What is the deepest. Ohrid Lake - the oldest and deepest Europe lake

Many are interested in the question - what lake is the deepest in the world? Baikal - The deepest lake in the world. It is located in the southeastern part of Russia and occupies a huge territory of the central part of the Asian continent. Thanks to her greatness, the deepest lake in the world of Baikal, has several more beautiful names. The reservoir is called a deep or clear eye, the sacred lake, the powerful sea. Locals are usually called it by the Baikal Sea.
This lake is kept in the largest stocks of fresh water on the planet, which have a unique composition. Water is not only clean and transparent, on the content of mineral salts it can be compared with distilled.
By area, the deepest lake in the world of Baikal, almost equal to Holland. There are several dozen islands on it. Its length is 635 km, the largest width in the center of 80 km, and the narrowest part is located in the village of Selenga and is 27 km away. The lake is located relative to the sea level at an altitude of more than 450 km, and its coast length is approximately 2000 km away. More than half of this coastal territory is protected by the state.
More than 300 rivers fill their waters the deepest lake in the world of Baikal, no less than half of this volume falls on the Selengu River, and only hangar follows from it. Baikal surround the mountain ranges and numerous hills. On the west coast, the terrain is more rocky and obscure than in the east.

Some tourists are actively interested, where is the deepest lake in the world? These places are famous for picturesque landscapes and a unique variety of the animal world, which makes them interesting for tourists. The region has the status of a conservation zone of world importance. By the number of rare plants only growing in these parts, he surpasses even Flor Madagascar and Galapogos Islands. There are numerous resorts here. The best time to visit the deepest Lake Baikal in the world, is considered the period from the end of April to the end of October. In the summer months, tourists can perform various excursions and hiking, fishing, diving, hunt, relax on the beach, and in winter, skiing, treated fishing and borach riding are popular.
You can get to these places by plane or by train. Direct flights are in Ulan-Ude and Irkutsk. The roadway from Moscow will take 6 hours from Moscow, and on the train will have to go about 4 days. Now you know where the deepest lake is located in the world.

The question of the origin of Lake Baikal, since ancient times it causes hot spores in the scientist of the world and creates the soil for a variety of, sometimes fantastic, guess and hypotheses. How is it formed a lake with water of crystal purity, surrounded by picturesque mountains and unique nature?
The Buryat legend tells about the great fire, which absorbed the earth and contributed to the origin of the Lake Baikal. From the resulting emptiness the sea came out. Scientific confirmation of the legend did not find and for a long time, scientists investigated this problem.
In the distant eighteenth century, the Germans Patase and Georgi, a scientifically based suggestion on this topic was formulated. They participated in the Siberian Expedition, which the St. Petersburg Academy organized in about 1970. Scientists argued that the cause of Baikal was the sushi failure caused by a natural cataclysm. Most likely it was an earthquake. They believed that there was a large river flowing in Yenisei to the events described. She took all the waters in their channel, which today fall into Lake Baikal. A century later, Pole Yangchevsky offered his hypothesis, based on it on the data received during a trip in the Priboroli region. He believed that this reservoir was formed due to the natural catastrophe, after which the earth bark began to slowly shrink.
There were many scientists who offered their theories, but often they energized each other and their guesses about the origin of Lake Baikal were different from the details. The closer to the modern understanding of the process, as a result of which the Baikal Basil was formed, Vladimir Obruchev approached. He suggested that it all started after the mining system of Siberia was formed. Wpadin was formed after the settlement of the large land of sushi on both sides of the gap.
In the second half of the 20th century, thanks to scientific achievements, scientists have significantly advanced in the study of this problem. Some clarity made open at the time global fault system or global rift theory. According to this discovery, Baikal arose due to the processes of a planetary scale and that there are several similar formations on the surface of the Earth. Tanganyika and the Red Sea are one of them.
At the end of the 20th century, scientists of many countries were engaged in this problem. Basin Lake Baikal is considered one of the central links of the Baikal rift. It stretches more than 2.5 thousand km and is located on the very border of Eurasian and Indonesian-Australian lithospheric plates. At first, they were believed that Rift appeared due to the collision of the plates, but after a detailed study of new data, they found out that the cause of all the abnormal heating of the mantle was the cause of everything.
The pop-up and spreading in different directions of the lava formed mountain range arrays that surround the lake. This spreading on a plane heated to very high temperatures of magma and caused the appearance of large faults. As a result, this was the reason for the emergence of the depression, which later became Lake Baikal.
As new knowledge appeared and geophysical methods developed, interesting details and a scientifically confirmed chronological sequence of education of this unique lake appeared.

In addition to numerous large and small streams, almost 300 rivers and rivers fall into it. In addition to the three shipping rivers, the upper hangary, Barguzin and Selenga, you can call a few more, especially allocated by our sizes: Turk, Snow, Barguzin, Buguldeka. And only the only hangar carries its waters to the North-West, emerging from the mighty lake.

Only she takes Lake Baikal all the power of his waters and carries them through the center of Russia hundreds of kilometers. Its width of the source is about 2 km. In this place is a giant rock, called by the local residents of the shaman-stone. As the legend says, this block threw a Baikal father in the daughter running away from him. She decided to die to his handsome Yenisei, although his father wanted to marry her for a hero with the name Irkut.
Angara, like other Lake Baikal Rivers, beautiful and clean river. Its length is about 1,800 kilometers.

Selenga, like the Lake Baikal River, is the largest of all rivers that fall into the lake. The source of the river is located in Mongolia, then it flows through Russian land, completing his way to divide into the Delta of the Lake itself. She carries in Baikal almost half of all the water entering it.

The upper hangar is a fast mountain river, with a large number of thresholds. Even when it turns out to be on the plain, it continues to cry and shared, then to connect in a single bed. At Baikal himself, like other rivers Lake Baikal, she pacifies their waters and become calmer.

Another river Lake Baikal, proceeds in Buryatia, going down the mountain range, after which she carries her troubled waters on stony thresholds. The top reserve is located in the upper. She passes through the taiga valleys, gorge and mountain range.
This place is very attracted to lovers to melted on mountain thresholds. The sections intended for this do not even have the minimum category of complexity, which means they can be passed without much risk to life. Although the river also has sections with a dangerous bottom, sharp stones and waterfalls.
The deepest lake is amazing, mysterious and to the end of a not studied miracle of nature. It is powered by the same unique rivers that carry their waters on the most beautiful edges and reserved places, while maintaining their primaryness. It is necessary to make every effort to preserve this rich stock of crystal clear water and its rare ecosystem.

On Earth, there are many unusual territories that combine several features that distinguish them from other places. Baikal is one of such edges. This is the cleanest lake in Russia, with ideally transparent water, in which there is practically no mineral impurities. And it also has a huge depth - the largest among all the lakes of the world.
Thanks to special geographical characteristics, this corner of nature attracts the attention of people from different parts of the planet. Maximum fixed depth of the lake is 1640 meters. With this indicator of Baikal is ahead of all lakes of the globe. Next after the Russian leader Tanganyik gives him very much. Its the greatest depth mark does not exceed 160 meters. In combination with a huge area of \u200b\u200bBaikal, which is equal to Holland, this gigantic scale is simply impossible.
One of the reasons for such a great depth of Lake Baikal and its area is the presence of a variety of rivers that fall into it. An approximate number of tributaries is approximately 300. With such a significant replenishment, Baikal continues in just one river - hangar. It should be noted that the reservoir is considered the largest natural reservoir on the planet, with perfectly clean fresh water. According to these parameters, even the Great Lakes in North America cannot be compared with it. Its water reaches a volume of 23,600 m3.
A very big depth of Lake Baikal, combined with the impressive area of \u200b\u200bthis lake, explains the fact that the locals call him by the sea. This ancient reservoir on the surface of the Earth appeared as a result of complex processes occurring in the earth's crust. Approximately 25 million years have passed since its formation began. It continues and now. Scientists believe that Baikal can be the beginning of the emergence of a new ocean, which should appear, of course, not tomorrow, but its emergence in the future is recognized as a scientific world as a proven fact.
Because of the maximum depth of the Lake Baikal and the high level of the railway line, which is more than the surface of the ocean for 455 meters, the reserves' brand is deservedly defined as the deepest sweep on Earth.

