Krillon peninsula. The Krillon Peninsula: A Story of Betrayal

CARPET!

On August 23, 2011, six people (myself, Dima, Galya, Anton and two Kirill) set off by morning bus to Nevelsk, then to Shebunino from where our journey will begin to Cape Krilyon, the southernmost point of Sakhalin Island. In two days we have to approach Mount Kovrizhka, where four more people from our group (Lena, Alexey, Vika and Sergey) will join us. Ahead of 10 days of the hike, the sea, the sun and no civilization, everyone is in a great mood, let's hit the road !!!

We reached Kovrizhka without obstacles, most of all they were afraid that we would not cross the Pereputka River, in the rains and tides it rises so that even cars cannot pass. But to our delight, we crossed the river calmly, well, all the same, two days were not without incident, Cyril's knees hurt and he practically could not walk. Do not leave him alone, Dima put a backpack on Kiryukhin's shoulders and walked slowly towards our goal. Puffing, puffing with big stops, we nevertheless reached the goal in time, but ours are going, joy knew no bounds. At the general meeting, we decide that tomorrow Kirill should be sent home by passing transport, we set up camp at the foot of the mountain, while everyone is collecting firewood for the fire. wash and cool off from the mercilessly scorching sun. In the meantime, the fire is burning, the tents are set up, you can start dinner, the guys brought home food with them, oh bliss !!!

It was getting dark, but we really wanted to visit the top of Kovrizhki. Mount Kovrizhka got its name because of its shape in the form of a cake, it is located on Cape Vindis in translation from the Ainu language, as a "nasty dwelling", where does this name come from? The cape is located 35 km. from the village Shebunino, Kovrizhka itself rises above sea level at an altitude of about 78 m, has an almost ideal round shape with a diameter of more than 100 m. The absolutely flat summit of Kovrizhka is known for the fact that archaeological sites of ancient people were found on it. There are versions that this natural building was used by the Sakhalin aborigines as a fortress, where they fled from the invasion of strangers, which may be why the name "bad dwelling" is.

The ascent to Kovrizhka is very steep, it can only be reached by a rope pulled by kind people. Overcoming fear, we climbed up and a dizzying view opened up in front of us, almost the entire South Kamyshevy Ridge is visible from one side, and from the other Cape Kuznetsov, where we will go tomorrow morning.

It was already completely dark, so take a photo as a souvenir and start descending. Oh Gods!!! Descending was even more terrifying than climbing upward, groping in the dark, you couldn't see where to put your foot, stones were falling from under your feet, but you couldn't stay above. Dima insures the girls from above, and Sergey encourages him with his jokes and jokes, and now his feet touched the firm and flat ground. Hooray!!! We went downstairs and Galyunya and I went to the "bathhouse" that the guys had built. "Bathhouse" was a success. Washed up, poured home in tents, tomorrow morning on the way to their dream, to Krillon !!!

Cape Kuznetsov

The next morning we packed up and set off. Alexey loaded his backpacks and some of our team members into the car and drove towards Cape Kuznetsov to negotiate about sending Kirill home and parking the car, and we set off on foot lightly. The beauty is what, the sea is splashing, the sun is warming (it is not yet baking), here is a cormorant perched on a pebble, very close to let us in and does not fly away, well, all the cormorant is now a model and the hero of our photo albums.

Coming closer to Cape Kuznetsov, houses appear, we noticed an Orthodox cross-church !!!

It is unusual to see a church at such a distance from civilization. And we freeze with delight, what a stunning picture in front of us, a herd of horses grazing on the seashore, I have never seen such a miracle in my life, and which there are only red, and white, and black, and in a speck and in an apple. An extraordinary beauty, this picture still stands before my eyes. 50 Yakut pedigree horses were brought here for breeding. They also say that ostriches live on the territory of the farm, but, unfortunately, we have not seen them. But horses ……….

