Downed Tu 154 over black. Catastrophe in the sky over the Black Sea: Ukraine paid the money, but did not admit guilt
The coordinates of the approximate crash site have been determined 42.183333 , 37.616667 42°11′ N. sh. 37°37′ E d. / 42.183333° N. sh. 37.616667° E d.(G)(O), which is about 280 kilometers from Novorossiysk.
A special commission was set up to determine the causes of the accident. An-26 of the Russian Federal Border Service urgently flew to the accident site from Gelendzhik. The patrol border ship “Vulture” also went there. Also, an AN-12 aircraft of the Ministry of Defense and a Mi-8 helicopter of the Sochi search and rescue service with rafts and rescuers on board flew to the crash site, two rescue tugboats headed for the crash - "Mercury" from Tuapse and "Captain Beklemishchev" from Novorossiysk, as well as a vessel of the Russian Emergencies Ministry "Rescuer Prokopchik". The An-12 aircraft found oil stains at the alleged crash site. Helicopters found several wreckage of the plane and the body dead passengers floating on the surface of the sea.
Versions
Technical investigation
October 5 there was information about holes found in the fuselage of the Tu-154, resembling bullet holes, but this information was called premature. Head of the West Siberian Regional Office air transport Vladimir Tasun stated that, “according to unverified information, the dispatcher on the radar saw a luminous dot rapidly approaching the aircraft. Here is the only thing that was received from unofficial sources via telephone channels by employees of the Siberia company from Rostov. On the same day, rescuers from Israel joined the Russian rescuers, and an analysis of the conversations of the Tu-154 crew and an analysis of the videotape recording the radar readings were also started. On this day, Prime Minister of Ukraine Anatoly Kinakh made a statement that the version of a missile hitting a Tu-154 aircraft of Siberia Airlines "has the right to exist."
October 6 Vladimir Rushailo, Secretary of the Russian Security Council, said that items not related to the structure of the aircraft were found at the crash site, and that "the aircraft was destroyed as a result of an explosive impact." At the same time, Ivan Teterin, head of the Main Directorate of the North Caucasian Regional Center of the Russian Emergencies Ministry, expressed the opinion that the likelihood of finding any remains of the Tu-154 aircraft at the bottom of the Black Sea is minimal due to the great depth and zero visibility.
October 7th According to the commission, at 13:45:12 a ground-based tape recorder recorded the cry of the Tu-154 pilot.
October 9 According to the commission, the analysis of the holes in the fuselage shows that the aircraft could have been hit by a missile from the S-200 air defense system, since the size and shape of the holes are consistent with the shrapnel of the high-explosive fragmentation warhead of the missile of this particular complex. Establishing the details of the disaster is complicated by the inability to determine the exact place where the plane crashed - the wreckage was scattered over an area with a radius of more than 12 nautical miles.
October 10 The Prosecutor General's Office of Russia announced preliminary data from a forensic medical examination of the dead - the cause of death of all 14 passengers whose bodies were found during search and rescue operations was barotrauma. Also, according to information from Deputy Prosecutor General of Russia Sergei Fridinsky, carbon monoxide was found in the blood of the dead, which indicates a fire on board the ship.
October 11 Vladimir Rushailo published the conclusion of the technical commission investigating the causes of the crash of the Tu-154 aircraft: "multiple damages in the form of similar holes indicate the defeat of the Russian aircraft from the outside." At the same time, Rushailo stressed that "the remains of the plane that crashed into the sea were not found due to the complex structure of the bottom, the aggressive sulfur-hydrogen environment and a large layer of silt - up to 6 meters."
October 12 The press secretary of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine Konstantin Khivrenko, commenting on the preliminary results of the investigation into the incident, admitted that the Ukrainian missile could have caused the death of the Tu-154.
October 13 Vladimir Rushailo said that according to the analysis of the wreckage of the aircraft and holes, an anti-aircraft missile exploded 15 meters above the aircraft. The Minister of Defense of Ukraine at a conference in Kyiv apologized to the families and friends of those who died as a result of the crash of the Russian Tu-154 aircraft. “We know that we are involved in the tragedy, although its causes have not yet been fully established.”
Ukrainian expertise
Legal investigation and claims for damages
Initially, the Russian Prosecutor General's Office opened a criminal case under the article "Terrorism" on the fact of the crash of a Tu-154 passenger plane over the Black Sea. . After the publication of the commission's findings on October 16, 2001, the case was transferred to the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine, the Russian side officially closed the case.
