Marble. Marble Cave

I look at what is happening in our country gardening partnership Marble and I understand that it’s time for me to intervene. Since I’ve already been given the opportunity to say a word, and since I’ve been so heavily involved in the Internet, I’ll say it.

Today I realized how you can promote an article to the top in a search engine. And a little earlier I saw some movements of local politicians on the Internet. I will make sure their articles will hang after mine. I just use all the keys ( land plot, electricity, ST,Marble, surnames) that they used. Let's see what kind of TITLE tag this is. And so on. An Indian against those hungry for money, a self-taught webmaster against purchased articles. My interest is purely sporting with a mixture of fighting for the truth. Perhaps this one entry will be enough) Although I’m just learning, the other side didn’t try very hard either. Let's meet virtually)
I'd like to row myself a little V.V. Ceiling together with Borisova (she as an ideological manager), complemented by brigados O..Filkina and T..Ilyushina , but they decided to play big. IN gardening partnership there are created by gardeners: electrical networks, water supply system, pumping station, tanks, roads, documentation. So, a couple of years ago the office burned down board of the cooperative. Since then everything common property a new owner has appeared. I didn’t complete all the documents, but I did quite a lot of documents. It became difficult to talk to them.
My mom, Polevik N.N. , has been involved since 2002 documentation concerning ST Marble . She always wanted to establish a competent legal accounting in a partnership. Worked accountant, a legal consultant and even now, being in opposition, continues his work. She does not plan to become the chairman of the cooperative. Firstly, this is not a woman’s business, and secondly, I am categorically against it. The point here for me is that almost all the information about everything in the village is available to me. It is saved on disk and is constantly updated by mom on the computer. The local powers that be have no such completeness.
Perhaps the replacement idea would have worked owner of common property in Mramorny, but I was in a hurry Pokholok V.V. . He announced his future position ahead of time.
25 years ago the lands on which it is located village were issued to 39 Alushta enterprises. They distributed land to your employees. Still the same old times documents this is true. At one time, to improve the situation, it was beneficial to merge small cooperatives into one. But join ST Mramornoe Not everyone wanted it. In addition, those who united did not even think about the need to re-register land resource documentation.
In the fall of 2009, the board ST Mramornoe in the face V.V. Pokholka, announced the new status of non-joiners partnerships- subconsumers electrical networks and soon disconnected from power supply 72 residential buildings. They couldn't do anything for a year.

To be continued, if necessary... I'm just experimenting for now. When I get home after the holidays, I'll look for the results in the search. I'm not a politician by profession, but rather a psychologist by reaction local residents I will see the resonance from . So far I see that he is clumsy.
But it hung at the top of Google search for more than a year))

Marble Cave It is considered the most beautiful cave in Crimea and is one of the five most beautiful equipped caves in the world. Length 2 km, depth 60 m. The main treasure of the cave is the Perestroika Hall - the largest equipped hall in Crimea and Europe, 250 m long and 28 m high, area 5,000 m2, and volume 50,000 m3. The age of the cave is about 6-8 million years.

How to get to Marble Cave

1. By car

On the Simferopol-Alushta highway (35A-002) in the village of Zarechnoye we turn towards the village of Mramornoe. Before reaching Mramornoe, we turn towards the garden partnership “Mramornoe”, and then along the dirt and rocky road to the cave, along the way there will be signs to the cave. From the exit from the Simferopol-Alushta highway to the cave it is 14 km, of which the unpaved section is 8 km. Almost any car can be driven carefully along the dirt road, but in some places it will be quite shocking, and the speed will be low. However, it's worth it. For example, one of the sections of this primer:

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2. By public transport and on foot

There is no public transport directly to the cave. Therefore, you will have to combine public transport and walking.

— First option: from Simferopol to the garden partnership Mramornoe goes 142 minibus(railway station stop in Simferopol - ST Mramornoe). From there, if you walk along the dirt road highway, distance 8 km, elevation gain 430 m. approximate time the journey takes 2.5 hours.

