home Equipment Topic in German “Berlin” (Berlin). The main attractions of Berlin: photos with names and descriptions Gross Tiergarten Park

Topic in German “Berlin” (Berlin). The main attractions of Berlin: photos with names and descriptions Gross Tiergarten Park

Berlin is one of the most beloved and visited cities by tourists in Germany and throughout Europe. The list of Berlin attractions alone can take several pages.

Among the places that interest tourists are ancient churches, each of which has its own history, and historical memorial complexes, museums (sometimes very specific, for example, a technical museum or a museum of homosexuality), philharmonic halls and an opera house. Tourists interested in history and culture come here, active recreation and gastronomy, history and religion.

The Brandenburg Gate is a tourist symbol and a kind of calling card of Berlin, like the Roman Colosseum or the Parisian Eiffel Tower. The most famous Berlin landmark marked the beginning of the construction of buildings in the style of Berlin classicism.

Address: Pariser Platz - 10117.

One of the most unusual islands in a world in which being stuck is the dream of many modern Robinsons. Here you can visit the National Gallery, opened in 1876, the Bode Museum (founded in 1904), the Pergamon Museum representing a unique collection of classical antiquities, the Museum of the Ancient East, the Old and New Museums, the Museum of Islamic Art and much more.

Address: Am Lustgarten 1.

The most significant Protestant cathedral in all of Germany is located on Museum Island. The cathedral was built by Kaiser Wilhelm II as a German counterpart to the majestic St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. The building is stunning with its solemn grandeur and is an architectural masterpiece. The cathedral's observation deck allows tourists to view the city from above, providing a panoramic view.

Address: Am Lustgarten- 10178.

This building was erected in honor of the Prussian victory over France in 1871. The column is crowned with a golden statue of the goddess Victoria, lovingly called by locals “Golden Elsie” ( Goldelse). The open observation deck offers an amazing panoramic view, allowing you to see both the park and Berlin.

Address: Großer Stern-10557.

The Cultural Forum includes the Berlin Art Gallery, the New National Gallery, the Engraving Cabinet, the Berlin Philharmonic, the Chamber Music Hall, the State Library and many other important cultural sites and museums of the city. The ball was founded in 1940-1950. in the former West Berlin, has become famous as a cultural symbol of the city and has become a magnificent addition to Museum Island.

Address: Matthaikirchplatz- 10785.

It was built first among the buildings of the Cultural Forum, in 1960-1963, according to the design of G. B. Sharun. The modern building, golden in color and asymmetrical in shape, has become the main performance venue for the famous Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. The Philharmonic Hall is non-standard in design - it is a pentagonal structure that can accommodate 2,500 listeners.

Address: Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße 1-10785.

The Parliament building is not only solemn, but symbolizes Germany: the quadrangular base represents its four most important regions, and the dome symbolizes the unity and inviolability of imperial power. The heroic pages of history associated with the Reichstag are well known Russian tourists. In addition, the Reichstag houses the Museum of Modern Art, which includes one of the best collections in the country.

Address: Platz der Republik 1- 11011.

The Berlin Wall is a concrete fence more than three meters high and 155 kilometers long. It was surrounded by impenetrable barbed wire and not only marked two parts of the German state, but divided many families. The state border along the Berlin Wall existed for more than thirty years.

Address: Bernauer Street 119-13355.

The fall of the wall in 1989 attracted artists from all over the world to transform the dark and gray barrier that divided people into an artistic object. The wall, previously untouchable, is now covered with more than a hundred images. The historical fragment of the Berlin Wall, known as the East Side Gallery, is an art facility, the world's largest open-air gallery.

This is the longest, best preserved section of the Berlin Wall and is of the greatest interest. It is located along the Spree River and is a 1300-meter gallery, which in a unique manner reflects the most important political and historical events in Germany. This section of the wall contains works by famous artists of the world.

Address: Mühlenstraße- 10243.

It arose on the site of a market square and became the center of Belin during its socialist period. The architectural ensemble of Alexanderplatz combines pre-war buildings and buildings of modern architecture. There is a high-rise hotel (extending 123 meters in the air), on the roof of which there are panoramic platforms, as well as a television tower.

Address: Alexanderplatz- 10178 Berlin-Mitte.

A street where many attractions are concentrated - palaces and museums, a center of cultural life, a kind of analogy to American Broadway. There are various historical and cultural buildings, architectural monuments, including Humboldt University, State Opera, German Historical Museum and many others. This world-famous boulevard got its name from two rows of linden trees planted parallel along the pedestrian alley.

One of the oldest historical buildings in Berlin and the largest musical theater in the country, where many famous artists have performed.

Address: Unter den Linden 7- 10117.

Founded in the 17th century, it is renowned for having one of the finest plant collections in the world. Thousands of different plants are presented here and tourists have the opportunity to get acquainted with unusual facts about them.

Address: Königin-Luise-Straße, 6-8-14195.

One of the oldest historical buildings, it commemorates many historical events and important figures. Since 1740 it has been the summer residence of Queen Elizabeth Christina of Prussia. The Empress was a lover of flowers and invested a lot of effort and money into growing palace plants. However, during the Seven Years' War the estate and parks were destroyed. In 1764, the residence building underwent reconstruction and reconstruction, it acquired a modern appearance. The Schönhausen Ballroom is decorated with a unique authentic interior, presenting tourists with the Rococo style.

From 1949 to 1990 the palace housed the residence of Wilhelm Pieck, the only president of the GDR. The State Council of the GDR met in the palace, and the building served as a guest house for delegations. Among the famous guests of Schönhausen are N. Khrushchev, Ho Chi Minh, L. Brezhnev, Fidel Castro, M. Gorbachev, Indira Gandhi, and others. In 1991, the act of signing an agreement took place here, completing the process of unification of post-war Germany.

Address: Tschaikowskistraße -1, 13156.

Treptower Park is familiar to many members of the older generation because of the memorial in honor of Soviet soldiers-liberators who died in the battles near Berlin during the Second World War. The symbol of this memorial is a sculpture of a soldier holding a rescued girl in his arms; there is also a memorial field where unknown soldiers are buried. The memorial was created according to the design of the famous Soviet sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich.

Monuments related to the liberation mission of Soviet soldiers in World War II can be seen in Tiergarten Park, as well as in the park called Schönholzer Heide. The memorial status of these structures and state funding are secured forever.

Address: Puschkinallee- 12435.

Conclusion

There are many other attractions in Berlin, to see more, you can book sightseeing tour around town. It is also recommended to take bus route No. 100 - a regular regular bus for citizens rushing on business, passing by many interesting places, architectural and cultural monuments of Berlin.

The capital of Germany enchants with its extraordinary variety of attractions, rich cultural heritage and lively, yet relaxed life.

It is the contrast between historical buildings and modern architecture, between tradition and modernity, that makes this city stand out. The history of the entire nation is told by Berlin's monuments, from the office of the German Chancellor. The German capital is also home to all important government headquarters, including the historic Reichstag as the seat of parliament.

Countless shopping opportunities await you on the famous Kurfürstendamm Avenue, the elegant Friedrichstrasse and the original boutiques in the courtyards of Hackeschen Hfe.

Berlin and its main attractions

Today Berlin is a huge metropolis, famous for its diversity, tolerance and openness. People of different nationalities, cultures, and religions live here. Every day Berlin is visited by thousands of tourists who do not remain indifferent when they see it.
A large number of Berlin attractions, photos with names of which you can see in any city guide, beckon and fascinate. The city is famous for its history and a myriad of architectural monuments, museums and other interesting places that tell about the culture, traditions, and stages of development of the German capital.

Museums in Berlin

Those who love museum tours should definitely visit Museum Island. This is one of the main ones. You will see photos with the names of the designated museums on the map in any guidebook, which can be purchased in advance.

So, if you are lucky enough to visit the island of five museums, then find the opportunity and time to visit each of them. Pergamon, New and Old Museums, National Gallery, Bode Museum - here full list those places where unique collections of rare exhibits are exhibited.
Charlottenburg is the most beautiful and largest palace in Berlin. It was built at the end of the 17th century and was used for a long time as the main residence of the royal family. The Baroque castle was presented to his beloved wife as a gift by Frederick III.