Immediately after the court decision, the head of the Fund for Assistance to the Families of the Victims, Boris Kalinovsky, and the Belonogov family, who refused to receive material assistance, filed a lawsuit in court for compensation for moral damage - the Cabinet of Ministers, the Ministry of Defense and the State Treasury of Ukraine were the defendants. The case was considered in the Pechersky District Court of Kyiv and on January 30, 2008 compensation was completely denied. In the motivational part of the refusal, it was indicated that the fault of the defendants in the accident was not established by the investigation of the prosecutor's office, the evidence provided by the plaintiffs is contradictory and cannot be recognized as the basis for satisfying the claim. The losing party did not appeal against the decision of the court.
Simultaneously with the lawsuit filed by the relatives of the victims, Siberia Airlines JSC filed a lawsuit against the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the State Treasury of Ukraine for damages: the amount of claims included the market value of the destroyed aircraft with additional equipment, the costs associated with the investigation of the crash, the costs of insurance, lost profits in connection with the loss of the aircraft, and non-pecuniary damage. The consideration of the case lasted more than seven years and ended with the victory of the Defense Ministry of Ukraine: based on the additional analysis of the materials of the State Commission for Investigation conducted by the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Examination, the claims were completely denied. On October 10, 2011, the losing party filed an appeal with the Kyiv Economic Court of Appeal.
On May 28, 2012, the Kyiv Economic Court of Appeal dismissed the complaint Russian airline"Siberia" (S7 Airlines) against the decision of the court of first instance, which did not recognize the guilt of the Ukrainian military in the crash of the Russian Tu-154 in 2001. On December 11, 2012, the Supreme Economic Court of Ukraine upheld the decision. Representatives of the airline announced their intention to appeal to the European Court of Human Rights.
Versions of the causes of the tragedy
Operator error
The S-200 anti-aircraft missile system uses a semi-active guidance system, when a powerful ground-based radar ("target illumination") serves as a radiation source, and the missile itself is guided by the signal reflected from the target. In the S-200, there are two main modes of operation of the target illumination radar - MHI (monochromatic radiation) and FCM (phase code modulation). MHI mode is commonly used for scanning airspace when searching for targets, the elevation angle, azimuth and radial velocity of the target are determined, but there is no determination of the range to the target. The range is determined in the FKM mode, but switching the radar to this mode takes up to 30 seconds and may not be performed if there is not enough time.
It is most probable that during the training firing with the participation of the Ukrainian air defense, which was carried out on October 4, 2001 at Cape Opuk in the Crimea, the Ty-154 aircraft accidentally ended up in the center of the supposed firing sector of the training target and had a radial speed close to it, as a result of which it was detected by the S-200 system radar and taken as a training target. In the conditions of lack of time and nervousness caused by the presence of the high command and foreign guests, the S-200 operator did not determine the range to the target and "highlighted" the Tu-154 (which was at a distance of 250-300 km) instead of an inconspicuous training target (launched from a range of 60 km). Thus, the defeat of the Tu-154 by an anti-aircraft missile was most likely the result not of a missile missing a training target (as is sometimes claimed), but of the S-200 operator clearly aiming the missile at an erroneously identified target. The calculation of the complex did not assume the possibility of such an outcome of the shooting and did not take measures to prevent it. The dimensions of the range did not ensure the safety of firing air defense systems of such a range. Necessary measures the organizers of the firing were not undertaken to liberate the airspace.
terrorist attack
Due to the absence of the remains of the aircraft and the "black boxes" that were never found, the establishment of absolutely reliable causes of the crash was considered impossible by the KNIISE examination, but based on the available information, Ukrainian experts suggested that the aircraft was damaged by an explosive device that could be located "between the ceiling of the interior of the aircraft" and its body.
The reaction of the highest officials of the states affected by the plane crash
Russia
Ukraine
Israel
The statement of the Ukrainian president “there are tragedies on a larger scale” shocked the world community. The frivolous statement of L. D. Kuchma provoked an angry reaction from official Israel. A spokesman for Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon commented on the Ukrainian president's statement:
When the victim is not a member of your people, then perhaps it is possible to make such academic inferences. 78 people died, most of them Israelis - for us this is the greatest tragedy.
