Underground city of reptiloids. Cland Search in Cave
Film: "Underground Silence". Search the treasure in the cave. What can be found in the cave. Search with a metal detector in a hunting cave, not far from the S.Golospita, Irkutsk region. What finds were made in the cave. The author Rudolf Kavchchchik.
In the study of underground labyrinths found traces of the person's stay at the beginning of the last century, Baikal was tightly populated. Buryat uluses and textiles adjacent to Russian fishing villages. Now from many of them there were only the lower crowns and remnants from cellars. The study of these platforms of metal detectors, as a rule, did not lead to essential findings.
Meanwhile, residents of the surrounding village in vain speak of the exclusive wealth of those who have ever lived in this territory. Where did the wealth disappeared? On this account, the local population has its own version.
Licheful times of the degradation of the hardworking men were sold to the distant Siberian corners on the shore of Baikal. Without waiting for people in the leopard and with Mausers, they will be hurry for the work of good, the man early in the morning loaded two carts and went to the forest. He returned in the evening with empty bass. The neighbors were shusking, but they could only guess that the neighbor could take away and where. The further fate of the man is unknown. Where he traveled - now legend.
Where can you hide two vehicles, so so that good is not gone in crude ground? It suggests one logical answer: in the cave. On the shores of Baikal, they are enough. One of these caves is located in the village of Small Holochetic. According to the stories of local residents, the children periodically climbed into it and brought that checker, then a rifle. When they brought a battle grenade, the cave decided to blow up.
Now entering it is closed. In the same area there is a cave in which the men who were displeased by the Soviet authorities were hidden. Only the exact place where it is located, has already forgotten - the last witnesses died.
The cave, which we decided to visit, discovered quite recently, in 2006. Before that, only a limited range of local hunters knew about her. We decided to examine this cave in search of treasure.
The cave is located between a small holochetic and greater holochetic, about 8 kilometers from the highway, three of which you need to go through a well-hidden path (on the car to the cave do not drive).
The entrance to the cave of impressive sizes is at least by car. At the entrance to the cave, you immediately find yourself in a huge hall. Lights lamps are not enough to illuminate the halls. Only a powerful light bulb of our film chamber lit the cave smooth, all filling light. We were amazed by the beauty and grand scale of the hall. It is truly great, the size of the basketball court.
The bottom of the cave thick layer covers stones fragments. It's hard to go on them. What is the depth of stone sediments and where is the bottom of the cave? Make a cache in such a pinch of stones is not difficult. Quickly and without a trace to hide under them you can anything. On the bare stones there is no trace: I put it with pebbles - and the treasure will be completely hidden from strangers. You can go over him and you will not even guess about his existence.
Survey the bottom of the cave metal detector, a reel into the most accessible places between the stones in the hope that if there is a large volume of metal, we will be detected. In such conditions, find a small casket or handful of coins is impossible - too much depth between the stones, even for the modern metal detector. From the first large hall inland, the caves lead two corridors. Feel yourself in the head of the cheese. Galleries and vertical fireplaces intersect at different levels, get lost here easier than simple. Moves beautiful and tempting, but hardly someone would be hiding in such dangerous place His treasures. Here I would not get stuck and do not get lost.
The stone floor began to alternate with a dense clay, where the clear prints of our shoes remained. A strikingly far from the entrance to the cave opens a terrible hall - the floor is covered with animal skeletons. Why did they get into this cave in the dark skeleton hall? No one killed these animals. They lie in the same poses, in which death found them. The cave microorganisms destroyed the flesh alien for the underground world, leaving only bare bones.
Bats are calmly sleeping on a high height of the skeletons hall. All winter they will sleep down their heads and wake up only with the advent of the first insects. In the cave all year round is a constant temperature - near zero. So the lightened Siberian frosts are not terrible.
Going around the cave, I tried to detect at least someone's presence: rock paintings, soot of torches on the arrangements of corridors. Metal detector was silent. We did not find any rock paintings, except that modern coins in one of the halls left by the visitors of the cave (probably to return to this beauty, or this is an offering the underground spirit of the cave).
