Project on the Egyptian pyramids. Egyptian pyramids

• Performed
• Konovalova Oksana Nikolaevna,
• primary school teacher
• first qualification category

• Taj Mahal

• The Taj Mahal Mausoleum, located in Agra, is one of the most recognizable landmarks not only in India but throughout the world. The structure was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth. Taj Mahal is considered one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and also a symbol of eternal love.
• In 1983, the Taj Mahal was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

• Taj Mahal

• Inside the mausoleum there are two tombs - the shah and his beloved wife. Muslim tradition prohibits grave decoration. Consequently, the bodies of Mumtaz and Shah Jahan were placed in a simple crypt.

• Exterior and interior of the Taj Mahal

• Taj Mahal gardens

• The garden is 300 meters long.

• The pedestal and tomb of the Taj Mahal was completed in 12 years, while the rest of the complex took another 10 years to complete. For the construction of the complex, materials from all over Asia were used. More than a thousand elephants were used for transportation. In total, twenty-eight types of precious and semi-precious stones were inlaid in white marble. Soon after the completion of the Taj Mahal, Shah Jahan was overthrown by his own son Aurangzeb and arrested at Fort Delhi. After the death, he was buried in the mausoleum next to his beloved wife. By the end of the 19th century, parts of the structure fell into disrepair. The Taj Mahal was plundered by British soldiers and officials who chiseled precious materials from the walls of the building. In 1942, the government established scaffolding in an attempt to disguise the Taj Mahal before an attack by Luftwaffe and Japanese air forces. The same action was taken during the 1965 and 1971 India-Pakistan wars. This had an effect, and the structure remained unharmed.

• History of the construction of the Taj Mahal

• Taj Mahal is the main attraction of India. Currently, the complex is threatened by environmental pollution. Due to the pollution of the Jamna River, there was a threat of its shallowing and soil erosion. Cracks began to appear in the walls of the burial vault, and the mausoleum began to settle. Due to air pollution, the building began to lose its whiteness, a yellow coating has appeared, which has to be cleaned annually. The Indian government is taking urgent action by shutting down hazardous industries in Agra and expanding the protected area, but this is not yet working. Taj Mahal is included in the list of the Seven New Wonders of the World, as a result of a worldwide vote held in 2007.

• Taj Mahal

• Egyptian pyramids

• The Egyptian pyramids are the greatest architectural monuments of Ancient Egypt, among which one of the "seven wonders of the world" is the pyramid of Cheops and the honorary candidate of the "new seven wonders of the world" - the Pyramids of Giza. The pyramids are huge pyramidal stone structures that were used as tombs for the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt.

• Egyptian pyramids

• The Great Pyramid of Cheops, which is known anywhere in the world. It is she who is the face of the Egyptian pyramids and the largest structure of antiquity, giving rise to many secrets and legends around her. The construction of the pyramid took two whole decades and was completed in 2560 BC. Inside the pyramid of Cheops there are three chambers - tombs. The lowest one is carved at the base of the rock on which the pyramid was built. For unknown reasons, its construction was not completed. Above it are the Queen's Chamber and the Pharaoh's Chamber.

• Egyptian pyramids

• The second most important is the pyramid of Khephren, the son of Cheops. It was built on a 10-meter plateau, so it seems to be higher than the Cheops pyramid, but it is not. Its height is 136.4 meters, while Cheops is 146.5 meters. Not far from the pyramid of Khafre is the Great Sphinx - a monument carved into the rock. The facial features of the Sphinx repeat the face of Pharaoh Khafre.

• Egyptian pyramids

• The third great pyramid is the Pyramid of Mikerin. It is the smallest of them all, and the latest built. It is only 66 meters high and its base is 108.4 meters long. Despite its small size, it is believed to be the most beautiful of the three pyramids. In addition, the pyramid of Mikerin marked the end of the era of the great pyramids. All subsequent structures were small in size.

• Egyptian pyramids

• The Egyptian pyramids do not end there, we move from Giza to other parts of Egypt. One of the largest in Egypt is the step pyramid of Djoser.
• It is located in the village of Sakkara, and was built for the pharaoh Djoser by Imhotep himself. It occupies an area of \u200b\u200b125 by 115 meters, and its height is 62 meters. This is the first pyramid in Egypt, and it is also very well preserved.