In ancient times, the only remaining intact city gates of Berlin divided the city into western and eastern parts. After the destruction of the wall, they became a symbol of German unity. Today, this sandstone structure is considered one of the most impressive examples of German classicism.

The entrance gate, built in 1788–1791 according to the plans of Karl Gotthard Langhans, was modeled after Athens Acropolis. On both sides there are six Doric columns dividing the gate into 5 passages connected by a culvert 11 meters deep. In 1793, the gate was designed by Johann Gottfried Schadow as a quadriga leading east to the city center.

In October 2002, the Berlin Senate decided to close the road gates to cars, buses and taxis.

Reichstag

The place where important events in German history took place and continue to take place is located near the Brandenburg Gate of the Reichstag - the headquarters of the German Bundestag. After labor-intensive restoration work, the structure was equipped with a glass dome and has since become a must-see for those who come to Berlin.

In early June 1884, Emperor Wilhelm I struck the cornerstone three times and, according to sources, the hammer broke. The Emperor did not like the Reichstag. He reluctantly accepted the design of architect Paul Wallo and did not even agree with the heavy stone dome he designed. It would be taller than the city castle.

In 1894, after ten years of construction, the Reichstag was ready, and the dome finally rose above the city castle. The Emperor, William's grandson, William II, was outraged by this "peak of bad taste." What could he do? It's simple: he discredited the architect by giving the Reichstag the name "Reichs" and did not allow the inclusion of the inscription "Dem Deutschen Volke" (German nation). The inscription appeared only in 1916.

However, the parliament building still stands today, and its history reflects the turbulent events of Germany's past. At the beginning of November 1918, Philipp Scheidemann's deputy proclaimed a Republic here. At the end of February 1933, a fire broke out in the building. Inexplicably, the plenary hall and dome were on fire. This fire served as a pretext for the National Socialists to persecute political opponents.

Destroyed during the Second World War, the German Reichstag was rebuilt in 1961–1971 according to the plans of the architect Paul Baumgarten in a simplified form, without the dome blown up in 1945. After the reunification of Germany, the Bundestag decided to rebuild the building as the seat of parliament. Building on the site's spacious historic contours, architect Sir Norman Foster rebuilt and expanded the Reichstag to create the modern German parliament building. Initially highly controversial, the transitional glass dome became a symbol of the city.

Since 1999, the Reichstag has again served as the headquarters of the German Bundestag.

Alexanderplatz

In 1805, King Frederick William III proclaimed the union of Prussia and Russia here and gave the square the name of our Emperor Alexander I. Modern Berliners always call this place with the short word “Alex”. This is where the TV tower, immortalized on many postcards, is located. The nearest station is Alexanderplatz.

TV Tower (Fernsehturm)

The tower was built in 1965–1969. It is the tallest building in Germany and the second tallest in the European Union (half a meter taller than the Radio and Television Tower in Riga, Latvia). Due to its location near Alexanderplatz, it is sometimes called Alex's Tower.

Inside the ball, located at an altitude of 203.8 meters above the ground, there is an observation deck. Above the terrace (at an altitude of 207.5 meters) there is a restaurant with a rotating ring where tables are placed. The ring rotates around its axis in half an hour.

About a million people visit the tower every year.

German Historical Museum (DHM, Deutsches Historisches Museum)

The museum was founded in 1987 by Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Berlin era Eberhard Diepen on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of the founding of Berlin. It is located in the Zeughaus, the oldest building on the Unter den Linden Avenue in the central district of Berlin.

Designed by Yuming Bei, the expansion of the History Museum was completed in 2004. In 2006, Zeughaus, built in 1695, was restored. The renovated museum opened the exhibition “The History of Germany in Painting over Two Millennia.”

The "History of Germany in Pictures and Documents" includes 8,000 objects, and this is only a small part of the total resources of the museum, which is the heir to the collections of the Armory, the Prussian Army Museum and the Museum of German History. The exhibition occupies two levels and is divided into nine historical periods. Due to the rich collections, three or four temporary exhibitions are organized on a regular basis.

The town hall is located in the Mitte district and was built during 1861–1869. This is the seat of the mayor of Berlin and the government of the state of Berlin.

The name of the building comes from the color of the facade and the red bricks from which it was built. The author of the architectural and executive design was Hermann Friedrich Wesemann. The architecture of the town hall tower is reminiscent of the tower of Notre Dame Cathedral in Laon, France.

Most of the time it was the seat of local authorities and served as the town hall. During the Cold War and after the building was reconstructed in the 1950s, the building was the seat of the municipal authorities of East Berlin to its original state. After the reunification of Germany and the unification of the city administration, the tower officially became the seat of government for all of Berlin.

Berggruen Museum

The Berggruen Museum collects the private collections of one of Europe's greatest art collectors, Heinz Berggruen. You can admire works of painting and sculpture created by famous artists and representatives of classical modernism. Within the resources of this substantial collection one can discover the artistic achievements of Pablo Picasso, Braque, Alberto Giacometti, Paul Klee, Laurens and Henri Matisse. The museum is located in the so-called “Western Stüler House”, opposite Charlottenburg Palace.

The observation tower was built according to plans by Franz Schwechten between 1897 and 1898 to mark the centenary of the birth of the Prussian King and German Emperor Wilhelm I of Hohenzollern. It was given the name Kaiser-Wilhelm-Turm (Kaiser Wilhelm Tower). After the events of the First World War, it was renamed Grunewaldturm, which is associated with the surrounding forest - Grunewald.

The tower is made of red brick and has a height of 56 meters. It is located on the 79-meter Carlsberg hill in southwest Berlin, near the Grosser Wannsee lake. There is a round hall with a marble statue of William and the Hohenzollerns. TO observation deck leads up 204 steps from which you can see the Havel and the Grunewald Forest. The building also has a restaurant and beer garden.

Berlin Zoo

One of the largest zoos in Germany. It is located in Berlin's Tiergarten district, close to the S-Bahn station railway and the Zoologischer Garten train station in the city center.

The zoo opened in August 1844 and became the first zoological garden in Germany. The first species of animals were donated by the King of Prussia, Frederick William IV of Hohenzollern, from the Tiergarten Menagerie and Poultry House. During the battles of WWII (World War II), the garden areas were completely destroyed. Only 91 animals survived.

Currently, the zoo houses almost 14 thousand animals from 1,500 different species. Everything is located on 35 hectares in historical cells. All animals are kept in pens with natural conditions.

The Berlin Zoo is one of the most important institutions of its kind in Europe. About 2.6 million people from all over the world visit it annually. It is open all year round and enjoys a prime location with easy access to Berlin by train. public transport. Visitors can enter the zoo's exotically decorated Elephant Gate, located next to the Aquarium on Budapest Street, or through the Lion Gate on Hardenbergplatz.

This is the largest Protestant church in Europe. It was built between 1894 and 1905 according to the plans of the architect Julius Karl Raschdorf from Pszczyna. In 1944, the Berliner Dom was damaged by Allied raids, and reconstruction began only in 1975. The temple has 1,500 seats and is one of the largest in Berlin. It is here that ecumenical services are most often held on the occasion national holidays or at important moments for the country.

The modern Berlin Cathedral is not only a charitable institution, but also the tomb of the German royal Hohenzollern family. The nearest metro stations are Alexanderplatz and Spittelmarkt.

Museum Island

The Berlin Island Museum is the northern end of the island on the Spree River and at the same time a fascinating synthesis of art from five world famous museums, creating a unique architectural ensemble.

In 1999, Museum Island was recognized as a unique complex in the world in terms of architecture and culture, thanks to which it became part of the UNESCO heritage. In the south of the island, near the Castle Bridge and the Berlin Cathedral, is the Old Museum. The Lustgarten park stretches out in front of him. Connected to the north are the New Museum and the grandiose Old National Gallery. From the Kupfergraben moat stands the Pergamon Museum. Bode completes the complex.

The three wings of the Alfred Messel Museum are visited by almost a million people a year, which rightfully gives it the status of the most popular place of its type in Berlin. There are three museums inside: The Collection ancient art with rooms dedicated to architecture and sculpture, Central Asia (Borderasiatic) and Islamic art. The Pergamon Museum owes its worldwide fame to its impressive reconstructions of architectural ensembles obtained during excavations.