Cape Kuznetsova is one of the natural monuments of about. Sakhalin, its name was given in honor of Captain 1st Rank D.I.Kuznetsov, who commanded the first detachment that sailed to the Far East in 1857 to protect the Russian borders. We bypass the cape, since there are impassable passages, we turn onto the road leading through the pass, Kiryukha went to see us off, as today he is in a car that will go from the farm and go home to treat his knees. Bye, Kiryukha, see you in town. Well, we, in the composition of nine people, are recovering further. Not far from the village we came across a Japanese column with hieroglyphs, there are many such columns left across Sakhalin, it shows the height above sea level.
The road through the pass is in good condition, we go into the forest and it becomes creepy for us, there are a lot of bears in these parts, there used to be a nature reserve on the peninsula, hunting and fishing in these collapse was prohibited, so bears bred here. We take out the pipes and play, that there is urine, the head is already spinning. The sun beats down mercilessly, backpacks pull off the shoulders, and even a whole bunch of gadflies have flown in, even the repellents do not help, from the heat they drain together with sweat.

Well, that is the end of the road and then we stumble upon a fresh trail of a clubfoot bear, we imagined how he skidded when he heard our pipes. We finally went out to the seashore and made a halt and lunch.

Shipwreck.

Dined, rested and on the way. On the left there are green hills, somewhere there are sweetly puffing bears, on the right the sea is blue, ahead is a foggy horizon, silence and only the sound of the surf can be heard, quiet and grace, only the sun beats down so that it is hot to breathe. Galyunya wrapped herself in an olympic jacket, hiding from the sun, the poor little one sticks out.

Sergei is overwhelmed with emotions and he scratches on the sand "AHRINET" and everything is in this word !!!

On the horizon, a "ghost ship" appears from behind the fog, already goosebumps. We come closer and now he is a handsome man, or rather everything that is left of him. The ship is torn into three pieces - an eerie sight. As I later read this dry cargo ship "Luga", it has been lying here for more than 65 years on the beach. Seagulls and cormorants took a fancy to the remains of the ship and arranged a bird market on it. By the fall of 1947, the dry-cargo steamship Luga was prepared for towing to Vladivostok, and then further to Shanghai for overhaul. The steamer Pyotr Tchaikovsky was assigned to tow the Luga, but they lost time and began towing at the end of October. "Pyotr Tchaikovsky" and "Luga" were caught by a violent typhoon near the La Perouse Strait. The tug tore and the "Luga" was thrown onto the Krillon peninsula between the capes of Maydel and Zamirailov's head. The damage to "Luga" was so great that the repair was inappropriate and they did not try to remove it from the shallows, that's how it became a home for seagulls and cormorants

A small resting place, a photo for memory and again on the road.

Night guest.
More and more often we come across bear tracks of various sizes and sizes, on the hills we can see bear trails.

It's late afternoon, it's time to look for a place to camp. We decided to stop near a small lake. Well, the tree-sticks were not taken into account that the camp was set up near Mishya's path, or rather, they understood it later.

Lesha and I went to the lake, I wash the dishes, Lesha fetch water. And so Alexey decided to take some water from the stream that flowed down from the hill. He went into the grass, and less than a minute, Lesha jumped out of the bushes, as if scalded. “What happened?” - I ask, he tells me “Look”. I watched the grass sway, the bear leaves and goes quietly, even if a twig crunches, I was always surprised how such a colossus walks so quietly ??? Well, that was not all …….

After dinner, we scattered to the tents, I slept with Galya in the tent. Through a dream I hear as if someone touched a stretch from the tent, I open my eyes and a sharp smell of doggy hits my nose, and near the tent someone sniffs everything ... ... bear, already the blood froze in my veins with fear. I wake up Galya, I say "The bear has come", Galya muttered something, turned over on the other side and continued to sleep, this is our Galyunya who sleeps where he will lie down, sit down and no bears will wake her up, and I lay all night without a wink of sleep and breathing was afraid. In the morning I dared to go out only when I heard the voices of the guys who had already woken up and were busy with the housework. I walked around the tent and as if the bear's tracks were on the sand, so I really did come, I didn't dream. More than one night I didn’t close my eyes on this trip.

Open-air museum. Crillon.

Morning. According to our calculations, in about two hours we should arrive at Krillon. The morning turned out to be foggy, so we did not immediately notice the outlines of Krillon on the horizon. Well, what was our joy when we realized that because of the fog towers and the lighthouse of the Krillon Peninsula are visible.