• Egyptian pyramids

• The most unusual in shape can be safely called the pyramid in Medum. It is located 100 kilometers south of the capital of Egypt, was built for Pharaoh Huni, but was completed by his son Sneferu. It originally had 8 steps, but in our time only the last 3 are visible. After its construction, its height was 118 meters, and the area was 146 by 146 meters.

• Egyptian pyramids

• The pink pyramid is unusual in that it has a pink tint due to the special stone used for the construction. It is the third highest pyramid after Cheops and Khafre, 104.4 meters high. Researchers believe that this pyramid was built by Pharaoh Sneferu, already known to us.

• Egyptian pyramids

• Not far from Rose is the Broken Pyramid, built in the XXVI century. BC e. It got its name because of its irregular shape. It was built in 3 stages, at each of which different angles of inclination were given to it.

• The Statue of Liberty

• The Statue of Liberty was built on October 28, 1886. The French donated the statue to the American people as a sign of friendship between France and America. Over the years, the monument has been recognized not only as the embodiment of friendship between the two peoples, but also as a symbol of the freedom of the American people, a symbol of the United States and New York in general.

• The Statue of Liberty

• The history of the Statue of Liberty, as well as the place where it was built, is closely related to the history of the formation of the United States. The monument was placed on a pedestal inside Fort Wood, which was built specifically for the war of 1812 in the shape of a star. For the first few decades, the complex was serviced by the US lighthouse service, and only in 1924 it became a National Monument. And in 1937, the area of \u200b\u200bthe monument was expanded to the borders of the entire Bedlow Island, in 1956 it was renamed Liberty Island.

• The Statue of Liberty

• The Statue of Liberty is located on Liberty Island, in the state of New York. The goddess of freedom holds a torch in her right hand and a tablet in her left. With one foot "Svoboda" stands on broken fetters.
• 354 steps lead to the top of the statue, and 192 steps to the top of the pedestal. There are 25 windows in the crown, which symbolize the precious stones of the Earth and the rays of the sun that illuminate the world. The seven rays on the crown of the statue symbolize the 7 seas and 7 continents. The tablet, which the statue holds in its left hand, reads: "July 4th, 1776." This date is the day of the adoption of the Declaration independence of the USA 31 tons of copper were used to cast the statue, and the total weight of the steel structure was 125 tons.

• Sydney opera

• Sydney Opera House is a musical theater in Sydney, one of the most famous and easily recognizable buildings in the world, which is a symbol of the largest city in Australia and one of the main attractions of the continent - the sail-shaped shells that form the roof make this building unlike any other in the world. The Opera House is recognized as one of the outstanding buildings of modern architecture in the world and has been the hallmark of Sydney since 1973. Since June 28, 2007, the theater is under the protection of UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

• Sydney opera

• The architect of the Sydney Opera House is the Dane Jorn Utzon, who received
• Pritzker Prize in 2003.
• The opera took 14 years to build and cost $ 102 million!

• Jorn Utzon

• Sydney opera

• The Sydney Opera House was opened on October 20, 1973 by Queen Elizabeth II of England. The Sydney Opera House is recognized as one of the most outstanding structures of modern architecture in the world.
• The Sydney Opera House has about 1000 rooms, including 5 theater halls, 2 main halls, 4 restaurants, several bars and gift shops.

• Sydney opera

• The project of the Opera House is based on the desire to bring people from the world of daily routine to the world of fantasy, where musicians and actors live. 1600 performances are held here annually - symphony concerts, ballets, operas, theater, dance and musical performances, comedy and children's shows. As a result, the Sydney Opera House has become one of the most creative and busy performing arts centers in the world. The Australian Ballet, Sydney Dance Company and the Australian Opera Company and others perform here regularly.

