My favorite paris. School Powerpoint Presentations Paris Ready Presentation

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Project "Let's open the world to each other" Nomination "I'll show you this city" PARIS Completed by: Smirnov Ivan, team "KLIO", school №185 in Nizhny Novgorod

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ISLAND CITE Paris originated on the Ile de la Cité in the middle of the Seine. In the 3rd century BC. the tribe of the parisians settled here. In 52 the settlement was conquered by the Romans, and in the 5th century by the Franks. The city, named Lutetia, developed and became a crossroads of important trade routes. Gradually the name Lutetia disappeared from everyday life, it was replaced by the name "city of parisians", which soon transformed into Paris. Over time, the city went beyond the borders of the Ile de la Cité, people settled on the banks of the Seine, occupied the hills closest to it. Today, of the medieval buildings in the eastern part of the Cité, only the cathedral has survived. Notre dame de paris.

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CATHEDRAL OF MOTHER OF PARIS The foundation stone of the cathedral was laid in 1163 by King Louis VII and Pope Alexander III. Before that, on the site of the cathedral there was an ancient Roman temple of the 1st century, later - a Christian basilica. The construction of Notre Dame Cathedral continued until 1345. History has not preserved the name of the first architect of the cathedral. It is only known that the Parisian Bishop Maurice de Sully took part in drafting the project. The construction has come down to us unfinished. Its two 70-meter towers were to be crowned with spiers.

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The cathedral is a five-nave basilica (length 130 m, width 105 m, height of vaults 35 m). The entrance overlooks the high central nave, choir and altar. The cathedral houses the largest organ in France (master Clicquot, 18th century, 7800 pipes)

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STAINED GLASS "ROSES" From the interior decorations of the 13th century in Notre Dame Cathedral, only stained glass "roses" - a round window (10 meters in diameter) of the southern portal of the central facade, have survived. The stained glass window is dedicated to the theme of "blessed eternity": around Jesus Christ are the apostles, saints and angels of paradise.

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SQUARE OF JOHN XXIII Behind the southern façade of Notre Dame Cathedral is the square of John XXIII. At the site of the park, at first there was a construction waste dump, then, from the 17th century, - the residence of the archbishop. In 1831, the building was demolished, the wasteland was bought by the prefect of the Seine Rambuto, planted trees and flowers there and decorated with the fountain of the virgin (1845).

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CONCIERERIE The conciergerie is part of the royal castle of the Capetian era (14th century). Two towers of the castle - Caesar and Silver - are framed on both sides by facades of the 17th century. A hall of warriors, a hall of armed guards, kitchen services, an inner courtyard have been preserved in the castle from the Middle Ages.

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NEW BRIDGE The new bridge connects western part the Cité Islands with both banks of the Seine. Contrary to its name, it is the oldest surviving bridge in Paris. The first stone was laid on May 31, 1578. The construction was completed in 1606. The bridge was designed by the outstanding architect Androuet du Cerso. The bridge turned out to be so strong that it was never rebuilt.

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Equestrian statue of Henry IV In 1614, a statue of Henry IV was erected near the New Bridge. During the French Revolution, the statue was removed from the pedestal, but restored in 1818 by the sculptor Lemo.

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The Basilica of Sacre Coeur When Prussian troops besieged Paris in 1870, two French Catholics, Alexandre Lejante and Roo de Fleury, vowed that if France wins the war, build a church and dedicate it to the Sacred Heart of Christ. France lost, but Paris escaped occupation. In 1875, construction began on the basilica with donations from the people. The project was developed by the architect Abadi. The consecration of the temple took place in 1919. The basilica was built in the neo-Byzantine style of white sandstone. The interior is richly decorated with marble sculptures, stained glass windows and mosaics.

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CATHEDRAL OF THE HOUSE FOR DISABLED Frequent wars led to the fact that in the middle of the 17th century in France there were many retired disabled soldiers forced to begging. In 1670, Louis XIV decided to build a house and a temple for them. The Cathedral of the House of Invalids (architect Aardouen-Mansart) is an example of architectural grace and symmetry. The facade is decorated with a double colonnade. The huge dome, entwined with golden garlands and flowers, is crowned with a gilded lantern with a spire. Napoleon Bonaparte is buried in the crypt of the cathedral.

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PANTEON In 1744, Louis XV, who was seriously ill, vowed to build a church in honor of Saint Genevieve, the patroness of Paris. The consecration of the church took place in 1790. During the Great French Revolution, the church was turned into the Pantheon - the tomb of great people. The architecture of the building is an example of classicism. The vaults of the building are supported by the columns of the Corinthian order. There are no window openings in the walls. They are replaced by maruflé canvases glued to stone walls. The pictorial cycle, created by Puvis de Chavante and Laurent, is dedicated to Saint Genevieve.