In 2006, after six years of reconstruction, Bode was reopened (the cost of major renovations was 152 million euros). The museum includes, among others, a collection of paintings (including Donatello, Verrocchio, Bernini), ivory sculptures from the 17th and 18th centuries, a collection of Byzantine art and a numismatic department containing coin collections from the 7th century BC to the 20th century. In summer the opposite shore is popular place youth meetings.

New Museum

In 1841, Friedrich August Stüler began construction of the Neues Museum. It used steam power and an industrially prepared support structure - it was a sensation in terms of construction technology. During the war, the structure was destroyed and remained ruins until 1999. It was then that reconstruction began, which lasted 10 years. Since its re-opening in 2009, it has housed the Egyptian Museum as well as the Museum of Prehistory and Ancient History. The most magnificent specimen is Nefertiti.

Old National Gallery

The Old National Gallery building with its monumental staircase towers over the island like an ancient temple. For the architect who drew up the project, Friedrich August Stüler, the model was the Acropolis in Athens. The newly opened structure, restored at a cost of 74 million euros, has illuminated Museum Island since 2001. The gallery was created in 1867–1876 and presented a collection of works of classicism, romanticism, Biedermeier, impressionism and early modernism.

Old Museum

The building in the classical style with a rotunda, dome and portal with columns, designed by the master architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel in 1830, was the first public museum in Prussia. After war damage and reconstruction in the 1960s, the structure was earmarked for another renovation, which has been planned since 2012. It included repairs to the glazed roof, courtyards and external staircases. The duration of the update is at least four years. Estimated cost: 128 million euros.

On the ground floor there are mainly collections of Greek, Etruscan and Roman sculptures, and on the first floor there are collections of ancient Egyptian art (the most famous are exhibits from Tell el-Amarna, the capital of Pharaoh Akhenaten).

This is the symbol of Berlin. The most beautiful and largest surviving Hohenzollern residence in the capital, it was erected as the summer residence of the first Queen of Prussia, Sophia Charlotte, whose name is given to the palace and its surroundings.

Subsequent generations designed and modified the shape of the palace to suit the style prevailing at the time. That's why at Charlottenburg Palace you can admire the interior of many eras: the old palace with its elegant, splendid Baroque rooms and famous porcelain cabinet, as well as the new wing that Frederick the Great ordered to be built in 1742. The famous palace garden contains the mausoleum of Queen Louise, a belvedere with the collection of the royal porcelain workshop and a new pavilion.

Alley under the linden trees (Unter den Linden)

This magnificent Berlin boulevard is the old central point of Berlin, connecting the Brandenburg Gate with the Castle Bridge (Schlossbrcke). Numerous important sites are located along this boulevard, such as the Humboldt-Universitt or the State Opera and notable monuments such as the New Guardhouse (Neue Wache) or the Old Arsenal (Zeughaus).

After the WWII finale, the alley was one big stone - with the exception of the Berlin City Castle. In 1950, the then General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party of Socialist Unity of Germany, Walter Ulbricht, decided to blow up and level the castle as a symbol of Prussian absolutism. Other still existing structures were gradually rebuilt. Proper construction work, however, only began in 1958. At that time, buildings typical of the 60s were created with identical facades. The Palace of the Republic was built on the site of the City Palace, which was closed and demolished after German reunification due to the asbestos used in its construction.

After the long-awaited destruction of the Berlin Wall, many new buildings were restored and built. Thus, the Lustgarten, previously used as a square parade, again took the form of a real garden, corresponding to the plans of Peter Joseph Lenné.

Glienicke hunting lodge (Jagdschloss Glienicke)

Hunting lodge Glienicke is located in Berlin, in the Wannsee region. The palace was built in 1682 by order of the Elector of Brandenburg and the Prussian Prince Friedrich Wilhelm I. Since 1939, the palace belonged to Berlin. After the events of WWII, the hunting lodge served as a center for orphans, a youth hostel, the seat of a cadet school and was a refuge for Berlin residents displaced from Neubabelsberg. The Berlin Palace was often rebuilt, the final character of the neo-Renaissance era was obtained in 1889, and this is how it looks to this day. In 1990, Jagdschloss Glienicke was included in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Jewish Museum (Jdisches Museum Berlin)

The museum building was built according to the design of Daniel Libeskind, following the example of the Star of David. Opened in 2001, the museum is a kind of monument to the life of the Jewish nation in Germany from the Middle Ages to the present day. The modern silver shimmering architecture of the museum building represents Jewish culture and German-Jewish history. Museum resources motivate visitors and make them think.

KaDeWe

Even if you have no money at all, this store is worth seeing. KaDeWe is the same trading symbol of Germany as GUM in Moscow. The department store was founded in 1905 by Adolf Jandorf. You can get to it by above-ground metro. Exit at Wittenbergplatz station.

Triumphal Column (Siegessaule)

The column is located in the Tiergarten park and was built to commemorate the Prussian victory over Denmark in 1864. A sort of symbol of the power of Germany.

The column with the statue has a height of 67 m. Inside the column there is a staircase leading to an observation deck (at a height of 50 meters), from which you can admire the view of the Tiergarten park and the panorama of Berlin. At the top of the column was a bronze statue of Nike (Victoria), 8.3 meters high and 35 tons, created by Friedrich Drake. Initially, the triumphal column appeared on the Royal Square, but by order of Adolf Hitler it was moved to the Big Star Square. She remains there to this day.

The nearest metro station is Hansaplatz

Kurfürstendamm

Berlin's favorite pedestrian street. The boulevard is about 3.5 km long and runs from Breitscheidplatz with the Kaiser Wilhelm Church in Charlottenburg to Rathenauplatz in Grunewald, where the suburban part of the western part of the city begins.

All Germans call this famous pedestrian street Kudamm for short.

There are many shops, bars and restaurants around Breitscheidplatz. Quiet side streets such as Fasanenstrasse, the city's most prestigious shopping street, are home to high-end boutiques and cafés in exquisite turn-of-the-century buildings.

During the Cold War, the boulevard was a showcase of capitalist society. The nearest metro stations are Alexanderplatz and Kurfrstendamm

Potsdamer Platz

This is one of the largest and busiest squares in the center of Berlin. Almost 70,000 visitors visit it every day. Now it is one of the cruise points and the central point where Berliners do their shopping. It is also Berlin's main entertainment center. The three cinemas located there have a total of about forty screens on which films are shown, one large screen where the most important cultural and entertainment events are broadcast, a film academy and a cinema museum.

"Topography of Terror"

The Topography of Terror museum building is located next to the site where the Nazi terror headquarters were located from 1933 to 1945: the Gestapo (and its prison), the SS command, the SS security service and the Reich Main Security Office. From here came the persecution and destruction of political opposition to National Socialism within the country and abroad. The genocide of European Jews and Gypsies was organized here.

The Center's exhibition, opened in 2010, documents the history of this site, located in close proximity to the Nazi government's terrorist establishment, and the crimes they committed throughout Europe. The exhibition is complemented by 15 information stations in the area and another exhibition, which can be visited from spring to autumn along the excavated remains of the prison walls on Niederkirchner Strasse.

Checkpoint Charlie

During the Cold War, one of the most famous border crossings between the GDR and the territory of West Berlin. It was located on Friedrichstrasse, at the intersection with Zimmerstrasse, in the heart of Berlin, and was then divided by the Berlin Wall. The official name of the crossing on the East German side was Zimmerstrae. On the west side, at the intersection, there was the Kochstrae metro station.

At the pass, the Western Allies (US, French and British soldiers) did not check everyone crossing the border. At their stand, they announced a trip to East Berlin (in their interests, in the event of detention or disappearance in the GDR) of only military personnel of the Western allies. However, careful control of all those who crossed the border was carried out on the side of the GDR. According to the decision of the authorities, the passage was intended only for foreigners (that is, not Germans) - as ordinary tourists, and diplomatic personnel.

In 1991, the US Army officially abandoned Charlie. Currently, it houses the Berlin Wall Museum and a symbolic border checkpoint - a tourist attraction where you can buy a border control stamp in the occupation zone of your choice.

