteau Society for the Conservation of Marine Nature was founded.
Among his honorary awards, he considered the Order of the Legion of Honor to be the main one. Cousteau died in 1997 in Paris.
Thor Heyerdahl
This name is also familiar to anyone who has even the slightest interest in travel. Thor Heyerdahl became famous sea voyages, undertaken to prove their point of view on the settlement of different areas of the world.
Heyerdahl was the first to put forward the idea that the islands of Polynesia could have been settled by people from South America. To prove this theory, modern travelers under his leadership made an unprecedented voyage on the Kon-Tiki balsa raft across the Pacific Ocean. Having covered about 8 thousand km in 101 days, the expedition reached the Tuamotu Islands. At the same time, the raft retained its buoyancy, and if not for the storm, it probably could have reached the shores of Asia.
This was followed by expeditions on reed boats "Ra" and "Ra-2", in which our compatriot Yuri Senkevich took part. The boat "Tigris", sailing on which was supposed to show the possibility of connections between Mesopotamia and the Hindustan Peninsula, was burned by the crew in protest against military actions off the coast of Djibouti, and the expedition was not completed.
Heyerdahl disagreed with the scientific world on many issues and put forward his own theories. For many years he studied the mysteries of Easter Island, especially the origin of the famous stone idols. Tour claimed that these giant statues could be manufactured and delivered to the site by the island’s natives, who did not have modern tools for stone processing and means of transportation. And the results of his research were sensational, although not recognized by most scientists.
Among Heyerdahl’s controversial theories, we also note the version about connections between the Vikings and the inhabitants of the Caucasus and Azov. He believed that the Vikings came from North Caucasus. But his death in 2002 prevented him from proving this theory.
Numerous books by Heyerdahl about his views on the exploration of the world and travels, documentaries made about them, still remain very fascinating and interesting for any person.
Yuri Senkevich
A modern Russian traveler and host of the most popular TV show in our country, “Travel Club,” a polar explorer, he participated in the 12th Soviet Antarctic expedition.
In 1969, when organizing an expedition to Ra, Thor Heyerdahl wrote a letter to the USSR Academy of Sciences inviting a doctor with good knowledge to participate in it. in English, with experience in expeditions and a sense of humor. The choice fell on Senkevich. Cheerful and cheerful, with an optimistic outlook on life and the skills of a practicing doctor, Yuri quickly became friends with Heyerdahl and other members of the team.
Subsequently, they participated more than once in the expeditions of the famous Norwegian. Many of Heyerdahl's studies became known to Soviet television viewers immediately thanks to a television program hosted by Yuri Senkevich. The "Cinema Travel Club" became for many a window into the world, allowing them to get acquainted with interesting places globe. The guests of the program were modern travelers: Heyerdahl, Cousteau, Jacek Palkiewicz, Carlo Mauri and many others.
Senkevich took part in medical support for expeditions to the North Pole and Everest. Yuri Alexandrovich died in 2006 while filming another TV show.
Tim Severin
Many modern travelers repeat the routes of sailors and pioneers of the past. One of the most famous is the British Tim Severin.
He made his first journey in the footsteps of Marco Polo on motorcycles. Leaving Venice, Severin and his comrades crossed almost all of Asia and reached the borders of China. Here the journey had to be completed, since permission to visit the country was not obtained. What followed was exploration (while navigating it in a canoe and motorboat). The next expedition is along the St. Brendan route across the Atlantic Ocean.
Inspired by the adventures of Sinbad the Sailor, Severin made the transition from Oman to China on sailing ship, guided only by the stars.
In 1984, Severin, with a team of 20 rowers, repeated the route of the Argonauts to Colchis (Western Georgia). And the next year he traveled in the footsteps of Odysseus from Homer’s imperishable poem of the same name.
These are just some of Severin's routes. He wrote fascinating books about his adventures, and was awarded the prestigious Thomas Cook Award for The Voyage of Sinbad.