They will pass by sightseeing buses and cars, so it makes sense to take this road only if you are counting on passing transport, otherwise it is more logical to take a more short road straight from the village of Mramornoe. The distance is shorter - 5 km, the elevation gain is similar - 480 m. The approximate travel time is 1.5 hours.

— Another option is to get to the village of Perevalnoye (stop where there is a turning circle). Trolleybuses No. 51 and No. 54 on the route Simferopol - Alushta, bus No. 154 and trolleybus No. 21 from Simferopol. There is a tourist route from Perevalnoye walking route No. 126, which has another name - “Donkey Trail”. The path along this path will pass through two more equipped caves: Emine-Bair-Koba and. The distance is 7.5 km, the elevation gain is 628 m and the approximate time is 2.5 hours of walking in one direction.

The advantages of this option compared to the previous one are the guarantee of public transport (after all, one minibus to the village of Mramornoy is unreliable and infrequent) and a full-fledged weekend walk with a climb to the Chatyrdag plateau.

— Another option is to climb along the “Red Trail” from the tourist stop “Sosnovka”, which is near the village of Privolnoye, all on the same Alushta-Simferopol highway. Public transport represented by trolleybuses No. 51, 52, 54, 55. The distance along this trail is 6.3 km, the elevation gain is 540 m, but the climb is much more intense.

3. Excursion transfer

Cave tours are very popular and include transfers. The disadvantage of this option is that you are limited in time and must immediately decide how many caves you will visit (there are no less nearby interesting cave). Also, the speleotourism center “Onyx-Tour” offers its own transfer from Simferopol.

History of the Marble Cave

The cave was discovered in 1987 by the Simferopol speleosection. In 1988, the speleotourism center “Onyx-Tour” was founded, which equipped excursion routes for visitors, he also studies and preserves the cave to this day. The name of the cave is associated with marble-like limestone - the main rock in the layers of which the cave lies. By the way, this name appears more than once on the Chatyr-Dag plateau: the village of Mramornoe, the Mramornye quarry (extraction of marbled limestone).

Tour of the Marble Cave

For those who came to personal car, there is a small parking lot. A little further is the cave ticket office. The visit is carried out in groups with a guide; you cannot visit the cave on your own.

Opening hours of the Marble Cave are from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. (7 days a week) all year round). Several routes are available in the cave, differing in length of time, depth of visit and price. Current prices can always be viewed on the official website of the Marble Cave in the “Services and Prices” section. We took a tour along all the routes and did not regret it at all. The cost of such an excursion in 2018 was 700 rubles, and the duration was 1 hour 20 minutes. After purchasing a ticket, you will most likely have to wait a little while for the group to form and for the previous group to leave the cave. For waiting, there is both a canopy from bad weather and benches under the treetops.

When visiting the Marble Cave, you must take into account that the temperature there is +9 degrees all year round, therefore, despite the fact that there is a jacket rental at the entrance, it is still advisable to warm yourself in advance, and also do not forget about warming your feet. They don't rent felt boots! But seriously, you should at least wear sneakers and insulated socks.

The cave begins to amaze from the very beginning. If you have not been to such caves, then even the first hall will seem large to you.

The green colors on the walls are not native to this cave; it is the result of the appearance of microalgae, which actively multiply in the humid climate of the cave and destroy it. But algae need light for photosynthesis. That is why the lighting in the cave is discreet, dim and turns on only when the excursion is taking place, and then turns off (some visitors complain about the dimness of the lighting, but this is a certain safety technique for preserving the cave).

The tour begins in a hall called the Gallery of Fairy Tales. Many sinter formations, as is usual in equipped caves, received their own names. For example, the Master of the Cave. And another large stalagmite not far from the entrance, called the Minaret.

Speleologists discovered the Tiger Move branch a little later than the main cave. The move received its name due to the discovery of the remains of a large predator, which was first recorded as a cave tiger, but only in 2002 an international paleontological expedition determined that it was a cave lion. They no longer began to rename the move.