Oberbaumbrücke Bridge

The bridge over the Spree River connects two German regions - Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain. It was built between 1894 and 1896. Served as a border crossing between the East and West sides of Berlin from 1961–1989. Thanks to this, the bridge has become an important symbol of the unity of the city.

25 Sights of Berlin updated: March 5, 2020 by: Amazing-world!

Berlin ist die Hauptstadt Deutschlands. Berlin ist eine Stadt und auch ein Bundesland, wie Hamburg oder Bremen. Mit rund 3.5 Millionen Einwohnern ist Berlin die zweitgrößte Stadt der EU.

Die Metropole an der Spree ist über 770 Jahre alt. Nach 1949 war die Stadt in zwei Teile geteilt. Das waren West- und Ostberlin. Die Grenze zwischen zwei Teilen war seit 1961 die Berliner Mauer. Nach dem Fall der Mauer 1989 und nach der Wiedervereinigung 1990 wurde Berlin wieder Hauptstadt des Landes.

Wenn Sie die Stadt kennen lernen wollen, beginnen Sie Ihren Spaziergang am Alexanderplatz oder Alex. Dieser riesige Platz ist ein beliebter Treffpunkt der Berliner. Auf dem Alexanderplatz befinden sich das Hotel Park Inn Berlin, die berühmte Weltzeituhr und einige große Kaufhäuser.

Neben dem Alexanderplatz befindet sich das höchste Gebäude in Berlin, der Fernsehturm. Neben dem Fernsehturm liegen das Rote Rathaus und die Marienkirche. Das Rote Rathaus ist der Sitz des Bürgermeisters.

In der Nähe des Rathauses liegt das alte historische Nikolai-Viertel. Die gemütliche Atmosphäre des Nikolai-Viertels mit vielen Cafés, Restaurants und Souvenirläden zieht viele Touristen an. Das Herz des Viertels ist die Nikolaikirche, die älteste Kirche Berlins.

Auf dem anderen Spreeufer befindet sich die größte Kirche Berlins - der majestätische Berliner Dom.

Ein Stück weiter beginnt Unter den Linden - die berühmte Hauptstraße Berlins. Hier gibt es viele Sehenswürdigkeiten, zum Beispiel die Humboldt Universität, die Alte Bibliothek und die Staatsoper.

Die Straße führt zum Brandenburger Tor. Hier war bis 1989 die Grenze zwischen Ost und West. Heute ist das Brandenburger Tor das Wahrzeichen der Stadt und der Einheit. Rechts vom Brandenburger Tor befindet sich der Reichstag. Die gläserne Kuppel des Reichstages ist eine beliebte Touristenattraktion.

Wenn Sie vom Brandenburger Tor nach links gehen, kommen Sie bald zum Potsdamer Platz. Seit 1962 war der große Platz wegen der Mauer öde und leer. Während der 90er-Jahre war hier eine riesige Baustelle. Heute ist er eine wichtige Sehenswürdigkeit Berlins. Die Touristen bewundern hier die futuristische Architektur der Hochhäuser und das gläserne Zeltdach des Sony Centers.

Wenn Sie vom Potsdamer Platz mit der U2 Richtung Ruhleben fahren, kommen Sie schnell ins Zentrum von Westberlin. Hier, am Wittenbergplatz liegt das prächtige KaDeWe, oder das Kaufhaus des Westens. Es ist das größte und das schönste Kaufhaus in Kontinentaleuropa. Ein Stück weiter befindet sich die Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche. Ihr zerstörter Turm soll an den Krieg erinnern. An der Gedächtniskirche beginnt der Kurfürstendamm, oder Ku'Damm, die bekannteste Straße Westberlins, mit vielen Luxushotels, Restaurants, Cafés, Kinos und Kaufhäusern.

Die Tag und Nacht geöffnete Metropole ist heute eine Stadt von Weltrang. In Berlin ist immer viel los. Hier findet jeder etwas für sich.

Wenn Sie sich für Kunst interessieren, gehen Sie zur Museumsinsel. Sie liegt hinter dem Berliner Dom und ist der größte Museumskomplex Europas mit 17 Museen. Wenn Sie Ruhe und Natur mögen, gehen Sie in den Tiergarten, den größten und den schönsten Stadtpark Berlins, spazieren. Wenn Sie sich für Technik interessieren, besuchen Sie unbedingt das spannende Deutsche Technikmuseum. Und wenn Sie ein Tierfreund sind, liegt Ihr Weg in den Berliner Zoo. Viel Spaß!

Translation

Berlin is the capital of Germany. Berlin is a city and a federal state, like Hamburg or Bremen. With a population of approximately 3.5 million people, Berlin is the second largest city in the EU.

The metropolis on the Spree is over 770 years old. After 1949 the city was divided into two parts. These were West and East Berlin. The border between the two parts has been the Berlin Wall since 1961. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and after reunification in 1990, Berlin again became the capital of the country.

If you want to get to know the city, start your walk at Alexanderplatz or Alex. This huge square is a popular meeting place for Berliners. Alexanderplatz has the Park Inn Berlin, the famous world clock and several large department stores.

Next to Alexanderplatz is the tallest building in Berlin, the TV Tower. Next to the TV tower are the Red Town Hall and St. Mary's Church. The Red Town Hall is the residence of the mayor.

Next to the town hall is the old historical quarter of Nikolaivirtel. The cozy atmosphere of Nikolaivirtel with many cafes, restaurants and souvenir shops attracts many tourists. The heart of the quarter is St. Nicholas Church, the oldest church in Berlin.

On the other side of the Spree River lies the largest church in Berlin, the majestic Berlin Cathedral.

A little further begins Unter den Linden - the famous the main street Berlin. There are many attractions here, such as the Humboldt University, the Old Library and the State Opera House.

The street leads to the Brandenburg Gate. Here until 1989 there was a border between East and West. Today the Brandenburg Gate is a symbol of the city and unity. To the right of the Brandenburg Gate is the Reichstag. The glass dome of the Reichstag is a popular tourist attraction.

If you go left from the Brandenburg Gate, you will soon reach Potsdamer Platz. Since 1962, this huge area has been abandoned and empty due to the wall. During the 90s, the square was a huge construction site. Today it is an important landmark in Berlin. Tourists admire the futuristic architecture of skyscrapers and the glass roof of the Sony Center pavilion.

If you take the U-Bahn (line U2 towards Ruhleben) from Potsdamer Platz you will quickly reach the center of West Berlin. Here on Wittenbergplatz is the magnificent KaDeWe, or Department Store of the West. This is the largest and most beautiful department store in continental Europe. A little further is the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church. Its destroyed tower should be a reminder of the war. At the Church of Remembrance begins the Kurfürstendamm, or Kudamm, the most famous street in West Berlin, with a large number of luxury hotels, restaurants, cafes, cinemas and department stores.

Open day and night, the metropolis is today a world-class city. Berlin is always bustling with life. Everyone can find something for themselves here.

If you are interested in art, go to Museum Island. It lies behind the Berlin Cathedral and is the largest museum complex in Europe with 17 museums. If you love peace and nature, go for a walk in the Tiergarten, the largest and most beautiful park in Berlin. If you're interested in technology, don't forget to visit the fascinating Deutsche Technische Museum. And if you are an animal lover, then your path lies in the Berlin Zoo. We hope you have a great time!

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Open lesson on the topic: “Sights of Germany. Berlin" is a combined foreign language lesson using modern pedagogical technologies: multimedia, audio, video broadcasts, which contributes to the individualization of learning, develops the motive of speech activity, has an emotional impact on students, and thereby increases the effectiveness of teaching a foreign language.

This lesson is included in the training program in the “Developmental Course” section. Designed for 2nd year students studying according to III generation standards. Prepared taking into account modern educational technologies. Develops the necessary language skills and speech skills provided for by the program; skills of a rational approach to working with language material; develops the ability to apply strategies for completing tasks. Forms an algorithm for effective communication in German.

In order to better manage educational activities and encourage students to engage in purposeful active work, homework was given in advance - preparing a presentation on the topic. This made it possible to ensure a state of interest, passion, and also stimulate the intellectuality and activity of students. The formation of the intellectual qualities of a student’s personality is helped by the unusual, non-standard form of presentation of the material.

