Information about conducting excursions around the city. How to make a good excursion

Working with tourists (continued)

Always weigh what you say carefully. Use reputable sources, double-check the information several times. Even if incorrect information occurs frequently, this does not make it correct and there is no need to tell it to tourists. Preferred sources of information are scientific lectures, specialized museum publications, local history magazines, and books written by historians. Television, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet are in last place, because... unverified or distorted information prevails there.

You can read what the “excursion”, created from stories, fiction, TV shows and modern books, turns into here:
" Night excursions are one of the favorite summer entertainments for bored citizens and curious guests of the capital, which was confirmed by the sold-out crowd last night. Yours truly couldn’t help but poke his nose into this industry, grabbing a barley notebook) I highlight nonsense italics, I’m commenting offtopic. As we were leaving Sukharevskaya, the first to suffer from the guide’s imagination was the Sukharevskaya Tower that had previously stood there:

When building a story, do not forget that in the group there are people who perceive information differently: the majority, of course, are visual learners, but there are also kinesthetic and auditory learners. Therefore, when describing objects, use words that characterize not only the width and volume of the house, but also the bright color of the stained glass windows, the rustling of leaves near the house, and the unevenness of the bricks in the masonry. There are people for whom it is enough to look at the monument, and there are those who need to touch and feel it to get to know the object.

The guide only conveys information taken from trusted sources. He does not express his own opinion, much less impose it. People go to relax, to learn something new, but not to receive moral instruction or initiation into any religion. There should be no pressure or aggression in the tone of the conversation. People feel this and then the trip turns into torture, into the imposition of an opinion.

"As a professional historian, I know very well how to captivate an audience interesting stories on historical topics. For my lectures, I prepared dozens of examples so that the recorded lecture would not be too “dry” and academic, so that the listeners would be interested. There is no need to prepare lecture-level material here. It is enough to know the basic facts and tell tales on this topic, fortunately there are more than enough of them.
This is what happens abroad. Besides the fact that the general level of knowledge of guides is an order of magnitude higher than in Moscow travel agencies, no one tries to teach tourists about life, preach to them their religious views and political views. Perhaps this is due to the fact that a slightly different contingent goes on excursions there. Although I can’t say that local routes are ridden by people who have never seen anything in their lives or been abroad. But why is the level of “export” guides so much higher than the level of “homegrown” ones?
We rode back without a guide, avoiding a rather boring lecture about his religious views mixed with leavened patriotism. And I don’t envy the part of the group with whom he stayed, despite the fact that they had the opportunity to just walk around this incredible city...."

Tell the story in an interesting, expressive, exciting way:
"...we were taken on an excursion to Lomonosov. The guide spoke so boringly that I wanted to hang myself! It's just torture."
“...during the guide’s story about the defense and surrender of Odessa, the men cried (they actually wiped away their tears)”

If you are going to lead a tour of the temple, you need to obtain permission (blessing) from the priest in advance. If you receive it, do not forget that the story must be told in a relatively quiet voice, without disturbing the believers in the temple. A loud voice is inappropriate in a temple. It is also worth remembering that they do not stand with their backs to the altar or icons. You can stand sideways to them or slightly to the side, forming a triangle with the group.

The story should be interesting, comprehensive and not turn into a dry description of facts. For example, you drive past an enterprise, a TV tower, Mosfilm, botanical garden- tell us what interesting excursions there are, how you can get on them, how to get here.

“Yes, this is the problem with many storytellers and tour guides: they do not always understand that their interlocutors may be interested in the reasons for unusual (illogical) technical solutions, and not just the history of creation.”

"We went on a tour of Minsk on July 25. I liked Minsk very much, but the guide Margarita did not. The tour was not educational, just dry historical facts, dates. Margarita herself was languishing in the heat and constantly complained that she felt bad."

Speak rather slowly and with expression. The pace of speech and its delivery should be such that you want to listen, so that you can remember and comprehend what you heard. Otherwise it might look like this:

"...I was simply dumbfounded. Not only did my brain not have time to digest the information, it simply did not perceive some of it :-) The guide spoke very quickly, very self-confidently, not always coherently and things that contradict school textbooks (in particular - about the education of St. Petersburg)"

"...the guide, a young girl, a student, spoke very carefully and to the point about the city and the legends of the city. At the end of the excursion there was applause on the bus, the guide and driver were somewhat embarrassed. :) And we didn’t even want to leave them"

Summarize what you saw, summarize what was said. This will help tourists better remember and understand what they saw.

