Kushelev-Bezborodko's dacha: lions, nurses and filmmakers. Bezborodko Dacha (beginning) - Elizabethan Community of Sisters of Mercy - Interdistrict Tuberculosis Dispensary Kushelev Bezborodko Estates in Saratov

The former dacha of Count N.A. Kushelev-Bezborodko - Elizaveta Community of Sisters of Mercy - Interdistrict Tuberculosis Dispensary No. 5 (Kalininsky and Krasnogvardeysky districts).

In 1770, the plot was granted to Privy Councilor Grigory Nikolaevich Teplov. In 1777, a three-story house with turrets was built on the banks of the Neva according to the design of an unknown architect; some sources suggest the authorship of V.I. Bazhenov. In 1779, after Teplov’s death, his heirs sold the house to Catherine’s nobleman Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko.
During his time, the manor house was expanded and rebuilt. Architects G. Quarenghi and N. A. Lvov took part in the remodeling. The estate in the classical style had a traditional appearance for that time: the main building was placed in the depths of the site, and curved galleries connected it with symmetrical wings located on the sides. The three-story middle part is flanked by round towers with belvedere towers.
The garden in front of the house was separated from the road by a fence with 29 sculptures of sitting lions supporting chains.
Count Bezborodko, who shortly before his death received the title of prince, died in 1799, asking that his fortune be used for charitable deeds; his possession passed to his brother Ilya Andreevich.
I. A. Bezborodko died in 1815, without having time to fulfill his will. The fortune passed to his daughters, one of whom was married to Count Kushelev. Due to the termination of the male line of Bezborodko, the surname, by decree of Alexander I, passed to the eldest in the Kushelev family, Alexander Grigorievich, who became known as Kushelev-Bezborodko.

During the years of his ownership, the estate flourished as a summer cottage and resort place. To study the water, the count invited famous doctors, pharmacists, who different time gave positive feedback. The pharmacist Fischer opened baths with rooms for residents on one of the plots leased by the count.
In 1855, A. G. Kushelev-Bezborodko died, and the dacha was inherited by G. A. Kushelev-Bezborodko, a graduate of the Lyceum, publisher of the magazine “Russian Word”, an honorary member of many European chess clubs. The count was visited by L. Mei, A. Grigoriev, A. F. Pisemsky, V. V. Krestovsky. Alexander Dumas the father visited the count's dacha.
G. A. Kushelev-Bezborodko was a major philanthropist, a member of the Imperial Humane Society, maintained a care home for elderly women on Okhta, and helped other institutions.

In 1868, a fire destroyed a significant part of the resort, which was never restored. Soon after the fire, in 1870, the count also died, and he hung up the springs for his peasants. After the count's death, the estate was inherited by his sister L.A. Musina-Pushkina, who rented out the dacha.
In 1873, the estate was divided into plots, some of which were purchased, including for the construction of factories.
In 1896, the building and part of the park with an area of ​​over 9 hectares became the property of the Red Cross Society, and the Elizabethan community of nurses was located here. Stone hospital barracks were built on the territory of the park, and a pharmacy, an outpatient clinic and apartments for employees were located in the main building. The church of St. was built for the community. Panteleimon.
Currently, the building houses an interdistrict tuberculosis dispensary.
www.citywalls.ru/house8366.html

The fact that tuberculosis clinic No. 5 was planned to be transferred became known at the beginning of 2010. In November of the same year, the St. Petersburg government issued a decree on “adapting the building to modern use.”

An investment agreement was concluded with Monolit LLC, the completion date was set at 25 months from the date of conclusion of the agreement. A “cultural and business center” should be opened in the former estate.

A new six-story building is being built for the tuberculosis dispensary at 42 Bestuzhevskaya Street. Due to the bankruptcy of the contractor, Eastern European Construction Company LLC, work at the site stopped in the fall of 2011. At the end of 2012, the work is in its final stages.

The construction of a new building for the transfer of TB dispensary No. 5 is planned to be completed in 2013. While the facility is not completed, the dispensary is located at Sverdlovskaya embankment, 40. Monolit is still the investor in the reconstruction of the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha.

The history of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate goes back to the pre-Petrine era. The first owner of the land was the commandant of the Swedish fortress Nyenschanz. Then the estate changed owners many times and experienced periods of prosperity and decline.

