The population of Lenin Crimea. Detailed lenino crimea satellite map
Lenino is an urban-type settlement. At the first cursory acquaintance, I want to say the hackneyed: "... like many other villages." And when you walk through the streets, talk to people, some kind of originality opens up, something peculiar only to this place.The village itself is not so old: the emergence of the settlement was associated with the construction of the Vladislavovka-Kerch railway line at the end of the 19th century. However, people lived here much earlier: traces of the first local settlements date back to the Bronze Age.
Inhabitants small village, which arose near the station, served the railway, as it was originally intended.
In 1913, only eighty people lived here.
The people did not particularly strive for these places: it was bad with drinking water. For the needs of the locomotive economy, the Kurpensky pond was dug nearby and a water pump was built. Drinking water was brought in tanks from the Oysul station (now Astanino), twelve miles away. Sometimes, by agreement with the German colonists, it was delivered in barrels from a nearby village. Often, especially in the summer heat, people were thirsty. At that time, a legend was born among the people about the owner of seven wells - a rich man who forbade people to take water for free. He was so cruel that he beat and pushed the traveler exhausted from thirst out of the gate. Dying, the unfortunate uttered a terrible curse. Since then, there has been no water in the wells. The people were angry, and the rich man was forced to flee from these places.
Now the name Seven Wells remains behind the railway station, which is actually located within the village limits. But Lenino has grown, and its residents, in addition to servicing the station, are engaged in agriculture and work at small industrial enterprises in the area.
Lenino is not just an urban-type settlement, it is also a regional center. Leninsky district is quite large: it occupies more than eleven percent of the entire territory of Crimea and includes sixty-eight settlements. Almost sixty-four thousand people live here.
It is clear that Vladimir Ilyich had nothing to do with these places. Then it was customary to call settlements, streets after the leader.
“Our village was the first in the Crimea to take the name of Lenin - this happened in May 1921, Lenin was still alive,” says Nikolai Rak, director of the Leninsky District Museum.
Museum, of course, is a big word for a rather small room, which is already in need of repair and is completely lined with all sorts of exhibits, so that you can get to the windows with great difficulty: it is very crowded. But, as it turned out, the museum has already been allocated another one - a spacious, two-story building. Now there is "very little" left - to make repairs there, create a new exposition and transport all the exhibits from the old building. Nikolai Anatolyevich is a connoisseur of the history of his area: just hit on some topic, and, as if from a cornucopia, a flow of information.
- Why is the neighboring street named after Pushkin?
- So Alexander Sergeevich was in these places.
In my astonished incredulous look, the answer is ready:
- Not far from the current village there was a post station where horses were changed. Of course, the poet was simply forced to stop here. By the way, Stalin also passed by our station. It was in 1945, the event is associated with the Yalta Conference. Yes, what only celebrities have not seen our land! During the Great Patriotic War, Konstantin Simonov visited this place more than once.
In 1965, cosmonauts came to us: Vladimir Komarov, German Titov, Valery Bykovsky, Andriyan Nikolaev. Later, Pavel Popovich came to rest, so not far from Semyonovka there is Cosmonauts Bay. We also remember a creative meeting with the poet Lev Oshanin.
- Nikolai Anatolyevich, which of your fellow countrymen are you proud of?
There are war heroes. The well-known underground worker Astanin was captured by the Nazis and shot in the Bagerovsky ditch. Few people know that our countryman Surov, a tanker, was one of the first to break into Berlin. There are labor heroes. Our old people still remember Parelsky, secretary of the district committee of the party. Many are now ironic about the communists.
But in vain. This man literally burned out at work, but he got the hardest time - the post-war years. And one more circumstance - from the age of sixteen Parelsky did not have a leg. This was a heroic man. He introduced a system of water conduits in the area, actively planted trees, and built. He was energetic and assertive.
The past of the village is impressive. Here is a small station for you, which will flash past the windows of the car and be forgotten. The past, frankly, is heroic. What about the real one?
On the second floor of the district state administration building there is an exhibition and sale of baked goods. It turns out that a meeting was held in the conference room dedicated to preparations for the holiday season. There are forty-one health resorts on the territory of the Leninsky district. True, these are mainly rest houses and boarding houses, pretentious sanatoriums and expensive hotels there is no.
Remembering the unique healing properties of mud (they are analogous to the well-known mud of Lake Saki, differing from them in higher mineralization and less clogging with specific mud crystals), which are almost never used now, she sighed heavily. If only these healing muds could be used for the development of resorts. But this is a separate issue.
In the meantime, a pleasant-looking woman tried to distract me from sad thoughts. It turned out to be Irina Kolomiets, the master of industrial training at the school for the sphere of public services. I did not have time to look back, as I already met and photographed her wards, who, in starched clothes, demonstrated ruddy pies. Irina Nikolaevna managed to talk about the recently created multidisciplinary school in just a few minutes. In addition to cooks, tractor drivers, mechanics, drivers, and electricians are trained here. Unfortunately, the school is the only one here.
Today, the Leninsky district is mainly agricultural. Here they grow wheat, oats, barley, rapeseed and vegetables, mainly root crops. Industrial production, unlike most other regions, is also represented by oil and gas production, wind energy is being developed in the region, and there is a tendency to expand the network of windmills. The problems in the region are the same as everywhere else: the lack of a sufficient number of jobs, low level income of the population, youth unemployment.
But there is something good, how not to be? More recently, in three villages of the region - Ostanino, Gornostaevka and Zavetnoye - through international assistance, representatives of the Swiss Bureau "Cooperation" repaired about ten kilometers of the water pipeline. Since 2007, the medical program "Health of mother and child" has been operating in the district, the ultimate goal of which is to reduce the percentage of infant mortality. Last year, seminars, trainings and advanced training courses for medical workers were held at the expense of this program, and new equipment will be purchased this year.