“I was convinced that a guide is still needed, because he structures what he saw and heard.”

If they try to interrupt you with a question in the middle of the story, don’t pay attention. When you finish the story, you can turn to the person and ask him to repeat his question.

If during the story something sudden happens around that distracts people's attention (for example, a wedding procession, dogs, squirrels), it is worth taking a short pause and then continuing.

When building a story, speak from the general to the specific. First, tell us where we are, what surrounds us, and then proceed to the description specific object. You cannot start the story right away with some story that happened in a certain house. People simply will not understand what kind of house we are talking about, where to look and where they are in general.

Use logical transitions. Don't jump from fact to fact. No one needs a bunch of little information. Fragmentary information is difficult to digest.

When you speak important information, give a link to the sources. Otherwise, your speech may be considered unfounded or fiction.

It is clear that after the three hundredth or thousandth time it is difficult to tell it as if it were the first time. But still, people’s opinions and the emotions they receive about the walk depend on your acting talent and inspiration.

“And most of all I remember the guides, who are included in the ticket price, and I listened to lectures from as many as three. They talk so vividly, with soul and in colors! I even started recording the last, third girl guide on a voice recorder.”

The guide is an organizer, but not a driver of people. If you work in a group all day, it would be appropriate to warn everyone before the start of the trip that at the exits you will first tell something interesting for 5-10 minutes, and then - free time. Because people are often nervous, they look at you - they worry that they won’t have time to take photos and buy souvenirs. It is important to give them time for this. Otherwise it might look like this:

“I’ve been to Kostroma once, on an excursion. I was left with a terrible impression - dog-like cold, although the rest of the boat trip was warm. The excursion was crumpled, the guide was a loud, nervous lady, she commanded a lot, told little.”

Don't keep people in one place for too long. 10 minutes is enough. Then people get distracted, worry that they won’t have time to take a photo, and in cold weather they freeze.

Don't wave your arms senselessly, watch your gestures. With your hand movements you direct the gaze of tourists, helping them not only to look, but also to see.

When interacting with people, do not wear sunglasses that are too dark. People should see your eyes, this is respect. If the sun is very bothersome, a wide-brimmed hat will help.

Depending on the position of the sun, during the story, position people so that the sun does not hit their eyes. If the weather is hot, place the group in the shade; if it is cold, on the contrary, choose a sunny place, sheltered from the wind.

If lunch is planned on the route, do not forget that the guide is the last one to sit down to eat. First, he must check all the tables - how people were seated, whether everyone has enough cutlery, what exactly was served to tourists (compare with the information from the travel agency). If you travel by bus, make sure the driver is also fed. Guides, drivers, managers dine at a separate table from tourists.

Give us the amount of information that people can absorb. There is no need to overload them with unnecessary facts, abstract topics and specific terms. Take small breaks. They are necessary for understanding and assimilation of information.

How much should a tour guide say? For example, the excursion lasts 6 hours. If this is a walk around the city, then the guide says 6 astronomical hours. If outside the city - 6 academic ones, i.e. every 45 minutes he has the right to take a break for 15 minutes. On way back The guide, as a rule, does not speak. Tourists are relaxing at this time, some are sleeping, some are sharing their impressions with a neighbor, some are listening to music.

Sometimes on excursions there are people who lack communication. They ask questions they don't need answers to. They need time and attention. If you have the opportunity, give it to them.

If a tourist expresses his point of view on the information provided and tells a lie, do not argue with him. Everyone has the right to make mistakes. Your task is to give knowledge, and to assimilate it is everyone’s personal job. Maybe he will learn it, maybe he won’t, it’s voluntary.

If you had a country bus tour and you are returning back, warn tourists in advance that the bus goes without intermediate stops to the starting point of the excursion. People should be informed about this in advance. Otherwise, when approaching the city by bus, there will be a procession of “walkers” to the driver and everyone will ask him to stop there. Such situations often make drivers nervous. After all sightseeing bus- not a taxi and the driver should not drop off groups of people here and there, slowing down, changing lanes and wasting time. The guide also monitors the travel time. At the end of the excursion, he must document the time the bus stopped when he left it last tourist. Otherwise Travel Company will overpay for the duration of the bus transfer.

At the end of the tour, remind tourists that you can answer their questions. And there are usually a lot of questions.

The guide tries to make the walk interesting, filled with reliable information. Moreover, he presents it in such a way that tourists understand and remember a lot. They gain knowledge and the opportunity for further reflection and perhaps independent reading and walking. It's great when the work of one person encourages you to find interesting things in new objects.

