Presentation of why nature reserves are needed. Presentation - Research work "Reserves and National Parks of Russia

Why are nature reserves and national parks needed? 1. Reserves and national parks preserve wildlife, save a variety of species from extinction, preserve the natural heritage of the country and the whole world. 2. In reserves and national parks, areas of great importance for the preservation of cultural heritage are protected. 3. The protection regime of reserves and national parks ensures clean water, fresh air and preserves other vital resources. 4. The nature of reserves and national parks is a repository of natural genetic material (species biological diversity). 5. Maintaining a healthy environment for human life. 6. Reserves and national parks make a significant contribution to the development of science, environmental education of the population, and the development of civil society. 7. Biosphere models created on the basis of reserves and national parks demonstrate the possibility of human development in harmony with nature. 8. Attraction of funds for the economy of areas adjacent to nature reserves and national parks, first of all, the development of ecological tourism, ecological paths and routes, as well as the initiation of programs that combine the interests of society and nature. 9. The territory of nature reserves and national parks - places where people can join the values \u200b\u200bof pristine nature, the spiritual values \u200b\u200bof their nation and all mankind. 10. Networks of nature reserves and national parks and the education system - an effective partnership for the formation of the ecological culture of the society.

How many national parks and reserves are there? Currently, there are more than a thousand national parks and tens of thousands of protected areas in the world. According to rough estimates, there are about 70,000 of them, and they occupy about 10% of all land. There are 101 nature reserves and 43 national parks in Russia, which together occupy an area of \u200b\u200bsquare kilometers (about 2% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe Russian Federation).

The first national parks The first state reserves, which protected natural societies, appeared in the 16th century. However, the first national park was discovered only at the end of the 19th century, in the USA. This really high honor was awarded to the unique Yellowstone Plateau, rich in geysers and hot mineral springs, where Yellowstone National Park was discovered in 1872. Translated from English means yellow stone. In the beginning, national parks were created as a place to enjoy. In them, a person could strengthen his body, refresh his mind and heal his soul. In 1916, the National Park Service was established in the United States. National parks of the United States such as the Grand Canyon, Jasper, Olympic and others are now well known outside of North America.

The first national park in the USSR, Lahemaa, was founded in 1971 in the Estonian SSR. In the future, the list of protected areas has expanded. In the following years, the following received the status of national parks: Sochi National Park, Elk Island (1983); Samarskaya Luka (1984); "Mari Chodra" (1985); Pribaikalskiy National Park, Zabaikalskiy National Park, Prielbrusye, Bashkiria (1986). The last ones were included in the list: in January 2008 “Buzuluk Bor”, in June 2009 “Russian Arctic”, in January 2013 “Beringia”, in March 2013 “Onega Pomorie”. According to the laws of the Russian Federation, national parks are one of the types of specially protected natural areas (SPNA).

The first reserve on the territory of Russia, the Barguzinsky Reserve, was founded on January 11, 1917 in the territory of Buryatia. In the future, the list of protected areas has expanded. The oldest reserves, in addition to Barguzinsky, are Astrakhansky (1919), Ilmensky (1920) and Kavkazsky (1924). The latter were included in the list of reserves "Erzi" (2000), "Kologrivsky forest" (2006) and Utrish (2010). In accordance with the action plan for the implementation of the Concept for the Development of the System of Specially Protected Natural Areas of Federal Significance for the Period until 2020, it is planned to create 11 new reserves, 2 of them (Ingermanland and Shaitan-Tau) in 2012. The total area of \u200b\u200bnature reserves in Russia is more than 340 thousand km², which is comparable to the territory of Finland. The largest of the Russian reserves are the Bolshoi Arctic (over 41 thousand km2), Komandorsky (over 36 thousand km2) and Wrangel Island (over 22 thousand km2). The smallest reserves in Russia are Belogorye (over 21 km²) and Prioksko-Terrasny and Galichya Gora (both less than 50 km²). Most of the reserves are located on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk (7), Primorsk (6) and Khabarovsk (6) regions.

