the main Fishing rod What is the most powerful icebreaker in the world. Monster Machines: Icebreaker "Yamal" - an atomic "knife" that goes through ice like butter

What is the most powerful icebreaker in the world. Monster Machines: Icebreaker "Yamal" - an atomic "knife" that goes through ice like butter

June 16, 2016 Baltic Shipyard-Shipbuilding launched the lead nuclear-powered icebreaker "Arktika" of project 22220... In the presence of several thousand spectators, the godmother of the icebreaker, the chairman of the Federation Council Valentina Matvienko, smashed a traditional bottle of champagne on the side of the icebreaker,

having sent from the slipway the largest and most powerful nuclear icebreaker in the world, the press service of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) reports.

« Today is a solemn day for the Russian nuclear industry. The world's largest and most powerful nuclear icebreaker "Arktika" came off the building berth of the Baltic Shipyard. A harsh region - harsh technology. I am confident that the Arctic icebreaker will give a new impetus to the development of the Arctic latitudes. I am very glad that young shipbuilders come to the industry and continue everything that has been accumulated by other generations of shipbuilders. Thanks to the shipbuilders of this creation. You look at it, and such pride overwhelms the country and the people who are building it. Thank you for keeping the Petersburg shipbuilding school. Our country is proud of the result of such work! Seven feet under the keel, great "Arctic", - Valentina Matvienko wished.

Kirovsky Zavod shipped a turbine for the icebreaker "Arktika" to the Baltic Shipyard >>

The day the atomic icebreaker was launched into the water symbolically coincided with the day of the start of the Economic Forum in St. Petersburg.

The General Director of Rosatom, the customer of the project 22220 nuclear icebreakers, Sergey Kiriyenko, in his welcoming speech, noted: “ Today's event is a huge victory in every sense! A lot of work has been done, and today there are no analogues of such an icebreaker as "Arktika" in the world. Thanks to the staff of the Baltic Shipyard, everything was done according to the schedule, and by the end of 2017, "Arctic" will be operational. This icebreaker is the most modern in terms of its characteristics, it implements all the technical capabilities that have never been used on other ships before. The icebreaker "Arktika" is a truly new opportunity for our country!»

After the command of the main builder of the lead nuclear-powered ship Vadim Golovanov to start launching, the detainee was cut, containing more than 14,000 tons of the ship's hull weight, the Arktika smoothly descended into the waters of the Neva River.

Ahead of the shipbuilders« Baltic Shipyard-Shipbuilding» completion of the lead nuclear-powered ship on water, the contract date for the delivery of the order is December 2017 *.

* The construction of the lead nuclear-powered icebreaker LK-60Ya "Arktika" required the intervention of Vladimir Putin - only he could decide to move the project from 2017 to 2019. Serial "Siberia" and "Ural" will be commissioned in 2021 and 2022. Failure to meet the deadline, one of the key reasons for which was Russia's conflict with, could turn into a scandal: the president has already instructed to make "personnel and organizational and managerial decisions", the Accounts Chamber, the General Prosecutor's Office and the FSB will begin inspections. The customer, Rosatom, and contractors, in particular, USC, can answer. But one should not expect loud layoffs, because the project was launched even when Rosatom was headed by the first deputy head of the presidential administration, Sergei Kiriyenko.

In May 2017, Vladimir Putin ordered to postpone the delivery date for the lead nuclear-powered icebreaker LK-60Ya "Arktika" from 2017 to 2019. In addition, the president demanded that personnel and organizational and managerial decisions be made in connection with the failure of the state contract. In parallel, the Accounts Chamber, the Prosecutor General's Office and the FSB must check the project.

The second largest nuclear icebreaker in the world came off the slipway of the Baltic Shipyard >>

FSUE Atomflot (owns nuclear icebreakers, controlled by Rosatom) and Baltic Shipbuilding Plant (BZS, part of USC) agreed on the construction of the Arctic in 2012, the money for the icebreaker - 37 billion rubles - was allocated by the budget. In 2014, a contract was signed for another 2 icebreakers of the series - "Siberia" and "Ural" - for 84.4 billion rubles. Arktika was to be commissioned at the end of 2017, Siberia at the end of 2019, Ural at the end of 2020.

Turbines have become a key problem for Arktika. They were supposed to be supplied by the Ukrainian Kharkov Turbine Plant, but after 2014 the supplier had to be replaced by KEM (inaccuracy - in fact, KhTZ was not supposed to supply turbines; when in 2013 KEM won a tender for the production of turbine units, it was planned to be manufactured at the Kirov plant turbines should only be tested at KhTZ, where there is a special stand for this -). A source in the government says that there are no serious technical difficulties: the first turbine is being tested at the KEM stand, the second is to be tested by October. In USC they complained about personnel problems, a large time gap in the implementation of such projects, loss of competencies, rework of the technical project and documentation.