Modern travelers of the 21st century
Even though it's the 21st century, the spirit of love for adventure and travel has not faded. And now there are people who cannot sit comfortably at home; they are attracted by the unknown, the unknown.
Among them are modern Russian travelers. Perhaps the most famous of them is Fedor Konyukhov.
Fedor Konyukhov
"First" is often added to his name. He was the first Russian to visit the three poles of the Earth: North, South and Everest. He was the first to conquer five poles on Earth - to the previous ones were added the Pole of Inaccessibility in Antarctica and Cape Horn, which is considered such for yachtsmen. He was the first Russian to conquer the “Big Seven” - he climbed the highest peaks of all continents, counting Europe and Asia separately.
He has undertaken many expeditions, mostly extreme ones. Konyukhov traveled around the world on a yacht four times. Participant in the ski trek "USSR - North Pole - Canada".
His books are read in one sitting. And in plans for the future - for hot-air balloon.
Dmitry Shparo
Let's make a reservation right away: this is a polar traveler and explorer. Back in 1970, he led a ski expedition to the islands Komsomolskaya Pravda. Three years later he traveled to Taimyr in search of the warehouse of the famous polar explorer Eduard Toll. In 1979, under his leadership, the world's first ski expedition to the North Pole was made.
One of the most famous hikes is to Canada through the Northern Arctic Ocean as part of a joint Soviet-Canadian expedition.
In 1998, together with his son, he crossed on skis. In 2008, he organized two expeditions to the North Pole. One of them is famous for the world's first achievement of the pole on skis at night. And the second involved young people aged 16-18 years.
Dmitry Shparo is the organizer of the Adventure Club. The establishment holds marathons across the country with the participation of people confined to wheelchairs. The most famous is the international ascent of Kazbek by wheelchair users from Transcaucasia, Norway and Russia.
Modern travelers
The geography of modern travel is very extensive. Basically, these are little-studied and hard-to-reach areas of the Earth. These hikes most often take place in extreme conditions that require all efforts.
Of course, it is difficult to cover all the names in one article. Anatoly Khizhnyak, exploring little-studied tribes in the Amazon jungle and Papua New Guinea... Naomi Uemura, who single-handedly hiked to the North Pole, sailed the Amazon, conquered Mont Blanc, Matterhorn, Kilimanjaro, Aconcugua, Everest... the first person to climb all 14 eight-thousanders in the world... You can write about each of them a separate book. Their adventures inspire travelers.
These people sailed to the horizon, crossed oceans, unknown lakes and unexplored valleys in search of new lands, riches and adventures. Among the most famous travelers in world history, who explored our planet, discovering new lands, Roald Amundsen, Christopher Columbus and 7 other outstanding personalities.
The Norwegian explorer who undertook several expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic and, together with his team, on December 14, 1911, after a grueling race with a competitor, Robert Falcon Scott, became the first person to reach the geographic South Pole. Previously, Roald was the first to cross the Northwest Passage (1903-1906).
Born on July 16, 1872 in the Norwegian city of Borg and died on June 18, 1928 at the age of 55 near Bear Island in the Arctic.
English polar explorer, naval officer, who, together with his escort, reached the South Pole on January 17, 1912, about a month after Amundsen’s competitor. Robert's first expedition, during which he explored Victoria Land and the Ross Ice Shelf, took place in 1901-1904.
Born on June 6, 1868 in Devonport (Plymouth, England). He died on March 29, 1912 (age 43) at base camp in Antarctica.
3. . The famous British navigator and discoverer who first mapped Newfoundland and became the first European to discover the eastern coast of Australia and Hawaii. Over three voyages, James explored the Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic coast to the Bering Strait.
Born November 7, 1728 in Marton (Middlesbrough, England). 02/14/1779 was killed at the age of 50 by Native Hawaiians in Kileikqua (Big Island, United States).