Cape Krillon is the southernmost point of Sakhalin Island. The name was given by the French navigator Jean-François de La Perouse in honor of the French general Louis Balbes de Crillon. In the north it is connected by a narrow but steep isthmus with the Krillon Peninsula, in the west it is washed by the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan, in the east by the Aniva Bay of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk. From the south - La Perouse Strait, separating Sakhalin and Hokkaido islands. Crillon is called the "Open Air Museum" and it is not for nothing that this small piece of land got its name. Now on Crillon there is an operating border post, a weather station and a lighthouse. Well, let's start in order.

"Century mark"
A car is coming to meet us, it was the head of the outpost who was in a hurry to warn us to check in at the outpost, such is the order here, after all, a frontier post, so those wishing to visit Crillon do not forget to take your passport with you.
First of all, we go to look for the "Century mark", which was carved on the coastal rock by the famous Admiral Makarov. On September 22, 1895, Rear Admiral Makarov ordered to install a gauge-gauge in the form of a rail with graduations on Krillon, installed to observe and accurately determine the water level in the sea. But the tide stock was broken by the movement of ice and to eliminate this shortcoming Makarov ordered to carve a "century mark" on the rock, seven horizontal notches were carved under the inscription, numbered in Roman numerals from bottom to top from 4 to 10 (Tanya, these Roman numbers must be written). Over time, water has done its job and now only the word "mark" is visible on the rock. We found the mark and jumped on the boulders and hoisted our backpacks. Further, our path goes along a steep path that leads up.

Lighthouse.
We went upstairs, threw off our backpacks and to the lighthouse. A wooden dilapidated staircase leads to the lighthouse, we climbed it and here we have a handsome man made of red brick, but he was not always like that, the lighthouse was originally built from logs. The construction of the first lighthouse on Krillon began on May 13, 1883, 30 exile carriages and the crew of the schooner Tungus took part in the construction of the lighthouse, with the help of which the rafts from logs were towed, the work lasted 35 days. A wooden tower with a height of 8.5 m was erected, a house for the caretaker, a barracks, a bathhouse, and a vegetable garden. The lighting apparatus with silver-plated reflectors is equipped with 15 argan lamps. For the production of fog signals, a two-pound signal cannon and a 20-pound bell are installed at the lighthouse. The first keeper of the lighthouse was the sailor Ivan Kryuchkov.
In 1894, construction of a new lighthouse began on Cape Krillon, next to the old building made of red bricks brought from Japan. The construction was carried out by paratroopers Shipulin, Yakovlev and 25 Korean workers. The work was supervised by engineer-lieutenant colonel K.I. Leopold, who built several lighthouses on the Black Sea. On August 1, 1896, a lighting device was installed at the Crillon lighthouse, manufactured by the French company Barbier and Benard in Paris. A new pneumatic siren with a kerosene engine has been installed in a room located at the southernmost point of Cape Crillon. A special signal cannon of the 1867 model was located next to the siren building. A backup "fog bell" was also installed here, which, in the event of a siren malfunction, was supposed to give signals during fog. During the Soviet era, the lighthouse was refitted with electric lamps, but the bulk of the French lighting fixture remained unchanged. A new cinder block house was built on the cape for the lighthouse attendants. The bell was removed in 1980. Until the end of the 1990s, there was a Japanese bell on the cape. According to some reports, the bell was taken out for scrap metal. The further fate of the Japanese bell is unknown. Currently, the lighthouse is still active.

Borders
After inspecting the lighthouse, went downstairs, the guys went to the monument to the soldiers who died during the liberation of Sakhalin,

and we, exhausted by the heat, remained to wait for them near the backpacks, Galyunya climbed under the cart, into the shade and sniffed sweetly.

And here the guys came back and together we went to check in at the border guards. We were greeted very warmly, while the head of the outpost was rewriting the data of passports, the head of the outpost told us that there are now four little worlds on the cape: border guards, a meteorological station, a beacon that lives alone in the whole two-story house and occupies any apartment in it that we liked (the house is empty, in it now no one lives except for the lighthouse) and fishermen. They all live independently of each other and do not meddle in the affairs of their neighbors. He said that if the beacon is in a good mood, then maybe it will take us to the lighthouse and show it from the inside. He told that it is possible to take pictures and what is undesirable, and offered to charge cameras and phones. By the way, the cellular communication on Crillon Japanese eats up the entire balance without having to dial the number. They showed us a comfortable place to spend the night and gave us a tank of water, because on Krillon there is a problem with springs and rivers, and the nearest spring is very far away. On such a positive note, we said goodbye to the hosts of the outpost and set off to set up a camp.

