Very interesting presentation "seven wonders of the world". Very interesting presentation "seven wonders of the world" Seven wonders of the ancient world presentation conclusion
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
The Colossus of Rhodes
mausoleum in Halicarnassus
Alexandrian lighthouse
Great Pyramid of Giza
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Zeus statue in Olympia
The Pyramid of Cheops
Built in 2550 BC e.Location: Giza (Egypt).
Creators: Egyptians.
The only one of the "miracles" that has survived to this day.
Purpose of the structure: the tomb of Pharaoh Cheops. For the construction of the Great
pyramids 100,000 people
it took 20 years. It
was created from more than
2 million stone
blocks, each of which
weighed at least 2.5 tons.
The workers dragged them to
place using ramps,
blocks and levers and then
adjusted to each other, without
solution. Upon completion
works Great Pyramid
rose to 147 meters. Now its top has collapsed. Only one pyramid
son Khufu at its very top preserved the limestone
facing.
The Egyptian pyramid is the oldest of the Seven Wonders
antiquities. This is the only miracle that has survived to
our days. During its creation, the Great Pyramid
was the tallest structure in the world. And kept
she has this record for almost 4000 years.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Built in 600 BC e.Location: Babylon (Iraq)
Creators: Babylonians
Destroyed: After the 1st century BC e.
Purpose of structures: They were created for the king's wife
Nebuchadnezzar II .. The Hanging Gardens were one of the most famous curiosities
the ancient city of Babylon. However, although archaeologists have found
the alleged ruins of the gardens, to prove that this is exactly
they are, impossible. We only know one thing: gardens
really existed because people saw and
described them.
Zeus statue in Olympia
Built: 435 BC e.,sculptor Phidias
Place: Olympia (Greece)
Creators: Greeks
Destroyed: V-VI centuries.
Reason for destruction: burned down in Constantinople during
the time of the fire at the Hippodrome in the 5th century
Purpose of the structure: temple statue in the temple of Zeus in
Olympia In 462 A.D. the palace in which the statue stood was
destroyed by fire.
An earthquake struck the Olympic region in the 6th century.
The temple was destroyed by floods and its remains are covered
silt.
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
Built: 550 BC e.Location: Ephesus (Turkey)
Creators: Lydians,
Greeks, Persians
Destroyed: 370 BC e.
356 BC e. (By Herostratus)
or 262 AD e. (goths)
Cause of destruction: fire
Purpose of the structure: was built in honor of the goddess
Artemis Two hundred years later, in 356 BC. BC, the temple was burned
to ashes by a man named Herostratus.
Years later, Alexander the Great visited Ephesus and ordered
restore the temple. Temple of Alexander lasted until ///
century AD e. Today from the temple at Ephesus
only
several blocks
grounds and one
restored column.
mausoleum in Halicarnassus
Built: 351 BC e.Location: Halicarnassus
(in southwest Turkey)
Creators: Carians,
Persians, Greeks
Destroyed: 1494
Cause of destruction: earthquake; preserved:
foundations, architectural fragments; in British
Museum in London - statues of Mavsol and his wife
Artemisia, reliefs, statues of lions
Purpose of the structure: was erected as a tombstone
a monument to the Carian ruler Mavsol by his wife -
Queen Artemisia Eighteen later
centuries earthquake
destroyed the Mausoleum before
grounds. Three hundred more years
passed before
archaeologists have started
excavation. In 1857, all
finds were transported
to the British Museum in
London. Now in place
where once was
Mausoleum, only
a handful of stones.
The Colossus of Rhodes
Built: Between 292 and 280 BC e.Location: Rhodes (Greece)
Creators: Greeks
Destroyed: 224 (or 226) BC e.
the bronze case was
dismantled in 654 AD e.
Cause of destruction: earthquake
Purpose of the structure: was installed by a sculptor
Hares to perpetuate the memory of the victory of Rhodes
over Demetrius Poliorketes (304 BC) We don't know exactly how
what the statue looked like and where is it
stood.
The statue was made from
bronze and reached in
a height of about 33 meters.
