Presentation on the topic I want to go to Paris. Presentation on the topic "my favorite Paris"

Slide 1

Project “Let’s open the world to each other” Nomination “I’ll show you this city”

PARIS Completed by: Ivan Smirnov, CLIO team, school No. 185, Nizhny Novgorod

Slide 2

ISLAND OF CITE

Paris arose on the Ile de la Cité in the middle of the Seine. In the 3rd century BC. the Parisian tribe settled here. In 52, the settlement was captured by the Romans, and in the 5th century by the Franks. The city, called Lutetia, developed and became a crossroads of important trade routes. Gradually, the name Lutetia disappeared from use; it was replaced by the name “city of Parisians,” which soon transformed into Paris. Over time, the city went beyond the island of Cité, people settled on the banks of the Seine and occupied the hills closest to it. Nowadays, of the medieval buildings in the eastern part of the Cité, only the cathedral has survived Notre Dame of Paris.

Slide 3

CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DADY OF PARIS

The first stone for the foundation of the cathedral was laid in 1163 by King Louis VII and Pope Alexander III. Before this, on the site of the cathedral there was an ancient Roman temple from the 1st century, and later a Christian basilica. Construction of Notre Dame Cathedral continued until 1345. History has not preserved the name of the first architect of the cathedral. It is only known that the Parisian Bishop Maurice de Sully took part in the drafting of the project. The building has reached us in an unfinished state. Its two 70-meter towers were supposed to be crowned with spiers.

Slide 4

Slide 5

STAINED GLASS "ROSES"

Of the interior decorations of the 13th century in Notre-Dame Cathedral, only the “rose” stained glass windows have survived - round window(10 meters in diameter) of the southern portal of the central facade. The stained glass window is dedicated to the theme of “blessed eternity”: the apostles, saints and angels of heaven are located around Jesus Christ.

Slide 6

SQUARE OF JOHN XXIII

Behind the southern façade of Notre Dame Cathedral is the Square of John XXIII. On the site of the square there was first a dump of construction waste, then, from the 17th century, the residence of the archbishop. In 1831, the building was demolished, the vacant lot was bought by the Prefect of the Seine, Rambuteau, who planted trees and flowers there and decorated it with a fountain of the Virgin (1845).

Slide 7

CONCIERGERIE

Conciergerie – part royal castle Capetian era (14th century). The two towers of the castle - Caesar and Silver - are framed on both sides by facades of the 17th century. From the Middle Ages, the castle has preserved a hall of warriors, a hall of armed guards, kitchen services, and a courtyard.

Slide 8

NEW BRIDGE

The new bridge connects western part the islands of the Cité with both banks of the Seine. Contrary to its name, it is the oldest surviving bridge in Paris. The first stone was laid on May 31, 1578. Construction was completed in 1606. The bridge project belonged to the outstanding architect Andruet du Cersault. The bridge turned out to be so strong that it was never rebuilt.

Slide 9

EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF HENRY IV

In 1614, a statue of Henry IV was erected near the New Bridge. During the French Revolution, the statue was removed from its pedestal, but was restored in 1818 by the sculptor Lemo.

Slide 10

BASILICA OF SACRE-COEUR

When Prussian troops besieged Paris in 1870, two French Catholics, Alexandre Legenty and Roo de Fleury, vowed that if France won the war, they would build a church and dedicate it to the Sacred Heart of Christ. France lost, but Paris escaped occupation. In 1875, construction of the basilica began using public donations. The project was developed by the architect Abadi. The consecration of the temple took place in 1919. The basilica was built in the neo-Byzantine style from white sandstone. The interior is richly decorated with marble sculpture, stained glass and mosaics.

Slide 11

CATHEDRAL HOUSE OF THE DISABLED

Frequent wars led to the fact that in the mid-17th century in France there were many retired disabled soldiers forced to beg. In 1670, Louis XIV decided to build a house and temple for them. The Cathedral of the Invalides (architect Aardouin-Mansart) is an example of architectural grace and symmetry. The facade is decorated with a double colonnade. A huge dome, entwined with golden garlands and flowers, is topped with a gilded lantern with a spire. Napoleon Bonaparte is buried in the crypt of the cathedral.

Slide 12

In 1744, Louis XV, who was seriously ill, vowed to build a temple in honor of the patroness of Paris, Saint Genevieve. The consecration of the church took place in 1790. During the French Revolution, the church was turned into the Pantheon - the tomb of great people. The architecture of the building is an example of classicism. The vaults of the building support columns of the Corinthian order. There are no window openings in the walls. They are replaced by marouflé canvases glued to stone walls. The pictorial cycle created by Puvis de Chavannes and Laurent is dedicated to Saint Genevieve.

Slide 13

In the 20th century, 4 sculptural groups were installed at the supports of the Pantheon dome (counterclockwise): “Jean-Jacques Rousseau” (Bartholomew, 1912), “In honor of the generals of the revolution” (Gasque, 1925), “Speakers and publicists of the Restoration era” (Markest , 1919), “Diderot and the Encyclopedists” (Treroir, 1925) and “National Convention” (Sicart, 1924)

Slide 14

FOUCAULT PENDULUM

Attached to the Pantheon's light dome is a working copy of Foucault's pendulum, with which physicist Léon Foucault showed in 1851 that the Earth rotates. Anyone can verify that this is actually the case.

Slide 15

PALE ROYAL

The palace was built in the 17th century by order of Cardinal Richelieu. After his death, the palace came into the possession of King Louis XIII. When Anna of Austria settled here, the palace began to be called Royal (Palais Royal). Architectural ensemble The Palais Royal consists of the palace itself, which today houses the Council of State, and galleries that frame an internal garden on three sides, planned by Louis XIV himself.