According to the reports of archaeologists conducted by excavation in the caves, they find convincing evidence of people's lives in the caves: stone tools of labor and life, animal bones. But there is the main difference between the work of archaeologists from the coasting. Poppants with a metal detector Such small household finds are uninteresting, and it is impossible to find in age-old layers of the bottom of the cave, the metal detector cannot be so small. And on the monuments of the Stone Age, the metal detector does not respond at all, and the treasure detector will pass by them. This circumstance eliminates the destruction of archaeological monuments, and in case the treasures will inform scientists about their random finds, the great benefits will be provided to science.
Narrow Lases, through which we clutched with difficulty, led to a small room, which connected with a huge room. We looked at this room from the upper gallery. Lights of naked lamps with difficulty enough to illuminate it. Looking at all this magnificence, we remembered the heroes of Mark Twain - Tom Sawyer and Hekelberry Finn, who, like we, examined the mysterious cave in search of treas.
After some time, the path was blocked by a small, 5-meter, ledge with a negative angle of inclination, descended into another room. It was impossible to go down to it without a rope. Overcoming this obstacle and passing into the next hall, we heard a length of a metal detector, which forced everyone to flush from surprise. The signal is long, non-permanent. Looks like something long underground. Rifle or knife? I can't find the object. And I can not understand why. There is not enough sensitivity of Pinpoineher. But he can throw the goal at a depth of 10-15 centimeters. What is this? Losing in guesses. I hope that this is at least a flint rifle left by hunters. Unfortunately, disappointment was waiting for us: someone scattered in this place a handful of aluminum rivets, so the signal was unstable and on a large area.
Converting further by underground world, we fell into a small room, which was given a delicious name - condensed. Once upon a time, dairy rivers with fermented dairy rivers flowed here. It is impossible to keep in order not to taste and make sure that it is not a condensed milk. Having passed a little bit along the high corridor, we found themselves on the threshold of a huge hall, the size with a small football field. Even the powerful lighting light could not highlight the entire hall.
A small lake in the groove of the hall was filled with clean, transparent water. And the water is not at all ice, but quite normal, degrees 25. So it seemed. Surveying this room with a stony floor, I did not even expect any finds - it was painfully far from the entrance, at least 40 minutes walk, if you know the road.
The loud signal of the metal detector spread out echo in this majestic hall. Rather, curiosity managed to me than hope to find treasures. Rather, it is a bank or batteries left by the speleologists. But Nakhodka struck not only my companions, but also me. It turned out, this is a silver coolest value with a small coffee spoon, at the end of which the silver tent of the XIX century was attached; It was not possible to disassemble exactly a year. How did she get here? Maybe this is the remnants of the treasure of the most man? Who knows…
Our expedition comes to an end. What other secrets will open the hunting cave to future researchers? Perhaps someone will find a man's treasure in one of the well-disguised secret halls or to open another cave, hidden accommodation from human eyes.
Rudolf Kavchchik,
Newspaper "Treasureficerker. Gold. Vlast. Treasures", November, 2013
Travel of gnomes in search of treasures or Sanbolinsky caves 2011
Dates of carrying out - from 28.04 to 2.05 2011
The length of the active part is 14 km. Forest Prosk, 5 caves
Duration of adventure- 5 days
Movement route: Komsomolsk-on-Amur - Sanboli - 77 km. - Cave "Energier Spear" - 77 km. Sanboli - Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
Magician Magician: Shcheglova Irina Pavlovna.
Turklub: "Altair", Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
For the Blue Mountains, for the White Fog
In the cave and holes will go caravan;
For quick waters we go to sunrise
Behind the treasure of ancient of fabulous countries.
Poems: J.R.R. Tolkien
The cave complex "Spear Spear" - northeast from the city of Khabarovsk, on average River River 80 km away., From the station of Sanboli, there are near each other Caves "Burunduk", "Dalgiprotrans", "Square", "Pipe" and " Sigger spear. " Caves are particularly protected natural territories. When visiting these caves, the gnomes will be able to admire the Valley of the River River, the enormous spaces of the left bank of this river, valley and mountain and taiga vegetation, almost not touched by a person. In the river rivers and uls, you can go fishing perfectly, especially on spinning and float fishing rod. Caves are available to visit beginner dwarves without special training.
Mediterranean Dictionary:
Hobbits. - The people are inconspicuous, but ancient. They are inherent in the desire for peaceful life, and the love of well-groomed land. They have a sensitive rumor, the vision is sharp, and the movements are agile and clever, despite the tendency to completeness and the desire for peace.