Already leaving Lenino, I went up to the taxi drivers clustering at the bus station. This is not a timid people. He will say his word. When asked what significant positive events have recently taken place in Lenino and what is wrong with you, the most nimble
Coordinates : 45°17′51″ N. sh. 35°46′26″ E d. / 45.29750° N sh. 35.77389° E d. / 45.29750; 35.77389(G) (I)Zhuravsky Mikhail Mikhailovich
Republic of Crimea: RUS 82
AR Crimea: AK, KK / 01
Lenino |
Lenino(until 1957 Seven Wells; Ukrainian Lenina, Crimean-Tat. Yedi Quyu, Yedi Quyu) is an urban-type settlement in the east of Crimea, in the western part of the Kerch Peninsula. The center of the Leninsky district of Crimea and the Leninsky rural settlement (Leninsky possovet).
The village is located on the railway Dzhankoy - Kerch (station Seven Wells).
Story
The formation of the village is associated with the construction on the Kerch Peninsula at the end of the 19th century of the station of the Kerch strip of the Kursk-Kharkov-Sevastopol railway. The lack of water made it impossible for the settlement to develop. Until March 22, 1921, 34 residents lived at the Seven Kolodezey station.
Population
| Population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 | 1989 | 2001 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
| 7732 | ↗ 8681 | ↘ 8617 | ↘ 7964 | ↘ 7926 | ↗ 7936 | ↘ 7910 |
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |||
| ↘ 7881 | ↘ 7875 | ↘ 7871 | ↘ 7747 |
2001 - 63.9% Russians, 19.3% Ukrainians, 12.5% Crimean Tatars
Economy
The main enterprises of the village are a feed mill (does not work), a winery (does not work, is destroyed), a grain-receiving enterprise, Neftebaza JSC (does not work), the Administration of the North Crimean Canal, OATP "Mobile mechanized column 128", which serves the channel of the North- Crimean Canal (does not work - disbanded), State Enterprise "Rayselhozkhimiya" (does not work), JSC "Raypost", bakery, bakery (does not work), STK OSOU (DOSAAF), District Road Repair Department, printing house, OATP plant "Metalist" (equipment repair), ATP-14339, Gosleskhoz, gas cylinder station, Leninsky incubator LLC, Chernomorneftegaz State Unitary Enterprise of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Leninsky interdistrict water management department.
Social sphere
There are two secondary schools, a vocational school, a library, a music school, a youth sports school, a sports and technical club OSOU, a regional House of Culture, a literary association "Siringa" in the village; district hospital, hotel "Vostok". There is a Museum of the history of the area, a hotel, a bank branch. Active Orthodox Church, mosque.
monuments
On the territory of the village there is a memorial sign to the fallen fellow villagers, soldiers, partisans, underground workers, civilians, as well as a memorial sign to the soldiers-internationalists who died in the Afghan war, and a monument to Lenin.
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Notes
- This settlement is located on the territory of the Crimean peninsula, most of which is the object of territorial disputes between Russia and Ukraine. According to the Russian Federation, which actually controls Crimea, the subjects of the federation of the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol are located on its territory. According to the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city with a special status of Sevastopol, which are part of Ukraine, are located on the territory of Crimea.
- According to the administrative-territorial division of Russia
- According to the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine
- Within the administrative division of the Republic of Crimea
- Within the administrative division of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
- www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2016/bul_dr/mun_obr2016.rar Population Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- . Ministry of Communications of Russia. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
- . Krymtelecom. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
- . Retrieved November 17, 2014. .
- . Retrieved September 1, 2014. .
- . Retrieved September 1, 2014. .
- . Retrieved September 6, 2015. .
- . Retrieved August 6, 2015. .
Literature
- // Cities and villages of Ukraine. Autonomous Republic of Crimea. City of Sevastopol. Historical and local history essays. - Glory of Sevastopol, 2009.
- / ed. G. N. Grzhibovskaya. - Simferopol: Tavria-Plus, 1999.
Links
- (ukr.) . Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
An excerpt characterizing Lenino (Crimea)
“Yes, I knew this for a long time, but I forgot that, apart from baseness, deceit, envy, intrigues, except ingratitude, the blackest ingratitude, I could not expect anything in this house ...Do you or don't you know where this will is? asked Prince Vasily with even more twitching of his cheeks than before.
- Yes, I was stupid, I still believed in people and loved them and sacrificed myself. And only those who are vile and vile have time. I know whose intrigues it is.
The princess wanted to get up, but the prince held her by the hand. The princess had the appearance of a man suddenly disillusioned with the whole human race; she glared angrily at her interlocutor.
“There is still time, my friend. You remember, Katish, that all this happened by accident, in a moment of anger, illness, and then forgotten. Our duty, my dear, is to correct his mistake, to ease his last moments by preventing him from committing this injustice, not letting him die thinking that he made those people unhappy ...
“Those people who sacrificed everything for him,” the princess picked up, trying to get up again, but the prince did not let her in, “which he never knew how to appreciate. No, mon cousin,” she added with a sigh, “I will remember that in this world no reward can be expected, that in this world there is neither honor nor justice. In this world, one must be cunning and evil.
- Well, voyons, [listen,] calm down; I know your beautiful heart.
No, I have a bad heart.
“I know your heart,” the prince repeated, “I appreciate your friendship and would like you to have the same opinion about me.” Calm down and parlons raison, [let's talk plainly,] while there is time - maybe a day, maybe an hour; tell me everything you know about the will, and, most importantly, where it is: you must know. We'll take it now and show it to the count. He probably forgot about him already and wants to destroy him. You understand that my one desire is to sacredly fulfill his will; I then just came here. I'm only here to help him and you.