Slide 17

SQUARE OF CONCORD

The place for the square was chosen by Louis XV, and the project was developed by J.-A. Gabriel. Construction of the square was completed in 1779. The square acquired its modern appearance in 1836, when the architect Hitorf installed the Luxor Obelisk in its center, a gift from the Egyptian Pasha Mahmet Ali.

Slide 18

In the 16th century, the site of the garden was a landfill, and the clay mined here was used to make tiles - “tuile” in French, hence the name Tuileries. By order of Catherine de Medici, a garden was laid out on this site, which became the first public place for outdoor walks.

Slide 19

ARCH OF TRIUMPH IN CARUSEL SQUARE

The Arc de Triomphe was erected at the beginning of the 19th century in honor of Napoleon's victories. It is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the most famous episodes of the Napoleonic wars. The triumphal arch served as the ceremonial entrance to the emperor's residence - the Tuileries Palace. On the arch was installed an equestrian group, removed by order of Napoleon from the portal of St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice. In 1815, the sculpture was returned to Italy, and the arch was crowned with a bronze quadriga with a statue of Peace.

Slide 20

The palace complex of the Louvre took shape over many centuries. At the end of the 12th century, King Philip Augustus built a castle that protected the approaches to the Ile de la Cité. The fortress was named Louvre (from leovar - fortification). In the 14th century, fortress walls were erected around the city and the castle lost its defensive function. Under Charles V it was rebuilt and turned into a royal residence. In the 16th century, a significant part of the building was demolished and a new palace was built on the vacant site, which was constantly expanded over time.

Slide 21

Until recently, the museum's exposition occupied only the right wing of the palace, the Old Louvre and the Square Courtyard. In 1981, it was decided to create the Grand Louvre. The Ministry of Finance, which occupied the left wing of the palace, moved to another building, and the museum's area expanded significantly. The problem arose of creating a single central entrance. According to the design of architect Yeo Ming Lei, a glass pyramid was built in the courtyard of the Louvre, connecting all departments of the museum with underground passages. It housed a hall, cash desks, a cloakroom, shops where you can buy catalogs, souvenirs, and books.

Slide 22

LOUVRE MUSEUM

The Louvre opened as a museum in 1793. The exhibition was based on the collections of French kings. Currently, the Louvre Museum houses more than 25 thousand works of art. The museum is divided into 7 departments: Ancient East and Islamic art, Ancient Egypt, ancient Greek, Etruscan and ancient Roman art, decorative and applied arts, European painting (1200-1850), European sculpture (1100-1850), graphics. The pearls of the Louvre collection are Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo and Nike of Samothrace.

Venus de Milo

Slide 23

CHURCH OF SAINT-ESTACHE

The Church of Saint-Eustache was built in the mid-18th century with money raised by merchants from a nearby market. It is one of the last Gothic churches in Paris. The originality of the temple lies in the combination of Gothic vaults with Renaissance forms of the facade and columns. Moliere, Cardinal Richelieu, and Madame Pompadour were baptized in this church. Here Berlioz and Liszt performed their works on the church organ. Among the artistic treasures of the church are paintings by Rubens and sculptures by Pigalle.

Slide 24

PALACE OF JUSTICE

In ancient times, a palace of Roman governors stood on this site, and in the 13th century, during the Capetian dynasty, a fortified castle was built, which served as the residence of the first French kings. At the end of the 14th century royal palace became the Louvre, and the old residence housed the Parisian parliament. After the French Revolution, the building became known as the Palace of Justice. Now the highest court in France, the Court of Cassation, is located here.

Slide 25

SAINT-CHAPELLE

The ensemble of the Palace of Justice includes the chapel of Sainte-Chapelle (Holy Chapel), built in the 13th century by order of Louis IX to store the relic - the crown of thorns of Jesus Christ. Sainte-Chapelle consists of two chapels, located one above the other. The lower one was intended for courtiers. The service for the royal family was held at the top. The chapel is crowned by a 75-meter spire. The openwork rose on the façade dates back to the 15th century. The lancet windows preserve stained glass from the 13th century - 1,134 scenes of biblical subjects.

Slide 26

FIELD OF MARS

The Champ de Mars was created at the end of the 18th century as a training ground for students of the Military School and was named after the God of War. The first horse races in Paris took place here (1780), the first experiments in aerostatics (1783), the first attempt to climb the hot-air balloon(1784). In 1889, the Champ de Mars was chosen as the site for construction. Eiffel Tower. At the beginning of the 20th century, a beautiful park was created here.

Slide 29

EIFFEL TOWER ILLUMINATION SYSTEM

In 1985, an illumination system was introduced, according to which spotlights were installed inside the tower itself so that their directional light emphasized the lightness and elegance of the structure. In 2000, they added “star twinkle” - lights running at great speed create the effect of a wonderful fireworks display. Every 7 years, the Eiffel Tower is painted by hand, adding yellow pigment to the paint, which gives an additional glow in the rays of spotlights and lamps.

Slide 30

MOULIN ROUGE

The most famous cabaret in Paris opened in 1889. According to legend, the Moulin Rouge stage is the birthplace of the cancan. The following performers performed on the cabaret stage: Ella Fitzgerald, Edith Piaf, Frank Sinatra, Elton John, Yves Montand, Jean Gabin, Charles Aznavour, Liza Minnelli. In 1990, the cabaret was completely rebuilt and equipped with last word technology, only the wings of the Red Mill have been preserved from the old building.