Catacombs.
The camp was organized quickly. We fell from fatigue, heat and grated mazoles, the people decided today not to go anywhere, and I, Dima and Kirill still decided not to waste time, because tomorrow we are returning home at lunchtime, but still take a walk along the cape. They began their detour from the monument to the soldiers who died during the liberation of Sakhalin and the Southern Kuriles. 7 paratroopers are buried in this mass grave. Then we went to inspect nowadays non-residential buildings, which were built by the Japanese and then the Russians, everything was mixed on a small piece of land. We climbed, took a look, and now we are in a hurry to the fortified area. After all, Cape Crillon is one large fortified area, along which you can walk for weeks in search of military pillboxes, underground passages, trenches, cannons. On the way, we climbed a large plateau overgrown with bamboo and where is what to look for in such thickets ??? And here is the first find - an inverted cannon, then another one. A little further off you can see the visor of the command post, here we are already inside.

The walls and steps were laid by the Japanese with natural stone, the masonry has survived to this day, as good as new.

We went upstairs and in front of us the entire La Perouse Strait, at a glance, is already breathtaking from the emotions that overwhelmed me. We go further, here in the underground shelter there is a whole cannon, they tried to turn the levers and oh, miracle, they are still in working order. We play like little children !!!

Below you can see a hole that goes underground, we go down, and here is a whole underground world. Many rooms, manholes. Passages, stairs and we are again at the top, already at the other end of the peninsula, again we go down, again up and again at the other end, along the road we meet empty boxes of shells, old bunks, various instruments, sensors, counters on the walls, yeah, sure You can walk here for weeks to examine everything and find all the loopholes. We crawled out into the white light, it is already getting dark, it's time to camp, well, how you don't want to leave, how you want to explore the whole Krillon up and down. We returned to the camp, had a snack. But for today we have another excursion planned. In good weather, you can see Japan from Krillon, and the weather was great, so we go to the edge of the cape, and suddenly we are lucky and we will see Japan. And we saw her, straight like this with the naked eye, at first the island of Rebun rose in front of us.

Then we saw Hokkaido. Dima took binoculars with him and through them we saw the windmills that glow with multi-colored lights, it's great how !!! It was completely dark and the lighthouse came on. And also a local resident, a little piggy Manka, came to visit us. She came running to us, fell apart and here you scratch my belly, rolled her eyes with pleasure, she was so funny, she was grunting.

Shiranushi's post.
In the morning we packed our things and again went to inspect the underground passages and "study" military equipment. We came across a huge cannon, found Soviet tanks in the bamboo,

examined new manholes, trenches, came across Japanese washbasins, which were preserved in excellent condition.

I already said that you can wander around Crillon for weeks, but it was time for us to return home. Farewell look at Krillon, I promise myself that I will definitely return here to continue searching for new underground passages. On the way back, we dropped in to see the remains of the Shiranushi post. The fast was founded by the Japanese clan Matsumae from the island of Hokkaido, presumably in the 1750s, in the 1850s the importance of fasting began to decline and the fast in Shiranushi was abolished, and the history of fasting ended. There is information that as of 1925 150 people lived in the village of Siranusi, there were 36 houses. Now at the site of the post, you can find many objects from different times, belonging to both the Japanese and the Russians, a pedestal from the monument to Kajima Kinento, platforms from the building of the Japanese post, earthen ramparts, which were most likely defensive in nature, concrete structures, firing points of the 2nd world war.

Above the post are the ruins of a crab factory and coastal batteries from IS-3 tanks. By the way, the tanks are mothballed and in excellent condition.
A car drove us to the farm, which was driving from Krillon to Shebunino, a herd of horses met us, I will never forget this beauty, the sea, rocks and horses !!!
We were at home two days later.

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In the 1950s, at the southernmost tip of Cape Crillon, there was a small monument made of natural stone and erected, according to the recollections of old-timers, in 1945. By the decision of the Sakhalin Regional Executive Committee of March 9, 1971 No. 98, the monument was put under state protection.