The Sochi National Park was created in 1983 and became one of the first national parks in Russia. On the vast territory in the mountains, the size of which reaches 190 thousand hectares, any production activity was stopped. This land was transferred to the citizens of Russia for health and tourism purposes. The Sochi National Park is located in the south of the Krasnodar Territory, north of Sochi, in the foothills of the Greater Caucasus. Most of the park's territory is occupied by mountains dissected by river valleys. The foothill zone occupies a narrow strip along the Black Sea.

About 40 rivers and streams of the Black Sea basin flow through the territory of the Sochi National Park. Their length is small, only such rivers as Mzymta, Psou and Shahe are more than 50 kilometers long. There are many waterfalls and canyons on rivers and streams. The waterfalls are mainly located in the upper reaches of the rivers, 103 waterfalls with a threshold height of 2 to 73 meters are available for visiting.

The territory of the park itself is unique, since nowhere in Russia do subtropics and highlands coexist so closely. That is why the mountainous Black Sea region is characterized by the most difficult range of altitude zones in our country - from mountain broad-leaved forests at the foothills through mountainous beech and coniferous forests to subalpine landscapes and high mountains with bare rocks and snow. The territory of the Sochi National Park belongs to the Colchis forest-growing province with a very rich and varied flora.

In the Sochi National Park, there are about 1,500 species of aboriginal higher plants, of which 164 species are classified as trees, shrubs, half-shrubs and lianas, and all the rest are classified as herbaceous plants. There is a great number of relict species and endemics. The Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature includes the berry yew, which is often found in the Sochi National Park. And 51 species of plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia, including berry yew, Pitsunda pine, 2 types of snowdrops, 3 types of toeheads, 3 types of ophrises, 9 species of teas, Colchis boxwood, Caucasian lily, Caucasian lion and others.

Animal world Sochi National Park has about 80 species of mammals, about 120 species of birds, 17 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians, 21 species of fish. 15 species of animals are included in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, including leopard, corncrake, quail, Caucasian viper, Colchis snake, Colchis toad and others. Among those species of animals that are listed in the Red Book of Russia, 10 species of mammals, 9 species of birds, 4 species of reptiles, 5 species of amphibians, 3 species of annelid worms, and of fish - brown trout and Ukrainian lamprey are found in the park.

On the territory of the Sochi National Park there are 114 monuments of history and culture - these are the sites of ancient people, settlements, dolmen structures, well-shaped tombs, the remains of fortresses, temples, burial mounds, a sacrificial stone, obelisks and military monuments.

The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a national park appeared in 1909. In 1934 Losiny Ostrov was included in the 50-kilometer "green belt" around Moscow. Most of the forest was cut down during the Great Patriotic War. In 1979, by a joint decision of the Moscow City and Regional Councils of People's Deputies, Losiny Ostrov was transformed into natural Park, and on August 24, 1983 by the decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, a national park was formed.

Elbrus region today is one of the most significant mountain natural monuments of the Caucasus. This is an area of \u200b\u200bunique landscape, where the mountains have become the cradle and haven of many species of plants and animals, and preserving it is an integral task of the state. For this purpose, on September 22, 1986, the Elbrus National Park was established here.

The park is located in the mid-mountain and high-mountain zones of the Side and Main ridges of the Central Caucasus, on the territories of two administrative districts of the KBR - Elbrus and Zolsky. Its total area is over one hundred thousand hectares. 62 percent of it falls on hard-to-reach relief: rocks, glaciers, snow fields.

As for the flora and fauna, it also has its own characteristics. Mount Elbrus, the tops of which are covered with solid firn (dense granular snow) and ice caps, serves as a mighty refrigerator that drains the surroundings. Therefore, in the Elbrus region, spruce and fir, which love moisture, do not grow, but pine, birch, aspen and some other deciduous plant species prevail. The main type of vegetation cover is meadows. And the mountain slopes are covered with a dark green carpet of rhododendrons, whose pink and white flowers bloom every summer.

Barguzin reserve is a reserve in Buryatia, located on the western slopes of the Barguzinsky ridge at altitudes up to 2840 m above sea level. m., includes the northeastern coast of Lake Baikal and part of the water area of \u200b\u200bthe lake itself. The reserve and the ridge are named after the Barguzin River.