“Now I understand everything. I know whose intrigues it is. I know, - said the princess.
“That is not the point, my soul.
- This is your protegee, [favorite,] your dear Princess Drubetskaya, Anna Mikhailovna, whom I would not want to have a maid, this vile, vile woman.
– Ne perdons point de temps. [Let's not waste time.]
- Oh, don't talk! Last winter she rubbed herself in here and said such nasty things, such nasty things to the count about all of us, especially Sophie - I can’t repeat it - that the count became ill and did not want to see us for two weeks. At this time, I know that he wrote this nasty, vile paper; but I thought this paper meant nothing.
– Nous y voila, [That's the point.] Why didn't you tell me before?
“In the mosaic briefcase he keeps under his pillow. Now I know,” said the princess, without answering. “Yes, if there is a sin for me, a big sin, then it is hatred for this bastard,” the princess almost shouted, completely changed. “And why is she rubbing herself here?” But I will tell her everything, everything. The time will come!
While such conversations were taking place in the reception room and in the princess's rooms, the carriage with Pierre (who was sent for) and Anna Mikhailovna (who found it necessary to go with him) drove into the courtyard of Count Bezukhoy. When the wheels of the carriage sounded softly on the straw laid under the windows, Anna Mikhailovna, turning to her companion with comforting words, convinced herself that he was sleeping in the corner of the carriage, and woke him up. Waking up, Pierre got out of the carriage after Anna Mikhailovna, and then only thought of that meeting with his dying father that awaited him. He noticed that they did not drive up to the front, but to the back entrance. While he was getting off the footboard, two men in bourgeois clothes hurriedly ran away from the entrance into the shadow of the wall. Pausing, Pierre saw in the shadow of the house on both sides several more of the same people. But neither Anna Mikhailovna, nor the footman, nor the coachman, who could not but see these people, paid no attention to them. Therefore, this is so necessary, Pierre decided with himself, and followed Anna Mikhailovna. Anna Mikhailovna with hasty steps walked up the dimly lit narrow stone stairs, calling Pierre, who was lagging behind her, who, although he did not understand why he had to go to the count at all, and still less why he had to go along the back stairs, but , judging by the confidence and haste of Anna Mikhailovna, he decided to himself that this was necessary. Halfway down the stairs they were almost knocked down by some people with buckets, who, clattering with their boots, ran towards them. These people pressed against the wall to let Pierre and Anna Mikhailovna through, and did not show the slightest surprise at the sight of them.
- Are there half princesses here? Anna Mikhailovna asked one of them...
“Here,” the footman answered in a bold, loud voice, as if everything was already possible now, “the door is on the left, mother.”
“Perhaps the count did not call me,” said Pierre, while he went out onto the platform, “I would have gone to my place.
Anna Mikhailovna stopped to catch up with Pierre.
Ah, mon ami! - she said with the same gesture as in the morning with her son, touching his hand: - croyez, que je souffre autant, que vous, mais soyez homme. [Believe me, I suffer no less than you, but be a man.]
- Right, I'll go? asked Pierre, looking affectionately through his spectacles at Anna Mikhailovna.
- Ah, mon ami, oubliez les torts qu "on a pu avoir envers vous, pensez que c" est votre pere ... peut etre a l "agonie." She sighed. - Je vous ai tout de suite aime comme mon fils. Fiez vous a moi, Pierre. Je n "oublirai pas vos interets. [Forget, my friend, what was wrong against you. Remember that this is your father... Maybe in agony. I immediately fell in love with you like a son. Trust me, Pierre. I will not forget your interests.]
Pierre did not understand; again it seemed to him even more strongly that all this must be so, and he obediently followed Anna Mikhaylovna, who had already opened the door.
The door opened into the back entrance. In the corner sat an old servant of the princesses and knitted a stocking. Pierre had never been in this half, did not even imagine the existence of such chambers. Anna Mikhailovna asked the girl who overtook them, with a decanter on a tray (calling her sweetheart and dove) about the health of the princesses and dragged Pierre further along the stone corridor. From the corridor, the first door to the left led to the living rooms of the princesses. The maid, with the decanter, in a hurry (as everything was done in a hurry at that moment in this house) did not close the door, and Pierre and Anna Mikhailovna, passing by, involuntarily looked into the room where, talking, the elder princess and Prince Vasily. Seeing the passersby, Prince Vasily made an impatient movement and leaned back; the princess jumped up and with a desperate gesture slammed the door with all her might, shutting it.
This gesture was so unlike the princess’s usual calmness, the fear expressed on the face of Prince Vasily was so unusual for his importance that Pierre, stopping, inquiringly, through his glasses, looked at his leader.
Anna Mikhailovna did not express surprise, she only smiled slightly and sighed, as if to show that she had expected all this.
- Soyez homme, mon ami, c "est moi qui veillerai a vos interets, [Be a man, my friend, I will look after your interests.] - she said in response to his look and went even faster down the corridor.
The village of Lenino began to develop relatively recently, in the twenties only 34 people lived here. But now it is a good resort area, promising and developed. It is very calm and peaceful here. Some tourists visit Lenino passing through, and someone stops here for a while and travels in search of sights in the surroundings, because transport infrastructure well-established enough to go to several settlements of the Crimea at once. From the article you will learn everything about the rest in Lenino, Crimea in 2019 - what the village itself and its environs can give you.