Design work Egyptian pyramids. Nomination: "I want to know everything" Completed by: student of the 2nd "G" class MAOU secondary school №14 Dzhurova Polina Supervisor: Meshcheryakova L.V. 2016

Passport of the project work The name of the project - "I want to know everything about the Egyptian pyramids" Project leader: Meshcheryakova Lyudmila Vitalievna, primary school teacher of the MAOU secondary school of school No. 14, Balashikha, md. Railway. Thing the world... Nomination: “I want to know everything”. Age of students for whom the project is designed: 8 years. Project author: Dzhurova Polina. Organization address: Balashikha, md. Zheleznodorozhny, Rozhdestvenskaya str., 8 apt. 76. Project type: personal. Project goal: Gaining knowledge about the Egyptian pyramids. Tasks: a) Collect material about the pyramids of Egypt 3

b) Reveal the features of the pyramids. c) Make models. d) Checkout the layout. e) Tell the children about the beauty of the pyramids. Research methods. Conclusion. 4

Why I chose this topic: In the lesson, at the art school, our class studied ancient world Egyptian kingdom. I first encountered the mysterious state of the pharaohs and pyramids. The closest attention, of course, was won by the famous egyptian pyramids... Their beauty and greatness! I decided that about them “I want to know everything! " five

Mysteries of the Egyptian Pyramids Pyramids are rightfully considered the hallmark of Egypt. The pyramids and the Sphinx belong to the most characteristic monumental monuments of Ancient Egypt. The pyramids were a classic type of royal tomb in the era of the Old Kingdom, and were also erected for the pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom. Archaeologists counted 80 pyramids. Not all of them have survived to this day. They are located along the banks of the Nile near the ancient capital, 6

the era of the ancient kingdom called Memphis. Where the Nile Valley gives way to the Libyan Desert, where green fields and groves of date palms are replaced by hot sands, the outlines of amazing triangles similar to mountains are visible. Their chain stretches for tens of kilometers from Cairo to the Fayum oasis. “Everything in the world is afraid of time, and time is afraid of pyramids,” says the Arab wisdom of the Arab people. All the early pyramids were built of stone, with a square base of 233m. but most of the kings used special bricks for their tombs, a brick that did not deteriorate from time to time. Outside, limestone slabs. The oldest is the pyramid of Pharaoh Djoser about 5 thousand years ago. Height 60 meters. The pyramids served the pharaohs, according to religion, as a ladder along which they ascended to heaven. Therefore, the ancient pyramids were stepped, or had the shape of stairs. 7

The most famous are the three large pyramids near Giza: the pyramids of Pharaoh Hiops, his son Khafre and his grandson Mekerin. The largest was built first - Cheops. Its original height is 147 meters. Each side The total weight of the pyramid is 5.7 million tons. Its stones are held by their own weight. nine

The Sphinx was created at the same time as the Pyramid of Hiops. Soothsayer Edgar Cayce wrote: The most important information must be found at the base of the left front paw of the sphinx. The information is in the foundation stone of this paw. However, the tunnels under the sphinx are still unknown to us. Nowadays, much is being said about the secrets of the pyramids. ten

The slide inside the pyramid is a complex structure. The walkways, mines, ventilation structures, where the pyramid walker robot passed, are presented. eleven

On our model, you see two pyramids, as well as a camel walking through the sands of Egypt to the city of Giza. I made all the pyramids out of paper, made sweeps and then glued them together and painted them, clearly in the form of bricks. And then I painted a camel so that you can better represent the originality of Egypt and its nature. 12 Layout:

Conclusion Only the first pyramid belongs to the legendary seven wonders of the world. However, they are all mysterious and majestic. For anyone, the giant pyramids evoke sacred awe. They seem to be something cosmic, it is hard to believe that a person had anything to do with the construction. During the research, I realized that there are no definite answers to any of the main questions of the pyramids. The key to their secrets has been lost. In conclusion, I would like to visit Egypt and see the pyramids with my own eyes. 13

Literature: Great children's encyclopedia “I want to know everything”. DI. Ermakovich. Moscow 2015 Encyclopedia “Ancient Egypt” Moscow ROSMEN 2015. Children's Encyclopedia “Wonders of the World” ROSMEN. Moscow 2015. Internet. 14

Our project is called "Egyptian Pyramids"

We chose this project, because in history lessons we had already read about the famous Egyptian pyramids and the nature of Egypt, and in the course "Visual" geometry we studied the topic "Geometry around us"

We were attracted by the mystery and significance of these structures, it is not for nothing that they are referred to the Wonders of the World. And we decided to touch the history of Ancient Egypt and create a layout using pyramid models.