The largest hall of the cave, called the Perestroika Hall, was formed, presumably, after the earthquake. The ceiling between the second and third floors of the cave collapsed.

The path to this hall passes through the chaos of stone blocks and sinter formations: stalagmites, stalactites, stalagnates of incredible beauty.

Stalactites and stalagmites slowly grow towards each other, and before they turn into a stalagnate, they freeze in such a “kiss”.

They freeze, of course, only from the point of view of the length of human life. And on a geological scale, they are quite mobile. But we must remember that the growth rate is several microns per year, that is, all this beauty grows around for thousands and millions of years, but it can be destroyed in a second, so you can’t touch anything in the cave.

Let us remind you that the Perestroika Hall, the largest equipped hall in Crimea and Europe, is 250 m long and 28 m high, with an area of ​​5,000 m2 and a volume of 50,000 m3. Being in it, there is a feeling that this cannot be natural phenomenon, but some kind of technological development, a mine. Such a huge hall.

A former village in Shimanovskomr, 4 km from the village. Chagoyan. In the area of ​​the village, a deposit of limestone (marble) was developed, hence the name... Toponymic Dictionary of the Amur Region

Map of the Sea of ​​Marmara ... Wikipedia

Geographical encyclopedia

Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, between Europe and Asia. The Strait connects. Bosphorus with Black Sea, prol. Dardanelles with the Aegean Cape. Area 12 thousand km², greatest depth 1273 m. Islands: Princes, Marmara. Fishing. On the northern shore of the city... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Sea of ​​Marmara- SEA OF MARBLE, located between Chern. and Egeisk. seas. From 1 m it is connected by the Strait. Bosphorus, with 2 Dardanelles. Dl. sea ​​approx. 110 mm., max. lat. 40 m. Shore row of the mountain. ridges, now approaching the sea, now retreating, meaning... ... Military encyclopedia

Mediterranean Sea of ​​the Atlantic Ocean, between Europe and Asia Minor. Connected by the Bosphorus Strait with the Black Sea, the Dardanelles Strait with Aegean Sea. Area 12 thousand km2, greatest depth 1273 m. Islands: Princes, Marmara. Fishing. On the… … encyclopedic Dictionary

Sea of ​​Marmara- between Europe and Asia Minor, washes the shores of Turkey. In Dr. Greece was called the Propontis foreshore. In this sea there is an island. Marmaros (Greek stone, block), composed of rocks known as marble (Latin marmor marble). From... ... Toponymic dictionary

marble soap- marmurinis muilas statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Muilas, turintis kitos spalvos gyslelių. atitikmenys: engl. marble soap; mottled soap eng. marble soap... Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

- [tur. Marmara, from the name of the island of the same name in this sea, where there were rich developments of white marble; ancient Greek name M. m. Propontis (Propontís, from pró before and póntos sea)], Mediterranean Sea of ​​the Atlantic Ocean, ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

In ancient times, the Propontis was located between the Black and Mediterranean seas, between parallel. 40° 19 41°5 n. w. and meridians 26°42 29°56 in. from Greenwich. The greatest length along the parallel is 275 km, and along the meridian 85 km, and the entire surface is 11265 sq. km. WITH… … Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

Books

• Marble Heart, Ekaterina Nevolina. Rome fascinated Katya. The eternal City was unusual, amazing, magical! It is not surprising that it was here that the girl saw HIM. And at first sight I fell in love... with the ancient statue decorating one...

Found it on the Internet historical information about the village of Mramornoe. It requires some explanation. It talks about an ancient Tatar village, which has now almost completely fallen into disrepair (no more than 10 residential buildings). But in the immediate vicinity of it, in the early 80s, departmental gardening partnerships flourished rapidly, which were later merged into the Mramornoe community. It currently has more than one and a half thousand plots with houses, many of which are inhabited year-round. Currently, work is underway to give this garden community the status of an independent administrative unit.