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In the 20th century, at the pillars of the dome of the Pantheon, 4 sculptural groups were installed (counterclockwise): "Jean-Jacques Rousseau" (Bartolomé, 1912), "To the Glory of the Generals of the Revolution" (Gask, 1925), "Orators and Publicists of the Restoration Era" (Markest , 1919), "Diderot and the Encyclopedists" (Treroir, 1925) and "National Convention" (Sicard, 1924)

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FUCO'S PENDULUM Attached to the light dome of the Pantheon is a working replica of Foucault's pendulum, which physicist Leon Foucault used to show in 1851 that the earth rotates. Anyone can be convinced that this is actually the case.

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PALE ROYAL The palace was built in the 17th century by order of Cardinal Richelieu. After his death, the palace passed into the possession of King Louis XIII. When Anna of Austria settled here, the palace began to be called the Royal (Palais Royal). Architectural ensemble The Palais Royal consists of the palace itself, which today houses the Council of State, and galleries, which on three sides frame the inner garden, planned by Louis XIV himself.

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SQUARE OF CONSENT The place for the square was chosen by Louis XV, and the project was developed by J.-A. Gabriel. The construction of the square was completed in 1779. The square acquired its modern look in 1836, when the architect Khitorf installed the Luxor Obelisk in its center - a gift from the Egyptian Pasha Mahmet-Ali.

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TUILLERY In the 16th century, there was a dump on the site of the garden, and the clay mined here was used for the production of tiles - in French "tuile", from which the name Tuileries originated. By order of Catherine de Medici, a garden was laid out on this site, which became the first public place for outdoor walks.

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TRIUMPHAL ARCH IN THE SQUARE CAROUSEL The Arc de Triomphe was erected at the beginning of the 19th century in honor of Napoleon's victories. It is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the most famous episodes of the Napoleonic wars. The Arc de Triomphe served as a solemn entrance to the emperor's residence - the Tuileries Palace. An equestrian group was installed on the arch, taken by order of Napoleon from the portal of St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice. In 1815, the sculpture was returned to Italy, and the arch was crowned with a bronze quadriga with a statue of Peace.

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The Louvre The Louvre palace complex evolved over many centuries. At the end of the 12th century, King Philip Augustus built a castle to protect the approaches to the Ile de la Cité. The fortress was named Louvre (from leovar - fortification). In the 14th century, fortifications were erected around the city and the castle lost its defensive function. Under Charles V, it was rebuilt and turned into a royal residence. In the 16th century, a significant part of the building was demolished and a new palace was built in the vacant place, which was constantly expanded over time.

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Until recently, the exposition of the museum occupied only the right wing of the palace, the Old Louvre and the Square Courtyard. In 1981, it was decided to create the Grand Louvre. The Ministry of Finance, which occupied the left wing of the palace, moved to another building, and the area of ​​the museum expanded significantly. There was a problem of creating a single central entrance. According to the project of the architect Yeo Ming Lei, a glass pyramid was built in the courtyard of the Louvre, which connected all the departments of the museum with underground passages. It houses a hall, cash desks, wardrobe, shops where you can buy catalogs, souvenirs, books.

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MUSEUM OF THE LOUVRE As a museum, the Louvre opened in 1793. The exposition is based on collections of French kings. Currently, the Louvre Museum houses more than 25 thousand works of art. The museum is divided into 7 sections: Ancient East and Islamic art, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greek, Etruscan and Roman art, arts and crafts, European painting (1200-1850), European sculpture (1100-1850), graphics. The jewels of the Louvre collection are La Gioconda, Venus de Milo and Nika of Samothrace. Venus de Milo

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CHURCH OF SAINT ESTACHE Church of Saint-Eustache was built in the middle of the 18th century with money raised by merchants in the nearby market. It is one of the last Gothic churches in Paris. The peculiarity of the temple lies in the combination of Gothic vaults with the Renaissance forms of the facade and columns. Moliere, Cardinal Richelieu, Madame Pompadour were baptized in this church. Here Berlioz and Liszt performed their works on the church organ. Among the artistic treasures of the church are paintings by Rubens and sculptures by Pigalle.

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PALACE OF JUSTICE In ancient times, this place was the palace of the Roman governors, and in the 13th century during the Capetian dynasty a fortified castle was built, which served as the residence of the first French kings. Late 14th century royal palace became the Louvre, and the old residence housed the Parisian parliament. After the Great French Revolution, the building became known as the Palace of Justice. Now it houses the highest court in France - the Court of Cassation.