Part of the route runs along the territory of the zoological natural monument of regional significance "Cape Kuznetsova". The territory of the natural monument is the only year-round rookery of sea lions and seals in the south of Sakhalin. The valley of the Kuznetsovka River is home to many rare plant species and a nesting site for rare bird species. Main objects of protection: sea lions and seals rookeries; nesting places for rare bird species; habitat of rare and endemic plant species listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and the Sakhalin Region

Protection mode: the water route does not pass through a specially protected natural area; in case of organizing a walking tour, it is necessary to familiarize oneself with the regime of protection of the natural monument of regional significance “Cape Kuznetsova”.

Route description

The route is very popular. Among Sakhalin tourists, it is interesting for pedestrians, jeepers and water tourists traveling on motor-sailing ships or sea kayaks. The route is replete with a large number of capes, impassable pressure areas, complicated by the lack of settlements. This route is especially interesting if you observe the shores of the Krillon Peninsula from the sea, traveling on small boats.

The route can start from the village of Shebunino, which can be reached by vehicles of any cross-country ability. The first amazing place that a traveler sees from the sea is Cape Vindis and Mount "Kovrizhka", which is located on the cape and is a rock with a flat top and steep, almost sheer walls. From a distance, the cape looks like an island: when viewed from the north and south it is trapezoidal, and from the west it is square. Around this rock you can see many large stones of different shapes and types, crabs and seals are also found here. Several archaeological sites of ancient people have been found on the flat top of the cape (78 meters high).

The name Cape Vindis is translated from the Ainu language as "bad dwelling". The Ainu called the capes bad, bad capes, which were dangerous to go around by boat and had to go around the coast. For its trapezoidal shape, the mountain on the cape is also called "Kovrizhka". You can climb to the top of the mountain only along its eastern slope, overgrown with forbs, but it is quite difficult to overcome the last 7-8 meters without special equipment.

Further along the route, there is another interesting place - the zoological natural monument “Cape Kuznetsova”. This place is also notable for the beauty of the coast. In the direction of the southwest, a strip of sheer cliffs with heights of up to 50-60 meters stretches for 2300 meters. Of the geomorphological objects, one can distinguish giant "fingers", "arches", "gates" - all this is scattered in a picturesque disorder not far from the coast. The shores themselves hang menacingly over the surface of the water, forming huge wave-breaking niches. The extensive bench area extends into the strait about 600-800 meters, so in calm sunny weather the waves do not reach the coast. In the south, the cape ends in a rock that resembles a man's face in profile.

At present, in the lower reaches of the Kuznetsovka River, there is Noah's Ark - this is how the people call the subsidiary farm of the Cape Kuznetsov enterprise. This closed place is fenced off by a cordon, behind which the ecovillage is located. There is a small church on the territory of the ecovillage. And indeed, who and what is not here - horses, pigs, goats, rams, turkeys, ducks, geese graze on the seashore. Wild animals also found shelter - porcupine, ostriches, Yashka the fox, Masha the bear.

In the central part of Cape Kuznetsov (the Japanese called him Sonya), at the very tip there is the Kuznetsovo lighthouse, built by the Japanese in 1914. Its height above sea level is 78.5 meters. Previously, the cape and the bay were called Sony, which in translation from the Ainu means columnar stones or reefs and reflects the peculiarities of this place.

The southern tip of Cape Kuznetsov turns into a two-kilometer beach, stretching westward to the long and narrow Cape Zamirailova Golova. The cape is 87.5 meters high. There is a trigger point at the top. The elongated cape is surrounded from the north by the Kamoi bay, on which there are sandy beaches, from the south is the Zamirailova Golova cape.

Moving south, the route comes to the long-awaited Cape Crillon - the southern point of the peninsula. This is one large Japanese fortified area, where you can walk for weeks in search of military pillboxes, underground passages, cannons, and trenches. In these places, it is worth visiting the Krillon lighthouse with a height of more than 8 meters, which has a unique and long history, as well as a monument erected on the cape in honor of the soldiers who died during the liberation of southern Sakhalin in 1945. It is recommended to take a day off at Cape Crillon to explore the local attractions. There is a frontier post on the cape, where you need to register your visit. Also, for the movement of small vessels, notification of the border service is required.