The 16th episode of the series "Aerobatics" (Russia, 2009) contains references to the described disaster: the Russian Il-86 aircraft was flying from Tel Aviv to Moscow, got into the zone of Ukrainian air defense training firing over the Black Sea and was shot down from the S-200 air defense system (in the film, however, the plane managed to land in the steppe in the Kuban)
Perpetuation of memory
ten years later
Notes
- I am not me and the rocket is not mine
- Plane crash of flight Tu-154 Tel Aviv-Novosibirsk (2001). Help | Help | News feed "RIA Novosti"
- "The crash of the Tu-154 aircraft in the Black Sea occurred due to a terrorist attack"
- Tu-154 plane crash in the Black Sea
- Chronicle of tragedy
- Western media report that the TU-154 aircraft was shot down by a missile from the territory of Ukraine
- Tu-154 was shot down by a Ukrainian missile?
- In search of the Ukrainian trace
- No bullet holes found on Tu-154 fuselage - News NEWSru.com
- There is practically no hope for Triton
- “The cause of the death of the passengers of the TU-154 was barotrauma”
- “Secretary of the Russian Security Council Vladimir Rushailo told journalists the conclusion of the technical commission. ... "
- “Conclusion of the commission investigating the death of TU-154: “the aircraft was hit from the outside””
- News NEWSru.com:: Experts deny that the Russian Tu-154, which crashed in the Black Sea in 2001, was shot down by a Ukrainian missile
- Experts deny the defeat of a Russian aircraft by a Ukrainian missile in 2001 // RIANovosti Ukraine.
- Ukraine sees no reason to initiate proceedings over the Tu-154 crash
- Investigation is over, forget it
- The Prosecutor General's Office again took up the case of the crash of the Russian Tu-154 over the Black Sea
- The court ordered the Ukrainian prosecutor's office to reopen the case of the Tu-154 crash
- Economic court of Kyiv dismissed the claim of Siberia Airlines against the Ministry of Defense and the State Treasury of Ukraine
- Ukraine denied a claim to the families of those killed in the Tu-154 crash
- The decision of the Kyiv court in the case of the downed Tu-154 in 2001 was appealed
- The Ukrainian military is not involved in the emergency with the Tu-154 in 2001, the court confirmed // RIA Novosti, 05/28/2012, 15:27
- Khripun, V.; Shagiakhmetov, P. Ukraine will appear before the ECHR. Kommersant (December 12, 2012). Archived from the original on December 16, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
Tu-154 crash over the Black Sea- aviation accident that occurred on October 4, 2001. The Tu-154M airliner of Siberia Airlines performed a scheduled flight SBI1812 on the route Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk, but after 1 hour and 45 minutes after takeoff, it crashed into the Black Sea. All 78 people on board (66 passengers and 12 crew members) were killed.
In 2003, Ukraine signed intergovernmental agreements with Russia and Israel on compensation to relatives of those killed in the plane crash. Under these agreements, Ukraine paid US$200,000 for each of those killed - $7,800,000 to Russia and $7,500,000 to Israel.
Siberia Airlines in 2004 filed a lawsuit with the Economic Court of Kyiv against the Ministry of Defense and the Treasury of Ukraine in the amount of more than 15,000,000 dollars. In 2011, the court dismissed this claim based on the opinion of Ukrainian experts from , who admitted that the plane was hit by a lot of solid objects about 10 mm in size, but did not establish their belonging to a specific explosive device. According to an analysis of data from the Gelendzhik radar complex dated October 4, 2001, conducted by KNIISE, the Ukrainian 5V28 ZRK S-200V missile, possibly corresponding to an unknown object 50 km from the disaster, could not reach the aircraft in 30 seconds.
Airplane
Crew
The aircraft was flown by an experienced crew, its composition was as follows:
Five flight attendants worked in the cabin of the aircraft:
- Vladimir Dmitrievich Khomyakov, 51 years old - senior flight attendant. Born July 25, 1950 in Novosibirsk. On flight work since September 1972.
- Natalya Georgievna Kostenko, 45 years old. She was born on April 3, 1956 in Novosibirsk. On flight work since July 1977.
- Alexander Gennadievich Savich, 35 years old. Born November 3, 1966 in Novosibirsk in the family of a pilot civil aviation. On flight work since June 1992.
- Elena Vladimirovna Gusarova, 32 years old. She was born on June 24, 1969 in Novosibirsk. On flight work since January 1994.
- Igor Viktorovich Voronkov, 42 years old. Born April 2, 1959 in Novosibirsk. In flight work since 1991.