Water Lake Baikal is unusually clean and transparent. With the help of the disk, the sequence was carried out by a test for which the transparency of the lake was 40 meters, and, for example, in the Caspian Sea, there are not even 25 meters. Alpine water bodies known for their cleanliness are inferior to Baikal on these parameters. The transparency of the reservoir may vary depending on some factors. The mouth of the river and shallow water is inferior to areas with great depth. Seasonal changes in the life of microflora also affect.
The water of Lake Baikal meets all the criteria for high-quality drinking water. Its purity and unique properties are explained by the influence of microorganisms and vegetation. Little Episircraft wraps, inhabitants in a lake in a huge amount, perform the role of bio filter. Armada such rachkov is capable of cleaning the upper layers 3-4 times a year. In the reservoir, organic impurities and solutes are almost lacking.
The mineral composition of the water is very poor, does not reach 100 mg / liter, and includes silicon, calcium and magnesium. Other reservoirs have a concentration of similar substances ranging from 400 mg / liter. There is no hydrogen sulfide in Baikal, but in large quantities there is oxygen both in the upper layers and at the very depth. His water has excellent qualities. In purity, only water from the crater lake in the United States, which is considered a natural analogue of distillate.
Nowadays, only Baikal is an open reservoir, with a suitable water that does not require additional processing. The ideal water of Lake Baikal, spreads now on an industrial scale. It is selected at a depth of about 410 meters. The upper layers protect it from any surface contamination.
The temperature in the lake is distinguished by the originality. It affects not only climatic conditions, but also an abnormal depth of the lake. The largest water temperature is 15 degrees. The temperature decreases with increasing depth. At a mark of 25 meters, it is only 10 degrees, and at a depth of 250 meters and below, the temperature is 3 - 5 degrees. Shallow water sometimes time to warm up to 24 degrees.

Lake Baikal and the territory adjacent to it are one of the most unique and rich in the natural treasure region. Here are the reserves, reserves, national parks and protected nature monuments. Together there are about two hundred such territories. Almost the entire Baikal region is under state government. Only in several industrialized districts: Baikalsk, Slyudyanka, Severobaykalsk, Kultuk and Babushkin, due to the developed industrial complex, there are no serious restrictions for the work of local enterprises.
The protection of Lake Baikal is carried out not only in the Russian Federation, since these territories are considered to be a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In Russia, there is federal law No. 94 of the Federal Law, "On the Protection of Lake Baikal". He determined the status of protected areas, the regime of the protection, the possibility of using the natural wealth of the region. Since part of the unique territory around Lake Baikal is part of China and Mongolia, there is a problem with the organization of the protection of the entire complex, due to the difficulties associated with the need to coordinate actions with overseas partners. Negatively affects the disunity of environmental services and bodies who supervise this area.
The main thing that needs to be done to protect Lake Baikal is to maintain a unique natural complex in its original purity, which is almost never found in the world. Sissing to have amazing places in the beauty of unique climatic, geological, biosphere and other conditions in which there can be wildlife. Some territories have to remain free from many types of economic activities due to their remoteness from civilization. They are in hard-to-reach areas where transport messages are often absent. Support the environmental protection and prevent the hunt for rare animals and birds, illegal fishing and the destruction of plants, should the forces of law and order authorities and the Hanroom service.

The uniqueness of Lake Baikal is his record depth, an unusual geographical position, the perfect purity of water and, of course, in his huge territory. Lake in Russia, in the east of Siberia and is the natural border of two regions of the Russian Federation. At a maximum depth of 1640 m, the Lake Baikal area is 31 thousand km 2. It exceeds the size of the territories of such states as Holland or Belgium. In the world ratings of the most extensive lakes it is located on the 6th place.
Lake Baikal Square in Asia center is 365 km long and no less than 80 kilometers wide. All this territory is surrounded by rows of mountain ranges and is located in a wide basin. It would be able to fit water from 92 seas, such as Azov. It contains almost 20% of the global fresh water stock.
Among the coastal territories there are numerous hills. In the west of the coast, rocky and climbing, and on the east coast the relief is not so cool. In some places, mountain ranges are from the shore at a distance of tens of kilometers.
Baikal did not comply with the fate of other ancient lakes, and he did not turn into a swamp. On the contrary, every year its area is only increasing, and scientists predict that the area of \u200b\u200bLake Baikal expand to gigantic sizes and becomes the new ocean.

The nature of Lake Baikal is amazing and unusual. There is no such variety of animal and plant world on the planet anywhere. In these parts there are rare copies of flora and fauna.

Vegetable world

Find a little on earth places that can cause so many surprise and delight as the Baikal region. Currently, science distinguishes about 1 thousand different types of plants that grow in the vicinity of this wonderful lake. Most of them are endemic. This means that they grow only in these parts. A variety of natural conditions and a multi-million history of these territories remained the local ecosystem in primeval form. They determined the emergence of this magnificent nature reserve, where many relict plants are preserved, which have long disappeared in other corners of our planet.
Pines, spruce, fir and cedars are located on the shores - traditional Siberian trees, and only the southern bank of the lake is decorated with blue firs. The origin of this species still remains a mystery. Olkhon Island is located in the middle of Baikal and has relict thickets. These are mainly a fry, which retains its original view from the Paleolithic itself. In the west of the lake there is a tundrostepse, with relict plants, preserved since the end of the ice age. The combination of special plants tundra with steppe species nowhere on the planet is no longer found.
The nature of Lake Baikal pleases a bright green carpet of herbs and colors covered with forest slopes, where you can often find rare berries and fragrant rods.

Animal world

Scientists believe that the fauna of the deepest lake is ancient, and consists of a large number of different animals, including very rare. More than 2.5 thousand species of animals live here, more than half of which are endemic. First of all, it is worth noting microscopic raffs, called an endemic episircut, which are a biological filter. Their presence is one of the main factors affecting the crystal purity of the lake water.
In the deepest lake, 54 species of fish live, and 15 of them are considered commercial. The most famous of them is Omul. He lives about 25 years old. It should be noted amazing, almost transparent fish, called Golomanka. She gives birth to live larvae. In this way, no fish in the world does not multiply.
It dwells the nerve - the only seal that lives in reservoirs with fresh water. Also in the lake there are a lot of sturgeon, lumps, sings, tiemen.
In forest areas, and on the hits of Baikalia is a wide variety of animals and birds. In the forests there are a large number of marals, cunits, sables. In the mountain areas are rams, and in the steppes of Surki and Susliki. A huge amount of ducks settle in these edges. Seagulls and cormorants nest here. Less often meet geese, herons, swans, Gagars. Orlov here has 7 species.
The nature of Lake Baikal is diverse and unique. It is necessary to make every effort to keep this rare edge for descendants.

Some are interested in the question of which lake is the largest in the world. And as not strange, this, which despite its name, is the largest lake around the world. This reservoir disconnects the land of Europe and Asia.

What is special in it?

The lake does not have any course, but it is customary to call it by the sea. The presence of the second name of the reservoir is caused by the following factors:

• dimensions
• depth
• features of the bed

After the formation of the largest lake in the world, numerous studies were conducted, thanks to which it turned out to find out basic information and understand what is a reservoir, which important differences have.
The Caspian Sea is a lake, the form of which resembles the Latin letter S. The surface area of \u200b\u200bthe reservoir is 371 thousand square meters, width - four hundred fifteen thousand square meters. Such dimensions lead to the fact that many countries bordered with the Caspian Sea.
An important advantage of the reservoir is an amazingly rich underwater world, and its many inhabitants have acquired resistance to constant changes in the reservoir.
The reservoir includes several bays. At the same time, the largest Kara-Bogaz-Gol (the statement took place in 1980 with the help of a deep dam, and four years after an important event, the result was fixed by a water pipeline).
In addition, the lake includes the following large bays:

• Komsomolets
• Turkmen
• Mangyschlaksky
• Kazakh
• Krasnovodsky
• Agrac
• Kizlylar

The Caspian Waterser includes 50 islands that differ in size. At the same time, some of the islands have an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 350 square meters. Some are combined into island archipelagoes, known as Apsheron and Baku.
The Caspian Sea appeared due to the oceanic processes. This proves the features of the bed, which consists of the earth's crust of the oceanic type. At the same time, the process of creation refers to distant times, because the age of the lake is already 13,000,000 years. It was then that the Alps mountains appeared, which separated the Sarmatian and Mediterranean Sea from each other. For a long period, the Akchagyl Sea existed. But after that, numerous reservoir transformations began:
1. The Pontic Sea is dry, with the result that only the Balakhan Lake (southern Caspiani) remains from it;
2. Akchagyl Sea has turned into Apsheron;
The main changes related to the reservoir occurred approximately 17,000 - 13 100 years ago. At the same time, the changes were due to trangression.
Currently, after numerous transformations, there is the Caspian Sea, which is actually a lake.
Such changes led to the need for a thorough study of the region. As it turned out, the southern coast includes numerous caves. At the same time, scientists note that in these parts approximately 75,000 years ago people lived.
The first mention of the water branch and the Massagenet tribe, which inhabited the region, can be found from Herodot. At the same time, it was found that other tribes lived in the region: Saki, Talysh.
Handwritten documents suggest that Russians made swimming operations to the Caspian Sea with the IX - X centuries. The presence of such formal information indicates that the lake from the very beginning attracts increased attention.