4. . A Portuguese sailor who, on instructions from the Spanish king in 1519, went to circumnavigation, heading west. So Fernand discovered the Strait of Magellan, later named after him, located at the upper tip of South America. He was not destined to talk about the discovery in his homeland. In 1522, only a few members of the crew returned to Portugal.
Born in 1480 in Sabrosa (Vila Real). On April 27, 1521, at the age of 41, he died at the hands of the aborigines on the island of Mactan in the Philippines.
5. . One of the most famous Portuguese navigators and discoverers, who found a sea route to India in 1498 on behalf of Henry the Navigator. On the flagship São Gabriel, accompanied by two other ships (São Rafael und Bérrio), Vasco rounded the cape Good Hope and returned home to Lisbon in 1499. The sailors filled the holds to the brim with bags of spices.
Vasco was born in Sines (Setubal) in 1469, and died in Kochi (India) on December 24, 1524 at the age of 55 years.
6. . Florentine navigator, navigator, merchant and cartographer. For the first time he suggested that the part of the world found by Christopher Columbus and later called “America” was a previously unknown continent. The name, which was associated with the name "Amerigo", was proposed by the cartographer from Freiburg im Breisgau Martin Waldseemüller.
The Florentine was born on March 9, 1451 in Florence (Florentine Republic, now Italy). He died at the age of 60 in Seville (Spain) on February 22, 1512.
7. . The most famous sea traveler from Genoa, who, on behalf of Spain, crossed the Atlantic Ocean four times in search of an easier sea route to India, eventually discovering the continent of America for Europeans (1492), which began the era of colonization. During the first expedition, in which the ships Pinta, Niña and Santa Maria participated, Christopher accidentally discovered the island of San Salvador in the Caribbean Sea after 36 days.
He was born in 1451 in Genoa (Genoese Republic, now a province of Italy). He died on May 20, 1506 in Valladolid (Spain), when he was 55 years old.
8. . A Venetian merchant who documented his travels and often backed up what he saw with evidence. Thanks to him, Europeans learned about Central Asia and China. According to Marco, he lived for 24 years at the court of Chinese Emperor Kubla Khan, but historians doubt this. The name Polo inspired pioneers of subsequent generations.
Born in 1254 in Venice (Venetian Republic, now Italy) and died there at the age of 70 on January 8, 1324.
Scandinavian navigator who reached the North American continent 5 centuries before Columbus. In the 11th century, he sailed to it on his ship and became the first European to set foot on this land. Leif dubbed the found territory Vinland. The Scandinavian established trade relations between Greenland, Norway and Scotland.
Ericsson had a fiery temperament. Born in Iceland in 970, and died on the island of Greenland at the age of 50 in 1020.
(nicknamed Red). Norwegian-Icelandic navigator and discoverer. For murder in 982 he was expelled from Iceland for 3 years and, committing cruise, stumbled upon the western coast of Greenland, where he founded the first Viking settlement in 985. Eirik called the discovered territory “green land.”
Although in Russian the Norman's nickname is translated as “red,” historians believe that in reality it means “bloody.” Thorvaldson was born in 950 in Jären (Norway). He died in 1003 at the age of 53 in Brattalid (Greenland).
The people listed did important discoveries, influencing the course of history. They explored the Arctic and Antarctic, and “gave” North America, Greenland and other lands to the Europeans. Travelers created new sea and land routes that facilitated trade between countries.
Julian of Hungary,“Columbus of the East” is a Dominican monk who went in search of Great Hungary, the ancestral home of the Hungarians. By 895, the Hungarians had settled in Transylvania, but still remembered the distant lands of their ancestors, the steppe regions east of the Urals. In 1235, the Hungarian prince Bela equipped four Dominican monks on a journey. After a while, two Dominicans decided to return back, and Julian’s third companion died. The monk decided to continue his journey alone. As a result, having passed Constantinople, passing along the Kuban River, Julian reached Great Bulgaria, or Volga Bulgaria. The Dominican's return route ran through the Mordovian lands, Nizhny Novgorod, Vladimir, Ryazan, Chernigov and Kyiv. In 1237, Julian of Hungary set out on a second journey, but already on the way, having reached the eastern lands of Rus', he learned about the attack on Great Bulgaria by Mongol troops. Descriptions of the monk's travels have become an important source in the study of the history of the Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria.