It was created
sculptor Hareth, on
its construction took 12
years old.
Alexandrian lighthouse
Built: 3rd century BC e.Location: Alexandria (Egypt)
Creators: Ptolemaic Dynasty
Destroyed: 303 BC AD - 1480 AD
(stood for 1500 years)
Cause of destruction: earthquake
Purpose of the structure: the light of this lighthouse was very
useful for shipping. BUT THE MOST IMPORTANT 7 WONDERS OF THE WORLD IS THIS
1. SEE
2. HEAR
3. TOUCH
4. TRY
5. FEEL
6. Laugh
7. LOVE
Presentation: Seven Wonders of the World
Preparedstudent 4 B class
secondary school number 4
Imanova Sabina
Classroom teacher
Hasanova Sabina
Thanks for attention
WONDERS OF THE WORLD
Over the centuries, people have compiled a variety of lists of wonders of the world.
1 Three miracles according to Herodotus
2 Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
3 Modern seven wonders of the world
4 Man-made wonders of the world
5 Wonders of the Natural World
6 Seven Natural Wonders of the World from CNN
7 Wonders of the World from BBC
Purpose of the study
Do we know about our ancestors what they wanted to tell about themselves
Research methods
Scientific literature
Children's surveys
Internet resources
- Learn the secret of our world through the messages of ancestors
- Understand what they left us as a legacy
- Feel where and how our ancestors lived
- Find out how we keep their memory
Wonder of the world, III century BC
1. Pyramid of Cheops (Giza, 2550 BC),
Pyramid of Heops (Khufu) - the largest of egyptian pyramids, the only one of the "Seven Wonders of the World" that has survived to this day.
It is estimated that construction, which lasted twenty years, ended around 2560 BC. e.
] The architect of the Great Pyramid is Hemiun, the vizier and nephew of Cheops.
The pyramid is called "Akhet-Khufu" - "Horizon of Khufu" (or more precisely "Relating to the sky - (this is) Khufu").
The Pyramid of Cheops
The pyramid was originally made of white limestone.
The top of the pyramid was crowned with a gilded stone.
The veneer shone in the Sun with a peach color, as if “a shining miracle, to which the Sun god Ra himself seemed to have given all his rays.
In 1168 A.D. e. the Arabs plundered and burned Cairo. Residents of Cairo removed the cladding from the pyramid in order to build new houses.
Inside the Cheops pyramid there are three burial chambers, one above the other.
There are ventilation ducts inside the pyramid.
It is believed that the people who built the pyramid had scientific data in the fields of geometry, astronomy, physics.
Because the pyramid is built taking into account the number of PIs, corridors and channels are built inside it, which show the direction to different directions of the world, indicate the position of the stars in the sky.
Also near this pyramid were found 7 pits, in which there were boats built of cedar without a single nail.
There is a lot of incomprehensible in this pyramid, tk. there are many dead ends laid by limestone, the pyramid itself is made of geopolymer concrete, the production of which was opened quite recently.
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Turkey 356 BC e.
According to legend, Artemis was the twin sister of Apollo.
Artemis took care of everything that lives on the earth and grows in the forest and in the field. She took care of wild animals, herds of livestock, she caused the growth of grasses, flowers and trees. Artemis did not leave people with her attention either - she gave happiness in marriage and blessed the birth of children.
The temple was burned by a resident of Ephesus, Herostratus. By the decision of the rulers, his name was to be deleted from history and from the memory of people.
Alexander the Great gave money to build a new church.
In 263, the sanctuary of Artemis was sacked by the Goths.
Over time, the temple drowned in the mud of the swamp.
Now on the site of this temple there is one column.
Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey, mid-4th century BC e.
Halicarnassus mausoleum - - the tombstone of the Carian ruler Mavsol.
They began to build it during the life of Mavsol.
The mausoleum stood for 19 centuries. In the XIII century, it collapsed from a strong earthquake, and in 1522 the remains of the Mausoleum were dismantled by the knights to build a fortress.
Colossus of Rhodes, Greece
The Colossus of Rhodes is a giant statue of the ancient Greek god of the Sun Helios, which stood in the port city of Rhodes.