SURROUNDINGS OF BIYUK-YANKOY
(historical reference)
Departmental gardens. Currently, the Garden Partnership ST Marble

Marble. The village is dominated by Mount Taz-tau or Taz-oba (from Turkic - “bald peak”). The Taz-Tau massif consists of two peaks - Biyuk-Taz-tau (height 722.7 m above sea level) - (“Large Bald Peak”) or Balaban-taz-tau (“Falcon Bald Peak”) and Kuchuk- Taz-tau (“Little Bald Top”) or Kichkine-taz-tau (“Little Bald Top”). The southern narrow rocky spur of Biyuk-Taz-tau, which tourists go to from the tourist center, is called Kushakhly-kaya (677.0 m above sea level) - “belt rock”, “girdling rock”. The ravine at the mouth of which the quarry is being developed is called Kyrcha-yilgasy (“gray-haired (rather gray) ravine”), its upper reaches are wedged between Kuchuk-Taz-tau, Biyuk-Taz-tau and Kushakhly-kaya. The tract on the territory of which the quarry is now located is called Tash-khora or Tas-kor (“Stone fence”). To the right there is a small ravine - the tract Samyr-Khartana-chair ("grandmother's sable's chair"), with the remains of the chair - pear, apple, hawthorn, and thorn trees. Perhaps the chair at one time belonged to a certain grandmother, either nicknamed “Sable”, or belonging to the tribal name “Sable”. Between these two tracts along the ridge there is a tourist trail to the lower Chatyr-Dag plateau to the caves. In the lower part of the chair, a very old cemetery has been preserved; this area is called Yaur-mezerlykh, which means “Cemetery of the Infidels.”

On the territory of the village, “Taurian boxes” were found - the burial places of the ancient inhabitants of the Crimean Mountains - the Taurians, who lived here from about the 3rd century BC. The classic Taurian stone box consists of four slabs dug into the ground, forming its walls. It is covered on top with a fifth slab. The usual dimensions of a Tavria box are slightly more than a meter in length, a meter in width and about a meter in height. Often the boxes were surrounded by stone fences made of stones placed on edge. Famous ancient Greek writers and travelers wrote about the Taurus with horror. Bloodthirsty cults and human sacrifices were attributed to Taurus. The Tauri tribes were engaged in cattle breeding on the mountain plateaus and therefore the proximity of such a vast natural pasture as Chatyr-Dag was ideal for the existence of the settlement. At the southwestern foot of Taz-tau, literally ten meters from the fork in the roads leading to the Marble quarry, there is an ancient cromlech almost rooted into the ground and several stone burial structures, the so-called “Taurian boxes”. A cromlech is a structure for religious or astronomical purposes, made up of individual stone slabs arranged in a circle, in the center of which there is a separate stone. The cromlech and the boxes at Taz-Tau have become quite submerged in the earth over the millennia, and it is not always easy to guess their location. The Taurus boxes near the village of Biyuk-Yankoy were superficially studied at the end of the 19th century by an educational expedition of the Simferopol men's gymnasium. In 1947, the Bakhchisarai archaeological team excavated a fenced burial ground, in which fragments of molded ceramics, a triangular bronze arrowhead and a dog’s fang were found.

Ayan Reservoir And on Mount Biyuk-Taz-Tau, standing separately on the left near the road to Chatyr-Dag, in hoary antiquity there was an observation military patrol fortification of the Taurians. From the top of the mountain you can clearly see the entire Salgir valley up to modern Simferopol (formerly the capital of the Scythians - Scythian Naples) and the steppes, from which the main threat of mountain cattle breeders - the steppe nomads Scythians and Cimmerians - could come. Here you can clearly see an ancient mound (possibly Scythian) and not far from it the remains of an ancient defensive wall. A wide spread of wall stones and the remains of two structures, apparently watchtowers, can be clearly seen. Judging by the width of the collapse, the height of the walls was 2-3 meters. Most likely, there was a military fortification located here, which, along with a lookout point on the top of Mount Taz-Tau, was part of the defense system for the entrance to the mountainous country of the Tauri from steppe nomads. Perhaps it was in this area that the border between the lands of the Tauri and Scythians passed. 5 kilometers north at the fork in the village. Dobroye and Krasnolesye archaeologists excavated a large Scythian fortification of the 2nd century. BC. - III century AD with the remains of stone houses, a defensive wall, utility pits and an acropolis.