Gunnbjorn Ulfson. Surely you have heard about Eirik the Red, the Scandinavian navigator who was the first to settle on the shores of Greenland. Thanks to this fact, many mistakenly think that he was the discoverer of the giant ice island. But no - Gunnbjorn Ulfson had been there before him, heading from his native Norway to Iceland, whose ship was thrown to new shores by a severe storm. Almost a century later, Eirik the Red followed in his footsteps - his path was not accidental, Eirik knew exactly where the island discovered by Ulfson was located. 
Rabban Sauma, who is called the Chinese Marco Polo, became the only person from China to describe his journey through Europe. As a Nestorian monk, Rabban went on a long and dangerous pilgrimage to Jerusalem around 1278. Setting out from the Mongolian capital Khanbalik, i.e. present-day Beijing, he crossed all of Asia, but already approaching Persia, he learned about the war in the Holy Land and changed his route. In Persia, Rabban Sauma was warmly received, and a few years later, at the request of Arghun Khan, he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Rome. First, he visited Constantinople and King Andronicus II, then visited Rome, where he established international contacts with the cardinals, and eventually ended up in France, at the court of King Philip the Fair, proposing an alliance with Arghun Khan. On way back the Chinese monk was granted an audience with the newly elected Pope and met with the English King Edward I. 
Guillaume de Roubuque, a Franciscan monk, after the end of the Seventh Crusade, was sent by King Louis of France to the southern steppes in order to establish diplomatic cooperation with the Mongols. From Jerusalem, Guillaume de Rubuk reached Constantinople, from there to Sudak and moved towards Sea of Azov. As a result, Rubuk crossed the Volga, then the Ural River and eventually ended up in the capital of the Mongol Empire, the city of Karakorum. The audiences of the Great Khan did not produce any special diplomatic results: the Khan invited the King of France to swear allegiance to the Mongols, but the time spent in overseas countries was not in vain. Guillaume de Rubuc described his travels in detail and with his characteristic humor, telling the inhabitants of medieval Europe about the distant eastern peoples and their lives. He was especially impressed by the religious tolerance of the Mongols, which was unusual for Europe: in the city of Karakorum, pagan and Buddhist temples, a mosque, and a Christian Nestorian church coexisted peacefully. 
Afanasy Nikitin,
Tver merchant, in 1466, went on a commercial voyage, which turned into incredible adventures for him. Thanks to his adventurism, Afanasy Nikitin went down in history as one of greatest travelers, leaving behind heartfelt notes “Walking across the Three Seas.” As soon as he left his native Tver, Afanasy Nikitin's merchant ships were plundered by the Astrakhan Tatars, but this did not stop the merchant, and he continued on his way - first reaching Derbent, Baku, then to Persia and from there to India. In his notes, he colorfully described the customs, morals, political and religious structure of Indian lands. In 1472, Afanasy Nikitin went to his homeland, but never reached Tver, dying near Smolensk. Afanasy Nikitin became the first European to travel all the way to India. 
Chen Chen and Li Da- Chinese travelers who made the most dangerous expedition across Central Asia. Li Da was an experienced traveler, but he did not lead travel notes and therefore not as famous as Chen Chen. Two eunuchs went on a diplomatic journey on behalf of the Yongle Emperor in 1414. They had to cross the desert for 50 days and climb along the Tien Shan mountains. After spending 269 days on the road, they reached the city of Herat (which is located on the territory of modern Afghanistan), presented gifts to the Sultan and returned home. 