In addition, the crew included 37-year-old engineer Sergei Ivanovich Lebedinsky and 37-year-old technician Konstantin Petrovich Shcherbakov.
Chronology of events
Departure from Tel Aviv, disaster
October 3, 2001 Tu-154M board RA-85693 made flight SBI1811 on the route Novosibirsk-Sochi-Tel Aviv and back to Novosibirsk. On the way to Israel, landing in Sochi was carried out for the purpose of refueling. At the Sochi airport, the aircraft's tanks were filled with fuel in order to perform the return flight as well.
Flight SBI1812 departed from International Airport named after David Ben-Gurion at 08:00 UTC (10:00 Israel time). At 09:39 UTC, the aircraft entered the area of responsibility No. 7 of the North Caucasian Center for Automated Air Traffic Control (ACC ATC) Strela, and the crew informed the controller about the passage of the obligatory ODIRA reporting point. The flight was carried out at an altitude of 11,100 meters within the B-145 international airway, which was not subject to any restrictions, including temporary ones, in effect for the period of the exercise armed forces air defense of Ukraine.
At 09:45 UTC (13:45 MSK), the tape recorder of the Strela ATC SCC recorded a sound signal corresponding to the crew's access to external communication, accompanied by a human scream. Later, within 45 seconds, several more signals were recorded from pressing the onboard VHF radio button by the crew members, followed by noises and screams of the crew members (including a fragment of the phrase: ... where did you get (o) ...), testifying to the sudden occurrence on board the aircraft emergency. Almost simultaneously, the aircraft's tag disappeared from the radar screens. The liner at that time was at an altitude of 11,000 meters, about 200 kilometers southwest of Sochi. At the same time, the crew of an Armavia An-24 aircraft in the same area reported a flash over it.
The coordinates of the approximate crash site have been determined 42°11′ N. sh. 37°37′ E d. HGIOL, which is about 340 kilometers from the launch site (Cape Opuk, Crimea).
Finding the wreckage
A special commission was set up to investigate the causes of the disaster. An-26 of the Federal Border Service of Russia urgently took off from Gelendzhik to the crash site of the liner. The patrol border ship “Vulture” and the cargo ship “Captain Vakula” also went there. An An-12 aircraft of the Ministry of Defense and a Mi-8 helicopter of the Sochi Search and Rescue Service with rescuers on board also flew to the crash site, two rescue tugboats - Mercury from Tuapse and Kapitan Beklemishev from Novorossiysk, as well as a ship of the Ministry of Emergency situations "Rescuer Prokopchik". At the Agoy airfield near Tuapse, another MI-8 helicopter with rescuers and water rescue equipment was ready for immediate departure. He waited for the crash landing site to be discovered in order to save fuel on the search and focus solely on rescue. This helicopter never took off, and no survivors were found.
The An-12 aircraft found oil stains at the alleged crash site. Helicopters found several aircraft wreckage and the bodies of dead passengers floating on the surface of the sea. In total, 14 of the 78 bodies of the dead were found. No one survived .
The search was carried out within a radius of 30 kilometers from the place indicated by the crew of the Armavia aircraft. In this area of the Black Sea, the depth is over 2000 meters and the bottom is highly silted. The weather was normal. The sea was trawled, the bottom was explored with an echo sounder, floating remains were collected from the surface. In addition to the remains of the bodies, 404 fragments of the liner, personal belongings and clothes of passengers were found. It was not possible to find out the location of the liner and flight recorders. Among the collected debris was about a quarter of the entire floor covering of the aircraft cabin, in which 183 holes were found from being hit by metal balls. On the extracted fragments, 460 holes were counted. Not a single rocket fragment and not a single flight recorder was found.
Technical investigation
October 5. There was information about holes found in the fuselage of the Tu-154, resembling bullet holes, but this information was called premature. Vladimir Tasun, head of the West Siberian Regional Air Transport Administration, said that “according to unverified information, the dispatcher saw a luminous dot on the locator rapidly approaching the aircraft. Here is the only thing that was received from unofficial sources via telephone channels by employees of the Siberia company from Rostov. Rescuers from Israel joined the Russian rescuers, the analysis of the conversations of the Tu-154 crew and the analysis of the video tape recording the readings of the radars were started. The Prime Minister of Ukraine Anatoliy Kinakh made a statement that the version about the missile hitting the Tu-154 aircraft of Siberia Airlines "has the right to exist."