History of the estate

After the end of the Northern War and the founding of St. Petersburg, Peter I gave these lands to his wife Catherine. It is he who is credited with the title of discoverer of healing waters called Polyustrovsky (from the Latin paluster - swamp). Then the owner became the actual Privy Councilor Grigory Teplov, who received the manor from Catherine II as a gift in October 1770. Teplov decided to use local waters to restore his health. In 1773, construction of a house in the Gothic style began under the leadership of Vasily Bazhenov. During the construction, Swedish communications and foundations were partially used, and already in 1777 the house and the surrounding park with greenhouses for fruit trees and flowers appeared before the owner.

At that time, a 2-tiered front terrace-pier was built on the embankment, with fireworks cannons on both sides. The side staircases and the grotto were lined with granite, and vases and sphinxes became decorations for the corner elements. Unfortunately, the original building was destroyed during the Great Patriotic War. The restoration was carried out according to the design of the architect Rotach in 1960, based on old photographs and surviving fragments. The underground passage leading to the grotto was filled in during the construction of the Sverdlovsk embankment.

Alexander Bezborodko Landscape Park

The life of man is short-lived and after Teplov’s death the dacha and lands passed to his son, Alexei, who did not plan to “get healthier”, but needed money. The estate was sold for 22,500 rubles to the influential chancellor Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko, with whom the heyday of this estate is associated. It was during this period that the now lost park ensemble was developed and the estate was rebuilt according to the design of Giacomo Quarenghi, which has generally survived to this day. The estate was lucky this time too - during the restructuring, elements of the creation of Vasily Bazhenov and partly Swedish ones were preserved. Along with the reconstruction of the main building, an extensive landscape park with ponds. The main building was connected to outbuildings. Initially, the wings were open and intended for drying hay, but then, due to the climate of St. Petersburg, they were made closed. In its decor, the park was comparable to the best estates in the suburbs of St. Petersburg at that time: Tsarskoe Selo and Orienbaum. The chancellor's guests were the nobles of that time and the empress herself.

Healing waters of Polustrovo

After the death of Alexander Bezborodko in 1799, the dacha passed to his brother, Ilya. The will stated that the deceased’s fortune should be used for charitable deeds, but in 1815 Ilya dies and his daughter, Princess Cleopatra Lobanova-Rostovskaya, becomes the new owner of the dacha. The princess had no sons and transferred the estate to her sister's son, who was in her care. In order to prevent the Bezborodko family from being lost, in 1816, by order of Alexander I, the name of his outstanding ancestor was added to his surname. This is how the surname Kushelev-Bezborodko appeared, which has remained attached to the estate to this day.

The boy got a good education and rose to the position of director of the State Treasury Department. It is with this period in the history of the estate that its development as a mud bath, as well as a source of healing waters, is associated. A resort town was built, a restaurant on the shore of the pond, and baths were equipped. For sale mineral water, and for those wishing to improve their health - subscriptions to use baths with healing water.

Dividing the estate into parts

In 1855, Alexander Kushelev died, and the estate was inherited by his son Georgy. He was fond of literature, was friends with many outstanding writers of that time, and published the magazine “Russian Word”. At different times, the following people came to improve their health with Polyustrovka water: Alexander Dumas Sr., Mikhail Glinka, artist Karl Bryullov, and others.

After the fire of 1868, and soon after the death of Count Kusheleva, the estate passed to his sister Lyubov Musina-Pushkina, who divided the estate and sold it in parts. The New Bavaria brewery was created on one of the sites. By that time, the area around the dacha had become an industrial zone. In 1887, industrial bottling of mineral water with a total volume of more than 200,000 liters per day began on the site; the resort and mud baths became a thing of the past.

Medical background

After the division of the estate, its main building, together with the adjacent park, was transferred to the Red Cross Society in St. Petersburg. In 1896, the Elizabethan Community of Sisters of Mercy was opened in the building. New buildings are being built, medical care is being provided to workers of nearby enterprises and city residents.

After the revolution, the community was repurposed as an infectious diseases hospital, and then an anti-tuberculosis dispensary was located in the building. On this moment the dispensary is closed.