The statue stood for 65 years.
The statue was destroyed by an earthquake twice. The sages said that if the people erect a statue again, then the island of Rhodes will go under water.
The wreckage of the Colossus lay on the ground for over a thousand years before finally being sold by the Arabs. The Arabs have loaded 900 camels. While this statue was lying on the ground, people came and hugged it. Hugging the Spike's finger - there was not enough girth of the hands. This suggests that the statue was 60 meters high.
In November 2008, the intention was announced to reconstruct the statue as a lighting installation. It will be made 100 meters high. It will cost about 200 million euros.
Lighthouse of Alexandria (Alexandria, 3rd century BC).
Lighthouse of Alexandria - was built in the 3rd century BC. e. in the Egyptian city of Alexandria so that ships can safely pass the reefs on their way to the Alexandria Bay. At night they were helped in this by the reflection of the flames, and during the day - by a column of smoke. The total height of the lighthouse is 120-140 meters, its light was visible at a distance of 60 km. It was the first lighthouse in the world, and it stood for almost a thousand years, but in 796 AD. e. was badly damaged by an earthquake. Subsequently, the Arabs who came to Egypt tried to restore it, and by the XIV century. the height of the lighthouse was about 30 m. At the end of the 15th century. Sultan Kait-bey erected a fortress on the site of the lighthouse, which still stands today.
The great Wall of China
The construction involved about a million people.
The length of the wall with all its branches is 8 thousand 851 kilometers and 800 meters.
The wall was supposed to clearly mark the boundaries of Chinese civilization.
Today, more than 40 km of the wall has already disappeared, and only 10 km are still in place, the height of the wall in some places has decreased from five to two meters.
The wall is gradually crumbling.
Colosseum, Ancient Rome
The Colosseum is an amphitheater that is built at the bottom of a pond. There were battles of gladiators, fights of animals, theatrical performances and other entertainments.
When the wars began, the Colosseum served as a fortress.
Now this object is guarded, excursions are held on it.
Recently, excavations have been carried out at the site of the Colosseum and basements have been found inside the theater, which once served to push groups of people and animals, trees and other decorations into the arena, and, possibly, to fill it with water and lift ships up.
Machu Picchu, South America, Peru
Machu Picchu is an ancient Inca city. The name translates as “city in the clouds.” This city served as a winter refuge for the ruler Pachacuteca. There are no more than 200 structures in Machu Picchu. And up to 1200 people lived in it and around it, who worshiped the Sun god there. Why did the Incas leave this city? who doesn't know.
Hidden in the mountains, for a long time no one could find the city. For the world, the "Lost City" of the Incas was opened only in 1911 and today amazes tourists with the level of engineering.
It is believed that on the tops of these mountains, local priests followed the movement of the sun in winter and on some days the sun seemed to cling to the tops of the mountains and illuminate the city. This was considered a good sign.
This is one of the most beautiful places on the planet. Built entirely of stone. The whole area is covered with very rich vegetation. The extraordinary beauty of the mountain landscape surrounding the complex is striking.
Taj Mahal Asia, Agra, India
Taj Mahal is a mausoleum-mosque located in Agra, India.
The building began to be built around 1632 and was completed in 1653; 20 thousand artisans and craftsmen worked.
Inside the mausoleum there are two tombs - the shah and his wife.
The walls are lined with polished translucent marble.
Marble has such a feature that in bright daylight it looks white, pink at dawn, and silver on a moonlit night.
According to an unconfirmed legend, a twin building made of black marble should have been located on the other side of the river, but it was not completed. A gray marble bridge was supposed to connect the two buildings.
Christ the Redeemer Statue South America
A statue of Christ with outstretched arms on the top of Mount Corcovado in Rio de Janeiro. It is a symbol of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil in general. Made of reinforced concrete and soapstone.
The exact dimensions of the statue of Christ the Redeemer are: height - 38 meters, including the pedestal - 8 meters; weight - 1145 tons; arm span - 30 meters.
Currently, the statue is visited by tourists.
It is constantly being restored.