This methodological development can be used as a model when planning a foreign language lesson using innovative technologies.

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State Autonomous Educational Institution of Secondary Vocational Education of the Sverdlovsk Region

SAOU SPO SO "Krasnoturinsky Industrial College"

Methodological development

open lesson

in German

on the topic: “Sights of Germany. Berlin"

German teacher

Zyryanova E.G.

Krasnoturinsk

2013

annotation

This methodological development can be used as a model when planning a foreign language lesson using innovative technologies.

Open lesson on the topic: “Sights of Germany. Berlin"

Lesson type : Generalization and systematization of knowledge.

The purpose of the lesson : to develop communication skills in different types of speech activity: listening, reading, writing.

Lesson objectives:

Practical problems:

develop monologue speech skills on the topic “Berlin”.

activate lexical units on the topic “Berlin”;

improve the skills of search reading and extracting the necessary information from what is read;

teach students monologue statements of a narrative type;

summarize and consolidate the grammatical topic “Past conversational tense” - Perfekt

Educational objectives:

to form linguistic and cultural competence;

expand your horizons;

improve skills in using the educational opportunities of the Internet;

develop the ability to analyze and summarize educational material.

Developmental tasks:

develop students' initiative and thinking;

develop linguistic conjecture;

develop interpersonal communication skills and abilities.

Educational tasks:

promote a sense of collectivism and mutual assistance.

Lesson equipment : computer, projector, map of Germany with outlines of federal states and names of cities in Germany, key words, key questions, creative project work of students in German (presentations).

The final stage of the lesson:

Systematize and control knowledge about the sights of Berlin using a task (crossword puzzle).

General competencies developed in the lesson:

OK 3. Make decisions in standard and non-standard situations and take responsibility for them.

OK 4. Search and use information necessary for the effective performance of professional tasks, professional and personal development.

OK 5. Master information culture, analyze and evaluate information using information and communication technologies.

OK 6. Work in a team and team, communicate effectively with colleagues, management, and consumers.

OK 7. Take responsibility for the work of team members (subordinates), the result of completing tasks.

OK 8. Independently determine the tasks of professional and personal development, engage in self-education, consciously plan professional development.

OK 9. To navigate the conditions of frequent changes in technology in professional activities.

Levels of activity	Lesson steps	Developed competencies
Emotional-psychological	2.Developing skills in using the “Learning in Collaboration” system (work in small groups to prepare messages on the topic)	OK 3, OK 7, OK 4
Regulatory	1.Checking the level of mastery of skills in using lexical units and speech patterns on the topic 2. Testing the skills and abilities of understanding German speech by ear (listening) on the topic. 3.Identification of the level of development of foreign language text listening skills	OK 4, OK 5, OK 6
Social	Practicing skills in using the “Learning in Collaboration” system (work in small groups to prepare messages on the topic)	OK 4, OK 5, OK 6
Analytical	1.Checking the level of mastery of skills in using lexical units and speech patterns on the topic 2. Testing the skills and abilities of understanding German speech by ear (listening) on the topic. Identification of the level of development of foreign language text listening skills	OK 3
Creative	2.Use of information and computer technologies for productive demonstration of the practical application of knowledge (presentations) 3. Improving the skills of search reading and extracting the necessary information from what is read (filling out a crossword puzzle based on the text read)	OK 8
Self-improvement	1.Developing skills in using the “Learning in Collaboration” system (work in small groups to prepare messages on the topic) 2.Checking the level of mastery of skills in using lexical units and speech patterns on the topic 3.Use of information and computer technologies for productive demonstration of the practical application of knowledge (presentations)	OK 7, OK 8, OK 9

During the classes

1). Speech exercise

Students, together with the teacher, pronounce tongue twisters in German:

1.Kleine Kinder können keine Kirschkerne knacken.

2.Oljas Ohren sind verloren.

3.Mama, Papa, Oma, Opa fahren gern mit Antons Mofa.

4.Der Richter richtet richtig.

5.Neun Nähnadeln nähen neun Nachtmützen, neun Nachtmützen nähen neun Nähnadeln.

6.Milch macht müde Manner munter.

7.Nur wenige wissen wie viel man wissen muss, um zu wissen wie wenig man weiss.

8.Zwischen zwei Zweigen sitzen zwei zwitschernde Spatzen.

9.Rasch rollt Rudis Rad.

10.Fünf fleissige Fischer fangen fünf fette Fische.

11.Ich stecke meinen Kopf in einen kupfernen Topf.

12.Fischer Fritz fischt frische Fische, frische Fische fischt Fischer Fritz.

13.Schneiderschere schneidet scharf, scharf schneidet Schneiderschere.

14.Zehn Ziegen zogen zwei Zentner Zucker zum Zoo.

2).Conversation between the teacher and the group (approximate questions)

· Reisen Sie germen?

· Womit reisen sie gewohnlich?

· Wo waren Sie?

· Welche Stadte haben Sie besucht?

· Waren Sie in Germany?

· Mochten Sie nach Deutschland fahren? Wozu?

3). Testing the skills and abilities of understanding German speech by ear (listening) on the topic. Identification of the level of development of foreign language text listening skills.

Tasks for students before listening to the text:

1.Listen to the text about the history of Berlin.

2. Determine the main idea of the text.

3.Retell what you heard in your native language in your own words or in German.

4.Answer questions based on the text.

5.Have a free conversation with the teacher about the text you heard.

Listening text

Berlin

Berlin ist die Hauptstadt der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Es wurde im 13. Jahrhundert gegründet. Im 19. Jahrhundert hatte sich Berlin zu einer der größten Städte Europas entwickelt. 1871 wurde Berlin zur Hauptstadt des deutschen Kaiserreiches.

Vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg war es Verkehrsknotenpunkt und Handelszentrum von Deutschland. Während des Krieges wurde Berlin sehr stark zerstört, dann aber schnell wiederaufgebaut. Von 1948 bis 1990 war Berlin in Ost und WestBerlin geteilt. Jetzt ist Berlin wieder die Hauptstadt des vereinten Deutschlands. Berlin hat 3.4 Millionen Einwohner und ist die größte Stadt der BRD. Es ist ein wichtiges politisches, industrielles, wissenschaftliches und kulturelles Zentrum.

Alle wichtigen Industriezweige sind hier vertreten. Besonders entwickelt sind die Elektroindustrie, der Maschinenbau und die chemische Industrie. Das Wahrzeichen von Berlin ist das Brandenburger Tor.

Es ist von herrlichen Seen und Wäldern umgeben. Das internationale Ansehen Berlins wächst mit jedem Jahr und sehr oft wird es zum Tagungsort wichtiger internationaler Treffen.

Berlin - die Hauptstadt und auch der Regierungssitz Deutschlands ist ein wichtiger Mittelpunkt der Politik, Kultur, Medien und Wissenschaft in der Europäischen Union.

4).Developing skills in using the “Learning in Collaboration” system (work in small groups to prepare messages on the topic). Students prepare messages in advance as homework.

Using information and computer technologies to effectively demonstrate the practical application of knowledge (presentations).

5).Checking the level of mastery of skills in using lexical units and speech patterns on the topic.

Getting to know the sights of Berlin. Watch a video clip.

Sehenswurdigkeiten Berlins

1. Brandenburger Tor (Brandenburg Gate)befindet sich am Pariser Platz und wurde in den Jahren von 1788 bis 1791 erbaut.

2. Reichstagsgebäude (Reichstag Building) wurde 1884 – 1894 gebaut. Nach dem spektakulären Reichstagsbrand 1933 ist er heute wieder aufgebaut und Sitz des Deutschen Bundestages.

3.Unter den Linden mit der russischen Botschaft (Boulevard Unter den Linden with the Russian Embassy)kann zur Museumsinsel und in den östlichen Teil zu demFernsehturm gelangt werden. Besonders interessant ist die Straße aufgrund dessen, dass bei Folgen des Straßenverlaufs an vielen Berliner Sehenswürdigkeiten vorbeigefahren wird.