Thus, objective of the project: creating a layout of the Egyptian pyramids using geometric models made by hand

Tasks: a) collect material about the pyramids of Egypt

b) learn everything about pyramids and make pyramid models

c) arrange a layout

We worked according to plan:

Ø Defined the purpose and objectives of the work.

Ø Assigned responsibilities.

Ø Collected information on this topic in encyclopedias and the Internet

Ø We calculated and made sweeps and glued the models.

Ø Designed the layout.

Ø Collected everything that we found in the project folder

Ø Prepared for defense.

While working on the project, we learned a lot of interesting things about the pyramids.

Now we will tell you about the Egyptian pyramids

1 slide The pyramids are rightfully considered the hallmark of Egypt. The pyramids and the Sphinx are among the most characteristic monumental monuments of Ancient Egypt.

The pyramids were a classic type of royal tomb in the era of the Old Kingdom, and were also erected for the pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom.

Archaeologists have counted 80 pyramids. Not all of them have survived to this day.

3 SLIDE All early pyramids were built of stone, but most of the kings used special bricks for their tombs, which do not deteriorate from time to time. The outside was covered with limestone slabs. The pyramids were erected using mounds, although there are various theories about how they were built.

The oldest - pharaoh Djoser's pyramid - erected about five thousand years ago. Its height is 60 meters. The builder of the first pyramid Imhotep was an architect, physician, astronomer, writer, adviser to the pharaoh, for many centuries he was considered the greatest sage of antiquity.

The pyramids served the pharaohs, according to their religion, as a ladder along which they ascended to heaven. Therefore, the most ancient pyramids were stepped, had the shape of stairs, and only the later walls are smooth.

4 SLIDE Most the famous three great pyramids near Giza: the pyramids of the pharaoh Cheops, his son Khafreand his grandson Mekerin... The first was built the largest of them - this the Pyramid of Cheops... Initially, it rose by 147 m, but due to the advancing sands, its height decreased to 137 m. Each side of the square base of the pyramid is 233 m. The area of \u200b\u200bthe pyramid is more than 50,000 m2. The pyramid of Cheops is almost solid masonry. Its internal premises occupy a very small volume - no more than 3 - 4%.

The pyramid consists of two million three hundred thousand cubic blocks of limestone with smoothly polished sides. It was calculated that each block weighs mainly 2.5 tons, and the heaviest weighs 15 tons. The total weight of the pyramid is about 5.7 million tons. Its stones are held by their own weight - there is no binding material. Despite this, the blocks are so carefully fitted to one another that the gap between them is no more than five millimeters

5 SLIDE The pyramids are located as shown on the plan.

At Giza, three Great Pyramids were built, positioned exactly in line with the three stars in Orion's Belt. The Egyptians believed that this constellation is the harbinger of a great event - the summer solstice. In other words, the appearance of Orion in the sky was a sign of the beginning of the rebirth of nature, the rebirth of Egypt.

6 SLIDE

Until the end of the 19th century. The Pyramid of Cheops remained the tallest building in the world.

If the pyramid were hollow, it would include the entire platform with a launch tower for a space rocket or the Roman Cathedral of St. Peter.

Until the 50s of the 20th century, the weight of the pyramid exceeded the tonnage of the entire US Navy, including aircraft carriers, and its stone blocks would be quite enough to build a city with a population of one hundred thousand or to enclose the whole of France with a three-meter-high wall.

Scientists believe that even the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima could not destroy the creation of Cheops.

7 SLIDE The Cheops pyramid is built in the form of a regular pyramid with a square at the base.

1. The sides of the base are 230.35 meters each (b \u003d 230.35 m).

2. The height of the Cheops pyramid: 146.71 meters (h \u003d 146.71 m).

3. Total triangular faces 4

4. A pyramid is made of cubic limestone blocks, the largest of which has a rib length of 1.5 meters.

5. Probably, initially, 210 steps led to the top of the pyramid.

8-11 SLIDE Inside the pyramid representa complex structure. The slides show passages, shafts, ventilation structures, where the pyramid-walk robot passed.

12 SLIDE

The most popular hypothesis claimsthat a huge structure, like a petrified ray of the life-giving Egyptian sun, was created in twenty years.