Remains of walls In the Middle Ages, there was a settlement here, the inhabitants of which were an ethnic community of descendants of the mixed Tauro-Scythian-Gothic people. Most likely, in the 15th century this locality along with the settlements in Kilburun and Kizil-kob, it was part of the system of military fortifications of the Christian principality of Theodoro. Here, along the Salgir valley, ran the northeastern border between the Christian and Muslim worlds - the Principality of Theodoro and the Crimean Khanate. The settlement with the fortress was located several kilometers above the modern village, in the area of ​​the Sim-Sim restaurant and the upper border of the dacha area. This is a convenient place from the point of view of natural conditions - numerous outlets of powerful water sources in the contact zone of conglomerates with clays and sandstones. Crimean toponymy researcher Igor Belyansky discovered ruins here ancient settlement, about which the toponym of the area itself speaks - Gadzhi-agakoin-koy, where the Turkic word “koy” means “village”. After the fall of the Principality of Theodoro, the Salgir valley began to be actively populated by foothill Tatars, who mixed with the population of mountain villages, gradually bringing to them their way of life, their economy and their religion. The descendants of the proud Taurians and glorious Theodorites accepted the new religion, mixed in marriages with the Tatars and forgot about their origins. The new residents were not happy with the location mountain village, inconvenient for raising livestock, gardening and tobacco growing, and they moved closer to the vast clearings and meadows of the valley. Thus a new large village was founded - “Biyuk-Yankoy”. And on the site of the old Greek village, for some time there existed a village with the name “Ajapu”. The translation of this word is not clear and may be an echo of some ancient dialect. In statistical collections for 1889 there is a mention of the small village of Tash-khora of 9 households with a population of only 29 people. In 1778, the last Orthodox Greeks were evicted from Crimea (including the Salgir Valley) to the Azov steppes. The composition of the village became completely Muslim in religion. Although many local Tatars still remembered their Orthodox ancestors and honored their shrines.

“Biyuk-Yankoy” is translated from Turkic as “big new village" In Farsi, the word “jan” is translated as “soul,” which means the name can be interpreted more lyrically as “a large spiritual village.” This translation, of course, is not correct, but still more interesting for tourists. After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, this area was one of the most densely populated in the mountainous Crimea, and the village of Biyuk-Yankoy was one of the largest in the Salgir Valley. Despite the large number of households (in 1889 there were 696 people living in 127 households, and according to the 1897 census - 725 people, almost all Muslims), the population here was poor and illiterate.

Commemorative plaque about the location of the first tourist shelter on Chatyr-Dag. The village belonged to a significant part of the lower plateau of Chatyr-Dag, which was called by the name of the settlement “Biyuk-Yankoy Yayla”. It was the residents of Biyuk-Yankoy who leased it to the Crimean Mountain Club (the first travel agency) in 1893 Russian Empire) area of ​​the yayla with the caves Suuk-koba and Binbash-koba, where the first mountain tourist shelter in Russia was built. In addition to cattle breeding, the Tatars were engaged in growing tobacco and gardening. In the vicinity of the camp site, old wild pear trees have been preserved - the remains of once rich village gardens.

It is interesting that it was in the village of Biyuk-Yankoy, along with the villages of Ayan and Tersunda, that in the 19th century a unique form of Tatar land ownership for the Crimea was formed - indefinite public use of someone else's land. Of the entire Crimea, only in these villages was this form of land use adopted by the decision of the judicial commission, which considered land disputes of the Tatars in Crimea at the beginning of the 19th century. These villages were located within the Tavel dacha of General Popov, to whom the former Tatar lands were donated by decree of Catherine II. The commission recognized the ownership of the land for the new owners, but also granted the Tatars living there the right to use the land, subject to: a contribution to the owner of a tenth shock of both bread and cut hay and labor in favor of saving from 5 to 7 days per person. A hitherto unknown form of land ownership arose: the land belongs not to an individual, but to a legal entity - the Society. In fact, community members sowed and cut hay, choosing the place for crops themselves and determining the size of their crops. The owner did not interfere in this matter, but only received a tenth share of the crops. “In Biyuk-Yankoy, some of the best arable plots have long been occupied by individual households, and none of the community members will sow those strips without special permission from the permanent user each time. These plots are inherited.”