Brief historical background
Of course, the territory of Crimea has been inhabited since ancient times, but the history of the village of Lenino is not at all distant. At the end of the 19th century, the infrastructure in the region developed, and a railway station was built here. It was called Seven Wells. There were very few inhabitants, several factories and secondary school. During the Great Patriotic War, heroes of underground groups were active here.
In the middle of the 20th century, a settlement grew up here, which was called Lenino. First locality was Soviet, then Ukrainian, and now, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, it is part of our country. With the development of tourism in the Crimea, the infrastructure of the village is also slowly developing.
Brief geographic reference and climate
Lenino is located in the west of the Kerch Peninsula, is a regional center. The climate of this cozy place can be attributed to the subtropical type. In summer, when the season begins in Crimea, the temperature is moderate, only 26 degrees, the humidity is low. The weather pleases with sunny days with almost no precipitation.
Lenino on the map
Planning a trip to Lenino: transport and accommodation
How to get there?
Getting from to Lenino means at least a couple of transfers. If you choose a plane before, the ticket price will be about 5,500 rubles one way. Buses run from Simferopol to Lenino. But the easiest way to get from Moscow to the city - this can be done, for example, by purchasing a single ticket to the Crimea from the railway workers. And from Kerch to Lenino it is already much easier: there is an electric train, there is a bus, you can get there by car. Fare for public transport will be about 100 rubles.
Where to stay?
At present, the hotel infrastructure in Lenino is practically not developed: this village is just beginning to slowly develop as a place for summer holidays. Neighboring Shchelkino and Mysovoye, for example, are already more developed. However, who said that vacations are necessarily hotels? There are many people who will like the economical option of accommodation in the private sector, and there are similar offers in the village.
Rest in Lenino: attractions and entertainment in the vicinity
It should be noted right away that getting to the sea from the village itself will take about half an hour by bus. As a rule, they go to the beach from here either to or to Semenovka - they are located about 10 kilometers from Lenino. Therefore, many tourists stay here only for a while. The sea and the beach are really good - sand, a convenient entrance to the water, but you have to get to the sea.
Of course, in the vicinity of the village you can arrange a "savage vacation", but if you still went to the village itself or it is an intermediate point of your route in Crimea, you should know that from here you can go to some attractions in the vicinity.
The village of Lenino is the center of the Leninsky district, of the sights in it there is only the Church of John of Kronstadt and several monuments to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War, but the nearest settlements are famous for interesting places.
Mud volcano Jau-Tepe
The mud volcano is located in the village of Vulkanovka. Jau-Tepe is translated as "hostile mountain". It once destroyed many settlements during an eruption. In the last century, it was the strongest, the inhabitants watched an impressive spectacle - throwing mud at a height of 60 meters. For more than half a century, the volcano has not shown signs of life, it is sleeping, but who knows what can happen to it. Now lovers of natural beauty flock to this place: after all, seeing a volcano, even if it is sleeping, is worthy of the time spent.
Opuk Nature Reserve
This reserve was created relatively recently, in the 90s of the last century. To get to it from Lenino is only an hour and a half by car, which means you can go there for the whole day. The reserve includes the mountain and Cape Opuk. It is interesting to look at the islands called Ship Rocks, which are located a few kilometers from the coast, right in the sea, and have an unusual shape. But the most interesting thing in the reserve is the unique Koyashskoye Lake.
Lake Koyashskoye is an amazing body of water that looks like a large pink or red (depending on the weather) puddle. Seeing it in the photo, you might think that it is just the result of work in Photoshop. But this heavenly picturesque corner really exists. Such an unnatural color for water was formed due to its inhabitants: microscopic algae, crustaceans. The lake is the most salty in all Crimea. The brighter the sun, the brighter its color, and the water and mud from the lake is used for medicinal purposes.
Ak-Monai positions
They are located near the village of Kamenskoye. Ak-Monai positions are defensive fortifications, the roots of which go deep into history. This kilometer-long stone building was built back in the 1920s and was actively used during the Great Patriotic War as a defensive post. A monument was erected nearby, all the events that took place here are written on it.
The ancient settlement of Heraclius
It is located near Kerch. Here you can see the remains of the walls of buildings, attractive abandoned paths, picturesque bays. Ancient ruins attract the attention of archaeologists and just lovers of the mysteries of history. The place looks a little scary, but still continues to attract with its mystery. In spring and summer, some unusual animals can be seen here, such as shelducks and shelducks.
Cape Kazantip
The cape is located near Shchelkino, that is, you can get out at the same time both to the sea and to natural beauties. He is natural monument: covered with steppe vegetation, surrounded by limestone rocks. Near the cape you can see those who are fond of windsurfing and kitesurfing.
Factory
From Lenino, one can quite easily get to the village of Zavodskoye, in which the tourism infrastructure. In the village you can admire the Arabat Bay, Red Kut Cape. In particular, a trip to Zavodskoye will appeal to those who love fishing: these places are famous among anglers, and therefore you can rent everything you need here and get a great catch.
Golden Gate and Koktebel
The Golden Gate is a stunning natural landmark of the Crimea. You can get to it if you go to Koktebel, regular bus routes follow from Lenino. The Golden Gate is a rock that literally broke away from the Kara-Dag massif and is in the sea, gradually going deeper and deeper. And in Koktebel it is worth looking at the Kara-Dag volcano itself, enjoying the creative atmosphere that has been preserved in this settlement for a century, you can also go to the water park.
Kerch
Within an hour by bus or car, you can reach big city Kerch. It is not as famous as other cities of the Crimea, among tourists, but in vain: after all, Kerch has many attractions: Mount Mithridates with the ruins of the ancient Panticapaeum, mounds, crypts, fortresses. In general, the sights of Kerch can be visited in a day, so you should definitely set aside at least a day and go to this city.