- This is the biggest lake on the planet Earth. A distinctive feature of the pond is the instability of the hydrological regime, which is due to specific influences:

• climatic
• geological
• hydrological

Special processes that gradually change the lake flow on the territory of the Caspian Basin. Scientists note that the water balance is changing quite often, and the changes occur at various periods of time (dozens, hundreds, thousands of years).
Changes include:

• level with maximum value
• temperature mode

At the same time, researchers describe the current state of the Caspian Sea, allowing the inhabitants of the planet to understand what the largest lake in the world differs from many other reservoirs.

Water temperature

Temperature mode fluctuates in the following ranges:

• Winter. In the southern part - +10 - +13 degrees Celsius, in the northern part - below 0 degrees Celsius
• Summer. In this season, the temperature may increase to +25 - +28 degrees Celsius

At depth, the water temperature is about +5 degrees Celsius.
In fact, the water temperature is exposed to significant latitudinal changes, which, first of all, appear in the cold season. The difference is about +10 degrees, which is an essential indicator. In fact, these indicators do not become exemplary: shallow regions where the depth is less than 25 meters, the annual difference can achieve even twenty-five degrees Celsius.
At the same time, you can mark the average difference indicators:
The west coast is usually warmer to a couple of Celsius than east;
Open and closed parts are also different in their temperature regime. At the same time, external influences lead to warming to four degrees Celsius.
Researchers note that over time, the temperature of the reservoir may vary.

Caspian Sea Basin Climate Features

The climate of the region in which the Caspian Sea is located, captures at once 3 directions, which causes a significant difference in temperature mode at different times of the year.
In winter, the air temperature changes from minus 8 degrees Celsius in the north to plus 10 degrees Celsius in the south. Thus, the maximum difference can reach 22 degrees.
At the same time, in the summer, the temperature ranges from +24 to +27 degrees Celsius, as a result of which the difference in tens is excluded. In the entire history of observations, the maximum air temperature in +44 degrees was noted, and this important event took place on the east coast.
A year, there are 200 millimeters of precipitation on average, but indicators for different parts of the region vary significantly:
The eastern part is always distinguished by dry weather. As a result, the figure does not exceed millimeters;
The south-western region boasts 1,700 millimeters.
It should be noted that water can evaporate from the surface of the lake. This has a positive effect on the climate of the region. Successful evaporation of water guarantees the right water circulation, resulting in strong races of humidity levels.
The average annual wind speed in the region ranges from three to seven meters per second. At the same time, the prevailing are the northern direction. It should be noted that in the cold months of the year, the winds of the winds sometimes reach forty meters per second.
The windy territories are traditionally considered:

• Absheron Peninsula
• Makhachkala
• Derbent

It is on this territory that the highest windiness rates can be registered. The facilities of the climate of the region are largely due to the influence of the Caspian Sea.

Flow

The North Caspian plays the most important role in the formation of the climate of the region. In this case, the main direction of the flow occurs from the northern side of the reservoir.

Saltness of water

The salinity is from 0.3% (the minimum indicator). This characteristic is fixed next to the mouth of the Volga. Salinity indicator suggests that the Northern Caspian is a crushed sea pool. At the same time, in the south-east, the salinity indicator reaches 13%. The maximum indicator is fixed in the Gulf of Kara-Bogaz-Goal, where it already reaches 300%.

Lake Relief

The Caspian Sea has a specific land relief that is divided into three varieties:
Shelf;
Mainland slope;
Deep-sea depressions.
How did all the above-mentioned relief types distributed?
The shelf begins from the coastline and stretches to a depth of 100 meters. At the same time, the larger slope begins below its border, the depth of which, depending on the region of the lake, is from 500 to 750 meters;
The coast is distinguished by low relief. At the same time, the shores have canopy and rugged places;
The average Caspian includes mountainous shore, which practically does not have a rugged shape;
The eastern part is sublime;
South Caspian has mountainous places. In this case, the coastline is characterized by greater stencil.
The Caspian Sea and its relief belong to the zone of increased seismicity. It should be noted that in the region in which the lake is located, mud volcanoes are often erupted in the southern point of the reservoir.

Characteristics of the water branch

Historians and scientists suggest that the area and water volume can change significantly. Both factors have a serious impact on fluctuations in water levels.
What examples can be brought? For example, with an increase in the reservoir, it may have to 78 and a half thousand cubic kilometers. Moreover, in this case, the volume indicator reaches about 44% of all stocks of lake water.
Maximum depth is 1025 meters. This indicator was recorded in the South Caspian depression. It should be noted that the Caspian Sea ranks third in depth. The leader is Baikal with an indicator of 1620 meters, as well as Tanganic with 1435 meters. It is important to note that the northern part is a shallow water reservoir, because the maximum depth never exceeds twenty-five meters.

Water oscillation in the reservoir

Historical studies confirm that the water level in the lake can essentially fluctuate. At the same time, scientists and historians fix the features of changes in the water level.
During the entire history of the reservoir, frequent changes of its characteristics are noted. It should be noted that the largest indicators regarding the height of water were noted in the Middle Ages. Despite this, the process is continuous, the tendency to decrease and increase the water level in the lake constantly replaces each other, which indicates circulation and maintaining water balance. Any fixed indicator cannot be final.
Measurements are carried out on a regular basis since 1837, and researchers use special tools for regular checks. Scientists noted that the tendency to decrease - the rise in the general level of water has changed many times, and these changes occurred at different intervals.
Serious oscillations are due to a whole chain of factors that are divided into the following directions. Researchers note that in the future fluctuations in the water of the Caspian Sea should be preserved, but the preservation of the reservoir is guaranteed.

Water Balance Cycles Features

Surface flows determine complex cyclones that replace each other. Essential differences are marked in each part of the Caspian Sea. It should be noted that the lake refers to restless reservoirs. For example, changes in atmospheric pressure and direction, wind speed always lead to fluctuations in water level. The variables in the shallow part of the reservoir are most clearly manifested, because the hill during stormy weather can reach even four meters.
The instability of the lake leads to the fact that the climate picture is also subjected to serious changes.
The water balance is always determined by the peculiarities of the flow and atmospheric influences, the volume of evaporating fluid from the surface of the water branch. At the same time, the Bay of Kara-Bog-goals belongs to the consumables of the reservoir. The most important role is played by the stock Volga, which refers to the parish part. The stock Volga can reach about 80% of the inflow of river water for the formation of the Caspian Sea.

The composition of water

The Caspian Sea is characterized by a closed structure and a unique composition. At the same time, serious differences in proportions are noted for water areas that are under the influence of mainland.
Continuous fluctuations in water and changes in the water balance do not allow the level of chlorides to rise.
At the same time, a regular increase in the following components is envisaged:

• Carbonates
• Calcium
• Sulfates

The three components are occupied by an important place in any river waters. The composition of water also changes under the influence of complex cyclic factors.

The biggest lake is customary called the Caspian Sea and many are interested in the question: where is the biggest lake in the world? This reservoir is located in parts of the world, where Europe and Asia are docked. Thus, the lake belongs to Eurasia.
The water area is divided into three large parts that have the peculiarities of the climatic region, the unique characteristics of the reservoir and its water balance:

• Northern Caspian takes 25% of the territory
• Medium Caspian has 36%
• South Caspian has 39% of the entire installed area

It is important to note that the reservoir is distinguished by serious depth oscillations. For example, it accounts for up to 22 meters to the northern part, and to the south - up to 1025 meters. Moreover, the depth is less than one meter is fixed in 20% of the Northern Caspian. Despite such oscillations, the Caspian still takes the third position in the world in depth.
The large sizes of the Caspian Sea determine that as many as five countries belonging to Eurasia are in contact with the lakes:

• Russia
• Azerbaijan
• Kazakhstan
• Turkmenistan

This information prove that the lake actually occupies an important place on the world map.
Pool of Caspiana
The Caspian Pool included four more states: Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, Uzbekistan. Each country has a direct approach to the Caspian Sea.
The pool includes more than one hundred thirty rivers, and the largest Volga is. It was the Volga River that connects the Caspian Sea and the World Ocean. The Volga and all its river tributaries are governed by active reservoirs, which are formed by hydroelectric hydroelectrics.
The Caspian pool also includes additional rivers that guarantee the maintenance of the water balance of the largest lake in the world. At the same time, the most important is the Volga, which flows through the territory of Europe.
It should be noted that the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea cannot already boast a developed hydrographic network. The Emba and Ural Rivers fall on the territory of Kazakhstan. In Turkmenistan, there is one watercourse, which is non-permanent, but it still needs to be noted: the Atrek River. Iran is distinguished by the relationship of the Caspian Sea and several rivers. Despite the fact that relations still exist in the eastern direction, their total length is significantly less.