Slide 31

CENTRAL MARKET FORUM

Once upon a time there were swamps here. The land was then drained and a market was opened in 1137, which became the commercial center of Paris. Zola described this place in his novel The Belly of Paris. The Parisians liked the name and stuck with it. In 1969, the market was closed, and in its place construction began on a modern shopping center. Original buildings made of glass and metal rose above the ground, and a real underground city. The four underground floors of the Forum go down 17.5 m. Daylight penetrates through the glazed galleries through a complex system of mirrors.

MONPARNASSE TOWER

The black glass and steel tower, built in 1973 according to the design of the architects Baudouin, Cassan, de Marian and Szabo, rises 210 m above Paris. The fastest elevator in Europe takes passengers to a height of 195 m in 38 seconds. At 56 and 59 - floors of the tower are open observation decks. The appearance of a European skyscraper turned out to be so unnatural that they decided not to build any more similar high-rise buildings in the central part of the city.

Slide 34

Slide 35

DISTRICT DEFENCE

La Defense is a business and shopping district in the northwestern part of Paris. It was created in 1957-1989. under the direction of the architect Le Corbusier. “Défense” is translated as “defense,” and according to the plan of the city planners, the area should serve as a “shield” protecting the historical part of Paris, which developed in the 17th-19th centuries, from the influence of modern architecture.

Slide 36

SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT PARIS:

* Paris in your pocket. – St. Petersburg: Welcome Publishing House, 2008 * Paris. – Moscow: Publishing House “Around the World”, 2007 * France. – Moscow: Publishing House “Around the World”, 2007.

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Slide 1

Project “Let’s open the world to each other” Nomination “I’ll show you this city” PARIS Performed by: Ivan Smirnov, CLIO team, school No. 185, Nizhny Novgorod

Slide 2

ISLAND OF CITE Paris originated on the Isle of Cité in the middle of the Seine. In the 3rd century BC. the Parisian tribe settled here. In 52, the settlement was captured by the Romans, and in the 5th century by the Franks. The city, called Lutetia, developed and became a crossroads of important trade routes. Gradually, the name Lutetia disappeared from use; it was replaced by the name “city of Parisians,” which soon transformed into Paris. Over time, the city went beyond the island of Cité, people settled on the banks of the Seine and occupied the hills closest to it. Nowadays, of the medieval buildings in the eastern part of the Cité, only Notre Dame Cathedral has survived.

Slide 3

CATHEDRAL OF NOTRY MARY OF PARIS The first stone of the cathedral was laid in 1163 by King Louis VII and Pope Alexander III. Before this, on the site of the cathedral there was an ancient Roman temple from the 1st century, and later a Christian basilica. Construction of Notre Dame Cathedral continued until 1345. History has not preserved the name of the first architect of the cathedral. It is only known that the Parisian Bishop Maurice de Sully took part in the drafting of the project. The building has reached us in an unfinished state. Its two 70-meter towers were supposed to be crowned with spiers.

Slide 4

The cathedral is a five-nave basilica (length 130 m, width 105 m, vault height 35 m). From the entrance there is a view of the central high nave, choir and altar. The cathedral houses the largest organ in France (Master Clicquot, 18th century, 7800 pipes)

Slide 5

STAINED GLASS GLASSES “ROSE” Of the interior decorations of the 13th century in the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris, only the stained glass windows of the “rose” - a round window (10 meters in diameter) of the southern portal of the central facade - have been preserved. The stained glass window is dedicated to the theme of “blessed eternity”: the apostles, saints and angels of heaven are located around Jesus Christ.

Slide 6

SQUARE OF JOHN XXIII Behind the southern façade of Notre Dame Cathedral is the Square of John XXIII. On the site of the square there was first a dump of construction waste, then, from the 17th century, the residence of the archbishop. In 1831, the building was demolished, the vacant lot was bought by the Prefect of the Seine, Rambuteau, who planted trees and flowers there and decorated it with a fountain of the Virgin (1845).

Slide 7

CONCIERGERY The Conciergerie is part of the royal castle of the Capetian era (14th century). The two towers of the castle - Caesar and Silver - are framed on both sides by facades of the 17th century. From the Middle Ages, the castle has preserved a hall of warriors, a hall of armed guards, kitchen services, and a courtyard.

Slide 8

NEW BRIDGE The new bridge connects the western part of the Ile de la Cité with both banks of the Seine. Contrary to its name, it is the oldest surviving bridge in Paris. The first stone was laid on May 31, 1578. Construction was completed in 1606. The bridge project belonged to the outstanding architect Andruet du Cersault. The bridge turned out to be so strong that it was never rebuilt.

Slide 9

EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF HENRY IV In 1614, a statue of Henry IV was erected near the New Bridge. During the French Revolution, the statue was removed from its pedestal, but was restored in 1818 by the sculptor Lemo.

Slide 10

BASILICA OF SACRE-COEUR When Prussian troops laid siege to Paris in 1870, two French Catholics, Alexandre Legenty and Roo de Fleury, vowed that if France won the war, they would build a church and dedicate it to the Sacred Heart of Christ. France lost, but Paris escaped occupation. In 1875, construction of the basilica began using public donations. The project was developed by the architect Abadi. The consecration of the temple took place in 1919. The basilica was built in the neo-Byzantine style from white sandstone. The interior is richly decorated with marble sculpture, stained glass and mosaics.