At the end of the excursion, be sure to sum up the results - briefly tell where you visited, what you saw. Thank your colleagues for organizing the walk and tourists for their attention. This is usually followed by applause :) Your reward for a job well done.

Introduction.

Hello, dear friends. My name is Anna. And today I am your guide. You and I have gathered today to listen to a very interesting excursion. The theme of our excursion is “Malakhov Kurgan monument - two defenses”. The route of our excursion passes through the territory of the Malakhov Kurgan, here you will see many monuments, guns, a defensive tower, the places where Nakhimov and Kornilov were fatally wounded, and the only tree that survived the Second World War. I ask you to keep up with the group, and I will answer your questions during the tour.

Well, now let's get back to the topic of our Excursion!! Malakhov Kurgan is not just historical monument, this is sacred land for every Sevastopol resident; the fate of the first defense of Sevastopol was decided here. The name of the mound, as one version explains, is associated with the name of a retired naval sailor Mikhail Malakhov, who was a highly respected man on the Ship Side, one of the first to settle at the foot of the mound. His house stood on the slope of this mound. People often came to Malakhov for advice, help, and court proceedings: he was an honest and fair man. So they said: “Let’s go to the mound, to Malakhov.” The mound gradually began to be called by his name.

The mound may not be very impressive from the outside - a hill is like a hill. Its height is only 97 meters above sea level, but the glory of the mound is great. Over the course of one hundred years, the mound twice became the scene of fierce battles.

During the defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855 Malakhov Kurgan, dominating the surrounding area, was a key position on the left flank of the defense. Here was the main bastion of the Ship side, which after the death of Vice Admiral V.A. Kornilov began to be called Kornilovsky.

Here the French troops conducted their most furious assaults. However, the enemy managed to capture the mound only after eleven months of fighting, when the defensive structures were demolished by multi-day artillery bombardments and the strength of its defenders was exhausted. The loss of the Malakhov Kurgan predetermined the outcome of the 11-month defense of the city.

During the period of defense, there were nine batteries on the Malakhov Kurgan, two of them were reproduced in 1958. They are equipped with authentic ship cannons from the Crimean War. The guns are cast from cast iron and weigh from two to seven tons. The sailors had to put a lot of effort into dragging them onto the bastions. The cannons fired solid and explosive (bomb) cannonballs. Despite the imperfection of weapons and the need of the defenders for literally everything, the two powerful imperial powers could not take Sevastopol for almost a year.

The enemy managed to launch the first assault on the city only nine months after the start of the siege, on June 6, 1855. This assault was heroically repulsed by the defenders of Sevastopol. Tells about the events of this day Panorama of the defense of Sevastopol, located on the former fourth bastion.

Many outstanding defense heroes fought on Malakhov Kurgan: admirals Nakhimov, Kornilov, Istomin, sister of mercy Dasha of Sevastopol, and sailor Koshka, a participant in many forays into the enemy’s camp. At night, brave hunters (as they were called) captured trophies, prisoners, destroyed enemy fortifications, and most importantly, it was a very powerful psychological weapon. After the Crimean War, the name "Malakhov Kurgan" became known throughout the world. In 1856, the French Marshal Pelissier, who commanded the French army in the Crimea in 1855-1856, was awarded the title "Duke of Malakhovsky". In Germany there is Fort Malakhov, a small town near Paris began to be called “Malakof”.

The mound became famous during second defense of Sevastopol. Therefore, Malakhov Kurgan - memorial Complex monuments of two wars: the Crimean and the Great Patriotic War.

Main part

Now we are at the Main Entrance to Malakhov Kurgan. Arch adorns a massive Doric portico with dates on the frieze: 1854-1855. Wide main staircase leads to the top of the mound. The staircase bifurcates and joins again to form a large lawn with a manicured lawn. From here you can see the whole of Sevastopol: the central part of the city; Vladimir Cathedral is the tomb of admirals, three of whom died here on the Malakhov Kurgan; open sea; Konstantinovskaya battery at the entrance to Sevastopol Bay; The northern side of Sevastopol, crowned with the pyramid of the Church of St. Nicholas at the Fraternal Cemetery. Now you and I will climb these stairs