Odorico Pordenone- Franciscan monk who visited India, Sumatra and China at the beginning of the 14th century. Franciscan friars sought to increase their presence in countries East Asia, why missionaries were sent there. Odorico Pordenone, leaving his native monastery in Udine, proceeded first to Venice, then to Constantinople, and from there to Persia and India. The Franciscan monk traveled extensively in India and China, visited the territory of modern Indonesia, reaching the island of Java, lived in Beijing for several years, and then returned home, passing Lhasa. He died already in the monastery in Udine, but before his death he managed to dictate impressions of his travels, rich in details. His memories formed the basis of the famous book “The Adventures of Sir John Mandeville,” which was widely read in medieval Europe. 
Naddod and Gardar- Vikings who discovered Iceland. Naddod landed off the coast of Iceland in the 9th century: he was on his way to Faroe islands, but a storm brought him to a new land. Having examined the surroundings and finding no signs of human life there, he went home. The next to set foot on Iceland was the Swedish Viking Gardar - he walked around the island along the coast on his ship. Naddod named the island “Snow Land”, and Iceland (i.e. “land of ice”) owes its present name to the third Viking, Floki Vilgerdarson, who reached this harsh and beautiful land. 
Benjamin of Tudela- rabbi from the city of Tudela (Kingdom of Navarre, now the Spanish province of Navarre). The path of Benjamin of Tudela was not as grandiose as that of Afanasy Nikitin, but his notes became an invaluable source of information about the history and life of Jews in Byzantium. Benjamin of Tudela set out from hometown to Spain in 1160, passed Barcelona, traveled through southern France. Then he arrived in Rome, from where, after a while, he moved to Constantinople. From Byzantium the rabbi proceeded to the Holy Land, and from there to Damascus and Baghdad, and traveled around Arabia and Egypt. 
Ibn Battuta famous not only for his wanderings. If his other “colleagues” set off on a trade, religious or diplomatic mission, the Berber traveler was called to follow him by the muse of distant travels - he traveled 120,700 km solely for the love of tourism. Ibn Battuta was born in 1304 in the Moroccan city of Tangier into the family of a sheikh. The first point on personal card Ibn Battuta became Mecca, where he ended up moving overland along the coast of Africa. Instead of returning home, he continued traveling through the Middle East and East Africa. Having reached Tanzania and finding himself without funds, he ventured to travel to India: it was rumored that the Sultan in Delhi was incredibly generous. The rumors did not disappoint - the Sultan provided Ibn Battuta with generous gifts and sent him to China for diplomatic purposes. However, along the way he was plundered and, fearing the Sultan’s wrath and not daring to return to Delhi, Ibn Battuta was forced to hide in the Maldives, simultaneously visiting Sri Lanka, Bengal and Sumatra. He reached China only in 1345, from where he headed towards home. But, of course, he could not sit at home - Ibn Battuta made a short trip to Spain (at that time the territory of modern Andalusia belonged to the Moors and was called Al-Andalus), then went to Mali, for which he needed to cross the Sahara, and in 1354 settled in the city Fez, where he dictated all the details of his incredible adventures. 
9 chosen
If you think that with the passing of the Age of Great Geographical Discovery, outstanding travelers also disappeared into oblivion, then you are mistaken! Our contemporaries also committed the most amazing travel. Among them are scientists who went in search of confirmation of their theories, explorers of the deep sea, and simply adventurers who ventured into the trip around the world alone or with like-minded people. Many documentaries have been created about their travels, and thanks to them, we can see the whole world through their eyes, real, alive, full of dangers and adventures.