The reserve was created in 1916 to preserve and increase the number of the Barguzin sable (Martes zibellina). At the time of its foundation, there were only about sable individuals throughout the territory of the current reserve, at present there are 1-2 individuals per 1 km² of cedar forest. The historical center is the village of Davsha, since 1999 the administration is located in the village of Nizhneangarsk.

All natural complexes are preserved in the reserve. The Barguzinsky Nature Reserve is home to elk, musk deer, white hare, brown bear, shrew, black-capped marmot, 41 species of mammals in total. Baikal omul, whitefish, sturgeon, grayling, taimen, lenok and other fish species are found in the waters of the reserve. Since 1986, it has been included in the list of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves.

Astrakhan Biosphere Reserve consists of three sections - Damchiksky, Trehizbinsky and Obzhorovsky. Their territory is located within the boundaries of the Kamyzyaksky, Ikryaninsky and Volodarsky districts of the Astrakhan region. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is ha. Sea area ha. Protected zone - ha.

The reserve was founded in 1919. In 1975, it became part of the Volga Delta wetland, which is of international importance as a habitat for waterfowl under the 1971 Ramsar Convention. In 1984 he was included in the world network of biosphere reserves of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program.

The Caucasian State Natural Biosphere Reserve is located on the northern and southern slopes of the Western Caucasus in coordinates ° north latitude and ° east longitude. Actually, this territory was declared a reserve on May 12, 1924, but the history of preserving the unique natural complex began much earlier, from the moment the Grand Duke "Kuban Hunt" was organized in 1888.

Being the largest protected area of \u200b\u200bthe Caucasian Isthmus and the second largest in Europe, the reserve occupies the lands of the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Adygea and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic of the Russian Federation, adjacent to the state border with Abkhazia. Separated from the main territory, in the Khostinsky district of Sochi, there is the subtropical Khostinsky department of the reserve - the world famous yew-boxwood grove, with an area of \u200b\u200b302 hectares. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is ha. It is surrounded by a protected area, numerous reserves and natural monuments, and the Sochi National Park adjoins its southern border.

The Caucasian Reserve is the richest treasury of biodiversity that has no analogues in Russia. It has an international benchmark value as a site of untouched nature that has preserved pristine landscapes with unique flora and fauna. It is no coincidence that in 1979 the reserve was awarded a Certificate of Inclusion in the List of World Natural Heritage. The reserve received the status of a biosphere and entered the International Network of Biosphere Reserves, and in December 1999 was included in the list of UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites.

SIKHOTE-ALINSKY Nature Reserve (Russia) The original purpose of the creation of the reserve was the preservation and restoration of the sable, which was almost exterminated at that time. The well-known researcher of the region V.K. Now on the territory of the reserve there are more than 1100 species of plants, including 38 rare and endangered species (pointed yew, high lure, Rhododendron Fori, real slipper). 63 species of terrestrial mammals live here, including the Red Data Book species: Amur tiger (21-29 individuals), goral (about 150 individuals), sika deer (individuals), Himalayan bear. 342 species of birds, 8 species of reptiles, 5 species of amphibians, 32 species of freshwater fish are registered. The preservation of fauna and flora in two parts of the sea area is of great importance.

SIKHOTE-ALIN State Natural Biosphere Reserve (area of \u200b\u200bthe territory ha, area of \u200b\u200bsea water area 2.9 thousand ha) is located in the northern part of Primorsky Krai (Terneisky and Krasnoarmeisky districts) and includes the eastern slope of the Sikhote-Alin ridge from its watershed (the highest height within the reserve is 1598 m above sea level) to the coast (including the coastal strip of the sea 1 km wide), as well as part of the western slope of the ridge. The reserve includes parts of three landscape districts: Terneisky (cedar-deciduous forests), Samargino-Dalnegorsky (in the subzone of deciduous-coniferous forests) and the Middle Sikhote-Alinsky (fir-fir-tree forests) in the taiga subzone.

"Barguzinsky Reserve" - \u200b\u200bTotal area -263,000 hectares. Birds of prey are not uncommon in the taiga. Cedar cones. There are many bears in the reserve. The average annual temperature is minus 4.4. Pine nuts are the main food for taiga animals and birds. The Barguzinsky Nature Reserve was organized in 1916. Barguzinsky sable. Quiet, sunny and frosty weather sets in in January.