Slide 11

CATHEDRAL OF THE HOUSE OF THE DISABLED Frequent wars led to the fact that in the mid-17th century in France there were many retired disabled soldiers forced to beg. In 1670, Louis XIV decided to build a house and temple for them. The Cathedral of the Invalides (architect Aardouin-Mansart) is an example of architectural grace and symmetry. The facade is decorated with a double colonnade. A huge dome, entwined with golden garlands and flowers, is topped with a gilded lantern with a spire. Napoleon Bonaparte is buried in the crypt of the cathedral.

Slide 12

PANTHEON In 1744, Louis XV, who was seriously ill, vowed to build a temple in honor of the patroness of Paris, Saint Genevieve. The consecration of the church took place in 1790. During the French Revolution, the church was turned into the Pantheon - the tomb of great people. The architecture of the building is an example of classicism. The vaults of the building support columns of the Corinthian order. There are no window openings in the walls. They are replaced by marouflé canvases glued to stone walls. The pictorial cycle created by Puvis de Chavannes and Laurent is dedicated to Saint Genevieve.

Slide 13

In the 20th century, 4 sculptural groups were installed at the supports of the Pantheon dome (counterclockwise): “Jean-Jacques Rousseau” (Bartholomew, 1912), “In honor of the generals of the revolution” (Gasque, 1925), “Speakers and publicists of the Restoration era” (Markest , 1919), “Diderot and the Encyclopedists” (Treroir, 1925) and “National Convention” (Sicart, 1924)

Slide 14

FOUCAULT PENDULUM Attached to the Pantheon's light dome is a working copy of Foucault's pendulum, with which physicist Leon Foucault showed in 1851 that the Earth rotates. Anyone can verify that this is actually the case.

Slide 15

PALE ROYAL The palace was built in the 17th century by order of Cardinal Richelieu. After his death, the palace came into the possession of King Louis XIII. When Anna of Austria settled here, the palace began to be called Royal (Palais Royal). The architectural ensemble of the Palais Royal consists of the palace itself, which today houses the Council of State, and galleries that frame an internal garden on three sides, planned by Louis XIV himself.

Slide 17

Place de la Concorde The place for the square was chosen by Louis XV, and the project was developed by J.-A. Gabriel. Construction of the square was completed in 1779. The square acquired its modern appearance in 1836, when the architect Hitorf installed the Luxor Obelisk in its center - a gift from the Egyptian Pasha Mahmet Ali.

Slide 18

TUILERY In the 16th century, there was a landfill on the site of the garden, and the clay mined here was used to make tiles - “tuile” in French, hence the name Tuileries. By order of Catherine de Medici, a garden was laid out on this site, which became the first public place for outdoor walks.

Slide 19

TRIUMPHAL ARCH ON CARUSEL SQUARE The Arc de Triomphe was erected at the beginning of the 19th century in honor of Napoleon's victories. It is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the most famous episodes of the Napoleonic wars. The triumphal arch served as the ceremonial entrance to the emperor's residence - the Tuileries Palace. On the arch was installed an equestrian group, removed by order of Napoleon from the portal of St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice. In 1815, the sculpture was returned to Italy, and the arch was crowned with a bronze quadriga with a statue of Peace.

Slide 20

LOUVRE The palace complex of the Louvre took shape over many centuries. At the end of the 12th century, King Philip Augustus built a castle that protected the approaches to the Ile de la Cité. The fortress was named Louvre (from leovar - fortification). In the 14th century, fortress walls were erected around the city and the castle lost its defensive function. Under Charles V it was rebuilt and turned into a royal residence. In the 16th century, a significant part of the building was demolished and a new palace was built on the vacant site, which was constantly expanded over time.

Slide 21

Until recently, the museum's exposition occupied only the right wing of the palace, the Old Louvre and the Square Courtyard. In 1981, it was decided to create the Grand Louvre. The Ministry of Finance, which occupied the left wing of the palace, moved to another building, and the museum's area expanded significantly. The problem arose of creating a single central entrance. According to the design of architect Yeo Ming Lei, a glass pyramid was built in the courtyard of the Louvre, connecting all departments of the museum with underground passages. It housed a hall, cash desks, a cloakroom, shops where you can buy catalogs, souvenirs, and books.

Slide 22

LOUVRE MUSEUM The Louvre Museum opened in 1793. The exhibition was based on the collections of French kings. Currently, the Louvre Museum houses more than 25 thousand works of art. The museum is divided into 7 departments: Ancient East and Islamic art, Ancient Egypt, ancient Greek, Etruscan and Roman art, decorative and applied arts, European painting (1200-1850), European sculpture (1100-1850), graphics. The pearls of the Louvre collection are Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo and Nike of Samothrace. Venus de Milo

Slide 23

CHURCH OF SAINT-ESTACH The Church of Saint-Eustache was built in the mid-18th century with money raised by merchants from a nearby market. It is one of the last Gothic churches in Paris. The originality of the temple lies in the combination of Gothic vaults with Renaissance forms of the facade and columns. Moliere, Cardinal Richelieu, and Madame Pompadour were baptized in this church. Here Berlioz and Liszt performed their works on the church organ. Among the artistic treasures of the church are paintings by Rubens and sculptures by Pigalle.

Slide 24

PALACE OF JUSTICE In ancient times, a palace of Roman governors stood on this site, and in the 13th century, during the Capetian dynasty, a fortified castle was built, which served as the residence of the first French kings. At the end of the 14th century, the Louvre became the royal palace, and the Parisian parliament was located in the old residence. After the French Revolution, the building became known as the Palace of Justice. Now the highest court in France, the Court of Cassation, is located here.