Now we are on the first wide horizontal platform, on which there are two monuments. The one on the left is from the Crimean War, the one on the right is from the Great Patriotic War. Let's go to the monument which is located to the right. This monument to the pilots of the 8th Air Force, who liberated Sevastopol from the Nazis in May 1944. It was commanded by Major General Khryukin. A night bomber women's regiment under the command of Evdokia Bershanskaya fought as part of the army. The girls flew on planes with PO-2 percale wings; they flew out only at night, since the planes were imperfect and, if hit by a shell, they burned like matches. On these planes, female pilots terrified the enemy; the Nazis called them night witches. More than forty female pilots of the regiment
were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The monument is a granite rock from which a fighter plane “takes off.” One of the best fighters of World War II, the Yak-3, was used as a prototype for the memorial aircraft. The monument was built by military builders in July 1944 and restored in 1994. Next to the monument there are granite plaques, which list the flight formations and units that participated in the liberation of Sevastopol.

Now let's proceed to the left side of the site. Here is a small white marble monument , installed in 1892 abovemass grave of Russian and French soldiers . It contains the rest of the soldiers who died in the last battle on Malakhov Kurgan on August 27, 1855.

When, on the last day of the first defense, the French broke into Malakhov Kurgan, the Russians launched several counterattacks, fought selflessly, and as a result the losses were very large on both sides. Those killed in this battle were buried in the same grave. The funeral was carried out by the French, who highly appreciated the courage of their opponents.

A black stele with a black cross rises above the white pedestal. The symbolism of flowers explains the inscription on French, embossed on the back of the monument: "They were inspired by victory and united by death. Such is the glory of the brave, such is the lot of the soldier." On the front side of the monument are the words: “Monument to Russian and French soldiers who fell on Malakhov Kurgan during the defense and attack on August 27, 1855.”

During the Great Patriotic War, the monument was severely damaged and restored in 1960.

From this site, which the French soldiers nicknamed “the devil’s,” the main alley of the Malakhov Kurgan begins; its age is already approaching fifty years. The trees on this alley were planted by party, state and public figures of the USSR and foreign countries, Heroes of the Soviet Union, cosmonauts (including Yuri Gagarin). Previously, there were signs near the trees with names written on them. This alley was called Alley of Friendship.

Now let's walk along the alley. So on the left you see a powerful ship gun . This is an authentic WWII ship's cannon. The gun caliber is 130 mm, the firing range is 20 km. The second gun stood in this place (the first one was behind the trees). In October 1941, the destroyer Sovershenny was blown up by a Nazi mine. The guns were removed from it and installed on land. This is how it was created battery "Malakhov Kurgan". The guns were serviced by the sailors of the destroyer (60 people), the battery was commanded by Lieutenant Commander Matyukhin. That’s what the batteries were called - “Matyukhintsy”. The battery provided support to our units in the Mekenzi Mountains (16 km north), on the northern side of the city.

The Matyukhinites fought until last days defense On June 30, 1942, the Nazis captured Malakhov Kurgan. The forces were unequal. The survivors went to the southwest of Sevastopol and continued to fight there. Many suffered the same fate as other defenders of the city: they were captured. The guns you see were taken from the Boikiy destroyer. They are exactly the same as those on the destroyer "Perfect", and stand here as monuments to the sailors who defended Sevastopol.

Walking a little further we see unusual monument. Thismonument tree - old almond , he survived the Great Patriotic War. When Sevastopol was liberated, even the earth on the Malakhov Kurgan was burned; of course, all the greenery died, and only a small scorched almond tree survived and bloomed. There was only one living branch left on it. But every spring it is covered with white flowers, symbolizing the triumph of life over death.

Now pay attention to the center of the alley, there is a bronze relief map of the Malakhov Kurgan bastion ( architect A. Sheffer). The map shows batteries, powder magazines, shelters - everything that was here during the defense of 1854-1855. In the area of ​​the angle directed towards the enemy, the so-called outgoing one, there is a Defensive tower , in which it is now located branch of the Museum of Heroic Defense and Liberation of Sevastopol.

Let's go to the Defense Tower. This donjon tower is the only stone defensive structure on the bastion. It was built in the summer of 1854 with funds from the residents of Sevastopol according to the design of military engineer F.A. Starchenko. A tower was built from Inkerman stone. The thickness of the walls of the lower tier is 152 cm, the upper one is 88 cm. The tower had 52 loopholes on two tiers, and five eighteen-pound fortress cannons were installed on the upper platform. On the tower there is a memorial plaque with the names of the regiments and units that defended the Malakhov Kurgan during the first defense.