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SAINT-CHAPELLE The ensemble of the Palace of Justice includes the Saint-Chapelle (Holy Chapel) chapel, built in the 13th century by order of Louis IX to store the relic - the crown of thorns of Jesus Christ. Saint-Chapelle consists of two chapels, one above the other. The lower one was intended for courtiers. A service for the royal family was held at the top. The chapel is crowned with a 75-meter spire. The delicate rose on the facade dates back to the 15th century. In the lancet windows, stained-glass windows of the 13th century have been preserved - 1134 scenes depicting biblical subjects.

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Field of Mars Field of Mars was created at the end of the 18th century as a training ground for the students of the Military School and was named after the god of war. The first horse races in Paris (1780), the first experiments in aerostatics (1783), the first attempt to climb in a balloon (1784) took place here. In 1889, Champ de Mars was chosen as a construction site Eiffel tower... At the beginning of the 20th century, a beautiful park was laid out here.

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EIFFEL TOWER The symbol of Paris and France, the famous Eiffel Tower was erected by the engineer Gustave Eiffel in 1889 as an exhibit at the World Industrial Exhibition. The 324-meter tower has 3 observation decks: at an altitude of 57, 115 and 276 m. On days of excellent visibility, from the upper observation deck, the gaze can cover an area with a radius of up to 70 km.

Groups 09-SMOS-23

Yulia Kostiv

Checked by: Isaeva I. Yu.

O. V. Shchipkov

Department of Education GBOU SPO TC No. 43

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Paris is the capital of France, the most important economic and Cultural Center country located in northern central France, in the Ile-de-France region on the banks of the River Seine. In addition, Paris is of great international importance - here are the headquarters of UNESCO, OECD and the International Chamber of Commerce.

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Throughout the existence of France, Paris has been a treasure of the nation, fraught with centuries of culture and incredible charm. More than 27 million tourists come to Paris every year to get to know this better amazing city... If you ask local residents tell a few facts about your city, usually the dialogue is limited to the Eiffel Tower or Arc de Triomphe, wonderful local cuisine and modern fashion. However, we want to tell you about the lesser-known details of Paris, which sometimes the residents of the French capital themselves do not even know about.

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Many people dream of Paris almost from early childhood. A dream comes true, but, what is most interesting, most of all the rest in France is remembered not by the beautiful architecture, not by French dishes and not by fashionable shops, but by such a seemingly banal form of transport as the metro. The reason for this was the following episode: Russian tourists, who went down for the first time to the "Parisian Subway", could not get into the subway car. The train stopped, but the doors in front of them did not open, after standing a little, the train went on. The amazed girls only on the example of the next train and the French, who are accustomed to what is happening, found out that in the Paris metro, passengers must independently open and close the doors in the carriages. In addition, in the Parisian metro (very shallow), no stations are announced, and there are no metro employees at turnstiles - such is the self-service system.

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Do not be surprised if the Frenchman whom you turned to for help on one of the streets of Paris, to your simple and understandable question on English language will answer in French. The French are very jealous of their language, to the point that in 1994 a special law was passed that regulates the rules for the use of English words. French linguists even specially introduced a number of new terms and concepts to replace those, the appearance of which was due to new foreign scientific developments and technology. Parisians are more than sure that their native language is no worse than English and quite often pretends not to know English words and expressions.

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Traders on the Champs Elysees often make Russian tourists smile. Groups of energetic African Americans, hung with little eiffel towers and headscarves, literally cuddle tourists from all sides. As soon as they understand what country you have come from, they begin to guess your name: “Yulia? Kate! Marina?!" Traders are dispersed by gendarmes on bicycles - a rather unusual and even strange picture.

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The fountain in front of the Eiffel Tower can be considered an unofficial place to swim and relax on the grass under the sun in hot weather. This is a place for pleasant meetings and no less pleasant new acquaintances, people are friendly and open to communication

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The loaf under the arm of passers-by is already an old tradition and one of the symbols of France. After all, a baguette - a long soft loaf made of flour, yeast, salt and water - is an invention of the French. In France, there is generally an extraordinary number of shops selling bread and various flour sweets. The most popular of the flour products are called croque-monsieur and croque-madame. The first is two long baked baguette halves, pre-oiled and lined with ham and cheese. Crock-Madame is distinguished by the fact that its filling is complemented with a flirty egg yolk.