Slide 25

SAINT-CHAPELLE The ensemble of the Palace of Justice includes the chapel of Saint-Chapelle (Holy Chapel), built in the 13th century by order of Louis IX to store the relic - the crown of thorns of Jesus Christ. Sainte-Chapelle consists of two chapels, located one above the other. The lower one was intended for courtiers. The service for the royal family was held at the top. The chapel is crowned by a 75-meter spire. The openwork rose on the façade dates back to the 15th century. The lancet windows preserve stained glass from the 13th century - 1,134 scenes of biblical subjects.

Slide 26

FIELD OF MARS The Field of Mars was created at the end of the 18th century as a training ground for students of the Military School and was named after the God of War. The first horse races in Paris took place here (1780), the first experiments in aerostatics (1783), and the first attempt to ascend in a hot air balloon (1784). In 1889, the Champ de Mars was chosen as the site for the construction of the Eiffel Tower. At the beginning of the 20th century, a beautiful park was created here.

Slide 27

EIFFEL TOWER A symbol of Paris and France, the famous Eiffel Tower was built according to the design of engineer Gustave Eiffel in 1889 as an exhibit of the World War industrial exhibition. The 324-meter tower has 3 observation platforms: at an altitude of 57, 115 and 276 m. On days of excellent visibility, from the top observation deck the view can cover a space with a radius of up to 70 km.

Nizhny Novgorod

Slide 2

ISLAND OF CITE

Paris arose on the Ile de la Cité in the middle of the Seine. In the 3rd century BC. the Parisian tribe settled here. In 52, the settlement was captured by the Romans, and in the 5th century by the Franks. The city, called Lutetia, developed and became a crossroads of important trade routes. Gradually, the name Lutetia disappeared from use; it was replaced by the name “city of Parisians,” which soon transformed into Paris. Over time, the city went beyond the island of Cité, people settled on the banks of the Seine and occupied the hills closest to it. Nowadays, of the medieval buildings in the eastern part of the Cité, only Notre Dame Cathedral has survived.

Slide 3

CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DADY OF PARIS

The first stone for the foundation of the cathedral was laid in 1163 by King Louis VII and Pope Alexander III. Before this, on the site of the cathedral there was an ancient Roman temple from the 1st century, and later a Christian basilica. Construction of Notre Dame Cathedral continued until 1345. History has not preserved the name of the first architect of the cathedral. It is only known that the Parisian Bishop Maurice de Sully took part in the drafting of the project. The building has reached us in an unfinished state. Its two 70-meter towers were supposed to be crowned with spiers.

Slide 4

The cathedral is a five-nave basilica (length 130 m, width 105 m, vault height 35 m). From the entrance there is a view of the central high nave, choir and altar. The cathedral houses the largest organ in France (Master Clicquot, 18th century, 7800 pipes)

Slide 5

STAINED GLASS "ROSES"

Of the interior decorations of the 13th century in Notre Dame Cathedral, only stained glass windows of the “rose” - a round window (10 meters in diameter) of the southern portal of the central facade - have survived. The stained glass window is dedicated to the theme of “blessed eternity”: the apostles, saints and angels of heaven are located around Jesus Christ.

Slide 6

SQUARE OF JOHN XXIII

Behind the southern façade of Notre Dame Cathedral is the Square of John XXIII. On the site of the square there was first a dump of construction waste, then, from the 17th century, the residence of the archbishop.

In 1831, the building was demolished, the vacant lot was bought by the Prefect of the Seine, Rambuteau, who planted trees and flowers there and decorated it with a fountain of the Virgin (1845).

Slide 7

CONCIERGERIE

The conciergerie is part of the royal castle of the Capetian era (14th century). The two towers of the castle - Caesar and Silver - are framed on both sides by facades of the 17th century. From the Middle Ages, the castle has preserved a hall of warriors, a hall of armed guards, kitchen services, and a courtyard.

Slide 8

NEW BRIDGE

The new bridge connects the western part of the Ile de la Cité with both banks of the Seine. Contrary to its name, it is the oldest surviving bridge in Paris. The first stone was laid on May 31, 1578. Construction was completed in 1606. The bridge project belonged to the outstanding architect Andruet du Cersault. The bridge turned out to be so strong that it was never rebuilt.

Slide 9

EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF HENRY IV

In 1614, a statue of Henry IV was erected near the New Bridge. During the French Revolution, the statue was removed from its pedestal, but was restored in 1818 by the sculptor Lemo.

Slide 10

BASILICA OF SACRE-COEUR

When Prussian troops besieged Paris in 1870, two French Catholics, Alexandre Legenty and Roo de Fleury, vowed that if France won the war, they would build a church and dedicate it to the Sacred Heart of Christ. France lost, but Paris escaped occupation. In 1875, construction of the basilica began using public donations. The project was developed by the architect Abadi. The consecration of the temple took place in 1919.

The basilica was built in neo-Byzantine style from white sandstone. The interior is richly decorated with marble sculpture, stained glass and mosaics.

Slide 11

CATHEDRAL HOUSE OF THE DISABLED

Frequent wars led to the fact that in the mid-17th century in France there were many retired disabled soldiers forced to beg. In 1670, Louis XIV decided to build a house and temple for them.

The Cathedral of the Invalides (architect Aardouin-Mansart) is an example of architectural grace and symmetry. The facade is decorated with a double colonnade. A huge dome, entwined with golden garlands and flowers, is topped with a gilded lantern with a spire.

Napoleon Bonaparte is buried in the crypt of the cathedral.

Slide 12

PANTHEON

In 1744, Louis XV, who was seriously ill, vowed to build a temple in honor of the patroness of Paris, Saint Genevieve. The consecration of the church took place in 1790. During the French Revolution, the church was turned into the Pantheon - the tomb of great people. The architecture of the building is an example of classicism. The vaults of the building support columns of the Corinthian order. There are no window openings in the walls. They are replaced by marouflé canvases glued to stone walls. The pictorial cycle created by Puvis de Chavannes and Laurent is dedicated to Saint Genevieve.