4.Berliner Mauer (Remains of the Berlin Wall) Symbol des Konflikts im Kalten Krieg zwischen den Westmächten unter Führung der Vereinigten Staaten und dem Ostblock unter Führung der Sowjetunion.

5.Sowjetisches Ehrenmal in Treptower park (Monument to the Soldier-Liberator in Treptower Park) wurde im Mai 1949 fertiggestellte Anlage im Auftrag der sowjetischen Truppen errichtet, um die im Zweiten Weltkrieg gefallenen Soldaten der Roten Armee zu ehren. Die zum Monument gehörende Statue ist mit Hügel und Sockel insgesamt 30 Meter hoch.

6.Neues Museum (New Museum) - zweite Museum auf der Museumsinsel wurde als Erweiterungsbau für die im Alten Museum nicht unterzubringenden Sammlungen erforderlich.

7.Berliner Dom (Berlin Cathedral), Altes Museum (Old Museum) wurde von 1894 – 1905 errichtet und diente als Gotteshaus für den deutschen Kaiser und seine Familie.

8.Aquarium (Aquarium)

9.Marienkirche (St. Mary's Church) wurde 1270 gebaut und die zweitälteste Kirche der Stadt ist. Im Inneren der Kirche finden Sie das wohl älteste Fresko Deutschlands, den „Totentanz“,

10.Fernsehturm (TV tower) auf dem Alexanderplatz (Alexanderplatz)mit der Spitze eine Hohe von 368 m. Bis zum Telecafe ist eine Höhe von 207 m. Außerdem zählt er mit seiner Höhe auch zu den vier höchsten Gebäuden in ganz Europa.

11.Rotes Rathaus (Red Town Hall) ist heute Sitz des Berliner Senats und des regierenden Bürgermeisters.

12.Museumsinsel (Museum Island) ist das nördliche Teil der Spreeinsel in der historischen Mitte von Berlin. Sie ist mit ihren Museen heute ein vielbesuchter touristischer Anlaufpunkt und einer der wichtigsten Museumskomplexe der Welt.

13.Checkpoint Charlie (Former checkpoint - checkpoint Charlie)war nämlich der wohl populärste Grenzübergang zwischen Ost- und Westberlin zu DDR Zeiten.

6). Summarizing and consolidating the grammatical topic “Past conversational tense” - Perfekt using information on the topic of the lesson.

Task: Put the auxiliary verbs “haben” or “sein” in the correct form (Perfekt):

1.Die Hauptstadt der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Berlin.... an der Spree gelegen.

2.Dann ... es ein kleines Walddorf (Fischerdorf) gewesen.

3.Berlin ... im 13.ten Jahrhundert aus 2 kleinen Stadten entstanden.

4.Wahrend des Krieges... die ganze Stadt fast zerstort.

5.Berlin ... fast vier Millionen Einwohner gezählt.

6.Das ... eine der schönsten Städte Europas mit vielen Sehenswürdigkeiten gewesen.

7.Die breite grüne Straße "Unter den Linden" ... vom Brandenburger Tor bis zum Alexanderplatz geführt.

8.Sie ... mit 321 Linden gepflanzt.

9.Dieser Platz ... seinen Namen dem russischen Zaren Alexander dem Ersten zu Ehren bekommen.

10.Nicht weit davon... sich das Rote Rathaus befunden.

11.Die Stadt ... 1237 gegründet.

12.Die Touristen ... das Reichstagsgebäude, die Humboldt-Universität, das Ehrenmal für die Sowjetsoldaten im Treptow-Park und Berliner Tierpark besichtigt.

7). Improving search reading skills and extracting necessary information from what is read (filling out a crossword puzzle based on the text read)

Spaziergang durch Berlin

Beginnen Sie Ihren Spaziergang auf dem Alexanderplatz . Dieser Platz gehörte in den 20er Jahren zu den belebtesten Plätzen Berlins. Er bekam 1805 seinen Namen zu Ehren des russischen Zaren Alexander I. Vom Alex ,wie die Berliner diesen Platz nennen, sind es nur wenige Schritte bis zum höchsten Bauwerk Berlins, dem Berliner Fernsehturm , der knapp 370m misst. Er entstand anläßlich des 20. Jahrestages der DDR. Wenn Sie im rotierenden Cafe` in der Kugel des Turmes Platz nehmen, erleben Sie in 30 min einen phantastischen Rundblick auf die Stadt.

Direkt vor dem Fernsehturm befindet sich die Marienkirche , die um 1270 gebaut wurde unddie zweitälteste Kirche der Stadtist. Im Inneren der Kirche finden Sie das wohl älteste Fresko Deutschlands, den „Totentanz“ , der im15. Jahrhundert entstand.

Nur wenige Meter von der Kirche entfernt, steht der Neptunbrunnen. Er wurde 1891 gebaut.

und war ein Geschenk der Berliner Bürgerschaft an ihren König.

Wenn Sie sich jetzt nach links wenden, haben Sie das Rote Rathaus (Bauzeit 1861 – 68) vor sich, denSitz des Regierenden Bürgermeistersvon Berlin. Beim Nähergehen achten Sie auf zwei links und rechts des Weges stehende Sculpturen aus den sozialistischen Zeiten der Stadt: zwei Werktätige in Arbeitskluft und mit Werkzeugen in den kräftigen Händen.

An das Rote Rathaus schließt sich das Nikolaiviertel an, die „Wiege“ Berlins . Kleine Geschäfte und Boutiquen, hübsche Restaurants und zahlreiche historische Details warten im Nikolaiviertel darauf, vom interessierten Spaziergänger entdeckt zu werden. Eine Skulptur erinnert an echte und erfundene Berliner Originale: den Eckensteher Nante, die Blumenfrau Jette und den Schusterjungen, nach dem ein Berliner Roggenbrötchen benannt wurde.

Im Zentrum sehen Sie die Nikolaikirche . Sie entstand um 1230 und ist dieälteste Kirche Berlins. Heute befindet sich das Museum für Stadtgeschichte Darin. Haben Sie das Nikolaiviertel bis an das Spreeufer durchquert, sehen Sie auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite den Marstall (Bauzeit: 1896 – 1901) vor sich. Dieses Gebäude beherbergte damals Pferde und Kutschen des Königs, heute ist die Berliner Stadtbibliothek darin untergebracht. An die Stadtbibliothek schließt sich der Palast der Republik der DDR an. An seiner Stelle befand sich vordem das Berliner Stadtschloß . Im Krieg stark beschädigt, wurde es in den 50er Jahren abgetragen. Es galt als das schönste Bauwerk des norddeutschen Barock. Bis jetzt streitet man sich über seinen Wiederaufbau oder den Erhalt des Palastes der Republik als historisches Zeugnis des Sozialismus. Vorbei am Palast und amDenkmal der Begründer des wissenschaftlichen Sozialismus Karl Marx und Friedrich Engels gelangen Sie zum Berliner Dom. Er wurde von 1894 – 1905 errichtet und diente als Gotteshaus für den deutschen Kaiser und seine Familie. Das prunkvoll gestaltete kaiserliche Treppenhaus , über das der Kaiser separat seinen Platz in der Kirche erreichen konnte und dieFürstengruft der Hohenzollern(preußische Dynastie) sind in der Kirche u.a. zu besichtigen.

Von den Domtreppen blicken Sie direkt auf den Lustgarten , der sich gerade in der Umgestaltung befindet, und auf das Alte Museum, das den Beginn der Museumsinsel markiert. 5 weltberühmte Museen stehen hier dicht beieinander: neben demAlten Museum die Nationalgalerie, das Neue Museum, das Bodemuseum und das Pergamonmuseum.

Vor dem Alten Museum zum Lustgarten hin steht eine große Granitschale , die 6m im Durchmesser mißt und aus einem einzigen großen Stein angefertigt wurde. Der Lustgarten

war in früheren Zeiten königlicher Gemüsegarten , in dem auf Geheiß Friedrich II. die ersten Kartoffeln in Preußen angebaut wurden.

Vom Lustgarten kommen Sie zur Schloßbrücke, die mit acht Marmorskulpturen Schinkels geschmückt ist. In der Friedrichwerderschen Kirche links von der Schlossbrücke befindet sich heute ein Museum mit Werken des berühmten Architekten und Künstlers Schinkel.