Church in the name of the healer Panteleimon

The Church of Panteleimon the Healer at the Elizabethan Community of Sisters of Mercy was built between 1899 and 1901 according to the design of the architect A. V. Kashchenko. Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna attended the lighting ceremony. After the revolution, the church was closed, and the building was transferred to the Promet plant. In 1940, the building was transferred to the Karl Liebknecht Infectious Diseases Hospital.

All this was located in different departments of the vast, once manorial house, lived, ate, drank, played cards, took excursions in the count's carriages, not at all embarrassed by the owner, who, due to his endless weakness of character and partly morbidity, was not at all intervened, giving everyone the freedom to do whatever they wanted.” Grigory Alexandrovich went down in history as a publisher, philanthropist and prose writer. Books of poems by A.N. Maykov, the first collected works of A.N. Ostrovsky, works by L.A. May and other publications were published at his expense. In 1861 he visited A.I. Herzen in London, and in 1863 he made a significant contribution to the “General Fund” created to help needy young emigrants. The works of G.A. Kushelev-Bezborodko himself were published both in magazines and in separate publications. In 1857, in St. Petersburg, under the pseudonym Gritsko Grigorenko, his “essays and stories” were published; in 1868, also in the capital, they were published in two volumes “Essays, Stories and travel notes" In the 1850s, he spent the entire summer at the Kushelevaya Dacha. The estate was visited by many writers - A.F. Pisemsky, A.K. Tolstoy, D.V. Grigorovich and others. Literary evenings and concerts were held here.
In 1858, G.A. Kushelev-Bezborodko invited Alexander Dumas the father to travel around Russia and received him at his dacha in Polustrov. He met the French writer in Paris, during his stay abroad. Dumas had long been interested in Russia, but came here only after the death of Nicholas I. The Emperor could not forgive Dumas for the novel “Notes of a Fencing Teacher”, the heroes of which, under fictitious names, were the Decembrist I.A. Annenkov and the Frenchwoman P. Gebl, who followed him in exile to Siberia. G.A. Kushelev-Bezborodko, the last representative of the richest family, died in 1870 at the age of 38. By the end of the 19th century, the landscape park surrounding the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha was gradually shrinking, as various industrial enterprises were built on its territory. In 1896, the “Kusheleva Dacha” housed the Elizabethan community of nurses of the Red Cross, for which the building was rebuilt; typical hospital buildings appeared here.
In 1960-1962, the building was restored during the construction of the Sverdlovsk embankment underground passage to the Neva was destroyed. The embankment opposite the dacha even today presents a terrace-pier, decorated with figures of four sphinxes. All sculptural decoration is made of gray granite. Above the entrance to the grotto, a lion's head is carved into the keystone. At the end of the 19th century, the sphinxes disappeared and were restored only in 1957-1958. The model was the sphinxes standing in the courtyard of the Stroganov Palace (Nevsky Prospekt, 17). The famous fence, which includes figures of twenty-nine sitting lions, was restored in 1999.
From Soviet times to the present day, there has been a tuberculosis dispensary in the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate. In the Krasnogvardeisky district, construction of a new building is already underway for it, the relocation of the tuberculosis dispensary to which is scheduled for 2011. The architectural monument was handed over to investors who plan to use the premises of the estate as a cultural and business center.

Compiler of the article: Parshina Elena Aleksandrovna. Used literature: Bunatyan G.G., Charnaya M.G. Walks along the rivers and canals of St. Petersburg. Guidebook. Parity., St. Petersburg. 2007; Lisovsky V.G. Architecture of St. Petersburg, Three centuries of history .Slavia., St. Petersburg, 2004; Pylyaev M.I. The forgotten past of the outskirts of St. Petersburg. Paritet., St. Petersburg. 2007; Sindalovsky N.A. From house to house... From legend to legend. Guidebook. Norint., St. Petersburg. 2008.

© E. A. Parshina, 2009

The area and the estate building have a rich and interesting history.

History of the dacha

The name Kushelev-Bezborodko will say something to a rare person in Russia. But the building of the count's dacha, currently located within the city of St. Petersburg and bearing this name, is known to many.

It is known with certainty that this area was inhabited before the construction of the city. On the map of the 17th century you can see the estate of the Swedish commandant. According to legend, a system of underground passages ran from it to the Neva River. Nearby was the Swedish city of Nyen.