The ancient Greek scientist Herodotus claims that 100 thousand people worked continuously on the construction of the pyramid for every three months.

14-15 SLIDE Speaking about the pyramids of Egypt, one cannot but touch upon the riddle of the Great Sphinx

And the ruler appointed one guard to each pyramid, ready to pounce on anyone who approached, wrap around his neck, strangle him, could knock down and kill any person, and then return to their refuge ...

The famous soothsayer Edgar Cayce argued that the sphinx was created at about the same time as the pyramid of Cheops. “The Sphinx is facing exactly that point in the sky,” he said, where, around 10450 BC, three stars from Orion's belt shone in a strictly defined place above the horizon.

So what is the sphinx for? The same Edgar Cayce wrote: “The most important information for modern mankind should be found at the base of the left front paw of the sphinx, but not in underground tunnels under him. Information is in the cornerstone of the foundation of this paw. The tunnels under the sphinx, not yet known to you, also carry information load in their configurations. However, the capsule with the message to the descendants is under the left front paw ... "

Nowadays, much is being said about the secrets of the famous pyramids. There are scientific hypotheses that if you build a pyramid in a certain ratio of its elements, it will have unique properties.

Now let's move on to our layout

On our model, you see 3 pyramids and the Sphinx, as well as a camel caravan going through the sands of Egypt to the city of Giza. We made all the pyramids out of paper, having made preliminary sweeps and then gluing them together. The pyramids are regular quadrangular, there is a square at the base, and the side faces are isosceles triangles. We did not succeed in everything right away, we had to redo the sweeps of the pyramids, they did not stick together. But gradually everything began to work out, and we decided to add first the Sphinx, and then the camel caravan, in order to better represent the nature and originality of Egypt.

In custodywe want to present the portfolio of our project, where we have enclosed the project passport, all the collected information, sweeps, sketches and materials for the presentation.

And further.

We decided to donate our project to the mathematics office in order to use it as a visual aid.

She is not wearing a rag, not a chlamyd, but an eternal stone outfit.
She is not tired here, even though many centuries have passed,
She reached with her head to the very gray clouds.
What did she keep for the people?
Forgotten great stones?
The pupils of the yellow Nile gaze lazily at her.
Who sleeps in this ancient grave?
Will the stones tell you
How they were salted with tears and crumbled with blood.
There is a pyramid on the ground, and the Gods talk about it.
She is not wearing rags, not a chlamyd, but an eternal stone outfit

Taj Mahal of the mausoleum Taj Mahal Mumtaz Mahal. India is one of those countries where civilization originated many centuries ago. The city of Agra is a place of pilgrimage for tourists from all over the world. They come here primarily because of the Taj Mahal mausoleum, erected by order of Shah Jahan over the grave of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. Miracle in marble - eternal memory of your beloved

The wife died in childbirth of the fourteenth child, and the inconsolable Shah Jahan decided to leave the eternal memory of his beloved on earth. The mausoleum was built for only 18 years. They say that Shah Jahan wanted to build another mausoleum in front of the Taj Mahal, made of black marble. He intended this necropolis for himself. But the plan was not implemented, and after the death of the emperor he was buried next to his wife. Looking at the Taj Mahal, one involuntarily admires the power of Shah Jahan's love, embodied in a marble miracle.

Mumtaz Mahal On the other side of the Jamna River is the tomb of the emperor's relatives. However, the atmosphere here is not sadness and grief, but harmony and beauty. A magnificent garden with canals, a pool and many fountains, mosques that soared up on both sides of the mausoleum, the majestic tomb of Mumtaz Mahal made of white marble - all this makes up a beautiful architectural ensemble.

Everyone can visit the Taj Mahal, but photograph it only from afar. The police, guarding this architectural monument around the clock, patiently explain to indignant tourists that if you click lenses near the mausoleum, the unique energy of this sacred place is disturbed.

Egyptian pyramids The pyramids of Ancient Egypt are the only wonder of the world that has survived to this day. The pyramids continue to present us with surprises: from time to time they discover new secret passages and underground voids, the entrance to which is still closed to scientists. Many questions remain unanswered so far.