Slide 13

In the 20th century, 4 sculptural groups were installed at the supports of the Pantheon dome (counterclockwise): “Jean-Jacques Rousseau” (Bartholomew, 1912), “In honor of the generals of the revolution” (Gasque, 1925), “Speakers and publicists of the Restoration era” (Markest , 1919), “Diderot and the Encyclopedists” (Treroir, 1925) and “National Convention” (Sicart, 1924)

Slide 14

FOUCAULT PENDULUM

Attached to the Pantheon's light dome is a working copy of Foucault's pendulum, with which physicist Léon Foucault showed in 1851 that the Earth rotates. Anyone can verify that this is actually the case.

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PALE ROYAL

The palace was built in the 17th century by order of Cardinal Richelieu. After his death, the palace came into the possession of King Louis XIII. When Anna of Austria settled here, the palace began to be called Royal (Palais Royal).

The architectural ensemble of the Palais Royal consists of the palace itself, which today houses the Council of State, and galleries that frame an internal garden on three sides, planned by Louis XIV himself.

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SQUARE OF CONCORD

The place for the square was chosen by Louis XV, and the project was developed by J.-A. Gabriel. Construction of the square was completed in 1779. The square acquired its modern appearance in 1836, when the architect Hitorf installed the Luxor Obelisk in its center, a gift from the Egyptian Pasha Mahmet Ali.

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TUILERY

In the 16th century, the site of the garden was a landfill, and the clay mined here was used to make tiles - “tuile” in French, hence the name Tuileries. By order of Catherine de Medici, a garden was laid out on this site, which became the first public place for outdoor walks.

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ARCH OF TRIUMPH IN CARUSEL SQUARE

The Arc de Triomphe was erected at the beginning of the 19th century in honor of Napoleon's victories. It is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the most famous episodes of the Napoleonic wars. The triumphal arch served as the ceremonial entrance to the emperor's residence - the Tuileries Palace. On the arch was installed an equestrian group, removed by order of Napoleon from the portal of St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice. In 1815, the sculpture was returned to Italy, and the arch was crowned with a bronze quadriga with a statue of Peace.

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Louvre

The palace complex of the Louvre took shape over many centuries. At the end of the 12th century, King Philip Augustus built a castle that protected the approaches to the Ile de la Cité. The fortress was named Louvre (from leovar - fortification). In the 14th century, fortress walls were erected around the city and the castle lost its defensive function. Under Charles V it was rebuilt and turned into a royal residence.

In the 16th century, a significant part of the building was demolished and a new palace was built on the vacant site, which was constantly expanded over time.

Slide 21

Until recently, the museum's exposition occupied only the right wing of the palace, the Old Louvre and the Square Courtyard. In 1981, it was decided to create the Grand Louvre. The Ministry of Finance, which occupied the left wing of the palace, moved to another building, and the museum's area expanded significantly. The problem arose of creating a single central entrance. According to the design of architect Yeo Ming Lei, a glass pyramid was built in the courtyard of the Louvre, connecting all departments of the museum with underground passages. It housed a hall, cash desks, a cloakroom, shops where you can buy catalogs, souvenirs, and books.

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LOUVRE MUSEUM

The Louvre opened as a museum in 1793. The exhibition was based on the collections of French kings. Currently, the Louvre Museum houses more than 25 thousand works of art. The museum is divided into 7 departments: Ancient East and Islamic art, Ancient Egypt, ancient Greek, Etruscan and Roman art, decorative and applied arts, European painting (1200-1850), European sculpture (1100-1850), graphics. The pearls of the Louvre collection are Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo and Nike of Samothrace.

Venus de Milo

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CHURCH OF SAINT-ESTACHE

The Church of Saint-Eustache was built in the mid-18th century with money raised by merchants from a nearby market. It is one of the last Gothic churches in Paris. The originality of the temple lies in the combination of Gothic vaults with Renaissance forms of the facade and columns.

Moliere, Cardinal Richelieu, and Madame Pompadour were baptized in this church. Here Berlioz and Liszt performed their works on the church organ. Among the artistic treasures of the church are paintings by Rubens and sculptures by Pigalle.

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PALACE OF JUSTICE

In ancient times, a palace of Roman governors stood on this site, and in the 13th century, during the Capetian dynasty, a fortified castle was built, which served as the residence of the first French kings. At the end of the 14th century, the Louvre became the royal palace, and the Parisian parliament was located in the old residence. After the French Revolution, the building became known as the Palace of Justice. Now the highest court in France, the Court of Cassation, is located here.

Slide 25

SAINT-CHAPELLE

The ensemble of the Palace of Justice includes the chapel of Sainte-Chapelle (Holy Chapel), built in the 13th century by order of Louis IX to store the relic - the crown of thorns of Jesus Christ.

Sainte-Chapelle consists of two chapels, located one above the other. The lower one was intended for courtiers. The service for the royal family was held at the top. The chapel is crowned by a 75-meter spire. The openwork rose on the façade dates back to the 15th century. The lancet windows preserve stained glass from the 13th century - 1,134 scenes of biblical subjects.

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FIELD OF MARS

The Champ de Mars was created at the end of the 18th century as a training ground for students of the Military School and was named after the God of War. The first horse races in Paris took place here (1780), the first experiments in aerostatics (1783), and the first attempt to ascend in a hot air balloon (1784). In 1889, the Champ de Mars was chosen as the site for the construction of the Eiffel Tower. At the beginning of the 20th century, a beautiful park was created here.