On October 5, 1854, during the first bombardment of Sevastopol, the upper tier of the tower was demolished by enemy shells, while the lower one served as a shelter. It housed a dressing station, a powder warehouse, a camp church and the headquarters of Rear Admiral V.I. Istomin, who commanded the fourth distance of the defensive line (which included Malakhov Kurgan). March 7, 1855 Istomin inspected the remote fortification of the Malakhov Kurgan, the so-called Kamchatka lunette (ahead behind defensive tower), where he was killed outright by an enemy cannonball that hit him in the head. This was a great loss for the defenders of Sevastopol.

To the left of the tower you can see the Anti-Assault Battery. At this place during the war, there was a frontal naval cannon of the 1803 model. Now let's go up the road behind the tower. Here you see the Battery on the glacis; there is also a marble slab installed here, marking the place where Admiral Nakhimov was mortally wounded

On June 28, 1855, Nakhimov stood on the glacis and observed the positions of the French. As always, the admiral was in uniform with gold epaulettes, presenting a good target for the French shtutsernikov (shtutser - a gun with a rifled barrel). The commander of the fourth distance, which included Malakhov Kurgan, captain of the first rank F.S. Kern (a relative of Anna Kern) asked him to go down to the shelter, Nakhimov rather sharply refused. Several bullets hit the parapet nearby, he managed to say: “They shoot quite accurately today,” when one of the bullets hit him in the left temple. No amount of medical efforts could save the admiral, and two days later, without regaining consciousness, Nakhimov died.

On this day, the whole of Sevastopol mourned. An eyewitness wrote that there was not a person in the city who would not gladly give his life for the life of the admiral. On July 1, Pavel Stepanovich was buried next to his unforgettable teacher Lazarev and his comrades who died on the Malakhov Kurgan, Kornilov and Istomin. The obituary for Nakhimov says: “Peace be to your ashes, intelligent, skillful and experienced, passionately loved his art and his subordinates, equally loved by them, always cold-blooded and courageous, kind-hearted, great in intelligence and courage, an honest, generous person!” Those who knew him closely! Admiral Nakhimov wrote: “wholly devoted to service, he did not know and had no interests outside of it.” He devoted himself entirely to naval service, did not start a family. His fellow sailors were his family, all his ambition lay in the strict fulfillment of his own. duty. “Everything here is so clearly and strongly inspired by the soul and strength of Nakhimov that it is impossible not to realize that he really personifies the present era, and it is impossible to imagine what would have happened without him...” He spent the night wherever he had to, slept without undressing, because own apartment took him to the infirmary for the wounded, and the admiral’s personal money went to help the families of the sailors. There were legends about his courage and contempt for death. The appearance of the admiral on the batteries and bastions was accompanied by a loud, enthusiastic “Hurray!” The soul of the Sevastopol defense died with Nakhimov.

Proceeding further you see the batteries of Senyavin and Emelyanov. To the right of the batteries is a monument to Kornilov, erected at the site of Kornilov’s injury (architect A. Bilderling, sculptor academician I. Schroeder). On the pedestal, the top of which represents part of the fortification, there is a figure of a mortally wounded admiral. With his right hand he points to the city, his words spoken before his death are inscribed below, sounding like a call or even an order: “Defend Sevastopol!” On the right is the figure of a sailor-artilleryman, who is given a resemblance to the famous hero-sailor P. Koshka. At the foot of the monument is a cross, laid out by order of Nakhimov by Sevastopol cabin boys from enemy cannonballs.

Admiral Kornilov was wounded on the day of the first bombardment of Sevastopol, October 5, 1854, at about 11 o'clock. Kornilov arrived at the Malakhov Kurgan, inspected the tower, fortifications and headed towards the horse to continue the inspection, but then an enemy cannonball crushed his left leg at the groin. On the same day at half past four, Vice Admiral Kornilov died. When the defense began, Kornilov was the chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet. He led the defense, being an excellent organizer, and did a lot for the construction of defensive fortifications and for the organization of defense in general. Despite the fact that Kornilov died at the very beginning of the defense, his merits were great, and the loss for Sevastopol was very great.

The words of the dying Kornilov, inscribed on the pedestal, infuriated the fascist occupiers, who paid a terrible price for the capture of Sevastopol. Therefore, they destroyed the monument: the bronze was taken away and the pedestal was blown up. The monument was restored for the 200th anniversary of Sevastopol. The basis was taken from the original version of the monument, a model of which is kept in the Naval Museum of St. Petersburg. Malakhov Kurgan is the place of heroism of hundreds, thousands of defenders of the city. Let us note that among those who fought on the Malakhov Kurgan was the father of the “red lieutenant” Peter Schmidt - P.P. Schmidt, who commanded the anti-assault battery, and together with the famous N.I. Pirogov and professor of Kyiv University X.Ya. Gübbenet fought for the lives of the wounded and Schmidt’s mother E.Ya. Wagner.