Feodosia
An hour's drive is also Feodosia, which is quite famous for its sights. Here you can see stunning fountains, the ruins of a Genoese fortress, see medieval and active temples, as well as a stunning art museum. Feodosia deserves that you allocate more than one day to explore all its beauties.
Lenino and Leninsky district is a quiet, peaceful place that attracts tourists all year round budget vacation, an opportunity to be in a calm environment and a southern climate, relax on the sea and ride around the area, visiting the sights. It cannot be said that the settlement is now as well developed as many other Crimean villages, however, hotel establishments and establishments Catering are gradually being built, and, perhaps, in a few years Lenino will become a very popular place for recreation.
A story spanning over a century...
to the 110th anniversary of the founding of the village. Lenino
On the project of the village coat of arms of our regional center, made by a talented artist and creative person Yu.F. Ioss to the 110th anniversary of the village of Lenino, work on which was started at the initiative of the Lenin village head A.I. Kozitsky and his team of like-minded people, in the central part of the exposition there is a handsome steam locomotive flying into an unknown distance, the inscription "Seven Wells" and the proud figures "1899". And this is far from coincidental. After all, the time and circumstances of the emergence of the settlement, which later became the regional center of the largest agricultural region in Ukraine in terms of its territory, were directly related to the construction at the end of the 19th century of the Vladislavovka-Kerch railway line, then called the Kerch line of the Kursk-Kharkov-Sevastopol railway ...
"DO YOU REMEMBER HOW IT ALL STARTED"
The railway known to everyone today was built on the Kerch Peninsula, one of the last steel lines in the entire Taurida province, and it was laid from west to east along the territory of the then Vladislavovskaya, Petrovsky and Sarayma volosts of the Feodosia district and ended in the Kerch-Yenikalsky town administration, where at that time the administrative leadership of a significant part of the Eastern Crimea.
At the initiative of the Kerch-Yenikalsky mayor, Rear Admiral M.E. Koltovsky, back in July 1895, a thorough memorandum was prepared addressed to Nicholas II on the urgent need to build a railway on the Kerch Peninsula.
On April 7 (19), 1898, the last All-Russian Emperor Nicholas II approved the Regulation, developed by the Committee of Ministers and the Department of State Economy, on the basis of which the Minister of Railways was ordered to begin construction of the Vladislavovka-Kerch railway line. On July 8 (20), 1898, the Decree of Nicholas II followed on the alienation (withdrawal in favor of the state) of the necessary private lands for the construction of the railway and the payment of appropriate monetary compensation to their owners for the territorial and economic losses incurred.
The state archives have preserved original documents of the “pre-revolutionary” period, in one of which an inquisitive historian and an attentive local historian can read: “Order No. 152 on the Kursk-Kharkov-Sevastopol railway, September 11, 1899 “On the opening of temporary traffic on the Kerch line under construction ... the following stations are opened for the transportation of private luggage: Ak-Monai, Ak-Monai quarry and Seven Wells.
Thus, 110 years ago, on September 11 (23), 1899, the railroad station, better known as Seven Wells, then named after the nearby settlement, founded by immigrants from Switzerland, the village of Seven Kolodezey (the current village of Ilyichevo), known to lovers and connoisseurs of history from the popular local history books "Legends of Crimea".
The Kerch state railway with a length of 85 versts was solemnly opened on February 20 (March 3), 1900, when a special train arrived in Kerch from Kharkov, headed by the head of the Kursk-Kharkov-Sevastopol railway N.A. von Renkul and high-ranking officials accompanying him. Most of the newspapers of that time enthusiastically announced the technical breakthrough of the eastern region of Crimea to the All-Russian market of the empire.
Meeting N.A. Renkul and noble persons of the Tauride province with the Kerch-Yenikalsk mayor, Major General M.D. Klokachev and the "fathers of the city" was held in the premises of the English Club, where Kerch gave a dinner in honor of distinguished guests. Colorful billboards with images of all the railway stations of the Kerch line were also placed here. Among others, the station Seven Kolodezey was presented, one of the three stations of the IVth class of the railway segment of the Vladislavovka-Kerch route.
The construction of the district House of Culture is underway, 1959
The pace of construction of the railway is striking even today with the scale and speed of the work being done. In the report of the Kerch-Yenikalsk city administration for 1899, it was noted that within an incomplete year, "an embankment was built, rails were laid, stations and structures were built."
On May 6 (18), 1899, in the spirit of that time, the works on the Kerch Line were consecrated by the clergy.
Temporary passenger traffic on the railway opened on March 10 (22), 1900, and on November 3 (15), 1900, the “correct” (regular) passenger and goods traffic on the railway opened.
With the commissioning of the Kerch line in November 1900, the Feodosia-Kerch postal route was closed along with the five post offices located on it. All postal transportation from that time began to be carried out by rail.
History has preserved the name of the first head of the station Seven Wells F.A. Fedorov-Avdievich.
The station Seven Kolodezey became the basis around which a new settlement on the Kerch Peninsula gradually formed, which played its own role only for it in certain periods of the history of the 20th century, and more than a century anniversary from the date of its foundation is celebrated these days by the inhabitants of the Eastern Crimea .
“OUR ENGINE, FLY FORWARD…”
The great upheavals of the beginning of the 20th century did not bypass the railway, which is the main artery connecting the Kerch steppe of the Feodosia district with the center and outskirts of the Russian Empire.
The emerging revolutionary movement, the February and October revolutions of 1917, events civil war when power alternately passed from hand to hand, because of which the local population, - all this took place before our eyes and with the feasible participation of the inhabitants of the settlement, which gradually grew around the railway station.