In the "History" of Herodotus (445 BC) we read: "Some were entrusted with the transportation of stone from quarries to the Nile ... others rafting large rafts along the river ... these works employed up to 100 thousand people, every three months and working without interruption ... Ten years were spent on the construction of a road along which the stone blocks were dragged, the work, of course, not as laborious as the construction of a pyramid from these blocks, then decorated with figures of people and animals. this road and rooms carved into the rock, which are the base of the pyramids.

The Sydney Opera House The Sydney Opera House is the only 20th century building to match the great architectural symbols of the 19th century such as Big Ben, the Statue of Liberty and the Eiffel Tower. Along with Hagia Sophia and Taj Mahal, this building belongs to the highest cultural achievements of the last millennium.

Jorn Utzon On 17 May 1955 an international competition was announced. 223 works were submitted to the competition. The winner was a thirty-eight-year-old Dane, Jorn Utzon. Jorn's childhood was spent on the water, among unfinished models and unfinished boat hulls at his father's shipyard.

Some consider the Opera House to be a magnificent example of the "frozen music" of which Goethe spoke. Others see him as a white whale thrown onto land; a galleon sailing to the fairy land of the elves; nine ears listening to angelic singing.

The Statue of Liberty “The symbol of New York and the United States”, “one of the most famous sculptures in the world”, “the symbol of freedom and democracy”, “Lady Liberty”, whatever epithets and names were invented for this statue in New York! Some are amazed at its size, others pay tribute to the idea embedded in the sculpture, while others simply perceive it as one of the modern wonders of the world.

The statue is truly grand: its height from the base to the tip of the torch is almost 47 meters, and together with a powerful granite pedestal, 93 meters. One nail on the hand of a woman who personifies Freedom weighs one and a half kilograms. In the wind, the statue sways slightly: the vibration range reaches 7.6 centimeters, and even up to 12.7 centimeters near the torch! The inauguration of the sculpture took place on October 28, 1886.

Gustave Eiffel The complex inner frame of the statue was to be designed by Gustave Eiffel, the future author of the famous Paris tower. On October 15, 1924, the statue was declared a national monument, and after another 60 years it was added to the List World Heritage UNESCO.

"About the pyramids" - The energy of the pyramids. Mayan pyramids in El Salvador. Various types of pyramids are currently known. A pyramid is a polyhedron whose base is a polygon. According to the number of angles of the base, pyramids are distinguished triangular, quadrangular, etc. A huge spiritual energy flows from the top of the pyramid into the room.

"Pyramid of Cheops" - Here came the turn of the most dangerous and hard work. Building a pyramid. Interesting to know. Egypt Pyramid of Cheops. Not a single pyramid has survived at the top today. A sailboat ferried the workers and the block to the other side of the Nile. Description. Inside the pyramid. The pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops, built over 4000 years ago.

"Pyramid Grade 10" - Hexagonal pyramid. What is called the total surface area of \u200b\u200ba pyramid? C. A polyhedron composed of an n-gon A1A2 ... An and n triangles is called a pyramid. What is the area of \u200b\u200bthe lateral surface of a regular pyramid? The correct pyramid? What is called the lateral surface area of \u200b\u200ba pyramid?

"Pyramid lesson" - Establish connections between the locations of the pyramids. Study of the properties of the pyramids. Assignment to the group "Researchers of the properties of pyramids". Choose the content of the electronic lesson support yourself. The glass pyramid is the new entrance to the Louvre, Paris. Study the pyramid as a geometric solid. The use of ICT allows the teacher.

"Ancient Pyramids" - The architecture of ancient Egypt. Mastaba consists of two parts - ground and underground. Sphinx. Some of the theories consider the pyramid to be an astronomical observatory. Description of the pyramid. The top of the pyramid was crowned with a gilded stone - the pyramidion. Grotto, Great Gallery and Pharaoh's Chambers. Legends about the Sphinx are found in Ancient Egypt (the period of the Old Kingdom).

"Pyramids in Egypt" - Pyramids of Ancient Egypt. How were the pyramids built? Khafre pyramid. Who built the pyramids? Man is afraid of Time, and Time is afraid of the Pyramids (Arabic proverb). Two types of pyramids. The most famous pyramids. Djoser's pyramid. The structure of the pyramids. Step pyramids. Pyramids at Giza. There are about 2 million such blocks in the pyramid.