Conclusion

So, our excursion has come to an end. Thanks everyone for your attention. You are very good listeners. I'm ready to answer your questions.

Creating a new interesting excursion- it’s not an easy matter. The planned event should be divided into two equal stages - preparation and conduct of the excursion.

To develop new excursion route you need to decide on the purpose of the excursion, the type (in terms of content - sightseeing, thematic; according to the method of transportation - walking, bus) and objects of display. The text of the excursion, its duration and richness of facts will depend on this. This should not be done by one person, but by a creative group, which should include from three to seven people.

First steps to planning an excursion

When objects are selected, we begin collecting information on each of them and compile the most convenient route transitions (moving, etc.). Now, from a large amount of information on objects, you need to compose a tour text for each of them and a card of the object. Such a card is an indispensable part of a guide’s portfolio; it contains brief information about the object and possibly a photograph of it.

After excursion texts for objects have been written, it is easier to create an interesting and concise excursion text and connect the parts with competent transitions.

After preparing the materials, it is done methodological development excursions are a document describing the excursion and its main parameters. The manual includes a topic, a map of the route, its length, type of excursion, safety rules, purpose, tasks and time. It also includes a table - a plan for the excursion:

• route;
• display object;
• stop;
• time in minutes;
• listing of main issues, names of subtopics;
• organizational guidelines;
• methodological instructions (logical transitions).

After this, the manual must be certified by management; it serves as confirmation of the quality of the excursion.

Tour guide's briefcase

Before conducting a tour, you need to collect a “guide briefcase”. This is the professional name for a set of visual aids to simplify the excursion. These can be reproductions of paintings, photographs of people who are related to this topic, maps depicting enterprises or military operations, geographic Maps, geological samples, product samples, tape recordings and other materials that help inform the excursion.

Material requirements

The criteria for selecting visual material are low: preservation, unusualness, expressiveness, need for display and educational value. These are the main qualities of these criteria. It is very important to have good materials on objects that have not survived to this day or have been greatly modified. This will make the material easier to understand. It is worth considering that reproductions, maps and photographs must be on a cardboard base, the image must be clear with a size of at least 18*24, preferably 24*30 cm.

Now that all the material is ready, let's figure out how to conduct a tour correctly. Typically, each guide has his own technique for conducting an excursion, based on personal experience and observations. But the methodology for conducting an excursion is a whole system of requirements and tasks, methods of telling and showing. All this is necessary to achieve maximum digestibility of the material. A well-developed methodology is a kind of list of rules for a guide when conducting a specific excursion. But it is worth paying attention to the fact that the methods of conducting the excursion should differ slightly depending on the age characteristics of the group and the interest of the excursionists.

For school-age children, it is better not to overload the text with facts; it will be more interesting for them to see visual material and hear interesting legend or history. It is also worth preparing for questions; children receive a lot of them. It is important to be able to hold the attention of schoolchildren on excursion trips. To do this, you need to ask questions: “Do you know?”; “Have you heard about...?”; “Do you like...?” etc. In this case, the guide has a dialogue with the excursionists, and this way you can keep your attention quite for a long time.

Older generation tourists, as a rule, behave quietly and calmly, and it is quite difficult to understand whether they are interested in the story or not. In the event that these are not professors and scientists, it is advisable not to overload the text of the excursion with a large number of dates and numbers. Always allow time for photographing, just five to seven minutes will be enough.

Guide techniques

There are generally accepted methods for conducting excursions, they include techniques of telling and showing. Display techniques make it possible to draw the attention of tourists to the most important details, to evaluate the general appearance of the object and its combination with environment. Narrative techniques, in turn, help to recreate a more accurate picture of events in the imagination of tourists. Key words: “Imagine...”, “It’s been... a year...”, etc.

Safety regulations

But in addition to interesting material and a pleasant guide, the event must be safe.

Safety when conducting excursions, especially walking ones, is very important. Basic rules of safety and behavior on the route can be read in the methodological development of the excursion. But the guide is obliged to notify the group about safety precautions immediately before the excursion. Tell us about all the nuances of the route. The most banal phrases about not sticking your head out the window of a bus and jumping while it’s moving must be heard. Since the guide takes responsibility for the group during the excursion, it is his task to talk about safety rules.