Gnomes - Fabulous dwarfs from the German and Scandinavian folklore. According to legends, they are beardeds, live under Earth and are famous for wealth and skill.
Trolli (Swede Troll, Mn.ch. Trollen) - creatures from Scandinavian mythologies that appear in many fairy tales. Trolls are mountain spirits associated with stone, usually hostile man.
Goblins (FR. Gouubelin) - Supernatural human-like creatures, living, according to Western European mythology, in underground caves and non-solar lights.
Beorn (English Beorn) - a man, the leader of the northern clan of Beelling. Beorn was worn and could turn into a bear. He did not eat meat and intelligent animals lived in his house.
Enti (eng. ENTS) -pastry tree. Their destination is to take care of trees. They live in forests and do not interfere in the events of the outside world, except for exceptional cases or when the forests threaten something.
Nipper - Review. Narrow, close LAZ (in the cave, etc.).
Grotto (Fr. Grotte from Ital. GROTTA) - Karst form of relief, shallow cave with a vaulted ceiling and a wide input, or an extension of the cave after a narrow passage.
PREDORY
Little height, hairy legs
Curly kid goes along the path.
Leads a spotted pony
He is the kid that Vityazy Koni.
"Hobbit"
Housing-worn-cuts. An ordinary hobbit. In one beautiful spring day to our hobbit, by the name of the leader (he, though the small, and the nickname was not in vain) I went to his ancient friend of the Gnome Sir Arthur, who became familiar with his studies in a hobby school wide. Sir Arthur was a great and powerful teacher on the run for superdow distance. He persuaded the Hobbit to go hiking behind the treasures of the gnomes, captured by the dragon was able and hidden somewhere in the caves, near the village. Sanboli. And so the hobbit is not able to take such a risky adventure, Sir Arthur called 72 Dwarfs with him, if anyone could come in handy in the search for treasures, and one famous Magician Magic, who conveyed to Sir Arthur secret treasure map.
As always before any journey, it was necessary to thoroughly prepare and collect everything you need, so the magician issued a gnomam list of things, as well as with each spent a conversation about behavior in the cave:
1. Every gnome must have two reliable light sources. If a malfunction arose, it must be reported to the older GMA.
2. Every dwarf must have a hard hat, reliably and conveniently sitting on his head.
3. A visit to the cave alone or without a senior gnome is prohibited.
4. It is impossible to disrupt a certain order of movement in the cave.
5. Care must be taken in places indicated by the magician.
6. It is unacceptable to lag behind the group. If you are still behind the group, stay in place, wait quietly when you return.
Just open the door, for the threshold
Put the leg allow
And hundreds, thousands of roads
They will be presented.
The long-awaited day came and all the gnomes participating in the search and their relatives accompanied at the railway station. In 8-40, they sat down in a steel cart, which moved to Khabarovsk. The most important thing for the hobbit, and for the gnome of course is not to miss the second breakfast. In the way, many gnomes were engaged in important affairs - accumulated energy, and otherwise they just slept. The rest with the help of cards found out which of them smarter. Time in the way flew unnoticed and amounted to 5 hours.
In 13-40, the cart arrived in the village. Sanboli. They were already waiting for three friendly aborigines on freight self-propelled carts like "ZIL". All the hobbits plunged their blowing bags in the carts and sat down there, besides the magician of course, he went to the cockpit, along with Aboriginal.
LesOlyoznoadorGapirovatrates by the sawmill and local refueling, and then goes on the swamp. The carts crossed many crystal clear mountain rivers. On the right side of the road, a wonderful view of the snow-covered tops of the mountain range-Yancta-Yakbyana was opened. A little more and they moved around. Chickens on the old bridge. Not far from the Goblin bridge caught fish on the fishing rods. Dwarves did not bear them to interfere, because with goblines jokes are bad, and continued their way.
16-00 in 2.5 hours drove a 70th km. Delivered the barking bags. Here the active part of the campaign begins. After 3 km they came out of Beorna. The owner of the forest was not at home, but the huts settled the Komsomol gnomes on Vellah, they were also eager to find the treasures of the gnomes, probably someone from our tightened, but decided to spend the night in the hut, as they were very tired, but in the morning they continue their way. Behind the hut fled ice stream. Dwarves staged a halt and snapped with homemade pies.