In general, the icebreaker contractors shift the blame for missed deadlines on each other. For example, the USC believes that the manufacturers of steam turbine units (KEM) and electric propulsion systems (FSUE "Krylov State Scientific Center" - Krylov State Research Center) have become the weak links of cooperation. The Kirovsky plant reported that during the execution of the contract for the "Arctic", inspections are being carried out, which "do not reveal any violations of the law on the part of the plant." The company added that Krylovsky State Research Center delayed the supply of generators for more than two years. Mikhail Zagorodnikov, the executive director of the Krylovsky State Research Center, believes that the delay is due to the USC's fault: the competition was held for five months, while, although the technical project was ready in 2009, detailed design began only in 2013.

BZS also overdue the deadlines for the delivery of the diesel icebreaker LK-25 "Viktor Chernomyrdin" and the floating nuclear power plant "Akademik Lomonosov".

Now the atomic icebreakers Taimyr and Vaigach are in operation, the service life of their nuclear installations is extended, which cannot happen indefinitely, when the Yamal icebreaker leaves, only the 50 Let Pobedy icebreaker will remain from the Arctic class. If by 2022 there are only four icebreakers, this is not enough, since a sharp increase in cargo traffic from oil and gas fields, from Vostokugol and Norilsk Nickel is predicted, there are attempts to increase transit along the Northern Sea Route. By 2022, at least two new two-draft icebreakers are to be built.

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The lead nuclear-powered icebreaker of project 22220 is being built to the class of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping on« Baltic Shipyard» commissioned by the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom (the ship was laid down on November 5, 2013) and will become the largest and most powerful nuclear icebreaker in the world.

Main characteristics of the project 22220 nuclear icebreaker:

power ..... 60 MW (on shafts);

speed ..... 22 knots (by clean water);

length ..... 173.3 m (160 m at design waterline);

width ..... 34 m (33 m at design waterline);

height ..... 15.2 m;

draft ..... 10.5 m / 8.65 m;

maximum ice breaking capacity ..... 2.8 m;

full displacement ..... 33 540 t;

assigned service life ..... 40 years.

Atomic - ships built specifically for use in ice-covered waters year-round. They break the ice with a specially adapted bow, and in some cases - with a stern.

Nuclear icebreakers much more powerful than diesel ones. They were designed in Russia to ensure navigation in the cold waters of the Arctic. One of the main advantages of the nuclear power plant is that there is no need for frequent refueling, which may arise when sailing in ice, when there is no such possibility, or such refueling is very difficult. All atomic ones have an electrical transmission to the propellers. In winter, the ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean varies from 1.2 to 2 m, and in some places reaches 2.5 m. Nuclear icebreakers can travel in waters covered with such ice at a speed of 20 km / h (11 knots), and in ice-free waters up to 45 km / h (up to 25 knots).

Since 1989, atomic ones have been used for tourist trips to the North Pole. which lasts three weeks costs $ 25,000. For the first time atomic " Russia”Was used for this purpose in 1989. Since 1991, the atomic " Soviet Union"And since 1993 - atomic" Yamal". It has a special section for tourists. Built in 2007 " 50 years of Victory»There is also the same section.

such an icebreaker is used for cruise trips to Greenland

All ten nuclear power plants existing in the world (although one of them is actually not an icebreaker, but with an icebreaker nose) were built in the USSR. These ships were built at the Admiralty shipyards and the Baltic shipyard in St. Petersburg. Two icebreakers - river " Vaygach" and " Taimyr”- were built at the new Helsinki shipyards in Finland and then transported to Leningrad to install nuclear reactors.

icebreaker "50 years of Victory"

By far the largest in the world icebreaker is an " 50 years of Victory»Built at the Baltic Shipyard. The ship is equipped with a new generation digital automatic control system. The complex of means of biological protection of a nuclear power plant has been modernized. An ecological compartment has been created, equipped with the latest equipment for the collection and disposal of all waste products ship. Vessel belongs Russian Federation FSUE " Atomflot».

Icebreaker technical data« 50 years of Victory»:

Length - 160 m;

Width - 30 m;

Draft - 11 m;

Displacement - 25,000 tons;

Power plant - 2 nuclear reactors with a capacity of 75,000 hp;

Cruising speed - 21.4 knots;

The maximum fuel supply is about 4 years;

Crew - 140 people;

Passengers - 128 people;

icebreakers of the "Arctic" class

Icebreakers class " Arctic"- the backbone of the Russian nuclear icebreaker fleet: 6 out of 10 nuclear icebreakers belong to the Arctic class. Since these icebreakers were built for thirty years, there are some differences between them. As a rule, new icebreakers are faster, more powerful and require smaller crews to operate.