October 6. Secretary of the Russian Security Council V. Rushailo stated that objects not related to the aircraft structure were found at the crash site, and that "the aircraft was destroyed as a result of an explosive defeat." At the same time, the head of the Main Directorate of the North Caucasian Regional Center of the Russian Emergencies Ministry, Ivan Teterin, expressed the opinion that the likelihood of finding any remains of the Tu-154 aircraft at the bottom of the Black Sea is minimal due to the great depth and zero visibility.
October 7th. According to the commission, at 13:45:12 a ground-based tape recorder recorded the cry of a Tu-154M pilot.
October 9. According to the commission, an analysis of the holes in the fuselage showed that the aircraft could have been hit by a missile from the S-200 Surface-to-Air air defense system, since the size and shape of the holes are quite consistent with the shrapnel of the high-explosive fragmentation warhead of the rocket of this particular complex. After the assumption that the plane could have been shot down by a missile during exercises on the Crimean Peninsula, the media ceases to call these exercises joint and marks them as exclusively Ukrainian exercises. Finding out the details of the disaster is complicated by the inability to determine the exact location of the plane crash - the search for aircraft wreckage was carried out on an area with a radius of more than 12 sea miles.
October 10. The Prosecutor General's Office of Russia announced preliminary data from a forensic medical examination of the dead - the cause of death of all 14 passengers whose bodies were found during search and rescue operations was barotrauma. According to Deputy Prosecutor General of Russia Sergei Fridinsky, carbon monoxide was found in the blood of the dead, which indicates a fire on board the ship.
October 11. Vladimir Rushailo published the conclusion of the technical commission investigating the causes of the crash of flight 1812: “multiple damages in the form of similar holes indicate the defeat of the Russian aircraft from the outside.” At the same time, Rushailo stressed that "the remains of the plane that crashed into the sea were not found due to the complex structure of the bottom, the aggressive hydrogen sulfide environment and a large layer of silt - up to 6 meters."
October 12. The press secretary of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine Konstantin Khivrenko, commenting on the preliminary results of the investigation into the incident, admitted that the Ukrainian missile could have caused the death of the Tu-154.
October 13. Vladimir Rushailo said that, according to the analysis of the wreckage of the aircraft and holes, an anti-aircraft missile exploded 15 m above the aircraft. The Minister of Defense of Ukraine at a conference in Kyiv apologized to the families and friends of those killed in the crash of the Russian Tu-154 aircraft: “We know that we are involved in the tragedy, although its causes have not yet been fully established.”
Ukrainian expertise
Legal investigation and claims for damages
The Prosecutor General's Office of Russia opened a criminal case under the article "Terrorism" on the fact of the disaster passenger aircraft Tu-154 over the Black Sea. . After the publication of the commission's findings on October 16, 2001, the case was transferred to the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine, the Russian side officially closed the case.
On June 28, 2002, an interdepartmental commission was established to settle claims in connection with the Tu-154 crash over the Black Sea, which was headed by Deputy. Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation V. V. Loshchinin, head of the legal department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation R. A. Kolodkin was appointed his deputy. On the same day, the Fund for Assistance to the Families of the Lost Passengers of Flight 1812 Tel Aviv Novosibirsk was registered. B. V. Kalinovsky was elected the head of the fund, coordinating the relations of the interdepartmental commission with the relatives of the victims.
Under the Claims Settlement Agreement signed by Russia and Ukraine on December 26, 2003, the Ukrainian government transferred $7,809,660 to pay the relatives of the dead Russian passengers. Compensation was paid ex gratia, that is, without recognition of legal liability.
On September 20, 2004, the General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine closed the criminal case on the fact of the crash, since the investigation did not establish objective data that would reliably indicate that the Tu-154 was shot down by an S-200 missile launched during the exercises of the Ukrainian air defense forces. On October 19, 2004, the Military Court of the Kyiv Garrison canceled the decision of the Prosecutor General's Office to close the case, the Supreme Court did not satisfy the complaint of the Prosecutor General's Office with a request to cancel this decision, and the investigation was resumed, but in July 2007 the case was finally closed with the previous wording.