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Next unusual fact from Paris not for aesthetes. The thing is that Parisians are crazy about dogs, of which there are more than children in the city and can appear with them in many public places, including in a number of restaurants. There are more than half a million four-legged friends of man in Paris. Of course, this is one of the reasons why the streets French capital you need to walk with caution. In addition to dog excrement, it is quite normal to find streams of soapy water under your feet - this is a consequence of cleaning the city. One of the special machines for such work is code-named "motorcycle vacuum cleaner".

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Translucent plastic urns are the norm in Paris, despite the fact that they can hardly be called a decoration of the city. The replacement for this unsightly structure was caused by several explosions organized by terrorists in 1995, when explosive devices were thrown into garbage cans.

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In Paris, you can drink water directly from the tap. Residents of the French capital are extremely proud of the water treatment and sewage system in their city. Paris even has an unusual Sewer Museum.

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And now a small excursion into history ... Not everyone had and now likes the unusual structure of Paris - the Eiffel Tower, which is the main attraction when you choose tours to Paris. Many consider this symbol of France to be a real ugliness, one of these many was the famous writer Guy de Maupassant. Meanwhile, he regularly dined at the Eiffel Tower restaurant, which amazed those around him. Once he was asked: "Why, you dine in the tower, you hate it ?!" In response, the writer called the restaurant in the Eiffel Tower "the only place from where this nightmare is not visible."

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Paris Metro is the 6th busiest in the world.

In 2010, the Paris metro was visited by 1.48 billion passengers and despite the fact that this is 10 million less than the New York metro, the situation will undoubtedly change in 2011 in favor of the Paris metro. In addition, the underground public transport Paris is one of the oldest in Europe, second only to London and Budapest.

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Highest and lowest temperatures in Paris

The record of the most high temperature The city was established on July 28, 1948, when the thermometer rose to 40.4 degrees Celsius. On the coldest and coldest days, the screens of shopping malls displayed a figure of -23.9 degrees.

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Paris is turning into a cycling city

Several decades ago, Paris was a polluted car city, but in the late 90s the situation began to change for the better. Today, the city has more than 440 kilometers of bike paths. It is planned that by 2014 this figure will increase to 700 kilometers.

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Paris is home to the most a large number of fashionable restaurants

All restaurants are located in Paris, which are full of their names on the front pages of the most famous print publications. Despite the fact that this fact is not a secret for local residents, visiting tourists are always surprised by the variety of places where you can spend both a romantic dinner with your beloved half and have fun in big company friends.

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The Eiffel Tower cannot be photographed at night

Yes, we were not mistaken. At least not without special permission from the tower's management. Back in 1990, a French court ruled that all the lights on the Eiffel Tower are copyrighted. Therefore, do not rush to upload photos of Paris at night on your blog - you are breaking the law of France. According to the French, all night photos of the tower, posted on the Internet, were officially approved by the administration.

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Vladimir Vysotsky in Paris almost went to jail. One night, having parked next to the house where he lived with Marina Vlady, Vysotsky began, according to the Soviet habit, to remove the windshield wipers and the mirror from the car. A passing policeman, naturally, decided that it was a thief and took Vysotsky to the police. Fortunately, Marina Vlady arrived in time. The policeman released Vysotsky with the words: "Excuse me, monsieur, I did not know that you were Russian."

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The Eiffel Tower, as well as the Mona Lisa on display at the Louvre, is on the list of most disappointing attractions. Small in size, "Mona Lisa" is almost impossible to see through the non-diminishing crowd of tourists. The Louvre is visited by 25,000 people every day.

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The Eiffel Tower was built for a period of only 20 years. It was assumed that after that the tower would be dismantled. After all, what's the point of showing longer an exhibit at the World's Fair, which was the Eiffel Tower, built to demonstrate French engineering achievements.

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The oldest surviving bridges in Paris over the Seine River are called Pont Neuf (Pont Neuf), that is, "New Bridge".

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It is believed that modern paris designed for war. In the middle of the 19th century, many of the old streets of the city were expanded and straightened. The point is, wide streets are more difficult to barricade.

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For a long time in Europe the concept of "Parisian meridian" was used. It was the prime meridian on French maps. On the line of this meridian is the Paris Observatory.