Slide 27

EIFFEL TOWER

The symbol of Paris and France, the famous Eiffel Tower was built according to the design of engineer Gustave Eiffel in 1889 as an exhibit of the World Industrial Exhibition.

The 324-meter tower has 3 observation platforms: at an altitude of 57, 115 and 276 m. On days of excellent visibility, from the top observation deck the view can cover a space with a radius of up to 70 km.

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PARIS FROM THE HEIGHT OF THE EIFFEL TOWER

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EIFFEL TOWER ILLUMINATION SYSTEM

In 1985, an illumination system was introduced, according to which spotlights were installed inside the tower itself so that their directional light emphasized the lightness and elegance of the structure.

Every 7 years, the Eiffel Tower is painted by hand, adding yellow pigment to the paint, which gives an additional glow in the rays of spotlights and lamps.

Slide 30

MOULIN ROUGE

The most famous cabaret in Paris opened in 1889. According to legend, the Moulin Rouge stage is the birthplace of the cancan. The following performers performed on the cabaret stage: Ella Fitzgerald, Edith Piaf, Frank Sinatra, Elton John, Yves Montand, Jean Gabin, Charles Aznavour, Liza Minnelli.

In 1990, the cabaret was completely rebuilt and equipped with the latest technology; only the wings of the Red Mill remained from the old building.

Slide 31

CENTRAL MARKET FORUM

Once upon a time there were swamps here. The land was then drained and a market was opened in 1137, which became the commercial center of Paris. Zola described this place in his novel The Belly of Paris. The Parisians liked the name and stuck with it. In 1969, the market was closed, and construction of a modern shopping center began in its place. Original buildings made of glass and metal rose above the ground, and a real underground city was created inside. The four underground floors of the Forum go down 17.5 m. Daylight penetrates through the glazed galleries through a complex system of mirrors.

Slide 32

The Forum houses about 250 shops, 20 bars and fast food restaurants, 23 cinema halls, a swimming pool, a sports center, a multimedia library, a winter garden, dance and music halls.

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MONPARNASSE TOWER

The black glass and steel tower, built in 1973 according to the design of the architects Baudouin, Cassan, de Marian and Szabo, rises 210 m above Paris. The fastest elevator in Europe takes passengers to a height of 195 m in 38 seconds. At 56 and 59 Observation platforms are open on the 1st floors of the tower. The appearance of a European skyscraper turned out to be so unnatural that they decided not to build any more similar high-rise buildings in the central part of the city.

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VIEW OF PARIS FROM THE HEIGHT OF THE MONTPARNASSE TOWER

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DISTRICT DEFENCE

La Defense is a business and shopping district in the northwestern part of Paris. It was created in 1957-1989. under the direction of the architect Le Corbusier. “Défense” is translated as “defense,” and according to the plan of the city planners, the area should serve as a “shield” protecting the historical part of Paris, which developed in the 17th-19th centuries, from the influence of modern architecture.

Slide 36

SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT PARIS:

• * Paris in your pocket. – St. Petersburg: Welcome Publishing House, 2008.
• * Paris. – Moscow: Publishing House “Around the World”, 2007.
• * France. – Moscow: Publishing House “Around the World”, 2007.

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Slide 2

Quarter Defense

In 1957, on the initiative of President Charles de Gaulle, construction began business district Defense. The high-rise buildings, original in their architecture, are grouped along the sides of a gigantic esplanade, descending with ledges to the Seine.

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Notre Dame Cathedral

The Notre Dame Cathedral was built on the Ile de la Cité on the initiative of the Parisian bishop Maurice de Sully. Its construction began in the 12th century. and lasted 170 years.

The interior of the cathedral amazes with the scope of its spaces.

The Cathedral is the Heavenly Jerusalem on earth and at the same time a model of the divine universe...

Slide 4

Basilica of Sacre Coeur

One of the most famous symbols of Paris.

It was built with the money of pious French Catholics after a number of national failures. When the first stone was laid (June 16, 1875), a bronze medallion “France Presents the Montmartre Basilica to Christ”, a box with French medals, and a parchment with the protocol of the founding ceremony of the Sacré-Coeur Basilica were placed in the soil of the hill.

From the foot of the dome, reached by 237 steps of a staircase (on the left side of the cathedral), an amazing panorama of Paris opens up.

Slide 5

Grand boulevards, stock exchange

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Bourse building was built on the right bank of the Seine - another example of the lush and cold Napoleonic Empire style, which imitated ancient architecture in everything.

The stock exchange is a place for trading shares, foreign and domestic bonds, as well as gold and currency

Slide 6

Place Vendôme

Place Vendôme was built at the end of the reign of Louis XIV on the site of the possessions of the Duke of Vendôme.

The project was developed by the famous architect Jean Hardouin-Mansart and included the classic layout of the “royal” square: elegant mansions forming a closed rectangle, and an equestrian statue of the monarch in the center.

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Champs Elysees

The name of the avenue is borrowed from Greek mythology. The Champs Elysees, or Elysium, are the “islands of the blessed,” where heroes live who have received immortality from the gods.

In 1616, at the direction of Marie de Medici, three alleys with elms were laid out on the square, and in 1667, under the leadership of the landscape architect Le Nôtre, a walking area was created. The Champs-Élysées is a traditional site for military parades, held here on July 14 (Bastille Day) and November 11 (the end of the First World War).

Slide 8

Elysee Palace

The Elysee Palace is the Parisian residence of the head of the French Republic.