"Almaty Reserve" - \u200b\u200bFlora of Altyn-Emel Park. The tongue of the glacier is cracking into numerous blocks and is rapidly moving down. Kulans lived in Zaisan. The parent rocks are represented by loess loams, pebble and gypsum-bearing Tertiary deposits. Reptiles are represented by 25 species. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe park is 459620 ha.

"Alakol Reserve" - \u200b\u200bIn total, there are 33 species of mammals in the reserve. Vegetation. The people call the islands Stone. Low-carbonate serozem soils are developed in the high parts of the Alakol depression. The "Delta" site belongs to the southern coast of the lake. ... The foot of the hills is gravelly-pebble with loams and small saline soils.

"Caucasian Reserve" - \u200b\u200bThe nature of the Caucasian Reserve. Climatic conditions. The Caucasian Reserve is located in the Western Caucasus, within the Mostovsky, Maikop districts. The reserve has the largest scientific department in Russia (more than 30 employees at the end of 2001). By far the most vulnerable link in natural ecosystems are large mammals.

Altai Nature Reserve - Iogach. Photo: A. Lotov. Yaylu. Presentation of the project to the Public Council, September 13, 2007. Altai Biosphere Reserve (core) occupies about 10% of the territory of the Altai Republic. UNESCO World Heritage Site "Altai - Golden Mountains" (1998). Pos. Involvement of the local population.

"Reserves of Russia" - Taiga, pine forests, oak and steppe elements are noted in the flora of the reserve. Reserves. There are 3 types of reptiles and 5 species of amphibians .. Located on the Central Russian Upland in the Lipetsk region. The publication of the study of the tract caused a sensation in the scientific world. Golden eagle on Olkhon Island. A protective zone with a total area of \u200b\u200b6,213 hectares has been created around the reserve.

Reserves of Russia

Information about several reserves in Russia.

• Tell your classmates about Russian reserves and show photographs.

• Nowadays, few people understand the importance of reserves and no one has ever thought about the fact that some species of animals can become extinct forever.

• The Barguzin reserve is a nature reserve in Buryatia, located on the western slopes, at an altitude of 2840 m of the Barguzin ridge, includes the northeastern coast of Lake Baikal and part of the water area of \u200b\u200bthe lake itself. The reserve (and the ridge) are named after the Barguzin River. The Barguzinsky Reserve is the oldest reserve in Russia.

• The area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 374,322 hectares, including 15,000 hectares of the protected water area.

• The Barguzinsky Nature Reserve is home to elk, musk deer, white hare, brown bear, shrew, black-capped marmot, hazel grouse - 41 species of mammals in total. In the waters of the reserve there are omul, whitefish, sturgeon, grayling, taimen, lenok and other fish species.

• It was founded in 1992 on the basis of the state complex “Dzherginsky” reserve, which existed since 1974. The Dzherginsky State Nature Reserve is located in the Kurumkansky District of the Republic of Buryatia. The reserve is located in the Northeastern Baikal region at the junction of three large mountain ranges - the Barguzinsky, Ikatsky and South Muisky ranges.

• Dzherginsky Reserve "is a state natural reserve.

• The area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 238.088 thousand hectares, of which the area occupied by water is 0.894 thousand hectares. A 2 km wide protection zone with a total area of \u200b\u200babout 7.5 million hectares has been created around the reserve.

• Currently, 201 species of vertebrates are recorded on the territory of the reserve: 6 species of fish, 3 of amphibians, 4 of reptiles, 145 of birds, and 43 of mammals. The reserve is inhabited by elk, musk deer, red deer, wild boar, Siberian roe deer, rarely - reindeer ...

• The forest belt is dominated by larch forests. At the moment, more than 650 species of vascular plants have been identified in the reserve. On the territory of the reserve, 29 species of rare and endemic plants have been identified.

• The Baikal State Natural Biosphere Reserve was established by the decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated September 26, 1969 No. 571 on the basis of the decree of the Council of Ministers of the Buryat ASSR dated December 31, 1968, No. 461.