Besides Agriculture, the residents of Biyuk-Yankoy were actively involved in serving the first Crimean tourists. And there were a lot of tourists here. The fact is that the village was located on the route of one of the most popular of the few that existed in the first centuries after the annexation of Crimea to Russia tourist routes. The first Crimean tourists rode horses from Simferopol, spent the night in Biyuk-Yankoy, and then at dawn in the morning cool climbed to the top of Chatyrdag, where they admired the views and karst caves. One of travelers XIX centuries advised: “You will hire riding horses from the Tatar villagers and you can take any Tatar as a guide. If you need a side saddle, you probably won’t find it in the village, then please figure out how to deal with it in Simferopol.” The local Tatar population quickly realized their benefit: the village began offering overnight accommodations in guest rooms, providing tourists with food, horses and mountain guides, and entertaining them with exotic national dances and songs. Thus, Biyuk-Yankoy can be considered a prototype of modern mountain tourist centers with a full range of travel services provided.

One of the travelers very vividly and in detail describes his stay in Biyuk-Yankoy during the ascent to Chatyr-Dag in 1886: “The moon, rising above the mountains, flooded the quaint mountains, valleys and forests with blue silver light. The blue lights of the stars blinked in the sky, the red lights of the Yankoy village scattered in the distance. The village of Yankoy is a center from which roads go in different directions. We soon entered this rather extensive village with irregular streets and closely packed huts. The hospitable Tatar was happy to give us his shelter and his services and modestly stated that he would take whatever they would give for it, which, however, did not stop him from subsequently declaring that this was not enough for the 3 rubles given to him and receiving 5 instead of three. Now imagine a low room in which you have to walk bending over to avoid hitting your forehead on the ceiling beams, a clay, carefully smoothed floor and a narrow window with a wooden lattice. There is a whole battery of shoes on it, which look through the bars into the moonlit courtyard; a wide stove fit in the corner; round pillows lie directly on the floor near the walls; a wide Tatar carpet is spread out in the middle of the room and on it stands a large wooden bowl filled to the top with sour milk (katyk)... At 7 o’clock in the morning our trucks set off, leaving the Tatar’s hut and a bunch of Tatar boys and Tatar women pouring out onto the roofs and onto the street, to look at an unprecedented spectacle . Leaving Yankoy, one cannot help but mention the cemetery on the road to Tavel, the insignificant remains of some fortress and the legend of the settlement of Yankoy. On one hill, to the left of the road, several graves attracted our attention. They were distinguished by their rough slabs, almost buried in the ground, one was even looted, while the others were apparently intact. It remains to be regretted that no excavations of antiquities are carried out here. Here, not far from the graves, the foundation of a fortress survived, which once occupied the place of a number of famous fortifications of the Emperor Justinian, erected to protect the mountains from attacks by the steppe inhabitants. Such fortifications guarded almost every gorge Crimean mountains, are found near Kil-burun and partly near Kizil-koba. As for the settlement of this region, it happened very simply. According to legend, some Tatar settled here at the spring, lived for some time as a hermit, and then attracted others, from whom the current inhabitants of Yankoy descended. However, soon the fortress, cemetery and Yankoy were left behind. Fields and hills surrounded us again.”

Another traveler of the late 19th century wrote: “The village of Buyuk-Yankoy has up to 120 houses; The inhabitants are mostly Greeks who accepted the Mohammedan law and retained many signs of their Greek origin. The village lies on the sloping bank of a mountain stream connecting with Salgir. The soil of this stream, the banks and the very houses of the inhabitants are cluttered with boulders of worn-out stones, deposited by stormy streams from the mountains during melting snows and during heavy rains, when the stream, now barely noticeable, fills with water to an incredible height and becomes a turbulent river.”