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Presentation on the topic: "My beloved Paris" Completed by: student of Group 09-SMOS-23 Yulia Kostiv Checked by: Isaeva I. Yu. Shchipkov O. V. Department of Education GBOU SPO TC No. 43 Company Logo LOGO

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Paris is the capital of France, the most important economic and cultural center of the country, located in northern central France, in the Ile-de-France region on the banks of the Seine River. In addition, Paris is of great international importance - here are the headquarters of UNESCO, OECD and the International Chamber of Commerce. Company Logo

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Throughout the existence of France, Paris has been a treasure of the nation, fraught with centuries of culture and incredible charm. More than 27 million tourists come to Paris every year to get to know this amazing city better. If you ask the locals for a few facts about their city, then usually the dialogue is limited to the Eiffel Tower or Arc de Triomphe, great local cuisine and modern fashion. However, we want to tell you about the lesser-known details of Paris, which sometimes the residents of the French capital themselves do not even know about. Company Logo

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Many people dream of Paris almost from early childhood. A dream comes true, but, most interestingly, most of all, the rest in France is remembered not by the beautiful architecture, not by French dishes and not by fashionable shops, but by such a seemingly banal form of transport as the metro. The reason for this was the following episode: Russian tourists, who went down for the first time to the "Parisian Subway", could not get into the subway car. The train stopped, but the doors in front of them did not open, after standing a little, the train went on. The amazed girls only on the example of the next train and the French, who are accustomed to what is happening, found out that in the Paris metro, passengers must independently open and close the doors in the carriages. In addition, in the Parisian metro (very shallow), no stations are announced, and there are no metro employees at turnstiles - such is the self-service system. Company Logo

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Don't be surprised if the Frenchman you turned to for help on one of the streets of Paris answers your simple and understandable question in English in French. The French are very jealous of their language, to the point that in 1994 a special law was passed that regulates the rules for the use of English words. French linguists even specially introduced a number of new terms and concepts to replace those, the appearance of which was due to new foreign scientific developments and technology. Parisians are more than convinced that their native language is no worse than English, and quite often they pretend not to know English words and expressions. Company Logo

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Russian tourists often smile at the merchants on the Champs Elysees. Groups of energetic African Americans, hung with little eiffel towers and headscarves, literally cuddle tourists from all sides. As soon as they understand what country you have come from, they begin to guess your name: “Yulia? Kate! Marina?!" Traders are dispersed by gendarmes on bicycles - a rather unusual and even strange picture. Company Logo

Slide 7

www.themegallery.com Company Logo The fountain in front of the Eiffel Tower can be considered an unofficial place to swim and relax on the grass under the sun in hot weather. This is a place for pleasant meetings and no less pleasant new acquaintances, people are friendly and open to communication Company Logo

Slide 8

www.themegallery.com Company Logo Add your Title Text n here Text in here The loaf under the arm of passers-by is already an old tradition and one of the symbols of France. After all, a baguette - a long soft loaf made of flour, yeast, salt and water - is an invention of the French. In France, there is generally an extraordinary number of shops selling bread and various flour sweets. The most popular of the flour products are called croque-monsieur and croque-madame. The first is two long baked baguette halves, pre-oiled and lined with ham and cheese. Crock-Madame is distinguished by the fact that its filling is complemented with a flirty egg yolk. Company Logo

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo The next unusual fact from Paris is not for aesthetes. The thing is that Parisians are crazy about dogs, of which there are more than children in the city and can appear with them in many public places, including in a number of restaurants. There are more than half a million four-legged friends of man in Paris. Of course, this is one of the reasons why you need to walk with caution in the streets of the French capital. In addition to dog excrement, it is quite normal to find streams of soapy water under your feet - this is a consequence of cleaning the city. One of the special machines for such work is code-named "motorcycle vacuum cleaner". Company Logo

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Translucent polyethylene trash bins are the norm in Paris, despite the fact that they can hardly be called a decoration of the city. The replacement for this unsightly structure was caused by several explosions organized by terrorists in 1995, when explosive devices were thrown into garbage cans. Company Logo

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo In Paris, you can drink water straight from the tap. Residents of the French capital are extremely proud of the water treatment and sewage system in their city. Paris even has an unusual Sewer Museum. Company Logo

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo And now a little excursion into history ... Not everyone had and now likes the unusual structure of Paris - the Eiffel Tower, which is emphatically the main attraction when you choose tours to Paris. Many consider this symbol of France to be a real ugliness, one of these many was the famous writer Guy de Maupassant. Meanwhile, he regularly dined at the Eiffel Tower restaurant, which amazed those around him. Once he was asked: "Why, you dine in the tower, you hate it ?!" In response, the writer called the restaurant in the Eiffel Tower "the only place from where this nightmare is not visible." Company Logo

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Paris Metro is the 6th busiest in the world. In 2010, the Paris metro was visited by 1.48 billion passengers and despite the fact that this is 10 million less than the New York metro, the situation will undoubtedly change in 2011 in favor of the Paris metro. In addition, Paris's underground public transport system is one of the oldest in Europe, second only to London and Budapest. Company Logo