The president's personal office is located in the Golden Salon.

The chef of the Elysée Palace keeps a card file of the menu to avoid repetition of dishes for visitors who dine here not for the first time. According to the protocol, lunch should not last more than one hour and five minutes.

Slide 9

National Center for the Arts Georges Pompidou

Once upon a time, French President Georges Pompidou dreamed: “I would like a cultural center to be built in Paris - at the same time a museum and a creative workshop, where the plastic arts would coexist with music, cinema, books and audiovisual research...”

In 1969, an international competition was announced to design the largest in Europe cultural center. The Georges Pompidou National Center for the Arts was inaugurated on January 31, 1977. On the cobblestone square in front of the center, as if in medieval times, street actors, musicians and acrobats perform.

Slide 10

Ile de la Cité

The Ile de la Cité is “the beginning of all beginnings,” the cradle of the French capital.

During the Carolingian era, the city was attacked by the Normans six times, and each time the inhabitants took refuge on the island, where they erected fortress walls.

In 1607, the New Bridge was thrown across the Seine, and later four more bridges were built.

In April 1962, the Memorial to those killed in Nazi camps was opened on the eastern tip of the island.

Slide 11

Panoramic cinema "Geode"

A giant ball, the mirror surface of which reflects the Parisian sky and the surrounding landscape. This is a panoramic cinema "Geode" with a huge screen with an area of ​​1000 square meters. Today, this building is considered the most perfect spherical structure in the world. When filming and demonstrating films, the latest Omnimax technology (based on the “fish-eye” principle) is used. When a film is shown, the 70mm wide film moves horizontally rather than vertically. The image on the screen is ten times larger than in a regular cinema. Many of the shots are shot from a helicopter and create an immersive effect, sometimes to the point of vertigo.

Slide 12

Place de la Concorde

Place de la Concorde - one of the most beautiful in Paris - occupies a vast area between the Tuileries Garden and Champs Elysees. The square was laid out in the middle of the 17th century according to the design of the architect Gabriel and at first bore the name of Louis XV.

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Place de la Concorde

Luxor abelisk

The obelisk decorating the square is a gift from the Egyptian Viceroy Mehmet Ali. It was brought to Paris from the Temple of Amun in Thebes.

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Place de la Concorde

Giettorf fountains

On both sides of the obelisk, Hittorf installed two 9-meter-high fountains, imitating the fountains of St. Square. Peter's in Rome. The fountains are decorated with statues of Triton, Nereid and other mythical characters, as well as eighteen rostral columns. In the evenings the fountains are illuminated. Work on a major restoration of the fountains has recently been completed.

Slide 15

Eiffel Tower

March 31, 1889: grand opening of the tower; presentation of the Legion of Honor to engineer Gustave Eiffel

10,400 people can be on the tower at the same time. In addition to serving tourists, the tower is used for radio and television broadcasts, as well as a weather service station.

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Triumphal Arch

Built in 1806-1836.

On the walls of the arch are engraved the names of 128 battles won by the Republican and Imperial armies, as well as the names of 658 French military leaders. The arch is surrounded by one hundred granite pedestals (in honor of the “hundred days” of Napoleon’s reign), interconnected by cast iron chains. The inscription on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier: “Here lies a French soldier who gave his life for his Motherland, 1914-1919.”

Slide 17

Zoo in the Bois de Vincennes

The idea of ​​placing animals in this way, simulating their freedom, belongs to the German Karl Hagenbeck, who created a zoo in Hamburg in 1907. The success of the exhibition's zoological park led to the idea of ​​creating a larger park with stylized enclosures imitating wildlife– the natural habitat of each animal. The zoo currently houses about 1,200 animals. The territory of the zoo is 14.5 hectares.

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Botanical Garden

The Royal Garden of Medicinal Herbs and Plants is the oldest garden in Paris.

The garden was intended to teach medicine to students and was the first garden open to the public in Paris.

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Luxembourg Garden

At a time when Paris was not yet Paris, but Gallo-Roman Lutetia, this “suburb” behind the Île de la Cité was called Lucotius - it is from these times that regular visitors call the Luxembourg Garden “Lucot”.

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The museum tells about life in the Middle Ages

Cluny Museum

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Disneyland Park

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Disneyland Park

When news about the world's first Disneyland appeared in June 1955, few could have predicted that in the near future its name would become a household name, associated among people all over the world with a happy childhood and the fulfillment of cherished desires.

This is where amazing adventures begin and miracles happen. There is something exciting for everyone here. Disneyland's attractions and scenarios are unique, its concept is different from any other entertainment venue in the world.

Slide 26

High speed trains

In 1981 the movement was launched high speed trains in France - the first in this regard among European countries. Trains of the TGV family began to operate on a new, specially built for passenger transportation high-speed line (currently such lines are designated as LGV) Paris - Lyon (Fig. 2) initially with maximum speed 260 km/h, later it was increased to 270 km/h.

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Couture fashion

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Paris has always been known to the world as a fashion capital that attracts elegant and beautiful clothes, unique and original, “haute couture”. The term "Haute Couture" literally translated from French stands for "high stitching". But now this term refers specifically to off-line production of the highest class clothing and is translated as “high fashion.” Haute Couture Weeks are held in Paris every year in January and July, usually at the Croiselle du Louvre complex. The richest and the richest consider it their duty to attend haute couture shows. famous people the world who can afford a dress from 100 thousand dollars or more. Collections fly out instantly.

When we say couture, we only mean Paris. It is French legislation that thoroughly establishes what genuine Haute Couture is and who can be called “Couture”, a couturier.

Couture fashion

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