Technical data of the icebreaker class "Arktika":

Length - 150 m;

Width - 30 m;

Draft - 11.08 m;

Height - 55;

Maximum speed: 25 knots;

Crew - 150 people (including 50 officers and engineers);

Passengers: 100 people;

Marine propulsion system: two reactors - 900 with a capacity of 171 MV each;

Icebreakers this class have a double hull; the thickness of the outer case in places where ice is broken is 48 mm, in other places - 25 mm. Water ballast tanks are located between the hulls, which serve to change the trim in difficult ice conditions. Some ships coated with a special polymer to reduce friction. Icebreakers of this class can break the ice, moving both forward and backward. These are designed to operate in cold arctic waters, making it difficult to operate a nuclear installation in warm seas... This is partly why crossing the tropics to work off the coast of Antarctica is not among their tasks. As a rule, to ensure ship energy is sufficient only for one of the two reactors of the ship, but during the voyage, both are involved (at less than 50% of the power).

As a rule, the class " Arctic" there are all the necessary amenities for the crew and passengers: swimming pool, sauna, cinema, gym, bar, restaurant, library and volleyball court. For everyone nuclear-powered ships class " Arctic»There is a helipad for two helicopters that can be attached to them, for difficult flights or tourist cruises.

Original taken from masterok in The largest icebreaker in the world

A nuclear icebreaker is a nuclear powered vessel built specifically for use in ice-covered waters throughout the year. Thanks to the atomic plant, they are much more powerful than diesel ones and it is easier for them to conquer frozen water bodies. Unlike other ships, icebreakers have a clear advantage - they do not need to refuel, which is especially important in ice where there is no way to get fuel.

It is also unusual that out of 10 existing nuclear icebreakers in the world, all were built and then launched on the territory of the USSR and Russia. Their indispensability was shown by the operation that took place in 1983. About 50 vessels, including several diesel-powered icebreakers, were trapped in an ice trap in the east of the Arctic. And only with the help of the nuclear-powered icebreaker "Arktika" they were able to free themselves from captivity, delivering cargo to nearby villages.

The world's largest icebreaker is 50 Years of Victory. It was laid down at the Baltic Shipyard in Leningrad in 1989, and four years later it was launched. True, the construction did not end, but was frozen due to financial turmoil. It was only in 2003 that it was decided to resume and in February 2007, "50 Years of Victory" began to be tested in Gulf of Finland lasting a couple of weeks. Then he independently went to the port of registration - the city of Murmansk. Let's take a closer look at the history of the icebreaker:
1

"50 Let Pobedy" is the eighth nuclear-powered icebreaker built at the Baltic Shipyard and currently the largest in the world. The icebreaker is a modernized project of the second series of nuclear-powered icebreakers of the "Arktika" type. "50 Years of Victory" is an experimental project in many ways. The vessel uses a spoon-shaped bow, first used in the development in 1979 of the Canadian experimental icebreaker "Canmar Kigoriyak" and convincingly proved its effectiveness during trial operation. The icebreaker is equipped with a new generation digital automatic control system. The complex of biological protection means of a nuclear power plant has been modernized, which has undergone re-certification in accordance with the requirements of Gostekhnadzor. An ecological compartment was also created, equipped with the latest equipment for the collection and disposal of all waste products of the vessel.
2

During the period from 1974 to 1989, a series of second-generation nuclear icebreakers was built in the Soviet Union (project 10520 and modernized project 10521). The lead ship of this series - the nuclear-powered icebreaker Arktika of Project 10520 - was laid down on July 3, 1971, and already on December 26, 1972, launched, and on April 25, 1975, commissioned.

On October 4, 1989 in Leningrad, on the slipway of the Baltic Shipyard named after Sergo Ordzhonikidze, an icebreaker of project 10521 was laid down, under the original name "Ural".

And although in the USSR the nuclear-powered ships were completely handed over in three or four years, it took Ural four years just to launch it, due to the then situation in the country's leadership and in the country as a whole.

It was expected that the ship would enter service in the mid-1990s, but due to a lack of funding, the construction of the icebreaker was suspended and the huge ship remained at the berth, only 72% ready.

The Baltic Shipyard was forced to mothball the icebreaker at its own expense in order to preserve the possibility of its completion in the future.

Even the renaming of the icebreaker did not help to renew funding.

On August 4, 1995, on the eve of the visit of the then President of Russia to St. Petersburg and to the enterprise too, the nuclear-powered ship was renamed "50 Years of Victory".

For many years of useless downtime at the berth of the "Baltic Shipyard", several times it was proposed to saw and dispose of the ship, but it literally miraculously avoided it.

Some of its units had developed their own guaranteed resource, although the ship did not make a single voyage.

In the late 1990s, when partial financing of construction began, work on the 50 Let Pobedy icebreaker was resumed.

On October 31, 2002, government decree No. 1528-r was issued, according to which the completion of the 50 Let Pobedy icebreaker was planned to be completed in 2003-2005. To complete the work, 2.5 billion rubles were allocated from the state budget.

Until 2003, the construction of the icebreaker was financed on a general basis within the framework of the federal targeted investment program, and since 2003 - in accordance with the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2002 No. 1528-r.