Caspian Sea City

The largest port city, located in the Caspian Sea, is the capital of Azerbaijan, Baku. The city is located in the south of the Absheron Peninsula. It should be noted that in 2010 2,500,000 people lived in Baku.
The following large cities are also associated with the Caspian Sea:
Sumgait, Lankaran (Azerbaijan);
Turkmenbashi (Turkmenistan);
Aktau, Atyrau (Kazakhstan);
Caspian, Makhachkala, Astrakhan (Russia).
Such a geographical position, and accordingly, a relationship with rivers, countries and cities, indicates that the Caspian Sea is actually the largest lake in the world.
Features of the development of the Caspian Sea
The economic development of the Caspian Sea is interested in society for a long time. This is evidenced by historical information. Currently, people managed to achieve good results.

Features of history

For the first time, the reservoir studies began in 285 to our era. At the same time, the relevant activities carried out the Greeks. After the first attempt, the work was postponed for a long time.
Nowadays, they began to try to try, thanks to Peter Great, who organized an expedition in 1714 for almost a whole year. Then the hydrographic studies were carried out in the 1720s with the help of Russian and foreign researchers.
At the beginning of the XIX century, it was already possible for instrumental survey, due to which it was possible to carefully analyze the peculiarities of the geography of the reservoir and the region.
In 1866, 50-year-old studies started. The main task was the desire to enrich knowledge relative to hydrobiology and hydrology.
The most active studies began from the late 1890s. At the same time, Soviet geologists put the maximum efforts in order to understand the peculiarities of the fluctuations in the reservoir level, study the water balance and find oil.
Numerous expeditions allowed to start using the Caspian Sea for the benefit of the entire global society.

Results of development

How can the Caspian Sea be used for the benefit of the people?
Gas and oil mining. On the territory of the Caspian Sea, numerous deposits have a special purpose. To date, oil and gas pipeline resources are about twenty billion tons, and half of this volume falls on oil. The extraction of valuable fossils is conducted from the 1820s, but only in the second half of the XIX century has managed to enter the industrial level.
The Caspian shelf, which is included in the water pool, is used in order to mining salt, stone, sand, clay, limestone.
The developed network allows the use of the Caspian Sea for shipping.
The lake has a rich water world. It is used to actively develop fisheries. It should be noted that more than 90% of sturgeon can be filtered in this region. To date, fisheries are successfully developed, the extraction of valuable caviar. At the same time, the fishery of the seal is also developing rapid pace.
Recreational resources are another advantage associated with the Caspian region. Special water composition and unique balance, useful climate makes it possible to successfully develop a number of resorts, but the economic, political and religious features of the eastern states do not allow themselves to use the recreational resources of the Caspian region, due to the unique characteristics of the sea-lake.
The Caspian Sea is the largest and most important lake in the world, which justifies its position and increased attention to yourself.

Top 10 deepest world lakes

If you have not yet known which lake is the deepest in the world and where the deepest lake is located in the world, then you should familiarize yourself with the top 10. Baikal is a lake legend. It is written in various sources, the travelers and researchers are extremely loved by reservoir. Every year on Baikal make amazing discoveries, carry out expeditions, are studying. This lake owns an impressive number of different world records.
The deepest lake is considered one of the most ancient on the planet, as well as it is the most in-depth in the world. On average, the depth is 730 meters, and the maximum mark is equal to 1637 meters. Since 1996, Baikal is located in the UNESCO list as a World Heritage.
Regarding the origin of the lake argue today. Scientists have never come to a single opinion regarding reservoir age, which is estimated at about 25-35 million years. That is why Baikal is considered a unique reservoir, because other ice lakes "live" an average of 10-15 thousand years old, he gradually harsh.
A distinctive feature of the deepest lake of the world is called the fact that it contains about 19% of world stocks of fresh water. This is an impressive amount, which is not in any other reservoir of the world. Attracts the attention and transparency of the lake. Inhabitants or various items can be seen at a depth of 40 meters. In this case, the water contains a minimum amount of mineral salts, an average value reaches 100 mg per liter. All this makes it possible to use Baikal's water as distilled.
In total, there are about 2630 species of the inhabitants of both plants and animals. At the same time, most of them are endemics. In other words, you can only meet them here. The abundance of living organisms can be explained by the impressive content of oxygen in the thickness of water. Among all the animals, the Golomyanka is distinguished. This fish contains less than 30% fat. The surprising inhabitant also becomes an episyashura crust, which here contains over 300 species. Among the mammals, the seal will be allocated, which is called the Baikal nerve.
Interestingly, water reserves in Baikal are so impressive that they could provide all residents of the world over long 40 years. Scientists and today are engaged in the research of the Baikal ice, which pays a lot of riddles. A distinctive feature becomes an extraordinary form. It can be found exclusively on Baikal. If you see the lake from the space, you can notice the dark rings in the pictures. Their origin is currently not known, although scientists build a lot of guess. Answering the question of which lake is the deepest in the world, there is no doubt that it is Baikal.

All the deepest lakes of the world are of interest, and Tanganyika is a special lake that has a personal status in Africa. Its location is known to local residents of the whole mainland. A distinctive feature of Lake Tanganic becomes amazing fauna and flora, as well as impressive dimensions. The water of the lakes are located in an East African fault, which is a narrow valley with an impressive length. The sickle form and proximity to the mountains make the territory of surprisingly picturesque.
Lake Tanganyka nourishes the Great River Congo. It is carried out through the Lukuga River. However, Tanganyka does not apply to the Congo basin. Lake owns one of the world records as the longest freshwater reservoir. At the same time, it is over the sea at a height of 773 meters. The total length reaches 673 kilometers, and the width is in a largest place - 72 kilometers. The depth of the reservoir is quite impressive and is 1470 meters, which makes the lake second in the world in depth. In the entire reservoir, the average depth reaches 570 meters.
The volume of water in Lake Tanganyik is 18.9 thousand cubic meters, which also displays the lake to the second place of the world ranking. The total area exceeds 32 thousand kilometers square. The coastline has an impressive length and is 1828 kilometers. The reservoir pool also includes streams and rivers. In general, Tanganic Lake is often referred to as the "African Pearl", because it owns a huge number of world records.
It is surrounded from different sides to four countries. This is Zambia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Tanzania. Communication with the Atlantic Ocean is also available by the Congo and Lukuga rivers. Interestingly, Tanganyka has an impressive age of 10-12 million years. For the entire impressive period of history, the lake did not disappear. As a result, an unusual underwater world was formed, similar to which there is not in any corner of the planet.
There is no full turnover of water in the lake, the cause becomes an impressive depth, as well as the absence of bottom currents. As a result, a high amount of hydrogen sulfide is concentrated in the lower layers of water. Already at a depth of 200 meters, the so-called "dead zone" begins. There is no life in mind the absence of oxygen. The surface of the water has an impressive variety of fish species. In particular, a lot of cichlid here. They are present in the amount of 250 species, among which about 98% live exclusively in this lake.