The events of October 25 (November 7), 1917, which took place in Petrograd and are called for a long time in our contradictory and long-suffering history, as the Great October Socialist Revolution, became known at the railway station thanks to the received by an experienced telegraph operator Varvara Persian and her young assistant Geiko, a special telegram distributed as “To everyone! Everyone! Everyone!” new government.
The head of the station at that time was an ardent monarchist and admirer of Nicholas II, a certain Kondratenko, who for a long time did not allow the progressive-minded team to remove the portrait of the emperor from the place of honor. He was sincerely sure that the coup d'état in Petrograd was an accidental event, and soon the time would come when the power of the "tsar-father" so beloved by him would be restored again.
It was that amazing time when the telegraph apparatus installed at the railway station was the only source of instantaneous information distributed by telegraph tapes to all "corners and villages" that had split into many "multi-colored" fragments of the once huge Russian Empire. The telegraph regularly served both whites and reds, who tried to inform both their supporters and opponents and impose new slogans and ideas on the broad masses of the people.
Sympathetic to the affairs of the Soviet government, the railway workers of the station and the settlement around it helped the partisan detachment led by Stepan Katselov, who operated in the Lenin (Petrovsky) quarries in the spring of 1919. Among them were switchmen Y. Logvinenko and S. Kochegarov, former zemstvo doctor V. Serafimov. The latter was well acquainted with Lenin's younger brother, Dmitry Ulyanov, who worked at the beginning of the century in the Feodosiya district.
From the station Seven Kolodezey, the White Guard colonel Konovalov reported to the higher command about the state of the fight against the Red Army on the Ak-Monai front and about the red partisans of the Kerch Peninsula.
On November 16, 1920, the 7th Cavalry Division of M. Chugunov of the 3rd Cavalry Corps of N. Kashirin of the troops of the Southern Front under the control of M. Frunze entered Kerch, freeing the peninsula from the troops of Baron P. Wrangel.
On March 22, 1921, 34 residents lived at the Seven Kolodezey station, and the station station itself was part of the Kenegez (now the village of Krasnogorka) revolutionary committee (revolutionary committee) of the Petrovsky district, the newly formed Kerch district.
Having won the battles of the Civil War, the Soviet government embarked on an unprecedented experiment to implement the transformations formulated by the leader of the world proletariat V.I. Lenin in terms of building socialism "in a single country."
With the beginning of the forcible and widespread introduction of the collective farm "movement" into agriculture and the formation of machine and tractor stations (MTS), Seven Wells became the center of the Semikolodezyanskaya MTS, which was headed by a cadre worker, a representative of the plant named after. Voikov Kerch M.P. Dementeev.
The presence of the railway, well-established communication with other regions of the Crimean ASSR formed in 1921 and the whole country, contributed to the economic development of the Seven Wells, albeit a slow but still steady growth of the population settled around the railway.
Pyotr Surov (third from right) with his combat crew
On May 25, 1931, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Crimean ASSR decides to transfer the center of the Leninsky (formerly Petrovsky) district from the village of Leninsky to the Seven Kolodezey station. It was the presence of the railway, which provided a stable connection with other regions, that was the main prerequisite for this.
In the prewar years, a grain-receiving elevator, a hospital, a food processing plant, a cotton collection point began to be built in Seven Kolodezy, new administrative buildings and streets appeared. On March 6, 1933, the regional newspaper "Leninsky Kolkhoznik" began to appear, covering life and life in the countryside of the Kerch Peninsula. In 1938, a secondary school was opened here, named after the founder of socialist realism, Maxim Gorky.
The famous traveler and geographer I.I. Puzanov in his fundamental book “Across the Untraveled Crimea” notes how in 1925 he, together with the botanist E.V. Wolf, after a detailed study of the steppe part of the Kerch Peninsula, having spent the night in Seven Wells, went by morning train to Simferopol. Their attention was drawn to the “witty” inscription on the station lamp: “Seven Wells, and not a drop of water,” which in one phrase characterized the state of the steppe part of the Eastern Crimea, which had suffered from a lack of life-giving moisture for centuries.
According to the All-Union Population Census, in 1939 the number of inhabitants of the district center reached 1683 people.
The residents of Seven Kolodezy remembered the meeting in the spring of 1941 with the legendary Soviet pilot Konstantin Kokkinaki, later a Hero of the Soviet Union, and then a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from the Crimean ASSR, after his participation in battles with Japanese pilots. The Soviet aviator Kokkinaki provided international assistance to the Chinese people in repulsing the Japanese aggressors.
From the balcony of the House of Soviets (now the building of the district council and the district state administration), the famous ace, who shot down seven enemy planes in air battles with Japanese kamikazes, called on the residents of the area to be prepared for possible and inevitable events “if tomorrow is war, if tomorrow is a campaign ...”.
"AND IN THE WAR, AS IN THE WAR ..."
During the Great Patriotic War, the settlement Seven Wells played its heroic and tragic role assigned to it by world history.
More than a hundred residents of the regional center died fighting bravely on the fronts of World War II, in partisan detachments, and in underground work. Their graves are scattered over a vast expanse of everything the globe from Seven Wells to Berlin. In memory of them, grateful descendants erected the Obelisk of Glory in the village park, on the memorial plates of which dear names are cast in metal.
This was the entrance to the village of Lenino in 1960
Already on June 28, 1941, on the sixth day of the war, the first echelon with our countrymen, residents of the Leninsky and Mayak-Salynsky districts, set off from the Seven Kolodezey station to protect the sacred borders of the Fatherland. The road from their father's house for most of them in the formidable June of the forty-first turned out to be the last. They never returned home...