Jacques-Yves Cousteau
Captain Cousteau is a famous French explorer of the World Ocean, author of books and films, and inventor. The world's oceans have revealed many of their secrets and shown the previously inaccessible beauty of their depths to a huge number of scuba diving enthusiasts. We can say that Captain Cousteau is the father of modern diving, because it was he who created the main diving apparatus. While researching the underwater world of our planet, Cousteau created the famous floating laboratory "Callisto" and the first diving apparatus "Denise". Jacques Cousteau captivated millions of people by showing them on movie screens how beautiful the underwater world is, giving them the opportunity to see what was previously inaccessible to humans.
Thor Heyerdahl
The name of the most famous Norwegian of the 20th century on his native language spelled "Thor", just like the name of one of the main gods of Scandinavian mythology, Thor. He made many trips on homemade watercraft to bring ancient civilizations into contact with each other. Heyerdahl proved in practice his theory about the inhabitants of South America visiting the islands of Polynesia, since the scientific world did not accept his ideas. Together with his team, he reached Raroia Atoll in 101 days, sailing 4,300 miles. This was one of his most famous voyages, the Kon-Tiki Expedition, on a homemade raft. The film he shot during his trip won an Oscar in 1951. And in 1969, he set out on a new dangerous expedition on a papyrus boat to prove, to prove the possibility of crossing the Atlantic Ocean by African peoples. However, Thor Heyerdahl's first voyage on the boat "Ra" ended in failure; the boat sank just 600 miles short of the island of Barbados. A year later, the stubborn Norwegian repeated his journey and sailed from Morocco to Barbados in 57 days. By the way, the doctor on this expedition was our compatriot Yuri Senkevich. Heyerdahl later visited Maldives, in Peru and Tenerife.
Yuri Senkevich
The popular TV presenter of the program "Travelers Club" Yuri Senkevich was on the list of the most famous travelers not only as the doctor of Thor Heyerdahl's expedition. His “track record” as a traveler is respectable:
as a medical researcher, Senkevich was trained to participate in a space flight, participated in the 12th Antarctic expedition to the Vostok station in order to study human behavior in extreme conditions, traveled on the papyrus boat "Ra", then on the "Ra-2" and V Indian Ocean on Tigris. Millions of Soviet television viewers were able to see the world, as they joked “through the eyes of Sienkiewicz.” By the way, the program “Cinema Travel Club” was entered into the Guinness Book of Records.
Nikolay Drozdov
More than 40 years ago, Nikolai Nikolaevich Drozdov became the host of the popular TV show “In the Animal World.” An avid traveler, a “gallant know-it-all”, who spends hours talking about animals as the most wonderful and beautiful creatures in the world - be it an elephant, a bug, or even a poisonous snake. An amazing and wonderful person, the idol of millions of viewers in our country, listening to his stories about interesting facts from the life of birds, reptiles, domestic and wild animals, about the beauty of our nature is an incomparable pleasure, because only a person in love with life can tell this way. An interesting fact about Nikolai Nikolaevich himself - his great-great-great-grandfather was Metropolitan Philaret of Moscow, and his maternal great-great-grandfather Ivan Romanovich von Dreiling was an orderly of Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov.
Nikolai Drozdov has traveled all over the world, all zoological and National parks, studying the habitats and habits of animals in natural conditions, climbed Elbrus, participated in a long expedition on the research vessel "Callisto" and in the first Soviet expedition to Everest, went to the North Pole twice, walked along the Northern Sea Route on an icebreaker " Yamal", sailed along the coast of Alaska and Canada on the Discovery.
Fedor Konyukhov
A lone traveler who conquered what seemed impossible to conquer, who more than once overcame a path that was impossible to travel alone - the great contemporary Fyodor Konyukhov. The first among travelers who conquered the North and South Poles, seas, oceans and highest peaks world, as proven by more than 40 expeditions he made to the most inaccessible places on our planet. Among them are five trips around the world, a solo voyage across the Atlantic (which, by the way, he crossed more than once) on a rowing boat. Konyukhov was the first to cross the Pacific Ocean from continent to continent. But the life of our busy compatriot is not filled with travel alone - Fyodor Konyukhov became the youngest member of the Union of Artists of the USSR and the author of twelve books about travel. There were new plans ahead: a flight around the world in a hot air balloon and a circumnavigation in 80 days for the Jules Verne Cup, as well as a dive into Mariana Trench. However, having been ordained a priest in 2010, Fyodor Konyukhov decided not to travel anymore, but... the ways of the Lord are mysterious and famous traveler again at the helm. This spring, he “broke” the Russian record and stayed in the air in a balloon for 19 hours and 10 minutes.