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Highest and lowest temperatures in Paris The record for the highest temperature in the city was set on July 28, 1948, when the thermometer rose to 40.4 degrees Celsius. On the coldest and coldest days, the screens of shopping malls displayed a figure of -23.9 degrees. Company Logo

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Your Text Paris is turning into a cycling city Several decades ago, Paris was a polluted car city, but in the late 90s the situation began to change for the better. Today, the city has more than 440 kilometers of bike paths. It is planned that by 2014 this figure will increase to 700 kilometers. Company Logo

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Paris has the largest number of luxury restaurants Paris is home to all the restaurants that are full of their names on the front pages of the most famous print publications. Despite the fact that this fact is not a secret for local residents, visiting tourists are always surprised by the variety of places where you can spend a romantic dinner with your beloved half or have fun with a large company of friends. Company Logo

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www.themegallery.com Company Logo Add our Title Add Your Title The Eiffel Tower cannot be photographed at night. Yes, we were not mistaken. At least not without special permission from the tower's management. Back in 1990, a French court ruled that all the lights on the Eiffel Tower are copyrighted. Therefore, do not rush to upload photos of Paris at night on your blog - you are breaking the law of France. According to the French, all night photos of the tower, posted on the Internet, were officially approved by the administration. Company Logo

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Project "Let's open the world to each other" Nomination "I'll show you this city"

PARIS Completed by: Smirnov Ivan, team "KLIO", school №185 in Nizhny Novgorod

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ISLAND SITE

Paris originated on the Ile de la Cité in the middle of the Seine. In the 3rd century BC. the tribe of the parisians settled here. In 52 the settlement was conquered by the Romans, and in the 5th century by the Franks. The city, named Lutetia, developed and became a crossroads of important trade routes. Gradually the name Lutetia disappeared from everyday life, it was replaced by the name "city of parisians", which soon transformed into Paris. Over time, the city went beyond the borders of the Ile de la Cité, people settled on the banks of the Seine, occupied the hills closest to it. Now from the medieval buildings of the eastern part of the Cité, only the Notre-Dame Cathedral has survived.

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CATHEDRAL OF MOTHER OF PARIS

The foundation stone of the cathedral was laid in 1163 by King Louis VII and Pope Alexander III. Before that, on the site of the cathedral there was an ancient Roman temple of the 1st century, later - a Christian basilica. The construction of Notre Dame Cathedral continued until 1345. History has not preserved the name of the first architect of the cathedral. It is only known that the Parisian Bishop Maurice de Sully took part in drafting the project. The construction has come down to us unfinished. Its two 70-meter towers were to be crowned with spiers.

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STAINED GLASS "ROSE"

From the interior decorations of the 13th century in Notre Dame Cathedral, only stained glass windows of the "rose" - a round window (10 meters in diameter) of the southern portal of the central facade have survived. The stained glass window is dedicated to the theme of "blessed eternity": around Jesus Christ are the apostles, saints and angels of paradise.

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SQUARE JOHN XXIII

Behind the southern façade of Notre Dame Cathedral is the John XXIII Square. At the site of the park, at first there was a construction waste dump, then, from the 17th century, - the residence of the archbishop. In 1831, the building was demolished, the wasteland was bought by the prefect of the Seine Rambuto, planted trees and flowers there and decorated with the fountain of the virgin (1845).

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CONCIERGERIES

The conciergerie is part of the royal castle of the Capetian era (14th century). Two towers of the castle - Caesar and Silver - are framed on both sides by facades of the 17th century. A hall of warriors, a hall of armed guards, kitchen services, an inner courtyard have been preserved in the castle from the Middle Ages.

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NEW BRIDGE

The new bridge connects the western part of the Ile de la Cité with both banks of the Seine. Contrary to its name, it is the oldest surviving bridge in Paris. The first stone was laid on May 31, 1578. The construction was completed in 1606. The bridge was designed by the outstanding architect Androuet du Cerso. The bridge turned out to be so strong that it was never rebuilt.

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Equestrian statue of Henry IV

In 1614, a statue of Henry IV was erected near the New Bridge. During the French Revolution, the statue was removed from the pedestal, but restored in 1818 by the sculptor Lemo.