Answering the question of which lake is the largest in the world or where is the largest lake in the world, you will be somewhat surprised. The Caspian Sea is an unusual reservoir with a non-standard name. In fact, this sea has no connection to the ocean, it is at a considerable distance from it. In the north and east, the sea borders with a desert terrain, southern shore is presented with lowlands, and the West-Mountain Ranges of the Grand Caucasus. From all sides, the water was surrounded by land, so it is called "sea lake".
A distinctive feature becomes different terrain. In the northern part there is a shallow water, in the central and southern - depressions and underwater threshold. An interesting feature can be called the fact that the Caspian Sea is located not in the same climatic belt. The northern part of the sea is represented by a continental climate, Western - moderate, oriental - deserted, southwestern - subtropical wet.
Such a climatic feature leads to the fact that the sea "behaves" in different ways to the various seasons. In winter, strong winds are dominated here and low temperatures reaching in the air maximum 8-10 degrees below zero. In the spring time, North-Western winds reign here. In summer, air masses are circulated slightly, the wind can be intensified near the coast. Temperatures in summer can maximize up to 27-28 degrees above zero. It can be concluded that winter in the Caspian Sea is cold and windy, and summer is windy and roast.
The volume of river flow is significantly different throughout the year. It reaches the maximum indicators in the spring, as well as early summer. Spring floods can be observed. To date, water resources of the lake are actively used by people, reservoirs are built, hydroelectric power plants. All this led to the fact that the water level in the Caspian Sea today fell somewhat.
The main nutrition of the lake is river. Among the rivers, who fall into the Caspian Sea, distinguish the Urals, Volga and Terek. It is these three rivers bring about 90% of the river flow. About 9% of rivers falls from the western side and only 1% of the rivers of the Iranian coast. In the lake there are tidal waves, which are significantly noticeable especially in November and December. It is during this period of time that the sea level may increase by an average of 2-3 meters. In the summer, the sea level is practically not changed.
There is an impressive number of fish species. As a result, fishing and fisheries are actively developing here. In particular, a lot of sturgeon fish, as well as in the Caspian Sea recently discovered oil.

San Martin - The reservoir, which is located in the state of Santa Cruz in Argentina. San Martin, like other deepest lakes of the world, is striking by their impressive dimensions, which makes it one of the largest in the world. On the continent of South America, it is also the deepest. The lake is occupied by the territory between Chile and Argentina, located right on the border. Interestingly, the reservoir also has another name for its Argentine part. He was given the "name" in honor of José de San Martin, who is a national hero.
The area of \u200b\u200bthe reservoir reaches 1010 meters square, and the maximum depth is 836 meters. The shape of the lake is uneven and "ribbon", it is additionally represented by eight-sleeves. The main influx becomes the Mayer River, fall into Lake San Martin and Chico glaciers, O'Higgins, and there are also small streams. Outside the Paskua River flows from the reservoir.
Around the lake there are picturesque types of pamps, and also affect snow vertices. It is characterized by the wealth of flora and fauna of the terrain, especially many species of birds and animals. There is a huge number of trout here, so sporty fishing competitions are often organized. Lake San Martin is an amazing clean, water in it can change its shade from green to deep blue.
Nearby there is a town El Calten, who is referred to as the tourist center of the region. Everything is arranged here so that travelers can comfortably relax and inspect the lake. In the town there are information centers, travel agencies, souvenir shops, as well as hotels in camping. Additionally, it is possible to choose a walking tour on the coast of San Martin. Water trips are also offered, extreme travels for snow vertices nearby Andes.
There are on the coast of Lake San Martin and full attractions. These include a luxurious estate Naples-Uaui. Guests of the lake can pay time to explore the territory of the estate. For this, horseback tours are offered, which give an incredible pleasure from the trip.
Lake San Martin reaches 1058 kilometers square. The reservoir is above the sea level, at an altitude of 250 meters. The coastline is sufficiently impressive and reaches 525 kilometers in length. The lake is considered the deepest in America. Here you can always celebrate tourists and locals, photographers and artists who come here to admire the painting and luxurious types of territory.

One of the largest African reservoirs and the deepest lakes of the world is called Nyas. It is located in East Africa in a large rift valley. The length of the lake reaches 560 kilometers, and in the width it can make up 80 kilometers as much as possible. The depth is quite impressive and reaches 704 meters. This allows you to bring the lake of Nyas to the fifth place in the world ranking of the deepest reservoirs. Opened with a reservoir was in the 1616th year of travelers Bucarru from Portugal.
The name of the reservoir is quite standard. It was chosen in the language of Yao, and in translation it means "lake". Nyasa is located on the territory of several countries at once - Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, occupying their borders. A distinctive feature becomes the relief of the coast, which is represented by spatial beaches and ripples. Special expanses have plains from the north-western part of the lake of Nyas, where the plains are striking with their painting.
In the same place in the lake flows the Songwe River. In addition, the reservoir feeds 14 rivers, among which Boua, Rukhuhu, Lilongwe, Rukuru. The only river that follows from the reservoir becomes a river with a sonorous name wider. Water of the lake of Nyasa has a different temperature, ranging from warm, finishing cool. The lake is striking the rich fauna, so they are actively engaged in fishing. In total, it gives about 4% of Malawi GDP. In Nyas, there is a huge number of different types of fish, as well as crocodiles, orlans-clikuna. All this emphasizes the originality of the lake. Crocodiles and orlans-clikuna are hunting for fish.
Lake Nyasa - the attraction of natural type, which amazes painting and originality. This is how it attracts attention from travelers from around the world. The reservoir itself takes the third place in Africa and is among the top five in the world. Today shipping is developed here, among the main ports, Caronga, Chipoka, Monki Bay, Nkota-Cat, Bandava, Move, Methangul are distinguished.
The pool of Lake Nyasa has little populated. The main part of people live near the southern coast of Nyasa. The Western and North Coast has a very rare population with low economic activity. A hydroelectric power station is located on the flowing river. It becomes the main source of electricity. Very often, the country's energy suffers because of the inconstancy of the lake. The greatest drawback was observed in 1997, when the lake level was the lowest.

Kyrgyzstan - A surprisingly picturesque country, which is replete with luxurious territories. Especially attracts the attention of Lake Issyk-Kul. This reservoir is considered one of the most ambitious in the world. Interestingly, on the transparency of water, this reservoir is in the second position of the world ranking, giving way exclusively to Baikal. Issyk-Kul is considered to be a pearl of both Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia. Lake Salt and soft winters do not give the water to freeze even in winter. A distinctive feature becomes amazing surrounding beauty that attracts the attention of tourists from all over the world.
Lake Issyk-Kul is located in the northern Tien Shan, occupying the territory between the two ridges. Their maximum height is 5,200 meters in height. On their slopes from the north side of fir forests, and with southern - steppe vegetation. The lake is powered by rivers, which are a total of about 80 pieces. Among the mains, Zhuuk, Zhyr-Galan, TJU, Ak-Terek, Tong and some others are distinguished. Most rivers are powered by glaciers.
Interestingly, the appearance of the river looks unexpectedly from space. This is affirmed by the cosmonauts themselves. Along with the Great Chinese Wall, and Heops's Pyramids allocate Lake Issyk-Kul. From space on such an impressive height, it resembles a human eye.
From the reservoir does not follow a single river. This leads to the fact that the water in the river is salted, since minerals are assembled. However, in their salinity, the water is significantly inferior to seawater on average at five and a half times. However, the type of mineralization is considered sufficiently valuable, which refers to the chloride sulphate-sodium-magnesium form.
Water is permeated with oxygen, which makes it easy and transparent. She is extremely reminiscent of ocean or sea. Many different legends are connected with this lake. One of them says that the ruins of an ancient city are located on the bottom of the reservoir, which was distinguished by a great appearance. Water color is indisputable. It can change shades from gently blue to dark blue.
Lake Issyk-Kul has an impressive story. The first mention refers to the chronicles of the second century to our era. In them, the reservoir refers to the same-high, that in the translation from the Chinese indicates the "warm sea". Most likely, this name was given due to the fact that the lake does not freeze. Scientific study of the flora and fauna of the reservoir, as well as the composition of the water began in the 19th century. Many scientists are so interested in the nature of this place that they bequeathed to bury themselves on his coast.

Large slave lake is an amazing reservoir that strikes with expanses and painting. The name of the slave has an unknown origin and most specialists leaning towards the fact that it was not accidentally given. The reservoir itself is located on the territory of Canada and in its dimensions it can easily compete with the largest lakes of the world, including great American lakes.
The depth of a large slave lake is about 614 meters. For the North American continent, this indicator is considered to be maximum. In the world ranking, the seventh place occupies a reservoir. At the slave lake in the summer, shipping is organized, and in the winter it is under ice. He is so strong that cars can safely ride cars. The road to frozen ice until recently was the only one until they built a full highway.
Large slave lake is completely covered with ice seven or eight months a year, starting from November, ending with June. Interestingly, the lake itself appeared during the global cooling. Most of the year it reminds of this time. A distinctive feature becomes painting an surrounding area, which attracts the attention of tourists. The shores are decorated with tundra dense forests. Effectively look the raging streams of water, which can be seen between the rocks.
The gold kits usually attract the northern shores of water bodies. Here will be interested in adventure lovers who dream of learn about the formation of the city of Yellowunaph. He arose during the gold fever. Before that, on the coast of the lake, the Indians lived exclusively, namely, the Slayavy tribe. Interestingly, the name of the tribe translated into Russian denotes the "slave" or "slave".
It was from this tribe that the name of the lake appeared, according to most researchers. However, after a long study of this fact, it was found that the Slai tribe had nothing to do with slaves. Representatives of the tribe are bold, brave and strong people. To date, the composition of the tribe is about ten thousand people. All of them live on the coast of this reservoir.
In length, a large slave lake reaches 480 kilometers, and in the width of the water reaches from 19 to 225 kilometers. Several rivers fall into the lake, in particular the slave, Snowup, Hay, Tsonon, Yellowuna. Only one river flows from the lake - this is McCenzi. In area, water reaches 28.5 thousand kilometers square with a volume of over 1500 cubic meters.