An der Schloßbrücke beginnt die berühmte Berliner Strasse"Unter den Linden".

Auf der rechten Seite steht das heutige Deutsche Historische Museum, das frühere Zeughaus , das Waffenarsenal das Königs (Bauzeit: 1695 – 1706). Architektonisch besonders wertvoll ist der Innenhof des Gebäudes, der mit 18 Masken sterbender Krieger geschmückt ist, die der Architekt und Bildhauer Andreas Schlüter Schuf. Mit Meisterschaft gestaltete er auf den Gesichtern der Krieger den verschiedenartigen Ausdruck von Schmerz und Leid im Angesicht des Todes.

An das Gebäude schließt sich die Neue Wache (1816 – 18) im Kastanienwäldchen an. In diesem ehemaligenAufenthaltsort für die Wachmannschaften des Königs befindet sich heute die Nationale Gedenkstätte für die Opfer von Krieg und Gewaltherrschaft.Hinter der Neuen Wache stehen das Palais am Festungsgraben, und das Maxim-Gorki-Theater . Das nächste Gebäude ist dieHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, die 1810 gegründet wurde. Ursprünglich war es das Prinz-Heinrich Palais (Bruder Friedrich II.) und wurde von 1748 – 66 gebaut. Vor dem Portal des Gebäudes stehen die Denkmäler der Brüder Wilhelm und Alexander von Humboldt, die die Universität gründeten. Wenn Sie an der Universität die Strasse überqueren, kommen Sie vorbei am Denkmal Friedrich II ., der das historische Zentrum Berlins maßgeblich gestaltete.

Der sich gegenüber der Universität befindende Bebelplatz wird umschlossen von der Deutschen Staatsoper (1741 – 43), dem ersten freistehenden Theater Deutschlands, der Alten Bibliothek (wegen ihrer geschwungenen Fassade im Volksmund auch Kommode genannt), in der sich die früher die Preußische Staatsbibliothek befand und heute Unterrichtsräume der Humboldt-UniversitätUntergebracht sind und der katholischen

St. Hedwigs Kathedrale , die im Krieg zerstört wurde und jetzt moderne Innengestaltung aufweist.

Auf dem Bebelplatz verbrannten 1933 Faschisten die Bücher humanistischer Schriftsteller und Dichter. Daran erinnert heute eine Gedenktafel an der Fassade der Kommode und ein Denkmal mitten auf dem Platz. Durch ein Fenster im Boden schaut man in eine leere Bibliothek, Symbol für die Vernichtung von kulturellen Werten durch die Faschisten.

Verlassen Sie den Platz auf der Seite der St. Hedwigs – Kathedrale (1747 – 73), dann gelangen Sie zum Gendarmenmarkt, dem angeblich schönsten Platz Berlins. Im Zentrum sehen Sie das Konzerthaus, das frühere Schauspielhaus , in dem auch Schillers Stücke gespielt wurden.

Ein Denkmal von Friedrich Schillersoll vor dem Gebäude daran erinnern. Das auch im Inneren sehenswerte Haus wird flankiert vomDeutschen und Französischen Dom.Der letztere wurde für die zahlreichen Hugenotten errichtet, die zu Friedrich II. Zeiten aus Frankreich nach Deutschland kamen. Das Hugenottenmuseum am Dom erinnert an deren Geschichte. Vom Dom hat man einen schönen Blick auf das Zentrum der Hauptstadt. Allerdings muß man ihn zu Fuß ersteigen.

Kehrt man durch die Seitenstrassen zur Strasse „Unter den Linden“ zurück, kommt man vorbei an der Komischen Oper, einem weiteren bekannten Opern- und Operettentheater Berlins. Außerdem kommt man vorbei am"Galeries Lafayette" , einem francösischen Kaufhaus, dessen architektonische Besonderheit ein Großer Kegel in seinem Inneren ist, der sich über mehrere Etagen erstreckt.

Das Brandenburger Tor ist nun schon greifbar nahe. Vorbei an der Russischen Botschaft und am berühmten Hotel "Adlon" gelangen Sie auf den Pariser Platz und haben das Brandenburger Tor mit der Quadriga darauf direkt vor sich. 1788 – 93 gebaut, blickt das Bauwerk auf eine über 200jährige Geschichte zurück. Napoleon nahm die Quadriga als Zeichen des Sieges mit nach Paris. Im ersten Weltkrieg kehrte sie nach Berlin zurück.

28 Jahre trennte die Mauer hinter dem Brandenburger Tor Ostvon Westberlin, bevor 1989

die Grenze wieder geöffnet wurde. Seitdem finden alljährlich riesige Silvesterparties am Brandenburger Tor statt. Rechts hinter dem Brandenburger Tor steht der Deutsche Reichstag,

der von 1884 – 94 gebaut wurde. Nach dem spektakulären Reichstagsbrand 1933 ist er heute wieder aufgebaut und Sitz des Deutschen Bundestages. Hier endet unser Spaziergang.

Fill out the crossword according to the options:

Kreuzworträtsel (1 option)

Platz mit fünf weltberühmten Museen
Erstes freistehendes Theater in Deutschland
Theater hinter der Neuen Wache
Platz, auf dem 1933 Bücher verbrannt wurden
Steht am Anfang der Museumsinsel
Zweitälteste Kirche Berlins
Ehemaliger Pferdestall des Königs

8.Ehemaliges Waffenarsenal des Königs

9.Nach einem russischen Zaren benannter Platz

10.Höchstes Bauwerk Berlins

Kreuzworträtsel (2nd option)

9. Haus für den Bundestag

10. nach ihm wurde der Alex benannt

Answers (1 option)

Berlin has many statuses: it is the largest city in Germany, its capital, and the second largest city in Europe, and at the same time it is a separate federal state.

We can talk endlessly about Berlin. Here's just a little information about this interesting city: Located in eastern Germany and surrounded by the federal state of Brandenburg, Berlin is a crossroads between west and east between Paris and Moscow and north and south between Stockholm and Budapest.

Among other German cities, the word “most” often appears in the description of Berlin: the longest (you can drive in a straight line for about 50 km and still not leave the city limits), the most densely populated (over 3.9 million inhabitants). And, perhaps, Berlin is one of the most popular tourist centers in Europe, because there are countless attractions here, it is impossible to get around them all even during a week’s stay in the city.

What to see?

The Brandenburg Gate is the main symbol of the city, a symbol of German unity. The gate is considered the greatest and most beautiful creation of German classicism, created in 1788-1791. The chariot with four horses, installed on the gate in 1793, was taken by Napoleon to Paris in 1806, but 8 years later it was returned to its original place. Nowadays, not a single tourist leaves Berlin without a photo of the Brandenburg Gate.

Address: Pariser Platz 5

Next to the Brandenburg Gate is the Reichstag, the seat of the Bundestag and one of the most visited attractions in Berlin. First of all, tourists are attracted by the glass dome of the building. To visit the dome, prior free registration is required on the official website of the Bundestag. The confirmation received by email must be printed and presented at the entrance to the Reichstag along with your passport.

Opening hours: daily, 8:00 – 0:00. The dome is closed for cleaning 4 times a year; its operating schedule must be further clarified on the Bundestag website
Entry fee: free
Address: Scheidemannstrasse 2

The gallery represents the remains of the Berlin Wall, which once separated West and East Germany. After the fall of the wall in 1989, artists from all over the world flocked to Berlin to leave their mark on history and express their joy and newfound hope on the now symbolic wall. Stretching 1.3 km along the Spree River, the wall with original drawings from abstraction to pressing political themes is the longest open-air gallery.

Address: Mühlenstrasse 4

Another symbol of Berlin is the Victory Column with a golden sculpture of the winged goddess of victory Victoria.. Once you climb 285 steps, you will find yourself on the observation deck of the Column, which offers a breathtaking view of the most big park city - Tiergarten, as well as the neighboring Bellevue Palace.