In February 2003, the construction of the icebreaker entered an active phase after:

Baltiyskiy Zavod entered the structure of the shipbuilding assets of the United Industrial Corporation (UIC);

a contract for the completion of the ship was signed between OJSC “Baltiyskiy Zavod” and the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Directorate of the State Customer of Sea Transport Development Programs”;

public funds were allocated.

According to the signed contract, financing of the completion of the nuclear-powered ship in 2003-2005 was to be carried out at the expense of the federal budget. The quality of construction work on the icebreaker was to be controlled by representatives of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping and the Murmansk Shipping Company.

On August 13, 2004, at a meeting in the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, it was decided to increase funding for the construction of an icebreaker in the amount of 742.3 million rubles, of which 164 million were planned to be allocated to the 2005 budget and 578.3 million rubles - to the 2006 budget. The need for additional funding was caused by new requirements for ensuring nuclear safety in accordance with the requirements of Gosatomnadzor and the performance of work related to the long term of the ship's construction. In particular, funds were needed for the design and manufacture of the latest multi-channel reactor safety systems, as well as for the re-examination and revision of equipment and mechanisms.

On September 7, 2004, the icebreaker "50 Let Pobedy" was towed to the dock of the Kronstadt Marine Plant. After that, the specialists of the Baltic Shipyard for the first time in the history of domestic shipbuilding carried out dock works on the icebreaker under construction. Previously, docking of nuclear-powered ships was carried out only after several years of work and only at shipbuilding enterprises located in Murmansk region.

Taking into account the fact that the underwater systems and devices were installed on the icebreaker back in the early 1990s, during the completion of the ship, a check of their operability was required. The most time-consuming operation was the revision of the stern tube device, which is the support of the propeller shaft and is designed to prevent the penetration of seawater into the icebreaker's hull. For his examination, experts dismantled the propeller and propeller shaft. The work at the dock lasted 2 months. For the successful implementation of these works, the plant independently designed and manufactured special equipment. Serviceability of the stern tube device was a prerequisite for the start of mooring tests on the icebreaker.

The vessel also examined: the right line of the propeller shaft, bottom-side fittings, systems of pipelines and bottom fittings protectors, electronic navigation devices, anode assemblies and comparison electrodes of cathodic protection. In addition, the company's specialists washed the outer skin of the underwater part of the icebreaker, bottom boxes and branch pipes of the bottom-side fittings at the dock. Dock works were supervised by representatives of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping and the Murmansk Shipping Company.

At the end of October 2004, after the completion of the dock work, the icebreaker was returned to the Baltic Shipyard.

The hull, superstructure and stern mast of the vessel were fully formed, the installation of the main mechanical and electrical equipment was completed.

On November 31, 2004, a fire broke out on board the 50 Let Pobedy icebreaker moored at the quay wall of the Baltic Shipyard. It started at 08:45 on one of the upper decks where welders worked. The flames quickly spread across the deck, littered with building materials. A huge smoke screen formed over the icebreaker.

The firefighters who arrived on alert, first of all began to evacuate the workers, some of whom had managed to ingest carbon monoxide. In total, firefighters took 52 people out of the burning ship. Only after finishing with the evacuation, they began to search for sources of fire. According to preliminary data, it was located on the third and fourth decks, where builders stored combustible building materials. total area fire was, according to various estimates, from 50 to 100 sq. m. Nevertheless, the extinguishing was carried out according to the third difficulty number (out of five possible) - about 22 fire brigades (112 firefighters) were pulled to the icebreaker. According to the firefighters, this was due both to the need for mass evacuation of workers, and to the fact that ship fires are considered one of the most difficult: their extinguishing is always difficult due to strong smoke, a complex layout of ship premises and an abundance of open holds.

At eleven o'clock in the afternoon, firefighters announced that the spread of the fire had been contained. However, the extinguishing continued until the evening - at 18:00 the premises were still being poured on the icebreaker.

The extinguishing participants believed that the cause of the fire was most likely negligence of workers or a short circuit. The version of arson was not even considered in the foreground: according to the participants in the extinguishing, the Baltic Shipyard has a very strict access control and the penetration of unauthorized persons onto the icebreaker is practically impossible.

The threat of radiation contamination was out of the question, since the installation mounted on the icebreaker had not yet been refueled with nuclear fuel.

As stated by the press service of the Baltic Shipyard, the consequences of the fire will not affect the delivery time of the vessel to the customer. But it is much more likely that the icebreaker will not be built on time due to financial reasons. Such fears back in October 2004 at a meeting of the Maritime Council under the government of St. Petersburg were expressed by the head of the Federal Agency for Maritime and river transport... According to him, in 2005 the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation agreed to finance only 10% of the cost of the work.

Following the results of the meeting on socio-economic development held on September 18, 2005 in Vladivostok Of the Far East, the head of the Ministry of Transport said that the nuclear icebreaker "50 Let Pobedy" will be completed by the end of 2006.