Immediately after the court decision, the head of the Fund for Assistance to the Families of the Victims, Boris Kalinovsky, and the Belonogov family, who refused to receive material assistance, filed a lawsuit in court for compensation for moral damage - the Cabinet of Ministers, the Ministry of Defense and the State Treasury of Ukraine were the defendants. The case was considered in the Pechersky District Court of Kyiv and on January 30, 2008 compensation was completely denied. In the motivational part of the refusal, it was stated that the fault of the defendants in the accident was not established by the investigation of the prosecutor's office, the evidence provided by the plaintiffs is contradictory and cannot be recognized as the basis for satisfying the claim. The losing party did not appeal against the decision of the court.
Simultaneously with the lawsuit filed by the relatives of the victims, Siberia Airlines JSC filed a lawsuit against the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the State Treasury of Ukraine for damages: the amount of claims included the market value of the destroyed aircraft with additional equipment, expenses associated with the investigation of the crash, expenses for insurance, lost profits in connection with the loss of the aircraft and non-pecuniary damage. The consideration of the case lasted more than seven years and ended with the victory of the defense side of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine: based on the additional analysis of the materials of the State Commission for Investigation conducted by the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise, the claims were completely denied. On October 10, 2011, the losing party filed an appeal with the Kyiv Economic Court of Appeal.
On May 28, 2012, the Kyiv Economic Court of Appeal rejected the complaint of the Russian airline Siberia (S7 Airlines) against the decision of the court of first instance, which did not recognize the guilt of the Ukrainian military in the crash of the Russian Tu-154 in 2001. On December 11, 2012, the Supreme Economic Court of Ukraine upheld the decision. Representatives of the airline announced their intention to apply to the European Court of Human Rights, however, after the Supreme Court of Ukraine refused to refer the case to the Supreme Court of Ukraine on April 21, 2013, the airline, having gone through all possible instances in Ukraine, did not take the opportunity to apply to the ECHR. Thus, the financial claims of "Siberia" were not satisfied.
Versions of the causes of the disaster
Operator error
The S-200 anti-aircraft missile system uses a semi-active guidance system, when a powerful ground-based radar ("target illumination") serves as a source of radiation and the missile is guided by the signal reflected from the target. In the S-200, there are two main modes of operation of the target illumination radar - MHI (monochromatic radiation) and FCM (phase code modulation). The MHI mode is typically used to scan the airspace while searching for targets, while determining the elevation, azimuth and radial velocity of the target, but there is no determination of the range to the target. The range is determined in the FKM mode, switching the radar to this mode takes up to 30 seconds and may not be performed if there is not enough time.
It is most likely that during training firing with the participation of Ukrainian air defense, which were held on October 4, 2001 at Cape Opuk in the Crimea (31 test site of the Black Sea Fleet, which is under the control of the RF Ministry of Defense), the Ty-154 aircraft accidentally ended up in the center of the alleged firing sector training target and had a radial speed close to it, as a result of which it was detected by the S-200 system radar and taken as a training target. In the conditions of lack of time and nervousness caused by the presence of the high command and foreign guests, the S-200 operator did not determine the range to the target and "highlighted" the Tu-154 (located at a distance of 250-300 km) instead of an inconspicuous training target (launched at a distance of 60 km). Thus, the defeat of the Tu-154 by an anti-aircraft missile was most likely the result not of a missile missing a training target (as is sometimes claimed), but of direct guidance of the missile by the S-200 operator at an erroneously identified target.
The calculation of the complex did not assume the possibility of such an outcome of the shooting and did not take measures to prevent it. The dimensions of the range did not ensure the safety of firing air defense systems of such a range. The organizers of the firing did not take the necessary measures to free the airspace: flights were prohibited only within a radius of 50 km, although the "passport" range of hitting targets with the S-200V complex was 255 km, and the technical range of the 5V28 / 5V28M missile was about 300 km.
But since the distance to the place of detection of the wreckage of the aircraft is more than 340 km, and even more to the place where the missile hit the aircraft, the version of the defeat by the S-200V complex looks unconvincing.
terrorist attack
Due to the absence of the remains of the aircraft and flight recorders, which were never found, finding out the absolutely reliable causes of the crash was recognized by the KNIISE expertise as impossible, but based on the available information, Ukrainian experts suggested that the aircraft was damaged by an explosive device that could be located “between the ceiling of the inner part of the aircraft" and its body.