Amazon, Ecuador
Amazon River South America, the largest in the world in size. Length 7000 km.
The vast area is home to more than a million of the most diverse species of plants and animals, and this area, without exaggeration, can be called the world's genetic fund. Many of their species have not even been described or identified.
Scientists claim that 10 km² of rainforest contains 1.5 thousand species of flowers, 750 species of trees, 125 species of mammals, 400 species of birds and countless insects and invertebrates.
In the Amazonian jungle, there are many animals that can pose a serious danger to humans.
Snakes anaconda and poisonous shushuya and fever, as well as the "brown spider".
In the rivers, there are electric rays that can generate an electric charge that can kill a person, piranhas that can make a serious wound with their bite and caneru condiru that can penetrate the urinary tract of humans and animals and bring their victim to death due to almost complete loss of blood.
There is also a freshwater dolphin.
The trees are home to various species of tailless amphibians from the Dart frog family, whose skin secretes a strong lipophilic poison - batrachotoxin.
In particular, some species of bats are a natural carrier of the rabies virus, and mosquitoes are carriers of leishmaniasis.
A humid warm environment creates favorable conditions for the spread of malaria, tropical fever and other infectious diseases by their vectors. The screw insect lays eggs on wet clothes, in contact with human skin, it bites into it and lays eggs.
There is a legend that the Amazons lived in these forests. Amazons are tribes in which there were only one women. They took men prisoner, gave birth to children from them. If a girl was born, then she was left in the tribe, and if a boy, then he was sent to his father.
Komodo National Park Indonesia
Komodo National Park - located in the center of the Indonesian archipelago.
This national park founded in 1980.
Territory national park c includes three main islands: Komodo, Rinka and Padar.
The most famous animal of the park is the Komodo dragon.
Underground River Puerto Princesa Karst Caves Philippines
Underground River Puerto Princesa - An underground river near the Philippine city of Puerto Princesa, on about. Palawan (Philippines).
In the area of \u200b\u200bits location, the National Park of the Underground River of the city of Puerto Princesa was created.
This river flows underground in a cave.
Currently, the specialized literature describes 30 species of local mammals that live in this park.
Here live long-tailed macaque, bearded pig, snakes, monitor lizards, lizards. Amphibians are represented by 10 species. Philippine barburula, dugong, Hawksbill sea turtle.
Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA
The Grand Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world.
The width (at the plateau level) ranges from 6 to 29 km, at the bottom level - less than a kilometer. Depth - up to 1600 m.
The Colorado River flows through the Canyon. Previously, the river flowed on the surface of the earth i.e. on the plain, but as a result of the movement of the earth's crust, the angle of the river flow changed and the water began to erode rocks. The Grand Canyon is still increasing due to ongoing erosion.
Great Barrier Reef northeast coast of Australia
The Great Barrier Reef is a ridge of coral reefs and islands in the Coral Sea, stretching along the northeastern coast of Australia for 2500 km.
The modern history of its development lasts about 8000 years.
Coral reef ecosystems are vulnerable because coral growth requires special conditions... The water temperature should not be lower than 17.5 ° C (ideal temperature 22-27 ° C). The water in which corals grow must have a certain salinity.
It is inhabited by the Butterfly Fish, a blue-ringed octopus, whose venom kills humans.
More than 400 species of coral live here.
The Great Barrier Reef is home to about 1,500 species of marine fish.
The South Reef Islands are a breeding ground for sea turtles.
It is also home to a huge number of crustaceans: crabs, shrimps, lobsters and lobsters. Even a small reef provides shelter for about a hundred different species of shrimp and crabs. There are also many shellfish on the reef.
Volcano Parikutin Mexico
Paricutin is the youngest Mexican volcano.
The formation of a new volcano is a rare phenomenon, and therefore the birth of Parikutin in the memory of the present generation has given volcanologists and geologists a rare opportunity to study this process in more detail.
For the first time, lava began to pour out of the volcano in July 1944.The volcano continued to operate until 1952.
Victoria Falls, South Africa
the waterfall is located on the Zambezi River in South Africa. The waterfall is about 1800 meters wide and 108 meters high.