- One of the most amazing natural objects of the world. The formation of this reservoir occurred after the eruption of the volcano Mount Mazam. It happened over seven thousand years ago. A distinctive feature of the lake is becoming a deep blue tint and an incredible beauty of the surrounding landscape. This place is considered one of the most picturesque in the world. Not every lake causes such a storm of emotions as a crate.
The depth of the lake Creuter reaches 594 meters. This explains his saturated dark blue tint. Attracts the purity of the surrounding area, its environmental friendliness. Here you can often find tourists who come to admire beauty. You can also see photographers and artists who try to capture painting.
The history of the lake began about twelve thousand years ago. It was then that for the first time people began to live here, who saw the eruption of the volcano. As a result, Lake Creuter appeared. It was not long enough for Europeans. I found it for the first time John Fremont, who conducted an expedition of 1843-1846. Gradually, the lake began to explore, they found a lake here. It has repeatedly changed its name. Modern was fixed only by the 1869th year.
Many researchers are wondering why the water turned out on top of the mountain. Most experts tend to believe that this happened over the centuries. It happened gradually by filling the lake with snow and rain. The lake is a cup of volcano.
Interestingly, the lake has many different attractions. One of them is a ghost ship. This is an island that reaches 48 meters in height. It is formed from the Lava Volcano and reminds the ship by its silhouette. Another attraction is the peak of Halman. This is a volcanic cone whose age exceeds 70 thousand years. He was named so in honor of the researcher who first discovered this lake.
It is also worth highlighting the island of a sorcerer located on the island. His name is given to him in honor of the magician hat, which he reminds himself. It is extremely beautiful and reaches 233 meters in height. The isochors of the peaks of the pinels, which have become a consequence of volcanic gases and erosion. Lake Creuter today is part of the park. Everything has been created here for the convenience of tourists to provide them with a comfortable inspection of the pictorial territory.

Lakes are extremely important for our planet, as they contain an impressive amount of fresh water. One of the interesting and attracting attention is called Lake Buenos Aires and Matano. Matano - Lake, located in Indonesia. In their own country, it is an important source of fresh water. The lake is located in the south of the island of Sulawesi. The area of \u200b\u200bthe reservoir is impressive and reaches 164 kilometers square, and the depth of 590 meters.
A distinctive feature of Lake Buenos Aires and Matano, you can call the crystal purity of water. Those who here visited say that you can easily see everything that happens at a depth of 20-25 meters. An interesting feature is called a unique flora. It is here that the impressive number of fish is found, the ancestors of which they floated here a few thousand few years ago.
Attracts the painting of the territory around the lake. It is represented by mountains and tropical forests. For the convenience of holidaymakers, beaches with snow-white sand are organized here. Also on the lake is invited to do diving. There is a huge number of divers who dream of admiring the beauty of the underwater world. An extraordinary line of Matano can be called the presence of two levels of water thickness. The first has a high percentage of oxygen content, and in the second there are no sulfates, there is iron in excess. This composition, many scientists compare with oceanic, which is quite atypically for the lakes.
Lake Buenos Aires and Matano placed on the border of Chile and Argentina. It has the same depth as Matano, reaching 590 meters. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe reservoir is 1850 kilometers square. The origin and nutrition of the lake glacial, and it is located directly in the Patagonian Andes. On the territory of South America, Buenos Aires is considered to be the deepest reservoir, and in the world ranking it occupies a ninth position.
The main feature is excellent ecology and crystal purity water. Also, Lake Buenos Aires and Matano, noteworthy the presence of marble caves. They have a surprisingly beautiful view that attracts tourists from all over the world. The color of water, which consists of the shades of turquoise and emerald looks interesting.
Close to the lake is an impressive number of cities and towns. This is connected with an excellent climate and painting territory. Here often make up the excursion so that tourists have the opportunity to admire the magnificent appearance of marble caves. You can see beauty only live, as the photos are not able to pass it.

- an amazing reservoir that attracts attention. It has not yet been studied completely, so the official parameters are not installed. To date, it is believed that the depth of the lake reaches 514 meters, but this is not an accurate indicator. However, he allows HornindaltsVatnets to be the deepest lake of both Norway and all of Europe. In the world ranking, the lake occupies a tenth position.
In the 90s of the 20th century, Telenor was engaged in studying the lake. Previously, it was the official telephone company of the country. Telenor planned to lay fiber directly along the bottom of Lake Hornindaltsvat. At that moment, the depth of 612 meters was declared. If this indicator is confirmed officially, the lake will take the seventh position in the world ranking.
Other outstanding characteristics of Lake Hornindalsvatnet does not have. Its volume of water reaches 12 cubic meters with a total surface area of \u200b\u200b50 square meters. This is quite modest dimensions even for Norway. In the country, the lake occupies its volume and area of \u200b\u200bthe lake.
Interest causes the location of the lake. It is located in the Norwegian province in the west of Norway. This is the coast of the Atlantic in Fühlka Sogh-Ok Fjordan. Hornindaltsvatnets is above sea at an altitude of 53 meters, and Hornindal is located on his shore. This is the administrative center of the commune. The town is quite small and has only a few hotels.
A distinctive feature of the lake becomes crystal clear water. On the territory of all Scandinavia, it is Lake Hornindalsvatnets is considered the purest lake. It is explained by the fact that the power of the reservoir is not associated with rivers. The main power source is glaciers. Everyone can go fishing here, because the fauna of the reservoir is really unique. You can find enough rare varieties of fish that are not found in other reservoirs of Norway. At the same time, their fishery is not prohibited.
Noteworthy and landscape, which is characterized by beauty and painting. Many consider this place to be a pearl of the country, so often excursions are organized here. Also on the lake every year in the middle of the summer, a marathon is carried out in which an impressive number of people takes part. This is the race to an impressive distance, reaching 42 kilometers and 195 meters. If you wish, you can simply relax, swim and sunbathe on the beach. You can try your strength and in rowing sports, which is developed on Hornindaltsvat.

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Lakes are the natural reservoirs that store 67.4% of all freshwater of the Earth in the deepens of sushi. The size and depth of the lakes can be very different, and some of them are significantly superior to many seas in these indicators.

This review presents ten deeper lakes in the world.

10th place: - Lake of tectonic origin, located in the south of the Indonesian Island of Sulawesi. Its depth is 590 meters. Matano is the deepest lake of Indonesia. Lake Matano is an important source of fresh water in Indonesia, famous for its crystal clear waters, in which many rare species of plants, fish and crustaceans live. On his shores are the deposits of nickel ore. Matano takes his source the Patee River, which, passing through the waterfall, flows into the lake of the mahalon.

9-seat: - Crater lake, which has a depth of 594 meters. Creteter - the deepest US lake And the second in depth in North America. This lake is the main attraction of the National Park of the same name located in Oregon. Lake Creuter was formed in a deep volcanic hood (caldera) more than 7 thousand years ago due to the destruction of the Mount Mazam volcano. Thanks to the melting of snow, water in the lake is distinguished by special purity and blue. Lake Creuter has an unusual landmark - a huge log called "Lozhny Older", more than a century floating in a reservoir in a vertical position. In 2005, the lake Kreuter was captured on the anniversary coin of the state of Oregon.

8th place: Large slave lake – the deepest Lake Canada and all of North America. Its maximum depth reaches 614 meters. Eight months a year, the surface of the lake is messed with ice, which in the winter period is so fat that can withstand a heavy truck. In the 1930s, gold was found here, which was the reason for the founding of the lake of the city of Yellowuna.