Opening of an agricultural exhibition in the district center in autumn 1959.
Many of our countrymen went to the Starokrymsky forests and joined the ranks of the people's avengers - detachments of the Eastern Connection of the Crimean partisans. Among them were N. Velikaya, T. Stroganova, A. Derevyanko, S. Sagaydak.
During the period of hostilities of the Crimean Front, which stood to the death from January to May 1942 in bloody battles with the Nazi invaders on the Akmonai Isthmus, several military field hospitals were located in Seven Kolodezy, to which, along the railway line along the Koi - Asan Russian - Seven Seriously wounded soldiers and commanders of the Red Army came to Kolodezey for treatment. During this period, several large military burials appeared here. The most famous of them is the hospital fraternal cemetery on Nekrasov Street, where over five thousand soldiers of the Crimean Front who died from wounds rest in eternal sleep - a sponsored memorial of teachers and students of village schools.
In memory of one of the military hospitals on the building of the school. M. Gorky installed a memorial plaque.
During the second occupation of the Kerch Peninsula, the Seven Kolodezey railway station became the center of an underground group, which included patriots K.I. Bogdanov, A.V. Bespalov, A.P. Pavlenko, E.G. Ivanov, G.A. Peremeshchenko and other residents of the village. The fearless fighters of the "invisible front" organized a series of sabotage on the railway, derailing enemy trains and exploding fuel tanks.
Former head of the district cotton center G.A. Ostanin, left by the Soviet party organs to develop an underground movement in the region, fell in an unequal struggle against an insidious and ruthless enemy in the winter of 1941.
In 1943-1944, fascist monsters and their henchmen set up dungeons in the Seven Wells, where they brutally tortured patriots of the Marfovsky-Mariental underground and partisans of the Bagerovka quarries, prisoners of war and civilians. On the outskirts of the district center there is a fraternal cemetery of the victims of fascism, where several hundred Soviet patriots who died at the hands of the barbarians of the 20th century are buried.
May Day demonstration in the main village of the district, 70s
On the wall of a building railway station in the village Lenino installed a memorial plaque in honor of the underground worker, resident of the North Caucasian Front and the Separate Primorskaya Army, Alima Abdennanova, head of the Dzhermay-Kashik underground group, which operated behind enemy lines on the Kerch Peninsula and died along with other participants in the resistance to the Nazis in the spring of 1944. The forecourt of the district center bears her name.
Pyotr Surov, a graduate of the M. Gorky School on June 22, 1941, who was soon called up from the Seven Kolodezey station to the front, was presented to the high rank of Hero of the Soviet Union when, as part of an advanced tank detachment, on April 20, 1945, he broke into the outskirts of Berlin, receiving in this battle severely wounded. The combat vehicle of our fellow countryman, a brave officer, a tank “thirty-four” with tail number 422, froze in an eternal parking lot near the Krasnoye Sormovo plant in Nizhny Novgorod, from whose walls it emerged during the war years.
In the February days of 1945, after the completion of the Yalta (Crimean) conference of the leaders of the three powers of the anti-Hitler coalition, on a special train along the route Simferopol - Dzhankoy - Vladislavovka - Kerch, the Supreme Commander I. V. Stalin proceeded at night along the Kerch Peninsula. On the railway bridge, he crossed the Kerch Strait to Taman Peninsula. After February 18, due to a natural disaster, the bridge collapsed.
The second time Joseph Stalin traveled through the entire Kerch Peninsula on a letter train along the Kerch-Vladislavovka railway line in the summer of 1946 during his visit to the Crimea to get acquainted with the course of the restoration of the peninsula after the war hard times.
On September 15, 1945, the inhabitants of the peninsula with bouquets of autumn flowers met the first echelon with victorious warriors on the railway platform of the Seven Kolodezey station, who completed an honorable mission in European countries to defeat fascism and returned to their native area, where they were waiting for the people closest to them who yearned for their native person .
"WHEELS DICTATE WAGON ..."
On April 12, the troops of the Separate Primorsky Army, in cooperation with other military formations, breaking the resistance of the hastily retreating enemy in the Ak-Monai positions, completely liberated the Kerch Peninsula and the regional center Seven Wells.
The center of the Leninsky district was temporarily moved again to the village of Leninskoye, where it operated until the beginning of 1947, after which the regional institutions were again transferred to the settlement at the Seven Kolodezey station, which was reviving after the horrors of the war.
The restoration of the national economy of the Leninsky and neighboring Primorsky (formerly Mayak-Salynsky) districts in the post-war period is associated with the name of a remarkable person and talented leader N.I. Parelsky, who in the post-war years held the post of chairman of the Primorsky district executive committee, and from August 1950 - first secretary of the Leninsky district party committee.
In May days of the current year, the residents of the district widely celebrated the 100th anniversary of the birth of N.I. Parelsky, and in memory of his titanic work on the revival of the Kerch Peninsula in the regional center on the street bearing his name, a memorial plaque was erected.
Together with Nikolai Ivanovich Parelsky, his associates and closest assistants P.S. "raised" the area. Titorenko, N.A. Turbaba, G.Kh. Dunda and many other senior and middle managers who mobilized the people for labor achievements.
The problems of landscaping the Kerch Peninsula were successfully solved. Forest belts and entire forests appeared. A young man-made forest, planted in the 1950s, makes up the "green ring" around the current regional center.
One of the main problems for a long time remained the lack of water on the peninsula. The construction of the Leninsky Yuzmak reservoir near the village of Leninsky Yuzmak reservoir was carried out using the method of folk construction, declared shock Komsomol. Rates and reservoirs were arranged, wells were drilled, a network of water pipes was laid.