Scottish explorers who visited the waterfall in 1855 named it - after Queen Victoria. Among the indigenous people of these places, the waterfall was known as "Thundering Smoke".
Victoria is the only waterfall in the world that is over 100 meters high and over a kilometer wide.
During the dry season, the waterfall is reduced to a few narrow streams, spray and fog are almost absent.
During the rainy season, more than 500 million liters of water per minute pass through the waterfall, due to the enormous force of the falling water, the spray rises hundreds of meters into the air.
This place is often visited by tourists, and a railway for tourists has been built near the waterfall.
The waterfall is located in two national parks - "Thundering Smoke" and Victoria Falls. ... Two white rhinos were brought to the Thundering Smoke National Park from South Africa.
Nazca Lines in Peru
The Nazca Lines are a group of giant geometric and figured geoglyphs on the Nazca Plateau in southern Peru. The presented images include straight lines, triangles, spirals, a bird, a monkey, a spider and flowers. Since they reach several hundred meters in length, it is difficult to recognize from the ground. In our time, they were officially discovered during flights over the plateau in the first half of the 20th century.
In popular literature, one can find speculation that the stripes in the Nazca desert are intended for the landing of alien spaceships, because until the beginning of the 20th century, humanity was not capable of flying.
The soil under the lines is compacted, which, according to the official version, is a consequence of the passage of a large number of people along the lines for ritual purposes.
It is quite, even possible, that a representative of the Nazca culture could have been observing astronomers, at least according to Dr. Phyllis Pitluga (astronomer of the Chicago Planetarium). After an intensive study of the relative position of the stars in Nazca using computer methods, she came to the conclusion that the famous image of the spider was conceived as a diagram of a giant star cluster in the constellation of Orion, and the straight lines that mate with this figure are like an arrow, the lines characterize the change in the declination of three stars in Orion's Belt ...
The lines themselves are drawn on the surface in the form of furrows up to 135 centimeters wide and up to 40-50 centimeters deep.
the largest Buddhist complex in the world Borobudur in Indonesia
Borobudur (Indonesian Borobudur) is a Buddhist stupa and the associated temple complex of the Mahayana Buddhist tradition.
The name can be translated "Buddhist temple on the mountain".
Until now, scientists cannot determine the exact date and duration of the construction of this temple - they assume that the temple was erected in the 7th-9th centuries.
The temple was built on a lake that was dried by ancestors. The building symbolizes a lotus - a sacred flower.
According to researchers, the structure can be viewed as a huge book for pilgrims. As the ritual circumambulation of each tier is completed, the pilgrims get acquainted with the life of the Buddha and with the elements of his teachings.
Statue of Liberty in the USA
Statue of Liberty (full name - Liberty Enlightening the World) is one of the most famous sculptures in the United States and in the world, often called "a symbol of New York and the United States", "a symbol of freedom and democracy ”,“ Lady Liberty ”. This is a gift from French citizens for the centenary of the American Revolution.
Since its inception, the statue has served as a navigational landmark and has been used as a lighthouse.
Visitors walk 356 steps to the crown.
There are 25 windows in the crown, which symbolize earthly gems and heavenly rays that illuminate the world. The seven rays on the crown of the statue symbolize the seven seas and seven continents.
The total weight of the concrete base is 27 thousand tons.
Imperial Forbidden City and the Terracotta Army in China
The Terracotta Army is the burial place of at least 8,099 full-size terracotta statues of Chinese warriors and their horses, discovered in 1974 near the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huang near Xi'an City.
The emperor was buried in this forbidden city, and an entire army was buried with him. An army of statues. However, it is known that there were burials of living people - servants of the emperor, burials of livestock and jewelry.
Meenakshi temple in India
Minaksha Temple is a Hindu temple in the city of Madurai.
Inside the temple is the sanctuary of the god Shiva-Sundareshvara and his sculptural image. On solemn religious days, the statue of the god is placed in a gilded carriage and taken out of the temple, an elephant is harnessed into it and a procession is made around the temple.