Running the road between the hills
Under the haze,
And through the river will be a ferrod,
Bonfire sometimes night.
Continued movement along the forest road. Further at the crossroads were rolled from the road to the left and moved down the stream. Switched the mountain river through the brazed tree. After some time they went to the "logs". Then moved to the planned goal, focusing on the red ties on the trees. Dwarfs who went first noticed huge trees, it turned out that these are sleeping enths that have not yet woke up after the hibernation. Dwarves did not wake them. Everything has its time. In the forest began to be enjoyed in the soil - karst funnels. It seems that meteoric rain passed in this place.
20-00 arrived at the base. Senior magicians made exploration on the ground, no suspicious was discovered. The magician caused a fire with the help of a magical staff, and the gnomes crashed the start of the camp, in each of which the main one was the oldest gnome, installed tents and prepared dinner.
Far, far beautiful there is a forest,
It is the century under the cover of heaven.
Lived and lives in it a beautiful people,
In it, everyone in the world lives in the world.
And each here a resident with animals is friendly
Communicatives with them, lives and does not fade.
But what is the name of this people?
Elves their person will call.
9-00 Breakfast First. In the morning, waking up, the gnomes noticed that there were hobbits from Amursk and a group of elves from Khabarovsk near the camp, as well as the Komsomol gnomes on Vellah. Everyone wanted to find the missing treasures of the gnomes.
Near the camp, in low grass, the small vampires (ticks) come across, which are likely to succeed to the place where the roams are rushing and drinking. Therefore, after moving through the forest, you need to periodically examine, and check the clothes.
The search for artifacts was decided to start with the cave "Burunduk". The cave matches its name. Its narrow, elongated along, inclined moves, with their bends resemble a litter of mink. At the very bottom of the cave, we expected us a large hall, where it was possible to straighten up all the growth and take a little rest, but the treasures were not there. It's a pity. Before descending into this cave, the kneading gnomes immediately put the knees and elbows, to protect the legs and arms from the sharp edges of the rock.
Any gnome, who has never been to the cave before that, before the descent, a dedication must pass. To do this, horizontal and vertical railing, butterfly, and an artificial hood was built. After the initiation, a solemn part of the event was held, at which all dedicated to the dwellers-speleologists presented an indispensable thing, namely the Cave Cave Map. "
Further search for treasures decided to continue in the "Dalgiprotrans" cave. It is located on the river bank at the bottom of the river cliff and has several inputs. The entrance to the cave from the river is a grotto. For the grotto there is a medium-sized hall with a low ceiling. To the left then the hall of the system of shorts of a small length. One of these corridors takes place next to the second exit. There is a small glacier in the area, a narrow tongue stretching along the inclined move into a small dead-end grotto. Surveying this cave, the gnomes came to the conclusion that there are no treasures here. You need to continue searching.
After lunch, in order to get to know each other's better, the older gnomes arranged at the Main Polyana, they arranged for everyone who wanted games for dating.
We will handle the trouble of any
After all, we are not afraid of the beast,
And the enemy runs from us with you,
Only we stop the door.
Today, the older gnomes staged a training session on a descent and lifting on the rope in the "Square" cave using speleo equipment. Sir Arthur stood on insurance.
The entrance to the "Square" cave is 1.5 meters from the cliff. The whole cave is one relatively large hall with stone-chipped fission. The floor of the hall is inclined depth from 7 to 13 meters. At the top of the rhombic hall, almost a square hole of 2 sizes 4 meters. The output connects the square with the adjusting part of the degree spear.
Cave Single Spear Holds the depth of 32 meters, the total length of the moves of 1225 meters, the category of difficulties 2 b, the type of halls in this cave was to explore the following halls: the main, fairy tale, sleeping, inclined, steps (cunning), second. And also ride over the ice coil, to visit Sankina Kondrashka, look at the stone guard, shovel in the labyrinths, pass the stone forest, toze in the freezer and explore the upper gallery. This cave is striking the imagination with a variety of interesting and wonderful things: blue frosts on the walls, stunning ice and stone stalactites and stalagmites, pretty bats, frozen rivers and waterfalls, legs ahead of the crawling gnome.