After this territory was returned to Russia, and was built with the surrounding territories, it was donated by Peter I to his wife Catherine. In those days, not far from the estate there were Cossack vegetable gardens, and it was in them that natural springs With mineral water, which, according to Emperor Peter I, who was treated by it, was in no way inferior to the Belgian one. The springs brought fame to this place.

The first owner of the estate

After some time, the office in charge of the territories offered those wishing to buy the estate along with the Cossack vegetable gardens. His desire was expressed by the actual Privy Councilor G.N. Teplov, who was ill and was forced to travel abroad for treatment. The acquisition of the plot gave him the opportunity to receive treatment near his home. It is on it that in our time there is a building known as the Kushelev-Bezborodko Palace in St. Petersburg.

G.N. Teplov settled the nearby village with his peasants, and named it and the estate Polustrovo. This name was not given by chance, since the area in the area was swampy, and the word “swampy” translated into Latin sounded like palustris.

The Privy Councilor began to arrange the estate. To do this, he invited the famous architect V. Bazhenov. Under his leadership, it was rebuilt in the Gothic style. According to legend, the architect restored the underground communications that went to the Neva. In addition, the ensemble of the house included greenhouses where flowering plants, fruit trees, tobacco and vegetables were grown.

Polustrovo and its new owner

In 1782, G. N. Teplov died, and his son sold Polustrovo to the Russian chancellor A. A. Bezborodko. A year later, he invited the famous architect D. Quarenghi to reconstruct the estate, which in its rebuilt form has survived to this day and is known as the Kushelev-Bezborodko mansion. But this statement is controversial today, since there is evidence to say that the reconstruction of the estate may have been led by the famous architect Lvov. One thing is certain, that the famous fence with lions was made by a Russian architect.

It is known that Quarenghi did not destroy the existing building of the estate, but only reconstructed it, giving it a completely different look. The architect took part in the construction of many country mansions, but some of them, including this one, have survived to this day.

A. A. Bezborodko was childless, and after he died, the estate was inherited by his niece, his brother’s daughter, Princess K. I. Lobanova-Rostovskaya, who raised her nephew A. G. Kushelev, who later began to bear the double surname Kuleshev-Bezborodko, combining the surnames of the father and mother.

What the reconstructed palace looked like

After the reconstruction, not a trace remained of the former Gothic appearance. The mansion became light and elegant. In the center of the structure was the main building, from which semicircular and open galleries diverged to the sides. When constructing the building of the estate, Quarenghi used the method used in Italy for constructing country villas with open galleries in which hay was dried.

In humid climates Northern capital they could not be used for this purpose. Therefore, they were subsequently reconstructed and became closed. Around the palace, according to Quarenghi's design, a garden was laid out in a fashionable English style, and garden structures were built.

The decoration was an artificial ruin, in the creation of which genuine antique fragments were used. This building has not survived, but the main building of the estate ensemble, the owner of which, after the death of his grandmother and father, was Alexander Grigorievich Kushelev-Bezborodko, has survived to this day.

The building's façade overlooked the Neva. It was decorated with a portico with columns and a triangular pediment. The territory on the Neva side was framed by an unusual fence, which consisted of twenty-nine figures of stone lions holding chains in their teeth.

Count A. G. Kushelev-Bezborodko

Received an excellent education. After passing the exam at Moscow University, he received the title of Doctor of Ethical and Political Sciences and entered service as a collegiate adviser. His father procured for him a trip abroad, where his duty was to attend the Russian Chancellor at a congress in Vienna. His service did not go well, and he remained traveling around Europe.

A year later he returned to Russia. Here he was interested in one thing. His maternal grandfather’s brother, Russian Chancellor A. A. Bezborodko, bequeathed huge amounts of money for the establishment of the Gymnasium of Higher Sciences in Nizhyn. This issue was dealt with by I. A. Bezborodko, the count’s grandfather, who died without fully resolving the matter. Alexander Grigorievich Kushelev-Bezborodko decided to finish it. In 1820 the gymnasium was established. Now it is Nizhyn University.

