Tver. Afanasy Nikitin Embankment
In the 12th century, a wooden fortress had already been cut down on the right bank of the Volga, and ancient Tver began to develop there, and on this site in the 13th century a monastery was founded - one of the oldest on Tver land - the Assumption Otroch Monastery. According to legend, the monastery was founded by the youth Gregory, from whom Prince Yaroslav stole his bride from under the crown. Some time after such a disaster, he heard the voice of the Mother of God, who commanded him to found a monastery in that deserted place.
The territory adjacent to the embankment west of the Otroch Monastery was inhabited from the 14th-15th centuries. (Zavolzhsky Posad), in 1773, after a major fire, it began to be built up with stone houses.
In the 1930s, the embankment was reconstructed and a river station was built. For the sake of building the station, almost all the buildings of the Assumption Otroch Monastery were destroyed. Only the Assumption Cathedral (1722) remains of its former beauty. Now it is a functioning church.
The River Station (1938) was conceived and implemented on a grand scale. Once upon a time, the Kalinin River Station received numerous ships. Now the situation has changed, and the station building is almost not used.
In the 1950s - 1960s, after the construction of the New Bridge, a new reconstruction of the embankment was carried out: the banks were partially concreted, a park was laid out, and a beach was created.
Church of the Resurrection of Christ (first third of the 18th century, with a southern aisle erected later, at the beginning of the 19th century, according to the design of K.I. Rossi), the Zubchaninovs’ house (last quarter of the 18th century), monument to Afanasy Nikitin (1955), monument to submariners (2010 g.), the square of St. Philip the Apostle and others.
The embankment is named after Afanasy Nikitin - famous traveler, author travel notes“Walking across the Three Seas,” which traveled through Persia, India and Turkey in 1468-1474. Three seas are the Khvalynskoe (Caspian), Indian ( Indian Ocean), Istanbul (Black).
He went down the Volga with the goods, but returned many years later.
Afanasy Nikitin is a very mysterious person. He is called a merchant, but for an ordinary merchant he is too educated, well-read, and developed. Merchants hardly received such an education anywhere else.
He is familiar with the intricacies of various religions, he is constantly concerned about issues of faith. “And among faiths I pray to God that he will protect me...”
He is well versed in the Christian and Muslim calendar. Is it possible for a simple merchant of the fifteenth century to have such knowledge of the starry sky? “In India of Besermen, in the great Bederi, you looked at the Great Night on the Great Day - the hair and the stake came into the dawn, and the elk stood with its head to the east.”
Volos and Cola are the Pleiades and Orion, and Elk is the Big Dipper. Moreover, note that these constellations have been familiar to him for a long time, before his travels around India. He uses their northern names, common in his Tver - hairs, kola, elk!
And he clearly doesn’t have any trading acumen. They were robbed near Astrakhan and all their goods were taken. It would seem that the end of the trading enterprise, there is nothing to trade, we must return.
But for him there is no turning back. His path is predetermined: “And I went to Derbent, and from Derbent to Baku, and from Baku I went overseas.”
Over the sea?! One? Robbed to the bone?! What should a merchant do overseas who has nothing to trade?!
And from somewhere he gets money, and a luxurious stallion, which he “fed for a year.” What is he looking for, since not a single product on the richest eastern markets suits him: “neither fabrics, nor spices, nor rare natural dyes”?
It is believed that the Tver resident was looking for secret diamond mines. Tver needed diamonds to support and strengthen the princely power. After all, there was a struggle between the Tver and Moscow princes for supremacy in the Russian lands. So the Tver prince sent his faithful man to the land of countless treasures, providing him with letters of safe conduct. Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich needs Indian diamonds to arm the Tver army in order to wage war with the Grand Duke of Moscow for the throne.
In the end, having completed his mission (successfully?), Afanasy Nikitin returned to Rus' and “before reaching Smolensk” he abruptly left for another world. And his notes were delivered to Moscow, where they were included in the chronicles “under 1475.”
This is what the Sofia Chronicle reports about this: “And he wrote the scripture with his own hand, and the notebooks were brought by Vasily Mamyrev’s guests to the clerk of the Grand Duke in Moscow,” recorded in 1475.
It’s interesting - the notes of some merchant (there were so many of them in Rus'!) were successfully and promptly confiscated, delivered, read, and even included in the chronicles. The name of such an impatient “reader” of precious records is known. This is “Vasily Mamyrev, clerk of the Great Moscow Prince Ivan III,” who was in charge of the sovereign’s treasury and secret investigation.
This is how the mission of this amazing man ended. And what especially struck me in his notes was his amazing, deep love for his Motherland:
“May God save the Russian land! God save her! There is no one like her in this world. Although the boyars of the Russian land are not kind. There is little justice in it. Let the Russian land become well-ordered!.. “Let the Russian land become well-ordered, and let there be justice in it. Oh God, God, God..."