What should tourists be warned about?

Particular attention should be paid to road intersections and transitions (rope bridges, caves, tunnels, etc.). If the excursion is conducted outdoors, you should be warned about fire safety rules. It is also necessary to talk about the fact that you should not try mushrooms, touch various insects and animals with your hands, drink water from open reservoirs and walk barefoot.

It is worth taking care of household items local population and the surrounding nature at the excursion site. In addition, persons who have undergone preliminary instruction and medical examination, as well as people who do not have health-related contraindications, should be allowed on excursions.

Introduction……………………………………………………………..3

1. Subject and ideas of the excursion methodology.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion methods……5

1.2. Methodology for preparing excursions………………...8

2. Classification of methodological techniques.

2.1 Classification of methodological techniques………….14

2.2 Methodological techniques for display……………….…...17

2.3 Methodological techniques of the story………………….25

3. Special methodological techniques.

3.1.Technique for demonstrating a visual aid………35

3.2 Mastery of methodological techniques by the guide………………………………………………………..39

4. Techniques for conducting excursions.

4.1 Technique for conducting excursions………………………42

Conclusion……………………………………………………………..51

Bibliography……………..……………….…52

Introduction.

Methodology in the broad sense of the word is a set of ways to expediently carry out this or that work, solve a problem, achieve a goal, and in a narrower sense it is a set of specific methodological techniques for conducting lectures, conversations, excursions on a certain topic and for a certain group.

The methodology is divided into general and specific.

An excursion is a methodically thought-out display of places of interest, historical and cultural monuments, a display based on an analysis of the objects in front of the sightseers, as well as the events associated with them.

The guide is not indifferent to what the tourist sees, how he will understand and perceive what he saw and heard.

The guide, with his explanations, leads tourists to the necessary conclusions, and the effectiveness of the excursion depends on this.

It follows from this that the essence of an excursion can be defined as follows: a visual process of cognition of the surrounding world, a process built on pre-selected objects located in natural conditions or located in the halls of museums, exhibitions, workshops of a sculptor, artist, etc.

The excursion technique is a private technique, since it is associated with the process of disseminating knowledge based on one form of work. An excursion methodology is a set of requirements and rules for an excursion, as well as the sum of methodological techniques for preparing and conducting excursions of different types, on different topics and for different groups of people.

The excursion work methodology answers the following questions:

1. Why is the excursion prepared and conducted (goal, objectives)?

2. What issues are covered during the excursion (what is its content devoted to)?

3. How to conduct a tour (methodological techniques)?

The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts:

Methods for developing a new topic for this bureau;

Methods for the guide to develop a topic that is new to him, but has already been developed in this bureau;

Methods of preparing a guide for conducting the next excursion;

Methods of conducting an excursion;

Methods after excursion work.

1. Subject and types of excursion techniques.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion techniques.

The method of conducting an excursion is a set of techniques used when conducting an excursion, which are designed to find a way to more easily and effectively achieve the purpose of the excursion, to help tourists more easily and more firmly grasp the content of the excursion.

Methodological techniques for conducting excursions are divided into general, personal and individual. General techniques are the basis for conducting any excursion, regardless of its theme, composition, excursion group. Personal, in the end, are those techniques that are used in excursions of a certain type (industrial, museum, natural history, transport, walking), or in excursions conducted for a specific purpose. people are used to expressing themselves to the excursion audience (kids, youth, adults). It is no secret that personal methods, focusing on the main requirements of the excursion methodology, develop and specify more effective methods for conducting excursions of this type. Everyone knows that in the end, individual techniques are, as we always say, unique methods of observing a single object or telling a story about it, for example, showing a building standing on the shore of a reservoir, which on a fine summer day is finally reflected on its surface. And there is no need to even say that such techniques are usually the intellectual property of the first tour guide and are not, finally, used by everyone who, therefore, conducts such excursions. Indeed, isolated techniques also include those whose implementation is limited to a certain time of year or day.

The excursion methodology is considered in several aspects: as the basis for the professional skills of guides; as a mechanism that improves the “feed” of material; as a process of streamlining the activities of a guide. The technique helps tourists see, remember and understand much more than in a lecture covering the same topic. This happens because the lecturer’s methodology is largely based on various kinds of messages and descriptions, the lecture story is conducted in isolation from the objects of description. The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts: - methods for developing a topic new for a given bureau; - methods for the guide to develop a topic that is new to him, but already developed in this bureau; - methods for preparing the guide for the next excursion; - methods of conducting an excursion; - methods of post-excursion work.