The last owner is Count G. A. Kushelev-Bezborodko

Grigory Alexandrovich was the heir to the huge fortunes of his ancestors Kushelev and Bezborodko. He was educated and capable. But despite the fact that he was brought up by his father in severity and severity, from his youth he began to lead a riotous life in the circle of rich young scions of famous families. This also affected his health; by the age of 25 he was hopelessly ill.

The story of Count Kushelev-Bezborodko, the last owner of the estate in Polustrovo, was sad. Having a talent for literature and being known as a famous philanthropist and philanthropist, he was weak and pliable in character. Count Kushelev-Bezborodko traveled a lot throughout Europe, which he would later write about in his traveler's notes. He was drawn to the society of writers and journalists, most of whom were, to put it mildly, failed individuals.

IN last years his path to the high society to which he belonged by right of birth was closed. The Kushelevs' dacha in Polustrovo, according to the memoirs of the Russian writer D.V. Grigorovich, was a strange sight - not the building itself, but what was going on inside it.

Countless numbers of little-known people, distant relatives and other Russian and foreign rabble, consisting of insignificant journalists, players, various kinds of scoundrels, often with wives and children, replacing each other, lived here, ate, drank, and used the count's carriages. The house looked like a caravanserai. Everyone did whatever he wanted, taking advantage of the weakness and illness of the owner. This continued until his last days.

Patron, philanthropist and writer

G. A. Kushelev-Bezborodko remained in the memory of history as a philanthropist, philanthropist, publisher, and writer. With his participation, the poems of A. N. Maikov were published, he published the first collected works of the great Russian playwright A. N. Ostrovsky and others. After meeting A.I. Herzen in London, he made a significant monetary contribution to a fund created to help young emigrants and called the “General Fund”.

Grigory Alexandrovich wrote stories, essays and travel notes, subsequently published in a two-volume collected works. He published under the pseudonym Gritsko Grigorenko in various magazines.

While his father was still alive, in 1850, G. A. Kushelev-Bezborodko lived at his dacha in Polustrovo all summer. A.K. Tolstoy, D.V. Grigorovich, A.V. Pisemsky visited him. Literary evenings were held. At his invitation, in 1858, A. Dumas, with whom he became friends in Paris, visited the dacha.

The last scion of the richest family, Count Kushelev-Bezborodko Grigory Alexandrovich, died at the age of 38. This happened in 1870.

Resort Polustrovo

At the beginning of the 19th century, the marshy areas of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate were drained, new mineral water wells were drilled at the site of the springs and organized small resort with a hydropathic clinic. Part of the estate park was given over to its territory. It existed for about fifty years.

In 1868, two years before the death of the last count, a large fire on the territory of the resort completely destroyed it and part of the park. They did not restore it. The user of the springs was the company of a mining engineer, who organized the extraction, bottling, carbonation and sale of mineral water under the name “Water of the Polustrovsky Springs”.

The further fate of the estate

The territory of Polustrovo gradually turned into a working outskirts of St. Petersburg. The dacha, which Kushelev-Bezborodko owned, was given to the Elizabethan community of sisters of mercy, which was founded by the empress’s sister, Princess Elizaveta Feodorovna. New hospital buildings and the church of the healer Panteleimon were built here.

After the revolution, the church housed a children's infectious diseases hospital, and the dacha building housed an anti-tuberculosis dispensary. The construction of a new dispensary building is currently being completed. The building of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate was transferred to investors for restoration and use as a cultural and business center.

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29 cast iron lions of the front yard of the federal monument “Dacha Bezborodko A.A. (Kushelev-Bezborodko)” are marked and are currently being restored in the workshop of LLC “STYLE”.

After moving to the new building of the St. Petersburg State Institution “Anti-tuberculosis dispensary No. 5”, the implementation of an investment project for restoration with adaptation for modern use Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha.

All work is carried out using funds St. Petersburg construction company MONOLIT LLC in accordance with the agreed design documentation and written permission from KGIOP. Currently, scaffolding with a protective mesh has been installed on the façade of the building, and work is being carried out to restore and recreate the carpentry fillings of the window openings. The comprehensive restoration work is expected to be completed by the end of 2019.

Project manager Alexander Kozub noted that the restored lions will return to their historical place by the end of 2017, but will be covered with protective structures until the completion of the comprehensive restoration of the estate.