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BASILICA SAKRE KOR

When Prussian troops besieged Paris in 1870, two French Catholics, Alexandre Lejante and Roo de Fleury, vowed that if France wins the war, build a church and dedicate it to the Sacred Heart of Christ. France lost, but Paris escaped occupation. In 1875, construction began on the basilica with donations from the people. The project was developed by the architect Abadi. The consecration of the temple took place in 1919. The basilica was built in the neo-Byzantine style of white sandstone. The interior is richly decorated with marble sculptures, stained glass windows and mosaics.

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DISABLED CATHEDRAL

Frequent wars led to the fact that in the middle of the 17th century in France there were many retired disabled soldiers forced to begging. In 1670, Louis XIV decided to build a house and a temple for them. The Cathedral of the House of Invalids (architect Aardouen-Mansart) is an example of architectural grace and symmetry. The facade is decorated with a double colonnade. The huge dome, entwined with golden garlands and flowers, is crowned with a gilded lantern with a spire. Napoleon Bonaparte is buried in the crypt of the cathedral.

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In 1744, a seriously ill Louis XV vowed to build a church in honor of the patroness of Paris, Saint Genevieve. The consecration of the church took place in 1790. During the Great French Revolution, the church was turned into the Pantheon - the tomb of great people. The architecture of the building is an example of classicism. The vaults of the building are supported by the columns of the Corinthian order. There are no window openings in the walls. They are replaced by maruflé canvases glued to stone walls. The pictorial cycle, created by Puvis de Chavante and Laurent, is dedicated to Saint Genevieve.

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In the 20th century, at the pillars of the dome of the Pantheon, 4 sculptural groups were installed (counterclockwise): "Jean-Jacques Rousseau" (Bartolomé, 1912), "To the Glory of the Generals of the Revolution" (Gask, 1925), "Orators and Publicists of the Restoration Era" (Markest , 1919), "Diderot and the Encyclopedists" (Treroir, 1925) and "National Convention" (Sicard, 1924)

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FUCO'S PENDULUM

Attached to the light dome of the Pantheon is a working copy of Foucault's pendulum, which physicist Leon Foucault used to show in 1851 that the Earth rotates. Anyone can be convinced that this is actually the case.

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PALET ROYAL

The palace was built in the 17th century by order of Cardinal Richelieu. After his death, the palace passed into the possession of King Louis XIII. When Anna of Austria settled here, the palace began to be called the Royal (Palais Royal). The architectural ensemble of the Palais Royal consists of the palace itself, which today houses the Council of State, and galleries, which on three sides frame the inner garden, planned by Louis XIV himself.

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AREA OF CONSENT

The place for the square was chosen by Louis XV, and the project was developed by J.-A. Gabriel. The construction of the square was completed in 1779. The square acquired its modern look in 1836, when the architect Khitorf installed the Luxor Obelisk in its center - a gift from the Egyptian Pasha Mahmet-Ali.

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In the 16th century, there was a dump on the site of the garden, and the clay mined here was used for the production of tiles - in French “tuile”, from which the name Tuileries originated. By order of Catherine de Medici, a garden was laid out on this site, which became the first public place for outdoor walks.

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TRIUMPHAL ARCH IN THE SQUARE KARUSELS

The Arc de Triomphe was erected in the early 19th century in honor of Napoleon's victories. It is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the most famous episodes of the Napoleonic wars. The Arc de Triomphe served as a solemn entrance to the emperor's residence - the Tuileries Palace. An equestrian group was installed on the arch, taken by order of Napoleon from the portal of St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice. In 1815, the sculpture was returned to Italy, and the arch was crowned with a bronze quadriga with a statue of Peace.

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The palace complex of the Louvre took shape over many centuries. At the end of the 12th century, King Philip Augustus built a castle to protect the approaches to the Ile de la Cité. The fortress was named Louvre (from leovar - fortification). In the 14th century, fortifications were erected around the city and the castle lost its defensive function. Under Charles V, it was rebuilt and turned into a royal residence. In the 16th century, a significant part of the building was demolished and a new palace was built in the vacant place, which was constantly expanded over time.

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Until recently, the exposition of the museum occupied only the right wing of the palace, the Old Louvre and the Square Courtyard. In 1981, it was decided to create the Grand Louvre. The Ministry of Finance, which occupied the left wing of the palace, moved to another building, and the area of ​​the museum expanded significantly. There was a problem of creating a single central entrance. According to the project of the architect Yeo Ming Lei, a glass pyramid was built in the courtyard of the Louvre, which connected all the departments of the museum with underground passages. It houses a hall, cash desks, wardrobe, shops where you can buy catalogs, souvenirs, books.