Personnel implications
According to the results of an internal investigation, 20 days after the tragedy, the Minister of Defense of Ukraine Oleksandr Kuzmuk resigned. A few more people also “suffered”: the commander-in-chief of air defense, Colonel General V. V. Tkachev, his deputy for combat training, Lieutenant General V. V. Dyakov (head of missile firing at the Opuk training ground that day), and the head of the radio engineering troops were fired from the army Air Defense Major General Y. Korotkov, Colonels A. Lunev and N. Zhilkov, Lieutenant Colonels M. Alpatov and V. Shevchenko. Lieutenant General V. Kalinyuk, commander of the 49th corps, was dismissed from his post. The commander of the S-200 division, Major Y. Wenger, was transferred to a lower position. However, none of the military has been taken to court.
The reaction of the highest officials of the states affected by the disaster
Russia
Firstly, all the necessary services in Ukraine were informed in advance. Secondly, the weapons that were used at that time, according to tactical and technical data, could not reach the air corridors in which our aircraft was located ...
In any case, there is no reason not to trust the Ukrainian side.
Ukraine
Look what's going on around the world, in Europe? We are not the first and not the last, there is no need to make a tragedy out of this. Mistakes happen everywhere, and not only on this scale, but on a much larger, planetary scale. If we do not lower ourselves below the civilized level, everything will be fine. And if we pour a bucket of dirt on ourselves, then you are welcome.
Israel
The statement of the Ukrainian president “there are tragedies on a larger scale” shocked the world community. The frivolous statement of L. D. Kuchma provoked an angry reaction from official Israel. The press secretary of the Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon commented on the Ukrainian President's statement:
When the victim is not a member of your people, then perhaps it is possible to make such academic inferences. 78 people died, most of them Israelis - for us this is the greatest tragedy.
Cultural aspects
perpetuation of memory
Similar cases of destruction of airliners by means of air defense
Notes
- WE HAVE HAPPENED (indefinite) . 2001.novayagazeta.ru. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
- I not I and rocket not mine // Evening Novosibirsk. - 23.08.2007.
- Plane crash flight Tu‑154 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk (2001). Reference . RIA News .
- The investigation is over, forget it / Lenta.ru June 18, 2004
- Description of the crash on the Aviation Safety Network website.
- Kuzmuk left. Kuchma banned military exercises and the use of anti-aircraft missile systems // Ukrainskaya Pravda. - 24.10.2001.
- The secret that lies at the bottom. Political interests intervened in the investigation of the plane crash over the Black Sea ten years ago, Expert Online (04.10.2011). Retrieved 13 August 2016.
- The GPU will figure out how the plane was shot down under Kuzmuk. // Ukrainian truth. - 28.10.2005.
- Ukraine transferred to Russia 7.8 million dollars compensations for downed Tu-154. Lenta.ru, 12/15/2004.
- The court did not find the fault of the Ukrainian military in the crash of the Russian Tu-154. RIA Novosti, 6.9.2011.
- The court did not find the fault of the Ukrainian military in the crash of the Russian Tu-154 (indefinite) . RIA Novosti (06.09.2011). Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- RA-85693 - russianplanes.net - Card board
- Flight 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk: Crew: Garov Evgeny Viktorovich (indefinite) . JSC Siberia Airlines in memory of passengers and crew of flight 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
15 years ago, a Russian passenger plane was shot down over the Black Sea while flying from Tel Aviv to Novosibirsk. 66 passengers and 12 crew members were killed. According to data published in the media, the investigation showed that the liner was shot down by an S-300 anti-aircraft missile, which was accidentally fired by the Ukrainian military during the exercises.
However, a passenger plane of Siberia Airlines Tu-154 with Israeli citizens over the Black Sea in 2001 was shot down from the territory Russian military unit, during Ukrainian-Russian(and not just Ukrainian) exercises. The Ukrainian military did not have missiles capable of reaching a passenger plane at such a height.
Most likely, Kuchma simply covered up Putin by not publicizing the Ukrainian radar data.
It is not worth putting an end to this matter, - such a statement was made a year ago by the editor-in-chief of the radio station "Echo of Moscow" Alexei Venediktov.
Alexei Venedektov, editor-in-chief of Ekho Moskvy radio station, doubts the veracity of the generally accepted version of the death of a Tu-154 aircraft with Israeli passengers over the Black Sea in 2001.
“They say that the Ukrainians shot down the plane. Do you know it hasn't been installed yet? It was a revelation for me.", - Venediktov said on the air of Ekho Moskvy, the recording of which is posted on Youtube.
He stressed that it was not possible to investigate in full the causes of the disaster, as the wreckage fell into the sea.