The temple is 258 meters wide and 223 meters long. Height - 51.9 meters.
It is crowned with fourteen towers up to 50 meters high. Five towers are located inside the temple, the rest are outside. All of them are completely covered with many relatively small painted sculptures. These are the many-armed Shiva, many-sided goddesses, priests and musicians, mythical animals, men and women. There are many thousands of figures, none are alike.
Iranian Persepolis
Persepolis is an ancient Persian city that arose in the 6th-5th centuries. BC e.
Now the ruins of Persepolis represent a huge palace complex with an area of \u200b\u200b135,000 m² on a high platform.
There was a water supply and sewerage system in Persepolis; slave labor was not used during its construction.
There are many buildings inside the city that represent a historical heritage.
Libyan Leptis Magna
Leptis Magna, an abandoned city from antiquity on the territory of modern Libya, is considered perhaps the best-preserved Roman city that has survived to this day. Streets and porticos, shopping forums and triumphal arches, temples and baths, almost the entire city in terms of plan have been preserved here - it's amazing that all this has survived to this day. Excavation and research continues here, and every year new wonders are revealed to the eyes of archaeologists.
Greek Parthenon
The Parthenon is the most famous monument of ancient architecture.
It is currently in a dilapidated state, restoration work is underway.
For many centuries, conquering warriors fought on the site of the Parthenon, the Parthenon suffered destruction, it was plundered many times. A lot of statues were taken out of the city, not to mention precious things.
- We conducted research and found out that we know little about the legacy that we inherited
- However, most of the relics that have survived to this day are protected objects that are historical monuments.
- They are museums, nature reserves and are visited by tourists.
A person should protect his land, his world and himself for future descendants
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Pyramid of Cheops Built in 2550 BC. e. Location: Giza (Egypt). Creators: Egyptians. The only one of the "miracles" that has survived to this day. Purpose of the structure: the tomb of Pharaoh Cheops.
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Hanging Gardens of Babylon Built in 600 BC. e. Place: Babylon (Iraq) Creators: Babylonians Destroyed: After the 1st century BC e. Reason for destruction: earthquake Purpose of structures: They were created for the wife of King Nebuchadnezzar II ..
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Statue of Zeus at Olympia Built: 435 BC BC, sculptor Phidias Place: Olympia (Greece) Creators: Greeks Destroyed: V-VI centuries. Reason for destruction: burned down in Constantinople during a fire at the Hippodrome in the 5th century. Purpose of the structure: temple statue in the Temple of Zeus at Olympia
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Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Built: 550 BC e. Location: Ephesus (Turkey) Creators: Lydians, Greeks, Persians Destroyed: 370 BC e. 356 BC e. (Herostratus) or AD 262 e. (Goths) Reason for destruction: fire Purpose of structure: was built in honor of the goddess Artemis
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Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Built: 351 BC e. Place: Halicarnassus (in the south-west of Turkey) Creators: Carians, Persians, Greeks Destroyed: 1494 Cause of destruction: earthquake; preserved: foundations, architectural fragments; in the British Museum in London - statues of Mavsol and his wife Artemisia, reliefs, statues of lions Purpose of the structure: it was erected as a tombstone of the Carian ruler Mausol by his wife - Queen Artemisia
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Colossus of Rhodes Built: between 292 and 280 BC e. Location: Rhodes (Greece) Created by: Greeks Destroyed: 224 (or 226) BC e. the bronze case was dismantled in 654 AD. e. Reason for destruction: earthquake Purpose of the structure: it was erected by the sculptor Hares to perpetuate the memory of the victory of Rhodes over Demetrius Poliorketus (304 BC)
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Lighthouse of Alexandria Built: 3rd century BC e. Place: Alexandria (Egypt) Founders: Ptolemaic Dynasty Destroyed: 303. BC AD - 1480 AD (stood for 1500 years) Cause of destruction: earthquake Purpose of the structure: the light of this lighthouse was very useful for navigation.
The work was performed by Julia Novozhilova
the ancient world
Content
- HISTORY OF ORIGIN.
- THE PYRAMID OF CHEOPS.