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MUSEUM LOUVRE

As a museum, the Louvre opened in 1793. The exposition is based on collections of French kings. Currently, the Louvre Museum houses more than 25 thousand works of art. The museum is divided into 7 sections: Ancient East and Islamic art, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greek, Etruscan and Roman art, arts and crafts, European painting (1200-1850), European sculpture (1100-1850), graphics. The jewels of the Louvre collection are La Gioconda, Venus de Milo and Nika of Samothrace.

Venus de Milo

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CHURCH SAINT ESTACH

The Church of Saint-Eustache was built in the middle of the 18th century with money raised by merchants in the nearby market. It is one of the last Gothic churches in Paris. The peculiarity of the temple lies in the combination of Gothic vaults with the Renaissance forms of the facade and columns. Moliere, Cardinal Richelieu, Madame Pompadour were baptized in this church. Here Berlioz and Liszt performed their works on the church organ. Among the artistic treasures of the church are paintings by Rubens and sculptures by Pigalle.

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PALACE OF JUSTICE

In ancient times, this place was the palace of the Roman governors, and in the 13th century, during the Capetian dynasty, a fortified castle was built, which served as the residence of the first French kings. At the end of the 14th century, the Louvre became the royal palace, and the Parisian parliament was located in the old residence. After the Great French Revolution, the building became known as the Palace of Justice. Now it houses the highest court in France - the Court of Cassation.

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SAINT CHAPEL

The ensemble of the Palace of Justice includes the Saint-Chapelle (Holy Chapel) chapel, built in the 13th century by order of Louis IX to store the relic - the crown of thorns of Jesus Christ. Saint-Chapelle consists of two chapels, one above the other. The lower one was intended for courtiers. A service for the royal family was held at the top. The chapel is crowned with a 75-meter spire. The delicate rose on the facade dates back to the 15th century. In the lancet windows, stained-glass windows of the 13th century have been preserved - 1134 scenes depicting biblical subjects.

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MARSOVO FIELD

The Field of Mars was created at the end of the 18th century as a training ground for the students of the Military School and was named after the god of war. The first horse races in Paris (1780), the first experiments in aerostatics (1783), the first attempt to climb in a balloon (1784) took place here. In 1889, Champ de Mars was chosen as the site for the construction of the Eiffel Tower. At the beginning of the 20th century, a beautiful park was laid out here.

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EIFFEL TOWER ILLUMINATION SYSTEM

In 1985, an illumination system was introduced, in accordance with which the floodlights were installed inside the tower itself so that their directional light emphasized the lightness and grace of the structure. In 2000, they added "star twinkling" - the lights running at great speed create the effect of a wonderful fireworks. Every 7 years, the Eiffel Tower is painted by hand, adding a yellow pigment to the paint, which gives an additional glow in the rays of spotlights and lamps.

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MOULIN ROUGE

The most famous cabaret in Paris opened in 1889. According to legend, the Moulin Rouge scene is the birthplace of the Cancan. Ella Fitzgerald, Edith Piaf, Frank Sinatra, Elton John, Yves Montand, Jean Gabin, Charles Aznavour, Liza Minnelli performed on the cabaret stage. In 1990, the cabaret was completely rebuilt and equipped with last word technology, only the wings of the Red Mill have survived from the old building.

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CENTRAL MARKET FORUM

There used to be swamps here. Then the land was drained and in 1137 a market was opened, which became the commercial center of Paris. Zola described this place in the novel "The Womb of Paris". The Parisians liked the name and stuck with it. In 1969, the market was closed, and in its place the construction of a modern shopping center... The original buildings of glass and metal rose above the ground, and inside a real underground city... The four underground levels of the Forum go down 17.5 meters. Daylight penetrates the glazed galleries through an intricate system of mirrors.

TOWER MONPARNAS

The tower of black glass and steel, built in 1973 by the architects Baudouin, Cassant, de Mariana and Szabo, rises 210 meters above Paris.The fastest elevator in Europe takes passengers to a height of 195 meters in 38 seconds.At the 56th and 59th -m floors of the tower are open observation decks. The view of the European skyscraper turned out to be so unnatural that it was decided not to build such high-rise structures in the central part of the city.

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DISTRICT DEFANCE

La Defense is a business and commercial district in the northwestern part of Paris. It was created in 1957-1989. led by the architect Le Corbusier. "Defense" is translated as "defense", and according to the plan of city planners, the area should play the role of a "shield" protecting the historical part of Paris, formed in the 17-19th centuries, from the influence of modern architecture.

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SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT PARIS:

* Paris in your pocket. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Welcome", 2008 * Paris. - Moscow: Publishing house "Around the world", 2007 * France. - Moscow: Publishing house "Vokrug sveta", 2007