And here is the research of the biggest cave started! Dwarves entered the cave through the central entrance. The next room passed the next room. From here there are two ways: to the right, having fun, on the ice coil, you can get to the main hall, and if you lie on the transition directly - the fairy tale in the hall. From the main hall you can penetrate the sleeping room, the stone forest and the freezer. From the fairy tale, descending on the rope to the lower level (6 meters) you can get into the ghost room. To penetrate the stone guard, you need to go from the ghostly a small nodder.
And here the gnomes with caution came to the place that leads to the stone guard. They decided to send the Hobbit to intelligence, so they (hobbits) inborn intelligence officers, on their feet fluffy fur, which allows them to move almost silently. The leader doubted a long time and did not immediately decide to look into the nod. But then curiosity and thirst for treasures won, and he climbed inside. It turned out that the Stone Guard was the petrified dragon. So somewhere nearby treasures should be hidden. Dwarves on distillation, sweeping each other, rushed to the stone guard, as it was already being afraid of a certain, and carefully centimeter for a centimeter examined the entire seaside territory. But did not find anything. "Do not lose, probably the dragon straight them," said the cheerful hobbit.
After the honors, the hobbit and the company played by the fire in the crocodile (association), the mafia and simply sang songs for the Volyn.
This is for men -
Knives and axes,
And there are no such reasons
To avoid the game.
Today it became known that yesterday the magician, examining the caves, randomly lost the magic ring. In order to find it faster, search work in the form of a fun competition was organized. Four teams of gnomes caused the ring. I had to again explore all the nearby caves, since the magician did not remember what kind of cave, he dropped his ring. The first team succeeded faster than everyone to find a lost ring and return it to the owner, for remuneration (gingerbread).
Roadsvdalvdalved
Under the solcemenylipode moon
They are worn home.
You are silent, you look, looking a closure,
And in the meadow are seen
Familiar childhood father's house
Hills, trees and flowers.
We searched all the well-known caves, climbed all the passing moves, transitions, deadlocks, grottoes, halls, slices, but did not find stolen treasures. Once the magnitude, the magician glanced at the map at night and at this time the lunar runes appeared in the corner of the map. Decoding Rune gave the following: "Sogray me with warm candles, a terrible mystery is hidden inside." Gently warm the map of the candle and the "Pipe" appeared on the map. What would this mean?
Well, of course, the treasure must be sought in the "tube" cave. The cave received its name due to the input form. Entrance to the cave is a 37 meter vertical mine, starting at the bottom of the funnel. So just in the "pipe" do not descend, you need to use speleo equipment, but the gnomes were ready for such a turn of events.
The most brave gnomes descended into the "tube" waiting for long-awaited treasures, but this year the cave was flooded with water and only a small island remained, where you could have a search. Since the gnomes are notable swimmers, they did not dare to go.
The mystery of the treasure remained not revealed. Maybe next year, the "tube" will allow you to find stolen treasures. But all the participants in this adventure received a positive charge of cheerfulness, a lot of impressions and a lot of new experience, as well as met with interesting people And just spent the time perfectly.
On Sunday, we left with the guys in Diyavka - a distant housing of Dnepropetrovsk, built-up with private houses.
This village is known from the Kozatsky times. Among the locals even left the legends about underground moves, in which the ancient treasures are hidden.
Here we went to Dievsky dungeons on Sunday. True, we were looking for not a treasure, but an ice cave found there during one of the night automotive quests a couple of winters.
The entrance to the dungeon is located near the railway embankment, among the trees and bushes growing on the Broad of the large wasteland used in the warm months as a football field.
A small such hole in the ground, laid out on the sides of granite stones.
Immediately near the entrance at the bottom, the hill of garbage is lying - traces of the vital activity of the Dievsky population. But, it is worth overcome this barricade as you find yourself in the underground course.
It is also laid out with granite stones and goes downwards.
View back
His length is a hundred meters, and he comes to a large underground room, part of urban hydraulic communications.
Here is the ice cave with a waterfall!
True, despite the loudy winter weather, which stands in Dnepropetrovsk last month, the ice is very thin there, fragile, it is impossible to become it. There, of course, shallow, but still a little pleasant would be in wet knee legs in mid-February.
So I had to admire the frozen artificial waterfall only at a distance.