In the course of completing the construction of the icebreaker, the specialists of the Baltic Shipyard carried out an operation to load nuclear fuel, thanks to which the nuclear-powered ships have an almost unlimited cruising range without refueling.

On October 28, 2006, the state commission signed an act on the readiness of the Baltic Shipyard for the physical launch of the nuclear reactors of the icebreaker "50 Let Pobedy". Reactor installations were developed by FSUE OKBM.

In November 2006, the physical start-up of nuclear reactors and their output to the power level took place, after which complex mooring tests were started.

In 2006 and in the first quarter of 2007 - financing of work on the icebreaker was carried out at the expense of the circulating assets of Baltiyskiy Zavod OJSC and loans from commercial banks.

On January 17, 2007, the Baltic Shipyard completed complex mooring tests on the nuclear-powered icebreaker 50 Let Pobedy.

On January 31, 2007, the St. Petersburg JSC Baltiyskiy Zavod, part of the United Industrial Corporation, began state sea trials of the nuclear icebreaker 50 Let Pobedy.

From the water area of the Neva, where maneuvering possibilities are limited for such large vessels, the vessel was withdrawn with the help of tugs. IN seaport Petersburg, the icebreaker was loaded with supplies of fuel, fresh and feed water, after which it went on its own to the Baltic Sea for the first time.

On open water, the icebreaker was tested for speed and maneuverability. We also checked the serviceability of navigation and communication systems, desalination plant, steering, anti-icing and anchor devices and other equipment that could not be tested offshore.

The tests were carried out under the supervision of a state commission. It included representatives of the Federal Agency for Maritime and River Transport, Gostekhnadzor, the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, OJSC Murmansk Shipping Company, RRC Kurchatov Institute, Federal State Unitary Enterprise OKBM, OJSC Central Design Bureau Aisberg and others organizations.

On February 17, 2007, the state sea trials were successfully completed. The icebreaker showed high maneuverability and reliability. The State Commission confirmed the strict compliance of the quality of the ship's systems and mechanisms with domestic standards and international norms.

On March 23, 2007, Baltiyskiy Zavod OJSC handed over to the customer the world's largest icebreaker, 50 Let Pobedy. After the official ceremony of signing the acceptance certificate, the state flag of the Russian Federation was raised on the ship in a solemn atmosphere.

With the signing of the acceptance certificate, the ship became part of the Russian nuclear icebreaker fleet, at the same time becoming state property. Rosimushchestvo, in turn, by order of the government of the Russian Federation, transferred the new nuclear-powered ship to the trust management of OJSC Murmansk Shipping Company.

On April 2, 2007, the icebreaker "50 Let Pobedy" left the shipyard in St. Petersburg and entered the Baltic Sea, heading for its permanent home port - Murmansk.

On April 11, 2007, "50 Years of Victory" successfully completed the transition from St. Petersburg, entered the Kola Bay and embarked on a roadstead in the area of its home port. The solemn meeting ceremony took place on the same day on the territory of FSUE Atomflot in Murmansk.

The meeting of the crew and the world's largest icebreaker brought together representatives of the executive and legislative authorities of Murmansk and the Murmansk region, federal executive authorities, veterans and workers of the nuclear fleet of the Murmansk Shipping Company.

Icebreaker captain reported to CEO Murmansk Shipping Company on the successful completion of the transition and the readiness of the crew to fulfill important state tasks on the route of the Northern Sea Route and in the Russian Arctic.

The fact that the construction of the icebreaker "50 Let Pobedy" is nevertheless completed, and it arrived at the port of registration, indicates that the country has finally realized the role and significance of the Northern Sea Route and the Arctic for the implementation of its strategic interests, and is starting to restoration of infrastructure.

The first working voyage to the Northern Sea Route was planned for the end of April 2007.

It is expected that the wiring of transport cargo ships along the Northern Sea Route - this is the first stage of operation of the nuclear-powered icebreaker "50 Let Pobedy". At the second stage, the work of the icebreaker will probably be associated with the extraction of hydrocarbons on the Arctic shelf, the nuclear vessel will be engaged in servicing the production platforms and escorting transport vessels with hydrocarbons in the ice.

In addition, 50 Let Pobedy replaced the nuclear-powered icebreaker Arktika, the first built icebreaker of this class. The permitted service life of its nuclear power plant ended in 2008. The icebreaker "Arktika" has worked out 175 thousand hours - this is the maximum permitted service life, and in this regard, the entry into service of the new nuclear-powered ship was very timely.

At the end of June 2007, the icebreaker "50 Let Pobedy" was in the Barents Sea in the Cape of Hope region of the archipelago New earth, where he was supposed to take two transport ships under the pilot and lead them through the ice to the Yenisei Gulf. In fact, this was the first ice test for a newcomer to the Arctic routes. His crew had to check the operation of the nuclear power plant, equipment and mechanisms in sailing in difficult natural conditions. Only after passing this exam could the nuclear-powered ship go to permanent work in the Arctic waters.