• Area - 165,724 hectares, taking into account the changes introduced by the order of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated June 20, 1973 No. 366-r.

• There are 49 species of mammals, 251 species are birds, amphibians and reptiles - 6, fish - 12.

• 787 plant species grow in the reserve, about 70% of the territory of the reserve is occupied by forests. The general list of rare, endemic and relict plants of the reserve is about 40 species.

• 1) From the lessons of geography and biology.
• 2) From the Internet.
• 3) From the book "Reserves of Russia"

Slides and text of this presentation

Slide 1

Nature reserves and national parks are the pride of Russia.
MCOU "Secondary School No. 10" Kh. Perevalny Mineralovodsky District. Grade 4 students. Primary school teacher Asevova Nadiya Nasuevna.

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Research objectives: To draw attention to the problem of the environment. To study the significance and functions of protected areas. Get acquainted with the protected territories of Russia and the reserves of the Stavropol Territory. Identify environmental issues. To consolidate in practice the skills of working with computer technologies and educational electronic resources.
Research objectives: To characterize natural conditions and natural resources protected areas of Russia. Collect and process informational and visual material on the topic. Create a travel project to the protected areas of Russia and the reserves of the Stavropol Territory in the form of electronic presentations. The object of research is nature reserves and national parks of Russia, nature reserves of the Stavropol Territory. The research-presentation hypothesis in the study of protected areas will expand the horizons on this topic and intensify interest in the protected areas of Russia and the native land.

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Reserve (the meaning of the word goes back to the word reserved, that is, "forbidden, inviolable"). The very concept of the word "reserve" is exclusively Russian. A nature reserve is a part of the territory (water area) where its entire natural complex is preserved in its natural state, and hunting is prohibited. In addition, any human economic activity is prohibited on the territory of the reserve, and the lands are forever withdrawn from any form of use.
The first reserve in Russia (1874) is Askania-Nova, located in the Kherson region. The oldest in Russia is the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve, which is still very important today. He saved the amazing taiga of the Eastern Baikal region and the pearl of this taiga - the Barguzin sable

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A national park is a territory where human activities are limited in order to protect the environment. Unlike nature reserves, where human activity is almost completely prohibited, tourists are allowed on the territory of national parks, and economic activities are allowed on a limited scale.
Zakaznik is a protected natural area in which not a natural complex is under protection, but some of its parts: only plants, only animals, or their individual species or individual historical-memorial or geological objects.

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In 2017, there are about 110 nature reserves, 50 national parks, 61 nature reserves in Russia.

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Losiny Ostrov is one of the first national parks in Russia (created in 1983, simultaneously with Sochi), located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region. The fauna numbers over 230 species of vertebrates, including over 160 species of birds, 38 species of mammals; 15 species are fish, 10 - amphibians and 5 - reptiles.
Sochi National Park is one of the very first parks that were created on the territory of the country. The park is located in the northwest of the Greater Caucasus. It was created in 1983 with the aim of restoring and preserving natural complexes and objects of high scientific, recreational and ecological value. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe park is about 194 thousand hectares.

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There is just a temple, There is a temple of science, And there is also a temple of nature, With forests stretching out their hands Towards the sun and winds. He is holy at any time of the day, Open to us in the heat and cold. Entering here, Be a bit of a heart, Do not desecrate his shrines. S.V. Smirnov

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Sources Ozhegov S.O. Dictionary of the Russian language. "Soviet Encyclopedia" Moscow 1973. Balandin R.K., Markin V.A., "100 great geographical discoveries" Moscow "Veche" 2008. Karpov G.V., "Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Young Geographer and Local Loreman" Moscow "Pedagogy" 1981. War V. Zariy Kh., "In the mountains of Karachay-Cherkessia" Moscow "Planet" 1979 Free encyclopedia. [Electronic resource] Wikipedia https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki. Megabook (megabook). [Electronic resource] Reserves of Russia http://megabook.ru/article/ Reserves of% 20Russia. Nature reserves and national parks. [Electronic resource] National Parks of Russia http://www.zapovedniki-mira.com/nation_parks_russia.