However, our friend who lives close to these places suggested approaching him on the other side. He knew there approaches. So we moved to the other side railway And found themselves on the edge of the beam.
View of Diyuk
Go down and found themselves at the entrance to the tunnel.
Ice from this side was quite thick.
But it was possible to go through it just a hundred meters. Before the waterfall remained quite a little bit, but it was impossible to go further - the ice became thin again.
Returned to the air, rose, got into the car and went to heal to McDonalds.
In the Dioevka we will back in the spring. There is something to see and show!
E.V. Roasting
Methods of searching caves
(experience of Leningrad speleologists)
Of the 20 expeditions conducted in the Arkhangelsk region, the Leningrad section of speleology (LSS) from 1966 to 1974, 12 expeditions were search engines, i.e. Such, the main task of which was the search for previously unknown cavities and applying the discovered inputs to the cave on topographic card.
Summarizing the work of LSS search expeditions in the Pineja Territory, we can make a number of useful conclusions about the features of these expeditions, the most likely places of the inputs in the Pinezhye caves, on signs indicating the possibility of having in this place in the underground cavity.
The main cruising pinezhye rocks are plaster and anhydrites, they laid all the caves found in this area. Therefore, it is natural that the first condition for planning an active search for underground cavities on one or another section of the surface was the presence of more or less powerful gypsum-anhydrite strata in this place. The greatest probability to penetrate the underground cavity is available in those places where the thickness of the crooked rocks is exposed, it turns out onto the surface, opening underground moves.
The exposure of the gypsum-anhydrite strata can be found along the banks of the Pinegi River and its tributaries (weaving, white, oia, summer Gbach, porty). In coastal outcrops there were exits of 43% of the caves known on Pineg. These include the caves of Pinegi River (B. Golubinskaya, M. Golubinskaya, 23 Caves of the Berezniki district), weave (C-1-C-15), Pinega Channel (K-1-K-10), etc.
Very often, the carved rocks are exposed in the side of the logs overlooking the river and the interrupting line of coastal cliffs (cockroach, Pershkovsky, Kariala, etc.) or in the sides of the blind logs that do not have exits directly to the river located in the interference of Pinegia and its tributaries (log , Iron gates, dry, holy stream, etc.), in which 54% caves were found.
Coastal cliffs Lakes, in large quantities Scattered around the edge, can also give a number of outcrops and be the location of the inputs in the cave. Thus, in the southwestern part of the lake, alive at the base of the 20-meter gypsum exposure, an almost completely bumped entrance to the cave was found, which disappears the flowing out of the lake. Sometimes gypsum exits are observed in the sides or at the bottom of numerous karst funnels that operate in some cases underground cavities (Leningrad, Pinezhskaya. A. Tereshchenko, GB-2, etc.).
Most often, the entrances to underground cavities are located at the base of gypsum outcrops. For flooded caves, the inlet is usually the place of direct water flow to earth or the appearance of it on the surface. The inputs of the caves found at the base of the gypsum outcrops along the banks of the rivers and sides of the logs are usually blocked by the orals of gypsum blocks and rubble. In such cases, the inputs of the caves (their number is 58%) are located on the contact of the scree and the root wall, as a result of which the cave's inlet has a sliding shape and is hidden behind the grinding of screaming. In such cases, the border between the fission and the main wall of exposure was most carefully examined, because most often it was there that could be found passage to the cavity. In the event of a powerful stream from the underground cavity or torture of the root shore, the gypsum screams are blurred with water and the inputs open directly at the base. The same arrangement of the inlets is found in the caves formed by floodwater coming from the river (an example of such caves 23 underground cavities of the Bereznikovsky exposure can serve as an example) or when flooding the log in spring waters.
The streams flowing into the logs, as a large number of observations (the log of a holy stream, a fortification, cockroach, Golubinsky, etc.), repeatedly change the direction of the flow, moving from one wall of the log to another, leaving deeply under the wall of the outcrop and leave the former channel, shifting Aside by 10-50 m. Therefore, watching the stream of the stream passing in the center of the log, it should always be borne in mind that in the past streams could flow in sides and form underground strokes at the base of outcrops. An example of underground cavities worked out by a stream, who later left these moves and moving into another place, can serve as a cave found in the logs listed above.