Bear Grylls
Fame came to the young English traveler thanks to the highest-rated television program on the Discovery Channel, “Survive at Any Cost,” which first aired in October 2006. The TV presenter and traveler does more than just “entertain” viewers beautiful views the most amazing places planet, his goal is to convey to the audience life recommendations that can be useful in unforeseen situations.
The list of his travels is respectful: he sailed around British Isles in thirty days, crossed the North Atlantic in an inflatable boat, flew over Angel Falls in a steam-powered plane, flew over the Himalayas in a paraglider, led an expedition to one of the most distant unconquered peaks in Antarctica and held... a gala dinner in a balloon at an altitude of more than seven thousand meters! Most of Grylls' expeditions are for charity.
Abbey Sunderland
Not only men can boast of friendship with the wind of wanderings - Abby Sunderland, a young traveler who, at the age of 16, circumnavigated the world alone on a yacht, will give a head start to many men. The determination of Abby’s parents is surprising, because they not only allowed her to participate in such a dangerous enterprise, but also helped her prepare for it. Alas, the first start on January 23, 2010 was unsuccessful and Abby made a second attempt on February 6. The journey turned out to be more dangerous than expected: between Australia and Africa, 2 thousand miles from the coast, the hull of the yacht was damaged and the engine failed. After this message, communication was interrupted, the search for Abby's yacht was unsuccessful and she was declared missing. A month later, Australian rescuers in the area of a severe storm discovered the lost yacht and Abby alive and unharmed. After this, who will say that there is no place for a woman on a ship?
Jason Lewis
And finally, the most original of modern travelers, who spent 13 years traveling around the world! Why so long? The simple fact is that Jason refused any technology or any achievements of civilization. The former janitor and his friend Steve Smith went around the world by bike, boat and rollerblades! The expedition started from Greenwich in 1994; in February 1995, the travelers reached the shores of the United States and, after 111 days of sailing, decided to cross America separately on roller skates. Lewis had to interrupt his trip for 9 months after an accident. After recovery, Lewis goes to Hawaii, from where he sails on a pedal boat to Australia, where he had to spend some time earning money for further travel... by selling T-shirts. In 2005, he reaches Singapore and then crosses China and India by bicycle. By March 2007, he reached Africa and also crossed the whole of Europe on a bicycle: Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Germany and Belgium. After swimming across the English Channel, Jason Lewis returned to London in October 2007.
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Italian traveler Marco Polo (1254-1324). In 1271-75 he traveled to China, where he lived for approx. 17 years. In 1292-95 he returned to Italy by sea. The “Book” written in his words (1298) is one of the first sources of European knowledge about the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. and Yuzh. Asia.
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This is a period in human history, beginning in the 15th century and lasting until the 17th century, during which Europeans discovered new lands and sea routes to Africa, America, Asia and Oceania in search of new trading partners and sources of goods that were in great demand in Europe. Historians usually relate the "Great geographical discoveries” with the pioneering long-distance sea voyages of Portuguese and Spanish travelers in search of alternative trade routes to the “Indies” for gold, silver and spices.