Aspects of the excursion methodology: the basis of the professional skills of the guide, the mechanism for presenting material, the process of streamlining the activities of the guide during the preparation and conduct of the excursion.

The excursion technique is associated with such concepts as story and show. To the question about the relationship between showing and telling on an excursion, the methodology gives a clear answer: from showing to telling. You should start with a show, with visual or other (tactile, olfactory) impressions, and then introduce a story. The technique takes into account the ability of an object to attract attention and uses various means of enhancing the attention of tourists.

Another objective of the methodology is to suggest the most effective use of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion. The excursion methodology takes into account the issues of emotional impact on tourists.

The subject of excursion methodology is the purposeful study, systematization, formulation, explanation and practical application of means and methods of education and training, as well as methodological techniques with the help of which employees of excursion institutions carry out their activities. The excursion methodology summarizes the experience of conducting excursions, develops and offers methodological techniques that have proven themselves in practice and ensure the highest efficiency in the disclosure and perception of the topic.

1.2 Methodology for preparing excursions.

The development of the excursion is carried out by a creative group consisting of 3-10 people, depending on the complexity of the topic. Each participant works on one of the sections or one of subtopics excursions. The head of the creative team combines and edits the prepared material.

Preparation is divided into two stages:

Preliminary - selection and study of factual materials (i.e. the process of initial accumulation of knowledge on a given topic), carried out by a creative group, selection of objects on which the excursion will be based;

Direct - drawing up an excursion route, processing factual material.

In addition, work is being done on the structure of the methodological development: introduction, main part, conclusion; a control text is compiled, the methodological conduct of the excursion is analyzed (determining the most appropriate methodological techniques of showing and telling specifically for this or that part of the excursion), a “guide’s portfolio” is formed, and an individual text is prepared. The methodological development is a condensed plan, a document that determines how to conduct a given excursion, in what sequence to organize the display of monuments, what methodology is advisable to use for an effective excursion. Here the guide should find advice on the sequence in which to show and tell, what materials from the “guide’s portfolio” and when it is best to demonstrate. Methodological development is compiled for each topic of the excursion.

Methodological development is a mandatory document, without which an excursion on this topic cannot be carried out.

A mandatory document is also an individual text, which gives the guide the right to conduct a tour on this topic. A properly compiled methodological development helps the guide to more fully reveal the topic.

Tripster changed my life. This site allowed me to throw away the prepared stack of resumes and do something that has been bringing joy, pleasant amounts of money and an incredible number of interesting people into my everyday life for a whole year now. And all this in a mode convenient for me, and not five days a week from nine to six.

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The best audience comes to us from Tripster- smart, educated, curious, open to everything new people, with whom it is a great pleasure to work. We are on tourist market 5 years, and we have something to compare with Of all imaginable partners, Tripster is by far the best. The work of the support service is incredibly professional; these amazing people are ready to personally deal with any problem that arises, help with advice and simply support. And another extremely important point for us is fantastic marketing. With such competition, is it possible for guides who have been working for a long time and have received a huge number of excellent reviews to break into the “stars”? We can say with complete confidence that this is possible. Everyone, everyone, everyone who in one way or another puts effort into this wonderful project! You are crazy beautiful!

The service is very convenient. You can negotiate with the traveler directly, without intermediaries, and resolve issues on shore. An excellent commission-booking system; it is much nicer to think that the guide himself does not pay anything to the site for accommodation, since this is the price of booking by the traveler and at the same time a guarantee that the excursion will take place. Notifications arrive on time, it is possible to mark busy days and hours in the calendar, a convenient interface, and communication with mail. Support will always help resolve issues. In general, the best service for guides: there are many opportunities for creativity and creating new excursions. Thank you very much to the entire Tripster team for their work!

During the six months of working with Tripster, I made many friends, visiting my favorite city. Namely friends, because every traveler, coming to a meeting, is determined to get to know, first of all, not a historical object or museum exhibits, but namely interesting person, capable of expanding the range of his knowledge in a particular area.

And the best way to make new friends who can appreciate your knowledge and hospitality is the Tripster service. This is a professional team, always ready to help you with any questions regarding the organization of a particular excursion. The main thing is your idea! Offer travelers exactly what you know best and what you love to do, and the results will not be long in coming. I began receiving orders for my excursions from the first days of posting on the service. Come up with your own original route or entertainment in your hometown. I wish you success in our common interesting and exciting business!