A whole range of caves was discovered when trying to trace the path of the stream, the log on the bottom of any log and the appearing on the surface, which disappears underground. The area of \u200b\u200bthe dry bed on the surface leading to the board of the valley or the log indicates the underground course developed by water. The caves, which are underground areas of streams or rivers flowing on the surface, was found on Pinege about 60 (Cabriel's Logs, Iron Gates, Highel Ruch, etc.). It was possible to penetrate them directly at the site of the departure of the stream under the Earth or when the watercourse was released from under the ground, as well as through the dips in the underground chamber.
If the inputs in the caves were chosen, listed with sand and clay and it was difficult to notice even near, then indirect signs indicating the possible existence of an entry into the underground cavity, a number of additional factors could serve.
A large number of inputs in the cave (35%) was found in the outcrops of having a form of a semicircular fresh "circus", resulting from the collapse of the segments of large caves and interrupting older and overgrown with grass and forest coastal clips or side of the log. The lower part of such outcrops is usually covered with a fission from the crumbling block of different shapes and sizes, from the smallest to significant reaching 10 m in the diameter. In the grounds of such circus outcrops there are inputs of the caves of Golubinskaya, GB-2, GB-1, refrigerator, etc.
Special attention of search groups deserve an exposure with arising from them or disappearing by watercourses, always leave hope to penetrate the underground move on which the stream flows. In terms of the sizes of the stream and consumption of water, it can be indirectly, although it is very approximately, to judge the scale of the cavity in which this flow flows. So, the stream with a flow rate of 0.12 m 3 / s. (Summer 1967) follows from the largest cave of the Pinezhye Leningrad (3400 m), the costs of streams of GB-1 caves and GB-2 with a length of about 500 m each are in the inter-period period of 0.04 m 3 / s., and a small crossing arising from under the exposure on the Porta River, although indicated for the presence underground strokebut the magnitude of the inlet did not allow man to penetrate him.
In the warm season, when approaching the location of the entrance to the cave, the zones of sharp cooling and a strong current of cold air from the caves were almost always observed. In the magnitude of such a zone and the power of the air flow, it was possible to judge the size of the cavity. For example, in the cave small. Golubinskaya, the total length of the moves of which reaches 800 m, from the inlet in the summer the wind blows at a speed of 2 m / s. and temperatures - 2 ° C; Its effect is felt at a distance of up to 50 m. Similar conditions are registered at the inputs of many large caves (Leningrad, GB-2, Winter fairy tale, Northerkhan and others). Often near the inlet and even at some distance from the inlet of the cavity in the summer, a negative temperature is maintained, as evidenced by the presence of ice (Cave of Northerkhanka, Mal. Golubinskaya et al.). Very often in the summer and winter in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cave entrance you can observe a light haze (fog). In addition, an entry in the cave in winter, there is a conjunctive group of nearby trees and shrubs, distinguished by the abundance of Inea.
On the karst character of the watercourses and the presence of the underground channel is indicated low, even at the hottest time of year, the temperature of the water in the streams arising from under exposure. For example, the water temperature in the creek of the Leningrad cave in the summer is 2-3 ° C, while in the weave river, where the flow of water is 10-12 ° C. A low temperature of the water in them is indicated about the karst nutrition of small rivers of the region. So, in the summer, at a temperature of air 20-28 ° C, the water temperature in the r is measured. White - 6 ° C, Seia - 10 ° C, weave - 12 ° C. For comparison, you can specify that for p. Pinegi is characterized by water temperature 16-20 ° C. Such data by tying them with the arctic nature of the relict flora of the pinezhye, they lead Florists al. and Andr. Fedorov (1929).
IN winter time Underground aircraft air flows have a temperature that is much (20-40 ° C) above the outdoor temperature. Therefore, coastal polishes and non-freezing areas of rivers even in the most severe frosts (at the caves of Leningrad, Bol. Golubinskaya, Pehorovskaya and many others) clearly indicate the location of the inlets into the caves, according to which powerful underground flows occur.
Always and not without reason, attention was paid attention to places with names, indirectly indicating the presence of gypsum outputs to the surface or mentioning the caves ("gaps"). In particular, on r. White (with white gypsum outcrops on the shores) was found by the cave of Northerkhan, in the der. The hike is a small bulk cave, on Oz. Located - entrance to the cave, in the log of a fortification - six underground cavities and a large number of grottoes.