In the 1930s, the tobacco collective farm "Eni-kuvert" - from Tatar "New Power" - operated here. Back in the 1930s, in the village, like nowhere else in Crimea, large quantities Domestic buffaloes are an animal that was previously widely used in the local economy. It is interesting that the residents of Biyuk-Yankoy, using buffaloes in their farming and consuming their milk, were nevertheless ashamed to ride them into the city. They did not appear further than the outskirts of the village on a cart drawn by these powerful and beautiful animals. Several artifacts remained from the old village, located in the vicinity of the tourist shelter - the remains of a wild pear orchard, a filled-in ancient well and the foundations of houses on the hill above the headquarters. Literally right next to the fence of the tourist shelter, on the territory of the quarry management yard, a dilapidated captage of a village spring with an Arabic inscription on a slab of marble-like limestone has been preserved. This source was called “Tas-hora-chesme”. Part of the Arabic inscription was translated: “Muhammad I built a fountain in 1357.” The year 1357 of the Muslim chronology of the Hijri corresponds to 1849 of the Christian chronology. At the bottom of the fountain there is an inscription in Russian: “The fountain was built by the society on June 15, 1904.” Equipped water sources in Crimea were called by the Turkic word “chesme”, which means “fountain” in Russian. Fountains were usually located in the center of the village. If the fountain was built at the expense of the village, then a certain master - cheshmedzhi - was called for this work, and for the subsequent care and supervision of the fountain and the surrounding drainage area, a special person was appointed - mutaveli. But more often than not, the source capture was built by one person. This was explained by the fact that the construction of a roadside fountain for the benefit of the traveler among the Tatars was the highest earthly virtue and was encouraged by Allah. They said that the construction of a fountain is a matter “for which the Prophet willingly opens the doors of heaven to the faithful.”

Lower plateau of Chatyr-Dag The history of the village during the Great Patriotic War is interesting. The population of the village was almost 100% Crimean Tatars. Already in November 1941, in a number of Crimean villages, including Biyuk-Yankoy, according to the order of the chief of staff of the 11th German field army “On self-defense of the population against partisans,” Tatar armed units organized by the Germans were created, which became a serious threat. Service in these units was considered honorable and unpaid; employees wore civilian clothes or Soviet military uniforms without insignia and a white armband with the inscription “in the service of the German Wehrmacht” on the sleeve. In January 1942, the German command reorganized the “self-defense units.” 14 Tatar “self-defense” companies were created, consisting of 1,632 people, and they were assigned the task of actively searching for partisan detachments and carrying out punitive expeditions. These units reported directly to the SD. In the village of Biyuk-Yankoy, one of the most numerous companies was located - company No. 2, consisting of 137 people. Unlike the “self-defense units” that continued to exist, employees of the “Tatar companies” had a status equal to that of a “Wehrmacht soldier”, wore German military uniforms, received a salary and special land plots. Since January 1942, a new organized force began to confront the partisans. “Armed Tatars are much more dangerous than Germans and Romanians,” reported on Mainland commander of the 2nd partisan region I.G. Genov. On the southern slopes of Taz-Tau, facing Chatyr-Dag, from where the “partisan places” were perfectly visible, observers were on duty. Their places of deployment - cells dug on the slope - are still visible today. And on the slopes of the mountain you can find shell casings - witnesses to the bloody events of the last war...

Quarry "Marble"In 1945, the village of Biyuk-Yankoy was renamed Marble. On the outskirts of the village, under the slopes of Chatyr-Dag, there is one of the largest Crimean quarries for the extraction of rubble and crushed stone - the Marble quarry. During Soviet times, marble-like limestone was mined here, from which cladding slabs were made for many buildings and structures in the country, including for cladding Moscow metro stations (Komsomolskaya metro station). Extraction of building materials from the quarry is still ongoing.