The building's galleries are planned to be used as a museum and exhibition site to house an extensive exhibition dedicated to the history of the development of jewelry in Russia. The volume of investment in the implementation of the project will be at least 500 million rubles.

Dacha A.A. Bezborodko is one of the most striking estate ensembles of the last quarter of the 18th century.

The area on which the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate is located was inhabited even before its founding St. Petersburg. On the map of 1698, a Swedish manor with a garden of the commandant of the Nyenskans fortress is indicated here. Perhaps a system of underground passages was created here, which the commandant could use in the event of an unexpected appearance of Russian troops. Soon after founding St. Petersburg Peter I gave the empty Swedish estate to his wife Catherine.

In the first years after the founding of the capital, on the territory of the estate there was a state garden - a tree nursery, established by order of Peter I. To the north of the state garden in 1718, Peter I's physician Robert Erskine discovered a valuable source of medicinal mineral water. In the winter of 1719, Peter I was treated with them and found the water no worse than Belgian. This area was named Polustrovo from the Latin word “palustris” - swamp.

In the second half of the 18th century, the right bank of the Neva was developed as a dacha area, and at the same time two largest estates were formed: Bezborodko (originally Teplov) and Durnovo (originally Bakunin).

In 1770, the territory of the dacha was granted by Catherine II to her close associate, senator and privy councilor Grigory Teplov. Teplov was an active participant in the elevation of Catherine to the Russian throne, the author of the manifesto on the accession and the text of the oath to the new empress. The new owner significantly expanded this territory by purchasing a plot with iron keys from the Okhta villagers, where he wanted to establish a medical institution. In 1773-1777 A small three-story house was built according to the design of Vasily Bazhenov.

In 1782, after the death of G.N. Teplov, the estate was sold by his son to Chancellor Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko (1747-1799). For him, according to the design of the architect D. Quarenghi (some researchers dispute the authorship of Quarenghi in favor of Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lvov - he is also credited with the authorship of the fence with lions) in 1783-1784 the old house was rebuilt and expanded: arched through colonnades were erected on both sides, connecting it with two-story wings near the Neva, the main facade was crowned with a three-story pediment, and a park was laid out to the north of the manor house. The building is made in the strict classical forms of the late 18th century Roman Doric order. Generous with any new extravagance, Bezborodko spent enormous amounts of money on decorating his summer residence and could confidently say that the appearance of his dacha and garden “took the upper hand among everyone.”

A two-tiered front terrace-pier was built on the embankment. On both sides of the pier there were cannons for signals and fireworks. The side staircases and the grotto of the pier were lined with granite, and the terrace was decorated with four sculptures of sphinxes, one pair on the upper platform, the other on the lower one, and vases. During the Second World War, the terrace-pier was destroyed. In 1959-1960 The pier was restored according to the design of the architect A. L. Rotach and the technician G. F. Perlin with the reconstruction of the lost sculptures.

At the same time as the granite pier, a fence appeared in the late 1780s, separating the front garden located in front of the manor house from the embankment. The fence consists of twenty-nine identical sculptures of lions holding massive cast-iron chains in their teeth. At the end of the 19th century, the fence on the garden side was supplemented with a lattice of vertical peaks.

Alexander Andreevich loved his country residence very much. Every summer morning he went from here to report to the Empress, and returned by lunchtime. Here Bezborodko collected a collection of works of Western European art.

In memoir literature, many stories have been preserved about the luxury and splendor of the festivities that Bezborodko gave in his city house and at his country dacha. An ardent admirer and patron of the theatrical environment, he organized grandiose receptions at his dacha.

After the death of A.A. Bezborodko in 1799, the estate was inherited by his brother Ilya Andreevich. The dacha remained in his possession until 1815, after which it became the property of his two daughters, the eldest of whom Lyubov was married to Admiral Count G.G. Kushelev.

The merit of Alexander Grigorievich Kushelev-Bezborodko, grandson of Alexander Andreevich, was further development territory of the estate based on the use of its main wealth - unique mineral water.

Under the new owner, Polustrovo is noticeably revitalizing. Work is being done to drain the area, pipes are being laid, and a common collection pool is being built to collect water. A bath building is being constructed.