On July 03, 2007, the nuclear-powered ship "50 Let Pobedy" successfully completed its first pilotage of ships bound for the port of Dudinka. Accompanied by the world's largest nuclear-powered icebreaker, the ships crossed the ice from Cape Zhelaniya on Novaya Zemlya to the Yenisei Gulf. Swimming took place as usual

On June 25, 2008, "50 Years of Victory" embarked on its maiden voyage to the North Pole. There were about 100 tourists on board who wanted to take part in a two-week sightseeing tour.

In March 2008, FSUE Atomflot became part of the State Atomic Energy Corporation “Rosatom”, based on the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On measures to establish the State Atomic Energy Corporation“ Rosatom ”(No. 369 dated March 20, 2008).

On August 27, 2008, in Murmansk, an act was signed on the completion of measures for the transfer of the icebreaker "50 Let Pobedy" and other ships with a nuclear power plant, as well as nuclear service ships from trust management OJSC "Murmansk Shipping Company" in the economic jurisdiction of FSUE "Atomflot". It was on this day that the agreement on the trust management of the nuclear icebreaker fleet expired, which was concluded by the government of the Russian Federation with the Murmansk Shipping Company and had been in effect since 1998. At this stage, it was deemed expedient to transfer the federal property to the ownership of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, which performs state functions for the development of the nuclear industry in the Russian Federation.

The icebreaker "50 Let Pobedy" is a modernized project of the second series of nuclear-powered icebreakers of the "Arktika" type. The icebreaker is equipped with a new generation digital automatic control system and modern complex means of ensuring nuclear and radiation safety of a nuclear power plant. The nuclear powered vessel is equipped with the Anti-Terror protection system, equipped with an ecological compartment with the latest equipment for the collection and disposal of waste generated during the operation of the vessel.

The length of the vessel is 159 meters, width - 30 meters, total displacement - 25 thousand tons, speed - 18 nautical knots. The maximum ice thickness that the icebreaker breaks is 2.8 meters. It is equipped with two nuclear power plants. The ship's crew includes 138 people.

TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL DATA

A type: Nuclear icebreaker

State: Russia

Home port: Murmansk

Class: KM (*) LL1 A

IMO number: 9152959

Call sign: UGYU

Manufacturer shipyard: JSC "Baltic Plant"

Length: 159.6 m

Width: 30 m

Height: 17.2 m (board height)

Average draft: 11 m

Power point: 2 nuclear reactors

Screws: 3 fixed pitch propellers with 4 removable blades

Displacement: 25 thousand tons

Power: 75,000 l. with.

Maximum speed in clear water: 21 sea knots

Speed in solid fast ice 2.7 meters thick: 2 knots

Estimated maximum ice thickness: 2.8 m

Swimming autonomy: 7.5 months (for provisions)

Crew: 138 people. After a series of reductions, reduced to 106 people

Flag: RF

Mailing address: 183038, Murmansk 580, a / l "50 years of Victory"

Shipowner: FSUE "Atomflot" of the state corporation "Rosatom"

This nuclear-powered icebreaker is a modernized project of the second series of the Arctic-class icebreaker, which includes 6 out of 10 built vessels. The thickness of the ice that the floating craft can overcome is 2.8 m. It has many differences from its predecessor, for example, it was decided to use a spoon-shaped "nose", which proved to be excellent in testing the prototype of the Canadian icebreaker Canmar Kigoriyak. In addition, there is a modernized complex of biological protection means of a nuclear power plant, a digital automatic control system of the latest generation, there is a special ecological compartment, which is equipped with equipment designed for the collection and disposal of all waste products of the floating craft.

Meanwhile, "50 Years of Victory" is not always engaged in rescuing other ships from captivity. In fact, it is also geared towards Arctic cruises. So, you can personally go to the North Pole by paying a certain amount for a ticket. Since there are no passenger cabins as such, tourists are accommodated in the cabins of the ship. But on board there is its own restaurant, swimming pool, sauna, gym.

In the near future, the importance of such icebreakers will only increase. Indeed, in the future, more active development is planned natural resources, which are located under the floor of the Arctic Ocean.

Navigation on certain sections of the Northern Sea Route lasts only two to four months. The rest of the time the water is covered with ice, the thickness of which sometimes reaches 3 meters. In order not to waste extra fuel and not to risk the crew and the ship once again, helicopters or reconnaissance planes are sent from the icebreakers to find an easier way through the openings.

Icebreakers are specially painted dark red so that they are clearly visible in the white ice.

The world's largest icebreaker can run autonomously in the Arctic Ocean for a year, breaking up ice up to 3 meters thick with its bow, shaped like a spoon.

Nuclear icebreakers are being built only in Russia. Only our country has such an extended contact with the Arctic Ocean. The famous Northern Sea Route, 5600 km long, runs along the northern shores of our country. It starts at the Kara Gates and ends at Providence Bay. For example, if you move from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok by this sea route, the distance will be 14,280 km. And if you choose the path through the Suez Canal, then the distance will be more than 23 thousand km.