When examining the karst funnels paid special attention to funnels, on the side of which traces of water-mud streams are clearly noticeable. This suggests that the funnel served as a stroking ponor through which you can penetrate the underground cavity (so the GB-5 cave was opened).
An important search sign in many cases was the discovery of the Zheopnyak zones (chuckling aster), fields of karst funnels dedicated to logs and coast exposures. The chains of karst funnels on the surface indicate, as a rule, about the likely existence of a large underground cavity, which corresponds to these surface karst forms. In particular, many caves of the Goluban cave region, the cave of Leningrad and others. Very clearly traced in the chains of the funnels above the caves.
A number of cavities found on the pinezhye are laid on the cracks of the side repulsion (for example, many caulogorsky and Galuban caves). Therefore, when examining coast expansions, such cracks and the entire zone along the edges of the outcrops carefully examined.
The experience of searching expeditions shows that the expedient number of a separately working detachment should not exceed 6 people when carrying out route exits by groups of 2-3 people. The departure to the expedition is preceded by an acquaintance with the literature, cards, aerial photographs of the future search area in order to clarify its geological characteristics, the most likely locations of the caves and ways to approach the area.
It is very important to determine the correct tactics of the Group's action, depending on the characteristics of the task set before it. When examining coastal expansion along rivers, it is primarily planned by the most convenient and short way of throwing a group to the long point of the route (the upper river). The abandment is made on foot or with a helicopter, then the group goes down along the river with an exposure inspection and the search for the caves. The banks of the rivers are usually difficult to go, it is necessary to go on a steep fission or through thick thickets and buried, so the search with a backpack is practically impossible. As you progress along the river, the Group suits 2-3 basic camps with radial outlets to find small groups.
Such a search engine scheme is also used during examination of extensive blind logs located in the interfluve the main rivers of the district and have no way out to these rivers (Carnal's log, iron gate).
If the length of the route along the river is quite large, and the nature of the river allows this, then the most convenient descent on the rafts with a visual inspection and a thorough examination of shore outcrops in the presence of specified search signs. The River of the Ponythoxy District is most often small, with a large number of focate, chalks, dodes, therefore, the alloy can be carried out only on small rafts, designed for 2-3 people with a cargo. Often, this method of organizing the search fully justifies itself, since the presence of coastal zones of the shepnywood and the driving character of the coastal outcrops of coastal expansion with steep fuses makes a hiking search option unacceptable. With the help of descent on the rafts from the riverpiders, all the caves on the rivers weave and these were discovered.
In some cases, indispensable transport was boats with a suspended motor. They significantly diminishing the time of the route, but, unfortunately, where boats could have passed, they were not always outcrop, and where they were backed, most often the boats could not pass. Undoubtedly, the use of motor boats is most effectively using the expedition of a significant number in an extensive area with a single main river, as it allows to coordinate the work and produce the operational transfer of small groups as work is completed in separate areas.
When inspecting the fields of karst funnels, first of all, it is necessary to limit the surveyed area to determine the full amount of work, and then, if possible, thoroughly clean the limited area, trying to identify the patterns of the location of the funnel. Particular attention should be paid to the elongated chains of funnels, coming from expansion into the depth of the array.
Local residents who know the terrain can be provided with huge help when searching for caves. Especially valuable are the information of hunters, foresters, fishing workers, perfectly aware of the largest outliers of fading rivers and streams, large caves. Local residentswho had an active assistance to speleologists in the search for caves, the entrances to such cavities were indicated as Golubinsky failure, small. Golubinskaya, Pinezhskaya. A. Tereshchenko, Ozerkovskaya, Szupolskaya, Caves on the Holy Creek, etc.
Of the 12 search expeditions organized by Leningrad speleologists, 6 was held in the summer, since it is the summer that is the most favorable time of the year to search for the caves due to availability convenient ways Movement, the most suitable conditions for expanding expansion and severely crossed observational locality.
Despite the harsh field conditions in winter and the presence of deep snow cover, which hides the inlet holes of a number of cavities in winter, the possibilities of penetration into caves are significantly increasing due to the decrease in the water level and the freezing of standing reservoirs. In addition, in winter, it becomes possible to use skis and gentle transport when moving along rivers and roads, as well as winterers acting only in the cold season.
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