In the 1820-30s, the process of leasing plots from the vast suburban estates of representatives of aristocratic families also affected the eastern part of the Vyborg side, bordering the Okhta villages. Vast areas of the estate to the west and east were divided into smaller ones for sale “without any extraneous conditions into the eternal and hereditary possession of 20 newly divided plots of land for the establishment of residential buildings, dachas, factories and the like.”

In the early 1820s, metropolitan newspapers began to place advertisements about festivities taking place on Sundays and Thursdays at Bezborodko’s dacha, with music, illuminations, and fireworks.

At this time, a Northern part large park pond. In 1833, the territory of the Kushelev-Bezborodko park, together with the village of Polustrovo, became part of the city as part of the Okhtensky section of the Vyborg part. The Department of Artificial Affairs granted Count Alexander Grigorievich the right to build residential buildings, dachas, factories, etc., on plots of land from his estate, not according to exemplary designs.

The first experience of creating a resort using mineral water for bathing in Polustrov began in 1838. The pharmacist Fischer opened baths with rooms for residents on one of the plots leased by the count. By 1848, a wooden one-story dance pavilion was built at the Polustrovsky resort, and in the same years the Gothic Tivoli Pavilion was built.

An omnibus ran from the Public Library to Polustrovo, and from the late 1840s a steamship service was established here.

In addition to the healing waters, Polustrov’s fame was created by the magnificent holidays for the townspeople. A brass band played here, dances were held, and gymnasts entertained the audience. M.I. came to the count’s dacha and stayed for a long time. Glinka, K.I. Bryullov, “Northern Bee” systematically publishes reports on grandiose festivities and celebrations organized at Bezborodko’s dacha.

Alexander Grigorievich died in 1855, and the Polustrovo estate passed to his eldest son Grigory, who raised the mineral water resort to a new level. The new owner ordered the construction of a building for 30 baths, to heat which a steam engine was ordered from England. Sulfur baths began to operate.

Count Grigory Alexandrovich, like his father, was a hospitable host. Several dozen writers constantly visited his estate. He himself was the founder and editor of the monthly literary and political magazine “Russian Word”.

One of the brightest episodes in the life of the estate of this period was the month and a half stay of Alexandre Dumas the Father here in June-July 1858. The author of “The Three Musketeers” wrote: “We stopped in front of a large villa, two wings of which extended in a semicircle from the main building. The count's servants in ceremonial liveries lined up on the steps of the entrance. The Count and Countess got out of the carriage, and the kissing of hands began. Then we went up the stairs to the second floor to the church. As soon as the count and countess crossed the threshold, a mass began in honor of the “safe return,” which the venerable priest was smart enough not to delay. At the end, everyone hugged, regardless of rank, and by order of the count, we were each escorted to our own room. My apartment was located on the ground floor and overlooked the garden. They adjoined a large beautiful hall, used as a theater, and consisted of an entrance hall, a small salon, a billiard room, and a bedroom for Moinet and me. After breakfast I went to the balcony. A wonderful view opened up in front of me - large granite stairs descending from the embankment to the river, above which were erected six feet fifty high.

At the top of the pole flutters a banner with the count's coat of arms. This is the count’s pier, where the Great Catherine set foot when she showed mercy to Bezborodko and took part in the holiday organized in her honor.”

In 1868, a major fire occurred in Polustrov, after which they tried to restore the resort, but to no avail: the fire destroyed many dachas and all the entertainment establishments of the park and mineral water resort. G.A. Bezborodko died in the spring of 1870. He bequeathed the springs to his peasants. The estate was inherited by the sister of Count L.A. Musin-Pushkin, who rented out the dacha.

In 1875, from the lands acquired by the architect Ts.A. Kavos allocated a site on the territory of the former Kushelev-Bezborodko garden for the construction of a rope factory. The building stretches along the entire southern border of the site - from Okhtinskaya road to the far arm of the pond. Gradually, a wooden factory town with production, warehouse and residential premises is taking shape here.

The northernmost territory, where the mineral water source was located, was bought by Prince S.S. Abamelek-Lazarev, who organized the widespread sale of bottled Polyustrov water, as well as its home delivery. Under the new owner, mineral water was produced under the brand name “Natural Mineral Water of the Polyustrovsky Springs”.