Opening hours: April to October: Mon-Fri 9:30 – 18:30, Sat-Sun 9:30 – 19:00; from November to March: Mon-Sun 9:30 – 17:30
Entrance fee: €3 for adults, €2.5 for children
Address: Grosser Stern 1

The goal of all tourists is not the TV tower itself, but the view that opens at an altitude of 203 m. IN good weather you can see the outskirts of Berlin 80 km from the TV tower. On the floor above there is a cozy restaurant, the platform of which makes a full revolution around its axis in an hour, allowing visitors to enjoy not only a delicious lunch, but also a bird's-eye view of the whole of Berlin.

Opening hours: from March to October - daily, 9:00 - 0:00; from November to February – daily, 10:00 – 0:00
Entrance fee: from €15.5 for adults, from €9.5 for children 4-14 years old, free for children under 4 years old
Address: Panoramastrasse 1A

This is one of the busiest squares in Berlin, popularly called Alex. It is the central square of the city and the connecting transport hub of the Berlin-Mitte region. On the square there is a clock with standard time and the Fountain of Friendship of Peoples.

Address: Alexanderplatz 1

The square is one of the most beautiful squares in Berlin. It is framed by three monumental buildings - the German Cathedral, the French Cathedral and Concert hall. The German and French cathedrals, built in 1705, were created to make the area more attractive and, above all, representative. Later, in 1817-1821, the Concert Hall for the National Theater was built.

Now there are many cafes, restaurants, shops and hotels open on the square.. Exhibitions, Christmas markets and open-air classical music concerts are held here every year.

Address: Gendarmenmarkt 5-6

The square was rebuilt after German reunification. The ensemble of skyscrapers and futuristic new buildings forms a special city quarter. Berliners and city visitors appreciate the local cafes, cinemas and large shopping arcades of the new Daimler City and do not miss the opportunity to visit this part of the city.

Address: Potsdamer Platz 1

It's hard to miss this remarkable cathedral in the center of Berlin. The cathedral is designed in the Italian Renaissance style with Baroque influences and rises 114 m above the city..

Opening hours: from April to September – daily, 9:00 – 20:00; from October to March – daily, 9:00 – 19:00
Entrance fee: €7 for adults, €5 for children
Address: Karl-Liebknecht Strasse 1

In the very center of Berlin lies Museum Island, which is one of the outstanding museum complexes in Europe and is listed cultural heritage UNESCO. There are 5 museums on the island. The Old Museum (Altes Museum), similar to the Pantheon in Rome, contains collections from antiquity. The New Museum (Neues Museum), built in 1843-1846, houses the Egyptian collection with the famous bust of Nefertiti.

The Old National Gallery (Alte Nationalgallerie), built from 1867 to 1876, became home to 19th-century paintings and sculptures, for example, works by the French impressionists Manet, Monet, and Renoir. The Bode-Museum exhibits sacred works from Byzantium and Europe from the Renaissance to the Baroque. The Pergamon Museum, founded in 1907 - 1930, collected artifacts from Babylon.

Opening hours: Altes Museum, Old National Gallery, Bode Museum – Tue-Wed, Fri-Sun 10:00 – 18:00, Thu 10:00 – 20:00
New Museum, Pergamon Museum – Mon-Wed, Fri-Sun 10:00 – 18:00, Thu 10:00 – 20:00
Entrance fee: €18 for adults, free for children under 18 years old
Address: Bodenstrasse 1-3

This is the main German and one of the largest department stores throughout Europe.. It has received the status of a real paradise for shopaholics, and many even compare it with Harrods in London and Galeries Lafayette in Paris. The department store was founded in 1907. Now it offers customers 7 floors filled with everything your heart desires. And in the shops and restaurants of the department store you can try the most delicious delicacies from all over Germany and other countries.

Opening hours: Mon-Thu 10:00 – 20:00, Fri 10:00 – 21:00, Sat 9:30 – 20:00
Address: Tauentzienstrasse 21-24

Kurfürstendamm boulevard

You haven't seen Berlin if you haven't been to Kurfürstendamm. The world-famous boulevard, briefly called Kudamm by the locals, is not only an ideal place for a stroll, but it is also of interest to visitors to the city from a cultural and architectural point of view. On the boulevard, which stretches for 3.5 km, there are interesting interweavings of old and modern architecture.

The Cumberland House deserves special attention: the early 20th century building with a restored façade is now used as shopping center and a residential building.

Address: Kurfürstendamm 226

The boulevard Unter den Linden (translated from German as “under the linden trees”) owes its name to the linden alley planted here almost 3.5 centuries ago. The street stretches from the Brandenburg Gate to the Palace Bridge for 1.5 km, its width reaches almost 60 m.

If you want to see as many sights of the city as possible in 2 days, then you should start from here: the Embassies of the USA, France and Russia, the Palace of the Crown Princes and the Princess Palace, the State Library, the Historical Museum, the New Guardhouse, Madame Tussauds, the University. Humboldt, Bebel Square and many other memorable places in Berlin.

Address: Unter den Linden 2-77

Teufelsberg is an artificially created mountain in the suburbs of Berlin. After World War II, this area was used to remove the remains of houses from the city. In total, about 25 million cubic meters were brought here. meters of ruins of defeated Berlin.

Now the territory of the base is abandoned and, for security reasons, is fenced off from uninvited guests and curious onlookers. However, regular excursions to the closed base allow visitors to immerse themselves in the atmosphere of those times, as well as admire the original street graffiti under one of the domes on the mountain.

With its orangery, palace park and adjacent buildings, Charlottenburg Palace is considered the largest palace complex in Berlin. It has been rebuilt and expanded several times throughout history.. And after the Second World War, the badly damaged building had to be restored for almost two decades. Now the palace is a museum open to the public.

It is the best-preserved Renaissance fortification in Europe and regularly hosts jousts and other historical events. The oldest parts of the complex date back to the 13th century.. In the 1930s, the citadel's casemates were used as a laboratory where 300 employees worked on the development of chemical weapons. Today the citadel serves as a cultural building, and its casemates are a winter refuge for 10,000 bats.

Opening hours: daily, 10:00 – 17:00
Entrance fee: €4.5 for adults, €2.5 for children
Address: Am Jubilusturm 87

The Red Town Hall is the meeting place of the current mayor of Berlin, as well as one of the main symbols of the city. Walk through the halls of the Town Hall to delve into the historical past of this great city and gain insight into its fascinating past life.

Opening hours: Mon-Fri 9:00 – 18:00
Entry fee: free
Address: Rathausstrasse 15

After a short ferry ride, visitors are treated to an amazing view of the romantic island of Pfauen. The island was named after the peacocks, who live here in absolute freedom and quite often show off in front of the guests of the island. The island has a castle and a park that are definitely worth a visit.

Where to go with children?

Berlin Zoo is the oldest in Germany. Over 18,600 animals live on its territory of 33 hectares. Since the summer of 2017, the zoo has welcomed two pandas from China: Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, the only pandas in Germany. For children, the zoo store sells plush copies of the famous black and white bears, beloved throughout the world for their cute appearance and typical bear clumsiness.

Opening hours: from 1.01 to 26.02 – 9:00 – 16:30, from 27.02 to 26.03 – 9:00 – 18:00, from 27.03 to 24.09 – 9:00 – 18:30, from 25.09 to 29.10 – 9:00 – 18:00, from 30.10 to 31.12 – 9:00 – 16:30, 24.12 – 9:00 – 14:00
Entrance fee: €14.5 for adults, €10 for children 4-15 years old, free for children under 4 years old
Address: Hardenbergplatz 8

The Botanical Garden in the Steglitz region is one of the largest and richest botanical gardens in the world. Young naturalists and their parents can discover all the beauty of nature in the garden, as well as in 15 pavilions arranged in a geometric pattern along the eastern border of the park, and in the botanical museum with its 3.5 million collection.

Opening hours: garden – daily, 9:00 – 20:00; museum – daily, 9:00 – 19:00
Entrance fee: to the garden – €6 for adults, €3 for children; to the museum – €2.5 for adults, €1.5 for children
Address: Konigin-Luise-Strasse 6

Aquarium Berlin

In a historical building next to the zoological garden there is an Aquarium, where fish and reptiles, amphibians and insects live. This is Europe's largest aquarium, offering visitors young and old alike a wide variety of species. Children will especially enjoy the outdoor pools with Japanese carp.