- "HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON.
- STATUE OF OLYMPIC ZEUS.
- TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AT EPHESUS.
- MAUSOLEUM IN HALICARNASSUS.
- THE COLOSSUS OF RHODES.
- LIGHTHOUSE ON O. FAROS IN ALEXANDRIA.
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD
The history of the SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD- LIST OF GLORIFIED ANTIQUE MONUMENTS.
- the list MADE BY ANCIENT historians and travelers.
- INCLUDING THE "FATHER OF HISTORY" HERODOTUS.
- THE LIST HAS BEEN EDITED SEVERAL TIMES.
- ITS CLASSICAL OPTION WAS FORMED 2.2 THOUSAND. YEARS AGO THANKS TO THE EFFORT OF PHILON BYZANTINE. .
PYRAMID CHEOPSA
- The structure is 4500 years old.
- 120 thousand Egyptians for 20 years in the sweat of their brow erected a grandiose Pharaoh's tomb. The pyramid of Cheops is composed of 2.5 million blocks weighing 2,
tons each. - Without the use of cement or other bonding agents, the blocks are so tightly fitted to each other that the gap between them does not exceed 0.5 mm. Initially, the pyramid was 147 meters high, today it is 138 meters.
- Almost 4000 years, until the XIV century AD, the Cheops Pyramid bore the title of the tallest structure in the world.
- Around 600 BC in the territory of modern Iraq ancient Babylon was making noise.
- For his wife Amitis (Semiramis), King Nebuchadnezzar II ordered the famous "Hanging Gardens" to be laid out. The gardens were located on a four-tiered area resembling a hill.
- The foundations of the terraces were made of stone blocks covered with a layer of reeds and filled with asphalt. Then there was a double layer of brick, even higher - lead plates, preventing the seepage of irrigation water.
- A fertile layer of soil was laid on top of this structure, on which trees, palms, flowers were grown.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Hanging Gardens of Babylon Statue of Zeus at Olympia
- In 435 BC. e. in Olympia - one of the sanctuaries Ancient Greece - a magnificent temple was built in honor of the sovereign of the gods - Zeus.
- Inside the temple was a huge 20-meter statue of the Olympian god, seated on a throne.
- The sculpture was made of wood, on top of which were glued ivory plates, imitating the upper naked part of Zeus's body.
- The god's clothes and shoes are plated with gold.
- In his left hand Zeus held a scepter with an eagle, and in his right - a statue of the goddess of victory.
- The Temple of Artemis was built in 560 BC. King of Lydia Croesus in the city of Ephesus on the coast of Asia Minor.
- The huge white marble temple was framed by 127 columns 18 meters high.
- Inside was a statue of Artemis, the goddess of fertility, made of gold and ivory.
- In 356 BC. one vain inhabitant of Ephesus - Herostratus set fire to the temple, thus deciding to become famous and immortalize his name.
- The Sanctuary of Artemis was rebuilt, but in 263 it was destroyed and plundered by the Goths.
- The ruler of Caria Mavsol during his lifetime in 353 BC. began construction of his own tomb in Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum, Turkey).
- A grandiose burial structure 46 meters high, surrounded by 36 columns and topped with a chariot statue.
- It made such a strong impression on contemporaries that since then all the monumental tombs began to be called mausoleums after the name of King Mavsol.
- A giant statue of the ancient Greek sun god Helios was erected at the entrance to the port of Rhodes in 292-280. BC e.
- A slender youth-god, sculpted in full growth, held a torch in his hand.
- Ships floated between the legs of the statue.
- For only 65 years, the Colossus of Rhodes stood in its place: in 222 BC. it was destroyed by an earthquake.
- In 270 BC. on the island of Pharos, at the entrance to the port of Alexandria, a huge tower 120 meters high was erected.
- At the top of the lighthouse, a fire was constantly burning, the light of which was amplified by metal concave mirrors, and was visible at a distance of 60 kilometers.
- The wood for the fire was brought up the spiral staircase on carts pulled by mules.
- The lighthouse was destroyed by an earthquake in the 14th century.