Let's take a look at the insides of the Icebreaker.

Nuclear icebreakers can stay on the Northern Sea Route for a long time without needing to refuel. At present, the operating fleet includes the nuclear-powered ships "Russia", "Sovetsky Soyuz", "Yamal", "50 Let Pobedy", "Taimyr" and "Vaigach", as well as the nuclear-powered lighter-carrier container ship "Sevmorput". They are operated and maintained by Rosatomflot, located in Murmansk.

1. Nuclear icebreaker - a nuclear powered marine vessel built specifically for use in ice-covered waters year-round. Nuclear icebreakers are much more powerful than diesel ones. In the USSR, they were developed to ensure navigation in the cold waters of the Arctic.

2. For the period 1959-1991. in the Soviet Union, 8 nuclear icebreakers and 1 nuclear lighter carrier - container ship were built.
In Russia, from 1991 to the present, two more nuclear-powered icebreakers have been built: Yamal (1993) and 50 Let Pobedy (2007). Now construction is underway for three more nuclear icebreakers with a displacement of more than 33 thousand tons, the icebreaking capacity is almost three meters. The first one will be ready by 2017.

3. In total, more than 1,100 people work on Russian nuclear icebreakers, as well as ships located at the base of the Atomflot nuclear fleet.

"Soviet Union" (nuclear-powered icebreaker of the "Arctic" class)

4. Icebreakers of the Arctic class are the backbone of the Russian nuclear icebreaker fleet: 6 out of 10 nuclear icebreakers belong to this class. The ships have a double hull, they can break the ice, moving both forward and backward. These ships are designed to operate in cold Arctic waters, making it difficult to operate a nuclear facility in warm seas. This is partly why crossing the tropics to work off the coast of Antarctica is not among their tasks.

The displacement of the icebreaker is 21,120 tons, the draft is 11.0 m, the maximum speed in clear water is 20.8 knots.

5. The design feature of the Sovetsky Soyuz icebreaker is that it can be retrofitted into a battle cruiser at any time. The vessel was originally used for Arctic tourism. Making a transpolar cruise, from its board it was possible to install meteorological ice stations operating in automatic mode, as well as an American meteorological buoy.

6. Department of the GTG (main turbine generators). A nuclear reactor heats water, which turns into steam, which spins turbines, which drive generators, which generate electricity that goes to electric motors that turn propellers.

7. CPU (Central control post).

8. Control of the icebreaker is concentrated in two main command posts: the wheelhouse and the central control post of the power plant (CPC). From wheelhouse produce general leadership the operation of the icebreaker, and from the central control room - control of the operation of the power plant, mechanisms and systems and control over their work.

9. The reliability of nuclear-powered ships of the "Arktika" class has been tested and proven by time - for more than 30 years of nuclear-powered ships of this class there has not been a single accident associated with a nuclear power plant.

10. Wardroom for catering for the command staff. The private dining room is located on the deck below. The diet consists of a full four meals a day.

11. "Sovetsky Soyuz" was put into operation in 1989, with an established service life of 25 years. In 2008 Baltiyskiy Zavod supplied the equipment for the icebreaker to extend the life of the vessel. Currently, the icebreaker is planned to be restored, but only after a specific customer is identified or until transit along the Northern Sea Route is increased and new work areas appear.

Nuclear icebreaker "Arktika"

12. Launched in 1975 and was considered the largest of all those existing at that time: its width was 30 meters, length - 148 meters, and the depth of the side - more than 17 meters. All conditions were created on the ship, allowing the flight crew and the helicopter to be based. "Arctic" was capable of breaking through ice, the thickness of which was five meters, and also move at a speed of 18 knots. The unusual color of the ship (bright red), which personified a new maritime era, was also considered a clear difference.

13. The nuclear-powered icebreaker "Arktika" became famous for being the first ship that managed to reach the North Pole. It is currently decommissioned and a decision on its disposal is pending.

"Vaygach"

14. Shallow draft nuclear icebreaker of the Taimyr project. A distinctive feature of this icebreaker project is a reduced draft, which makes it possible to service ships following the Northern Sea Route, calling at the mouths of Siberian rivers.

15. Captain's bridge. Remote controls for three propeller motors, also on the console are control devices for the towing device, a control panel for a tug surveillance camera, log indicators, echo sounders, a gyrocompass repeater, VHF radio stations, a control panel for windshield wipers and other joystick to control a 6 kW xenon projector.

16. Machine telegraphs.

17. The main application of the Vaygach is escorting ships with metal from Norilsk and ships with timber and ore from Igarka to Dikson.

18. The main power plant of the icebreaker consists of two turbine generators, which will provide the maximum continuous power on the shafts of about 50,000 hp. with., which will allow forcing ice up to two meters thick. With an ice thickness of 1.77 meters, the icebreaker's speed is 2 knots.