In 1876, the territory to the west of the mansion was sold to the joint-stock company Slavyansky Brewery (since 1885 - “New Bavaria”).

In the 1880s, the rest of the estate, including the main house, was sold to the honorary citizen merchant Brusnitsyn. In 1896, Brusnitsyn’s property was acquired by the Elizabethan community of sisters of mercy to create a hospital. The palace was rebuilt and housed a pharmacy, a dispensary and apartments for employees. To the north of it, five hospital buildings were built, to the east of the mansion - a residential building for the sisters of mercy and the Church of St. Panteleimon the Healer.

During the years of Soviet power, the completion of the process of industrialization of the area accelerated.

In 1913, civil engineer A.I. Stünkel developed a project for the reconstruction of the workshop of the Neva Rope Factory Partnership, providing for its significant expansion. The outbreak of the First World War prevented the full implementation of the project - only one floor of the extension was built.

The Promet mechanical plant, founded in 1914-1915 on a narrow plot between the house of the parable of the Elizabethan community of sisters of mercy and Kushelevsky Lane, by the early 1930s occupied almost the entire south-eastern and partly the central part of the estate.

In 1917, after the October Revolution, the dacha came under the jurisdiction of the Gubzdrav and was given for the establishment of a hospital named after. K. Liebknecht.

During the Great Patriotic War, the estate was severely damaged.

During the construction of the modern Sverdlovsk embankment, the underground passage to the bank of the Neva was destroyed, and the entrance from the estate was walled up.

The main work on the reconstruction of the estate with adaptation for a tuberculosis dispensary was carried out in 1960-1962. designed by architect V.S. Sherstneva (Leknproekt Institute). The two-story extensions directly adjacent to the side towers of the building's front façade were dismantled. At the same time, restoration work is being carried out on the existing historical fences. In the 1970s A project to improve the territory of a tuberculosis dispensary was carried out. In 1984, a selective overhaul of the building was carried out. The metal gate with a wicket on stone pillars and the fence were restored in the late 1990s.

The lions at Bezborodko’s dacha become participants in one of the scenes of Eldar Ryazanov’s 1974 comedy “The Incredible Adventures of Italians in Russia.” According to the plot, the heroes have to find 9 billion Italian lire hidden in Leningrad “under a lion”. “There are more lions in this city than inhabitants!” - say the heroes of the picture, counting the lion sculptures of the fence of the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha.

Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko was born in Glukhov in 1747. Count P.A. Rumyantsev recommended his intelligent employee to the Empress as a secretary, certifying him as follows: “I present to your Majesty a diamond in the bark: your mind will give it a price.”

The Empress had the opportunity to verify the extraordinary memory of her secretary: she named some law, which Bezborodko immediately recited by heart, and when the Empress asked for a book with the law to make sure whether the decree was really stated exactly, Bezborodko also named the page on which it's printed.

Count, then His Serene Highness Prince, Chief Postal Director Russian Empire, actually led the country's foreign policy. Two years before his death, Paul I awarded him the highest rank of chancellor of the Russian Empire at that time.

Alexander Andreevich was known as a fan of art, was a regular at the theater, and loved Russian songs. He left behind a rich art gallery, not inferior in quality and quantity to Stroganov’s.

The author of biographies of diplomatic dignitaries, Tereshchenko, wrote: “Appearing to the Empress in a French caftan, he sometimes did not notice the sagging stockings and torn buckles on his shoes, he was simple, somewhat awkward and heavy; in conversations he was either cheerful or thoughtful.”

His house on Pochtamtskaya Street was constantly crowded with petitioners, whom he tried to help, which earned him a reputation as a kind person.

Count Komarovsky, from the words of his son-in-law, left a description of Bezborodko’s home life: “Nothing was more pleasant to hear Count Bezborodko’s conversation. He was gifted with an extraordinary memory<…>The fluency with which he, while reading, grasped the meaning of any speech is almost incredible. I happened to see that they would bring him a huge package of papers from the empress; After dinner, he usually sat on the sofa and always asked that they not bother him and continue talking, meanwhile he would just turn over the sheets of paper and sometimes interfere in the conversation of his guests, without ceasing to read the papers at the same time. If what he read did not contain a state secret, he told us its contents."