In 1952, the first water pumps appeared in the district center and the acute problem of lack of drinking water was removed.
On May 25, 1957, by decision No. 371 of the Executive Committee of the Crimean Regional Council of People's Deputies of Workers, the center of the Leninsky district, the settlement at the Seven Kolodezey station, was given the name Lenino, it received the status of an urban-type settlement and the Leninsky village council was formed.
In the 1950s, neat wooden “Finnish” houses appeared in the village of Lenino, decorating the settlement in their own way, where the families of geologists and oil workers settled, who carried out exploration and production of oil and gas on the peninsula. Geological Street in the district center is named after the profession of craftsmen and craftsmen who extract natural resources useful for humans from the bowels of the earth.
The appearance on the lands of the North Crimean Canal region, its construction and operation gave a new impetus to the solution of national economic problems in agriculture.
At that time, in the early 70s, accelerated housing construction, planting of greenery in the village and asphalting of the streets were going on in the district center. The first two-storey houses appeared.
A new "boom" in housing construction was initiated by the construction of the Crimean nuclear power plant in the second half of the 70s, which was largely facilitated by the appearance of a large-panel housing construction plant (KPD) on the eastern outskirts of the village near the railway. New micro-districts appeared on Shosseynaya and Kurchatov streets with multi-storey buildings that transformed the village.
Today, when the Leninsky district from a once purely agricultural area is becoming more and more, including a resort and recreational one, and every year “all flags will visit us”, the significance of the railway and the Seven Kolodezy station is growing geometrically. progressions. The team of railway workers headed by the head of the station O. N. Yanova does everything possible to make our esteemed guests feel comfortable from the first minutes of their stay on the Kerch Peninsula. The transportation services of the district center are also a match for them: fast and reliable buses, minibuses and taxis will take tourists and vacationers to any point in the district, and, if they wish, to Crimea.
Many years of his long and conscientious life were given to the service of the railway line Vladislavovka - Kerch, the former head of the station Seven Kolodezey P.V. Dmitrienko. Back in 1942, he, along with other railwaymen, established uninterrupted movement by rail during the period of hostilities on the Kerch Peninsula. Former sailor of the Baltic Fleet for selfless work and courage in providing assistance Soviet troops for the transportation of manpower and equipment was awarded the Order of Lenin.
The country also awarded the waymaster P.I. Sergodeev.
The names of A.S. Goryunova, M.V. Osaulenko, A.N. Tyunina, V.Kh. Indyukov, A. A. Babina, S. S. Prokhody, V. N. Chuvakina, V. P. Zhdanov and many others who devoted their entire careers to serving the steel artery of the peninsula.
At the end of the 19th century, the Kerch Peninsula was cut through by the Vladislavovka-Kerch railway line. In the middle of the 20th century, a man-made river appeared on the peninsula - the North Crimean Canal. Today, at the beginning of the new 21st century, the state program for the gasification of the peninsula is being implemented in the Leninsky district and its regional center.
Leninsky settlement head A.I. Kozitsky, a man respected by the inhabitants of the settlement, who knows his business thoroughly and skillfully resolves the inevitable daily large and small problems of the regional center, in his tireless work relies on competent assistants, including his deputy V.P. Gritsenko, secretary of the council A.A. Khodyreva, council specialist V.K. Lagutin, the entire deputy corps of the village council. It is gratifying to note that this is a team of like-minded people.
Among those who will always lend their reliable shoulder and help the village head with good advice is the chairman of the district council A.D. Petrishchev, head of the district state administration P.I. Protsenko and their deputies A.N. Verteletsky, N.B. Kolesnichenko, G.V. Ostakh, A.A. Khokhlov, E.S. Abdulmejitov.
Speaker of the Crimean Parliament A.P. Gritsenko and chairman of the Council of Ministers of the autonomy V.T. Plakida, who very often make business trips to the Leninsky district, always find time to meet with representatives of the village council and relevant services, providing timely and effective assistance to their fellow countrymen.
"MY VILLAGE IS MY DESTINY!"
These words have always been able and have the right to be proudly uttered by people, without whom the district center would not have taken place as a settlement, with its own combat and labor biography belonging only to it.
P.Ya. Chumak and N.F. Gurenko, A.S. Gonchar and L.P. Gavrilova, I.A. Marchenko and V.E. Kustov, A.D. Vernitsky and L.E. Shcheglenko, L.N. Palamarchuk and M.F. Wolfson, A.V. Dubodel and G.E. Novikov, A.M. Fomkin and G.K. Tertychny, I.A. Astafurov and A.A. Brager, Z.T. Shabolda and Yu.A. Balashov, P.D. Poltavsky and L.F. Romashova, G.P. Karastash and F.P. Drozd, V.N. Malakhov and M.G. Frolov, and many, many others, the list of whose names would not fit even on the pages of one newspaper issue ...
Ten years ago, on the day of the 100th anniversary of the village, a memorial plaque dedicated to this significant event in the history of Crimea was solemnly opened on the building of the railway station.
Congratulatory telegrams on the centennial anniversary were sent to the inhabitants of the regional center in September 1999 by the President of Ukraine L.D. Kuchma, Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine A.N. Tkachenko, Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada Autonomous Republic Crimea and the Council of Ministers of the ARC.
Our fellow countryman, original poet and composer Nikolai Primechalov, in 1999, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the regional center, wrote a wonderful song in which there are capacious and heartfelt words filled with deep meaning. Words for all generations of village residents: “Seven Wells, Seven Wells - a great meaning penetrated my heart. Seven Wells, Seven Wells - here is my father's house and my spring ... ".
September 2009 Nicholas Rak
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