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He was the first reliably known traveler to cross the Atlantic Ocean and sail the Caribbean Sea. He marked the beginning of the discovery of the continent of South America. He discovered all the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, etc.), the Lesser Antilles and about. Trinidad. On his first expedition, he equipped 3 ships: “Santa Maria”, “Pinta”, “Nina”. In total, Columbus made 4 trips to America. Named after Columbus: State in South America- Colombia Mount Cristobal Colon in Colombia. Federal District of Columbia in the USA. Columbia River in the USA and Canada. Cities in the USA Columbus and Columbia. Streets in Volgograd and Astrakhan, squares in New York and Zelenogad. thin John Vanderline. Columbus's landing in America.
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Columbus can be called the discoverer of America with reservations. Back in the Middle Ages in the territory North America There were Icelandic Vikings, but nothing was known about this outside of Scandinavia. It was Columbus's expeditions that made information about America public knowledge. First island from Bahamas was opened on October 12, 1492. Map of Columbus' four expeditions. Queen Isabella of Castile and Columbus Monument to Columbus in Bremerhaven in Germany Replica of the ship “Santa Maria”.
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Florentine traveler. There is an opinion that he received this nickname or named himself so in honor of the already named continent. As a navigator, he took part in expeditions to new lands in 1499 using Columbus's maps, and gave them the name Venezuela - Little Venice, discovered the Amazon delta and mapped 22 other objects. In 1500 -1504 he made two more journeys from Portugal to the lands of the new continent. From 1505 he served as a helmsman in the Spanish service for travel to India. According to legend, Christopher Columbus believed until the end of his days that he had discovered a new route to India. But soon the opinion spread that it was not India that had been discovered, but a new continent. One of the first supporters of this version was Amerigo Vespucci, whose name the new part of the world acquired. It is believed that the term itself “ New World” could have been proposed in 1503 by the same Vespucci, but this opinion is disputed.
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He took part in equipping Columbus's second and third expeditions and maintained friendly relations with him. According to the stories of his contemporaries, Amerigo was an exceptionally fair, intelligent and observant person. He had a talent for writing, and quite often exaggerated when talking about the nature and people of new lands, but never talk about the leaders of the expeditions and his role in these expeditions. In honor of Amerigo Vespucci they named: A three-deck training frigate, launched in February 1931 in Naples. Airport in Italian city Florence. the main street in the city of Lima, the capital of Chile. A bridge spanning the Arno River in the Italian city of Florence. A section of the Arno River embankment in Florence. AMERICUS VESPUCIUS
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Portuguese navigator, known as the first European to make a sea voyage to India. On July 8, 1497, 4 ships left Lisbon: 2 large three-masted ships “San Gabriel” (flagship ship) and “San Rafael”, a light caravel “Berriu” and a transport ship for transporting supplies. Were in disarray best cards and navigation devices. A Brazilian football club is named after it. A city in Goa is named. The most long bridge in Europe in Lisbon. The Adidas football sword model is named after the logbook on the ship. Monument to Vasco da Gamma in front of the church in Sines.
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Only 5 years before his death, Da Gamma received land holdings and the title of count. Only 2 ships returned after the expedition in September 1499. However, from a financial point of view, the expedition was unusually successful - the proceeds of goods brought from India were 60 times higher than the costs of the expedition. The padran - a stone pillar with the image of the royal coat of arms of Portugal and an inscription - was placed as a sign of the transition of the territory to the control of Portugal. Padran at the Cape of Good Hope.
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English naval sailor, explorer, cartographer, member of the Royal Society. He led three expeditions to explore the World Ocean, all around the world. Surveyed and mapped East Coast Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans. On February 14, 1779 he was killed by residents Hawaiian Islands. After military operation Some parts of Kuku's body were returned by the Aborigines and buried at sea. 1st expedition - ship “Endeavour” 2nd expedition – 2 ships “Resolution” and “Adventure” 3rd expedition – 2 ships “Resolution” and “Discovery” The strait between the islands of New Zealand is named in honor of Cook. Islands in Pacific Ocean. Mountain on the islands of New Zealand. Cooktown in Australia. A bay off the coast of Alaska. The Apollo 12 spacecraft module was named after Endeavor.