In addition, foreign specialists were not allowed to investigate the crash. " According to the conclusion of the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC), headed by our beloved Tatyana Anodina, at an altitude of 11 thousand meters, the plane was unintentionally shot down by a Ukrainian S-200 missile fired as part of military exercises held on the Crimean peninsula ", - he said.
At the same time, he draws attention to the fact that the rocket was launched from a Russian military base. " The missile was launched from this site, owned by the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation - on a lease basis ", - said the journalist.
The next day, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine also confirmed " the fact that Ukrainian and Russian (!) firing exercises at the firing range are at the attention of the 31st Research Center of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation at Cape Apuk.
“Oh, I said to myself. And I tell you: pay attention - these were Ukrainian-Russian exercises. And there were Russian observers - that is, we had all the information about the launches ", - said Venediktov.
An important point is also the fact that Ukraine has not yet admitted its guilt, although it agreed to pay compensation to the relatives of the victims in the total amount of 16 million dollars. So, Venediktov cites a message that in January 2012 the Kyiv court refused to pay new compensation to relatives, “ because it has not been proven exactly A Ukrainian missile shot down a plane of the Russian airline Siberia. “Somehow, we didn’t take the position then that we take now on the Malaysian Boeing… Somehow we didn’t put 147 questions to the Ukrainian side then, but we do now… ”, the journalist asks.
In addition, he recalled the recognition of the Russian side that the Ukrainians could not shoot down the plane, even purely technically. Thus, Russian President Vladimir Putin said in the Kremlin after a meeting with the Ukrainian Defense Ministry that “ Ukrainian air defense could not shoot down the Russian Tu-154 aircraft. “Firstly, all the necessary services in Ukraine were notified. Secondly, according to tactical and technical data, the used weapons could not reach our aircraft in the air corridors » , - then the President of Russia said, adding that he had " in any case, there is no reason not to trust the Ukrainian side ”, therefore, the details of the disaster will be specified through the Ministry of Defense of the two countries.
“Specialists have no doubt that it was a Ukrainian missile. And our President Vladimir Vladimirovich doubts,– stressed the journalist.
A. Venediktov also drew attention to the fact that the Russian authorities did everything to hush up the incident. " I want to draw the attention of our colleagues on television, who say that Ukraine shot down the plane. Do you know that the Russian Prosecutor General's Office closed the criminal case? What? They died there Russian citizens. Compensation - no. No established positions ", he said.
“And when I say that history is unknown… You know how our historian Natan Yakovlevich Edelman said: “it was, it wasn’t, it could have been.” That could be!” - summed up the editor-in-chief of "Echo of Moscow" Alexei Venediktov.
Venediktov recalled that the first version of the downing of the aircraft by air defense systems, and not a terrorist attack on board, was announced on the American television channel CBN with reference to the CIA. In this regard, he called on the United States, which conducted reconnaissance of the area (and according to some media reports, they even recorded the conversation of the air defense system operators) to publish their data on this plane crash.
In connection with these and other circumstances, the question arises - should this plane crash be re-examined?
Against the backdrop of an endless and inconclusive investigation into the crash of the Malaysian Boeing, the death of a Russian Tu-154 aircraft over the Black Sea in 2001 looks indicative, Alexander Khrolenko notes.
15 years ago, on October 4, 2001, after being hit by an anti-aircraft missile by Ukrainian air defense, a Tu-154 passenger plane crashed into the Black Sea, 185 km southwest of Sochi, on a Tel Aviv-Novosibirsk flight. All 66 passengers and 12 crew members (27 Russian citizens and 51 Israeli citizens) on board were killed.
Foreign news agencies immediately connected the crash of the Siberia airliner with the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack in the United States. The version of the explosion was also checked for technical reasons. A few hours later, American intelligence specialists clarified the situation. According to the CBS television company, one of the US Department of Defense satellites recorded a missile launch from the territory of Crimea at about the same time that the Tu-154 fell into the Black Sea.
At the same time, the Minister of Defense of Ukraine Oleksandr Kuzmuk said that on October 4, the exercises of the air defense forces did not take place. And Ukrainian President (and Commander-in-Chief) Leonid Kuchma flippantly added that there are tragedies on a larger scale.
Perhaps, in the case of the Malaysian "Boeing" in Ukraine, the images of reconnaissance satellites of the US Department of Defense could help, but the Americans have their own interest in the burning Donbass.