19. Room of the middle propeller shaft.

20. The direction of movement of the icebreaker is controlled by an electro-hydraulic steering gear.

21. Former cinema. Now on the icebreaker in each cabin there is a TV set with wiring for broadcasting the ship's video channel and satellite TV. And the cinema is used for general meetings and cultural events.

22. Study of the block cabin of the second first mate. The duration of the stay of nuclear-powered ships at sea depends on the number of planned works, on average it is 2-3 months. The crew of the Vaygach icebreaker consists of 100 people.

Nuclear icebreaker "Taimyr"

24. The icebreaker is identical to the Vaygach. It was built in the late 1980s in Finland at the Wärtsilä shipyard in Helsinki by order of the Soviet Union. However, the equipment (power plant, etc.) on the ship was installed Soviet, used Soviet-made steel. The installation of nuclear equipment was carried out in Leningrad, where the hull of the icebreaker was towed in 1988.

25. "Taimyr" in the dock of the shipyard.

26. "Taimyr" breaks the ice in a classic way: a powerful hull falls on an obstacle from frozen water, destroying it with its own weight. A channel is formed behind the icebreaker through which ordinary sea vessels can move.

27. To improve icebreaking capacity, the Taimyr is equipped with a pneumatic flushing system, which prevents the hull from sticking broken ice and snow. If the laying of the channel is inhibited by thick ice, the trim and heel systems, which consist of tanks and pumps, come into play. Thanks to these systems, the icebreaker can roll on one side, then on the other, raise the bow or stern higher. From such movements of the hull, the ice field surrounding the icebreaker is crushed, allowing you to move on.

28. For painting external structures, decks and bulkheads, imported two-component acrylic based enamels with increased resistance to weathering, abrasion and shock loads are used. The paint is applied in three layers: one layer of primer and two layers of enamel.

29. The speed of such an icebreaker is 18.5 knots (33.3 km / h).

30. Repair of the propeller-rudder complex.

31. Installation of the blade.

32. Blade to propeller hub bolts, each of the four blades is secured by nine bolts.

33. Almost all vessels of the Russian icebreaker fleet are equipped with propellers manufactured at the Zvezdochka plant.

Nuclear icebreaker "Lenin"

34. This icebreaker, launched on December 5, 1957, became the first ship in the world to be equipped with a nuclear power plant. Its most important differences are the high level of autonomy and power. During the first six years of operation, the nuclear icebreaker covered more than 82,000 nautical miles, navigating over 400 ships. Later "Lenin" will be the first of all ships to be north of Severnaya Zemlya.

35. The icebreaker "Lenin" worked for 31 years and in 1990 was taken out of service and put to eternal mooring in Murmansk. Now there is a museum on the icebreaker, work is underway to expand the exposition.

36. The compartment in which there were two nuclear installations. Two dosimetrists entered, measuring the level of radiation and monitoring the operation of the reactor.

There is an opinion that it was thanks to “Lenin” that the expression “peaceful atom” was entrenched. The icebreaker was being built in the midst of the Cold War, but had absolutely peaceful goals - the development of the Northern Sea Route and the escort of civilian ships.

37. The wheelhouse.

38. Front staircase.

39. One of the captains of the AL "Lenin", Pavel Akimovich Ponomarev, was previously the captain of the "Ermak" (1928-1932) - the world's first icebreaker of the Arctic class.

As a bonus, a couple of photos of Murmansk ...

40. Murmansk is the largest city in the world, located beyond the Arctic Circle. It is on a rocky east coast Kola Bay of the Barents Sea.

41. The backbone of the city's economy is the Murmansk seaport, one of the largest ice-free ports in Russia. The Murmansk port is the home port of the Sedov barque, the largest sailing ship in the world.

The world's largest icebreaker is 50 Years of Victory. It was laid down at the Baltic Shipyard in Leningrad in 1989, and four years later it was launched. True, the construction did not end, but was frozen due to financial turmoil. Only in 2003 it was decided to resume it, and in February 2007, "50 Years of Victory" began to undergo tests in the Gulf of Finland, which lasted a couple of weeks. Then he independently went to the home port - the city of Murmansk.

Let's take a closer look at the history of the icebreaker:

"50 Let Pobedy" is the eighth nuclear-powered icebreaker built at the Baltic Shipyard and currently the largest in the world. The icebreaker is a modernized project of the second series of nuclear-powered icebreakers of the "Arktika" type. "50 Years of Victory" is an experimental project in many respects. The vessel uses a spoon-shaped bow, first used in the development in 1979 of the Canadian experimental icebreaker "Canmar Kigoriyak" and convincingly proved its effectiveness during trial operation. The icebreaker is equipped with a new generation digital automatic control system. The complex of biological protection means of a nuclear power plant has been modernized, which has undergone re-certification in accordance with the requirements of Gostekhnadzor. An ecological compartment was also created, equipped with the latest equipment for the collection and disposal of all waste products of the vessel.