And now the embankment in Tver bears the name of this patriot of his country.
The Afanasy Nikitin embankment begins, which until 1923 was called Zavolzhskaya, and until 1991 - Pervomaiskaya. The length of the embankment is 2.5 kilometers, then the street turns into the St. Petersburg Highway.
1.
Of course, we didn’t walk the entire embankment. Having reached the Starovolzhsky Bridge, we parked the car right on the embankment and walked a little forward, to the Resurrection Church.
2.
The Resurrection Church with a bell tower was built in 1731. It was closed in 1917 and housed a healthcare museum, as well as maritime and chess and checkers clubs. Since 1997, services have been held in the church.
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On the opposite side of the embankment, directly in front of the Church of the Resurrection, there is a monument to Afanasy Nikitin.
4.
Near the monument, photographing it from all sides - well, very good! - we went down to the Volga.
I will show you the Volga with its tributaries and some bridges separately. Only in winter, neither people nor birds need bridges; they walk along the Volga along a well-trodden path from one bank to the other.
5.
And now I’ll tell you a crime story from a native of Tver, Vera. voljena
“Have you noticed,” writes Vera, “that the building of the Zvezda cinema on the shore resembles a tractor? It was actually a project for Tajikistan, and the city of Kalinin stole it.”
Just like that! Who knows, maybe my native Leninabad lost the happiness of having such beauty in its square?! Vera, a resident of Tver, also admitted something about bridges, and I won’t hide anything from you...
6.
Let's look back once again at our relative by blood, the traveler Afanasy, and slowly walk towards the Starovolzhsky Bridge.
7.
I think it's very nice to walk here in the summer. Although it's not bad in winter...
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There Alyonushka is sitting, looking sad...
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And who is this? Is it really brother Ivanushka? No, he doesn’t look like that, he’s such a grown man.
It seemed to us that these were fountains.
12.
In 2010, a monument to submariners was unveiled in the park.
The words of the submariner, Hero of the Soviet Union M. Gadzhiev are carved on the pedestal:
“Nowhere has there ever been such equality in the face of death as in a submarine, where either everyone dies or everyone survives.” The sculptural composition is complemented by a small exhibition of submarine weapons.
Mikhail Yaroslavich embankment in Tver - perfect place for fun and entertainment.
On the embankment there are many cafes and bars under open air. There is also an amusement park with the obligatory Ferris wheel. A monument to A.S. was erected near the shore. Pushkin, which is popular among townspeople and visitors. In addition to Pushkin, there are monuments to Kalinin on the embankment, right on the site of the Transfiguration Cathedral, and to Prince Mikhail Tversky. On the territory of the park, on the embankment there are two ancient buildings: The building of the former real school, where the museum and the Traveling Imperial Palace are now located.
Afanasy Nikitin Embankment
Afanasy Nikitin Embankment is located on the left side along the Volga. It starts in the city of Tver river station. Previously, this embankment was called Zavolzhskaya (until 1923), Pervomaiskaya (from 1923 to 1991). The first information about this embankment dates back to the 17th century. Modern name it was named after the Tver traveler Afanasy Nikitin. The following attractions are located here: the river station, the Church of the Ascension of Christ, the Assumption Cathedral of the Otroch Monastery, the monument to Afanasy Nikitin and others. It is located from the River Station (the mouth of the Tvertsa River) to Artillery Lane.
Stepan Razin Embankment
On the right bank of the Volga in the center of Tver is the Stepan Razin embankment. It runs along the coast from the intersection with Volny Novgorod Street and Svobodny Lane in the western part to Smolensky Lane in the eastern part. The entire embankment is an architectural monument with buildings of the “solid facade” type with preserved buildings from the early 18th century. The project for this river bank was developed by a group of architects led by P.R. Nikitin. Stone houses that represent a single architectural ensemble typical for embankment construction northern capital, it began to be built up in the mid-1760s.
The “continuous development” project was supposed to cover the entire city, but the Tver merchants spoke out against the new architectural style. They were more accustomed to the usual city plan, when there were separating spaces and private estates between the estates of neighbors. The only place in the city where a new fashionable development was implemented was the Stepan Razin embankment.
Since 1810, the entire right bank was the pier of the Vyshnevolotsk water system, and before the appearance of the cargo port and passenger river station, the embankment was filled with ships. Later it became a pedestrian zone and a favorite place for walks and recreation for city residents. The banks were strengthened against erosion with a granite parapet. Among the most famous attractions on the embankment are the Zvezda cinema, the house of the Voroshilov Riflemen and the Khozinsky estate.