7th place: Issyk-Kul - This is a salt-free lake in the northern part of the Tien Shan Mountains in Kyrgyzstan. The maximum depth of this very deep lake of Central Asia is 702 meters. From the Kyrgyz language "Oysk Koyl" translates as a "hot lake". It received such a name due to the fact that its brasswater water does not freeze even in a walking winter. Issyk-Kul lake is associated with several interesting legends and stories. According to one of them, the ancient Armenian monastery with the relics of St. Matthew is kept in the lake. Another legend says that it is in this place the warriors of Tamerlane folded their famous pyramids from stones. In 2006, traces of ancient civilization were found at the bottom of the lake, which existed 2.5 thousand years ago.

6th place: Malawi (other name - Nyasa) - The most southernmost of the Lakes of the East African Rift Valley, located between Mozambique, Malawi and Tanzania. This is the second in depth of the lake in Africa - its maximum depth is 706 meters. In the tropical waters of Malawi is the largest species diversity of fish among all lakes of the Earth. Scientists came to the conclusion that over the past 100 thousand years, the depth of the lake has decreased by more than 100 meters. The causes of water losses are superficial evaporation (up to 80%) and the river is wider, resulting from the southern part of the lake.

5th place: San Martin (other name - O'Higgins) - Fjordo-like lake in Patagonia, located on the border of Argentina and Chile at an altitude of 250 meters above sea level. The area of \u200b\u200bthe lake is 1058 km², and the depth is 836 meters. it the deepest lake of South America. In Argentina, the lake is called San Martin, in Chile - O'Higgins. The lake is named after the National Heroes of Jose de San Martin from Argentina and Bernardo O'Higgins from Chile, who together fought for the freedom of South America. It is powered by a lake with the waters of the Mayer River and small glacially streams, and flows into the Paskua River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean. The unique feature of the lake is a milky blue shade of water, which arises due to particles of stone sediments entering the lake along with the thawed waters of glaciers and settling at its bottom.

4th place: Caspian Sea – the biggest on the planet is a lightweight lake With salty water, called the sea due to the fact that its base is the earth's ground for the oceanic type. Located between Europe and Asia, the lake washes the shores of five countries - Russia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. The maximum depth of the Caspian reaches 1025 meters, and its area is 371 thousand km². More than 130 rivers fall into the lake, the largest of them is the Volga. The Caspian Sea has a rich fauna - it has a Caspian seal, a lot of sturgeon, and some species of fish are found only here. This huge reservoir is a rich source of energy resources. To date, the total cost of oil and gas to the sea is 12 trillion. dollars.

3rd place: East – the deepest and largest of all treated lakes on Earthcovered with a strata ice of 4 kilometers. A unique reservoir is located in Antarctica, near the Russian Antarctic Station "East", in honor of which he received its name. The estimated maximum depth of the lake is more than 1,200 meters. The lake was open in 1996. In February 2012, Russian scientists reached the surface of the lake East, the drilling of the ice shell of which lasted 20 years. Lake studies can give a lot of useful information to the world, because the conditions in it are similar to those that existed many million years ago, besides there is an assumption that such lakes are on Jupiter satellites.

2nd place: Tanganyika - this is the deepest lake of Africa And the second in depth (1470 meters) in the world. It is also the first in length (673 km.) The world of the world, owned by the four countries - Tanzania, Congo, Burundi and Zambia. Lake is located in the deepest tectonic depressure of Africa. It was accidentally opened in 1858 by the British researchers by John Speak and Richard Burton, who discovered it in search of the source of the Nile. The lake is powered by several ducts, and only one river - Lukuga flows out of it. In Tanganic, crocodiles, hippo, many waterfowl, as well as many unique species of fish are found. After the magazine National Geographic was published a story about a 9-meter krokodile killer, which caused the death of several dozen people, Lake Tanganyika for a long time was the object of particular interest.

1st place: Baikal - this is the deepest lake of Russia, Eurasia and the whole worldachieved in a depth of 1642 meters. Located in the south of Eastern Siberia, the water is the largest natural reservoir of fresh water - it keeps in itself 20% of the overall stock of the surface of the planet. The volume of water in Baikal is greater than in all US lakes combined. Baikal is also known as the oldest lake on Earth, formed 25-35 million years ago, although usually lakes do not exist more than 15 thousand years. Baikal is a unique ecosystem, about 1,700 species of flora and fauna live here, while many of them are no longer found anywhere. The lake is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Incredible facts

Earth is still full of secrets despite the fact that many of them were revealed scientists and researchersfor many years.

On several unusual places created by people, but for the most part nature, you can find out here.

Immerse yourself in the depths of our planet and imagine how many not open secrets keep our planet.

The deepest well in the world (the deepest well in the USSR)

In the Murmansk region, in 1970, 10 kilometers of the west of the city of Polar, the Kola ultra-deep well-z-z, the depth of which is 12,622 meters, which makes it the deepest well in the world. The cost of drilling work is equal to the cost of the project on the flight to the moon. In 1989, the Guinness Book of Records registered a well as the deepest on earth. It was drilled in order to study the boundaries of the lithosphere of our planet.

The deepest metro

The station of the Kiev metro station "Arsenal" ("Arsenal") is the deepest in the world. It is located on the Sacredo-Brovar line and was opened on November 6, 1960. The English type station has a short average hall, and its depth is 105.5 meters.

The deepest ocean

The Pacific Ocean is not only the largest ocean area of \u200b\u200bour planet, but also the deepest.

The deepest gutter (the deepest place in the ocean, the deepest wpadina)

Marian chute (or Mariana Wpadina) is a oceanic deep-sea gutter. His name comes from the number of Mariana Islands. The deepest place of the depression is called "Challenger Deep" (Challenger Deep) and it goes deep into 11 035 meters.

The deepest lake in the world

Lake Baikal, which many residents of Russia call the sea is the lake of tectonic origin and is located in the southern part of Eastern Siberia. In addition, it is the deepest in the world of Lake - 1,642 meters, Baikal is also the largest natural reservoir of fresh water. Here is a unique variety of flora and fauna - more than 1,700 varieties of plants and animals, 2/3 of which are not found anywhere on the planet. In addition, the lake is considered the oldest on earth - its age is about 25 million years.

The deepest sea

The Philippine Sea, located near the Philippine Archipelago, has an average depth of 4,108 meters, and it is considered to be the deepest thanks to the Philippine groove, the deepest point of which is 10,540 meters.

The deepest river

The length of the Congo River is 4344-4700 kilometers, the pool area is 3,680,000 square kilometers, and the maximum depth of more than 230 meters, which makes it the deep in the world. It should also be noted that this is the second river on water on Earth after Amazon and the only major river that crosses the equator 2 times. Since in the lower current of the Congo begins to break through the south-Guinean elevation in a deep gorge, it forms Livingston's waterfalls, and it is here that the river reaches the biggest depths.

The deepest mine

At the moment, the most deep in the world can be called the Tau-Tone Shakht, which is 70 kilometers from Johannesburg (South Africa). The name of the mine can be translated from one and African languages \u200b\u200bas the "Great Lion". Gold is mined here, and while this field has a depth of about 4 km, but production is carried out at a depth of 2.3 to 3.595 kilometers.

The deepest cave

The cave of the Crubere-Voronene in Abkhazia can be called the deepest in the world (at least of the studied caves). The cave entrance is located at an altitude of about 2,256 meters in the Orto Balagan tract. It is worth noting that Georgian speleologists discovered Georgian speleologists in 1960. At the moment it is investigated to a depth of 95 meters.

About Baikal You can find entire volumes of information, both on the Internet and in various magazines and book publications. The lake is not deprived by the attention from tourists, researchers and politicians. From year to year, stunning scientific discoveries are connected with Baikal, expeditions are constantly equipped for a thorough study. This topic I decided to devote you to the most interesting facts and events related to Lake Baikal. I will try to save you from boring geographic terms, here will be only the most interesting. Most photos in the subject of clickable (open by clicking)

- One of the oldest planet lakes and the deepest lake in the world. Baikal is among the ten largest lakes in the world. Its average depth is about 730 meters, the maximum is 1637 meters. In 1996, Baikal was listed by UNESCO World Heritage

Scientists disagree in opinions regarding the origin of Lake Baikal, as well as about its age. The age of the lake scientists traditionally determine 25-35 million years. This fact also makes Baikal with a unique natural object, since most of the lakes, especially glacial origin, live on average 10-15 thousand years, and then filled with or fertilized and fell


There is also a version of the relative youth of Baikal, nominated by Dr. Geological and Mineralogical Sciences by Alexander Tatarinov in 2009, which received indirect confirmation during the second stage of the Expedition of the "worlds" on Baikal. In particular, the activities of mud volcanoes at the bottom of Baikal allows scientists to assume that the modern coastline of the lake is only 8 thousand years old, and the deep-sea part - 150 thousand years

Baikal contains about 19% of worldwater reserves. In Baikal, water is more than in all together with five great lakes and 25 times more than, for example, in Lake Ladoga

The water in the lake is so transparent that individual stones and various items are visible at a depth of 40 m. The purest and transparent water of the Baikal contains so few mineral salts (100 mg / l), which can be used instead of distilled





2,630 species and varieties of plants and animals live in Baikal, 2/3 of which are endemics, that is, they only live in this reservoir. Such an abundance of living organisms is due to the large content of oxygen in the thicker of the Baikal water


Photo of Baikal from space

The most interesting in Baikal is a boring fish Golomanka whose body contains up to 30% fat. She surprises biologists with daily stern migrations from depths in shallow water

The second, after the Golomyanka, the miracle of Baikal, who is obliged to be its exceptional purity, the episyhur crust (there are about 300 species). The Baikal Epiphur is a weary wrap, a length of 1 mm, a representative of the plankton, occurs around the depth (there is no it in the bays where the water is warming up). Not to be Baikal Baikal without this tremendous lap, barely noticeable on the eyes, surprisingly workable and numerous, who has time to go over a year, and even more profilt over all Baikal water

Here inhabit the typical marine mammal - seal, or Baikal Nerpe

Baikal's water reserves would have enough for 40 years for residents of the whole land, and at the same time, 46 x 1015 people could thirst for thirst

Baikal Loda presents a lot of mysteries to scientists. So, in the 1930s, the Specialists of the Baikal Limnological Station discovered the unusual forms of ice cover, characteristic only for Baikal. For example, "Sings" - cone-shaped icy hills up to 6 meters high, hollow inside. The appearance they resemble ice tents, "open" in the opposite side of the side. Sopgia can be located separately, and sometimes form miniature "mountain ranges"

On the pictures from the satellite on the ice of Lake Baikal, dark rings with a diameter of 5-7 km are clearly visible. The origin of the rings is not known. Scientists believe that the rings on the ice of the lake may have already appeared many times, but it was impossible to consider them because of the huge size. Now, using the latest technologies, this has become possible, and scientists begin to study this phenomenon. For the first time, such rings were discovered in 1999, then in 2003, 2005. As can be seen, the rings are not formed every year. Rings are also not located in the same place. Scientists were particularly interested in the reason for the displacement of the rings in 2008 to the southwest, compared with 1999, 2003 and 2005. In April 2009, such rings were discovered again, and again in another place, rather than last year. Scientists suggest that rings are formed due to the emission of natural gas from the bottom of Baikal. However, the exact causes and mechanisms for the formation of dark rings on the ice of Baikal have not yet been studied and no one knows their nature.

Baikal District (T.N. Baikal Rift Zone) refers to territories with high seismicity: earthquakes regularly occur here, the force of most of which is one or two points on the MSC-64 intensity scale. However, strong and strong, so in 1862, with a decade-bullical incident earthquake in the northern part of the Delta, Selenga went under water a plot of sushi with an area of \u200b\u200b200 km? With 6 uluses, in which 1,300 people lived, and the bay was formed

The unique deep-water neutrino telescope NT-200, built in 1993-1998, was created on the lake, built in 1993-1998, with the help of the detection of high energies neutrino. The NT-200 + neutrine telescope is created with an increased efficient volume, the construction of which is supposed to be completed no earlier than 2017

The first dives of inhabited devices on Baikal were committed in 1977, when the bottom of the lake was studied at the Pysis's deep-water apparatus. In the fospital bay, depth 1,410 meters was reached. In 1991, Pysis on the east side of Olkhona dropped to a depth of 1,637 meters.

In the summer of 2008, the Foundation for the Promotion of Lake Baikal was held a research expedition "Worlds" on Baikal ". 52 immersions of deep-water livelists" Peace "on the bottom of Baikal were held. Scientists delivered in the Institute of Wound Oceanology named after P. P. Shirshova Water samples Soil and microorganisms raised from the bottom of Baikal

In 1966, production began on the Baikal pulp and paper plant (BCBC), as a result of which they began to degrade the adjacent bottom territories of the lake. Dustgy emissions negatively affect the taiga around the BCBC, the dryness and drying of the forest are noted. In September 2008, a closed water management system was introduced at the plant designed to reduce the reset of washing waters. According to the source, the system turned out to be inoperable and less than a month after its launch, the plant had to stop

There are many legends associated with. The most fascinating of them is associated with the Angara River:
In the old days, mighty Baikal was cheerful and kind. He firmly loved his only daughter to hangar. It was not more beautiful on Earth. In the afternoon, she was light - the lighter sky, at night there is a dark clouds. And whoever drove past the hangars, everyone admired her, all piled her. Even fleeting birds: geese, swans, cranes - lowered low, but rarely jerked on the water. They said: "Is it possible to black?"

Old man Baikal Berg daughter in the forest of his heart. Once, when Baikal fell asleep, a hangar rushed to the young man Yenisei. Father woke up, angry splashed waves. The sweeping of the storm rose, the mountains were buried, forests fell, smoked from burning the sky, the beasts in fear ran away throughout the earth, the fish dived at the very bottom, the birds were shown to the sun. Only the wind has fallen, and the sea-boat is a naughty. Mighty Baikal hit the gray-haired mountain, trampled from her to the rock and threw the running daughter. The rock fell on the throat of beauty. The syseglase of the hangar, choking and sobbing, began to ask:

Father, I'm dying from thirst, forgive me and give me at least one droplet of water.

Baikal shouted angrily:

I can give only my tears!

Thousands of years flowing Angara in Yenisei Water-tear, and the gray-haired Lone Baikal became frowning and terrible. The rock that Baikal threw after his daughter, called people with a shamanic stone. Baikal was brought there. Rich sacrifices. People said: "Baikal accepted, the shamanic stone will break, the water rushes and fill the whole earth." Currently, the river is blocked by the dam, so only the top of the shamanskaya stone is visible from the water.

There is a legend of the legend about the creation of Baikal "Looked Lord: Nelaskova left the earth ... no matter how it was not to be offended by him! And, so that he did not hold the resentment, he took and wrapped her not any litter for the legs, and the very measure of his generous Meryl, what much to be from him. Measure fell and turned into Baikal. "

Thus, last year's results of German specialists were confirmed. As the director of the Hydrobiological Institute in the city of Ohrid Susan Patchev, the lake's age exceeds 1.2 million years, but this is not a final term, the Russian newspaper reports.

It is believed that the Ohrid Lake was formed a long time ago, before the onset of the glacial period. Surrounded by ridges of a mountain range in Galician, it is a kind of monument to relict, prehistoric nature.

Water lake press, leaving underground at the monastery of St. Nauma, invisible underground channels descend to the plain and bottled on an area of \u200b\u200b350 square kilometers, forming Ohrid Lake. In turn, flowing from Ohrid Lake River Black Drin takes its water to the Adriatic Sea.

Ohrid Lake - the Witness of the Geological Past and the Genuine Museum of Unique Creatures of Nature. It can tell many secrets and tell about animals that lived on earth 30 million years ago.

The reservoir is located at an altitude of 695 meters above the sea, in the deepest point reaches 288 meters.

In the summer, Ohrid Lake resembles a disgraced velvet cover, water warms up to +21 ° C. The wonderful phenomenon here is that in winter the water does not freeze here and in the bad weather of the lake can even show its cruel temper and raise the waves to a distance of up to 5 meters from the ground.

Exceptionally transparent emerald water thickness, through which is visible to a depth of 20 meters, it opens the eye not only a wonderful mosaic of the bottom, but also the lives of many fish.

In the water you can see sponges adhere to the stones; Cancers are hidden in a thick coastal chopper, and huge flocks of small lines are splashing, from scales of which they make the so-called Ohrid pearls.

Acne, inhabitants in the Ohrid Lake, as, however, and acne in general, - the old riddle of science. They sail here from the depths of Sargassov Sea tiny fry, they fall on the bottom and live there until sexual maturity reached, coming in 25 years. And then, those who are driven by instinct, they are going to be late in the fall in huge flocks and return to their praodine. There they postpone the caviar and die, and their offspring makes the same mysterious path of several thousand kilometers long. Recently, on this way, dams of hydrostations built on Drine. But acne in the lake did not disappear - they are now transported to the sea in tanks.

In the last sunny days of autumn, countless flocks of birds cover the surface of the lake - Wild ducks, geese, pelicans, swans, seagulls ...

Since 1980, Ohrid Lake is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.