Further, the route will go along the other coast of Sakhalin along the Aniva Bay already in a northern direction through the interesting and beautiful capes of Anastasia, Kanabeev and ends at the mouth of the Uryum River (the old village of Kirillovo). Fishing camps are often found along this section, and fixed seines in the sea (care must be taken on small boats!). From the Uryum River you can go by road to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

In general, when entering a route on a small vessel, it is necessary to take into account the risks associated with the weather, it changes very quickly in this area. When passing Cape Crillon, it is necessary to take into account the rifts and constant currents of the La Perouse Strait.

List of attractions and objects of tourist display: Cape Vindis, Cape Kuznetsov, sea lion rookery at Cape Kuznetsov, Cape Krillon, p. Atlasova, Cape Kanabeev; along the entire route, beautiful landscapes, picturesque sea and hills open up.

Arrival and departure from the route: you can get to the beginning of the route by motor transport of any passability to the village of Shebunino; Departure from the route runs from the mouth of the Uryum River (Kirillovo village).

Options for an emergency approach, departure or exit: on the section of the route from the village of Shebunino to Cape Crillon, you can leave the route by off-road vehicles. Of particular difficulty by car is the Kuznetsov Cape Pass and the pressure in front of Krillon. It is also possible to go by off-road vehicles on the eastern section of Krillon from the Uryum River to the Mogucha River (a particular difficulty is the passage of cars through river mouths). On the section from Cape Krillon to the Mogucha River, exit from the route is possible only on foot (through Cape Kanabeev, no passage) or by water transport.

Parking places and their description. It is easy to choose a good camp: large meadows, a sufficient amount of firewood, clear water of shallow streams flowing into the sea, will make it as comfortable as possible to equip the camp.

The most interesting and convenient parking areas:

1. Cape Vindis - north side, there is a small stream, a good meadow, little firewood.

2. Cape Kuznetsova (Komoi Bay) - a beautiful cozy place, sheltered from the wind, lots of firewood, water from small streams.

3. The mouth of the Pekarnya river (a ravine in front of Cape Crillon) - convenient parking, good water, firewood along the beach.

4. Cape Anastasia is a convenient bucket for settling in bad weather, the territory is polluted with industrial debris, and a fishing camp is often located.

Conclusion

The purpose of the work is to consider and identify the tourist opportunities of the Krillon Peninsula and assess the natural conditions and resources of the peninsula for the development of tourism.

To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were set before the work:

1. The geographical position of the peninsula determines its uniqueness. The Krillon Peninsula is a rather unique place for its beauty. The landscapes of the peninsula are rich in their history, as well as pleasantly surprise with the diversity of fauna and flora. Here you can find rare plants and observe various animals and birds. On the Krillon peninsula, the places of settlement of the former population of the peninsula - the Japanese and the Ainu - have been partially preserved to this day. The bucket port and Cape Kanabeev, which is a historical monument, are also unique.

2. A large number of natural and historical monuments, some of which are difficult to access, in addition to their uniqueness, this even more attracts tourists.

3. Despite all the beauty of this place, the peninsula is far from being a tourist destination. There are no excursions and tours here, there are no tourist bases. This is due to the fact that two currents meet near the Krillon peninsula. Cold from the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk and warm from the Tatar Strait, which ensures windy and rainy weather. You can get here only by car or on your own by organizing a hike. In any case, unfavorable weather conditions do not stop those who decided to visit this unique peninsula.

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25. Samarin IA .. "Sivuch" off the coast of Sakhalin // Local history bulletin. No. 1, 1996.

26. Samarin I.A. , O. A. Shubina. The current state of the settlement of Siranusi // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 4, 1997.

27. Svyatozar Demidovich Galtsev-Bezyuk / Toponymic Dictionary of the Sakhalin Region, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Far Eastern Book Publishing House, Sakhalin Branch, 1992

28. Hirokawa Yosinaga, Yamada Goro. On the current state of the Siranusi earth fortress // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 4, 1997.

29. Sharova S.S. Traveling around the native land: excursion routes and tours around the island of Sakhalin: tourist guide / Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Publishing house IROSO, 2014. - 356 p.

30. Shubin V.O., Shubina O.A. The sites of primitive man in southern Sakhalin // Research in the archeology of the Sakhalin region. Vladivostok, 1977.S. 62-102.

Applications

a) Decision No. 329 of 15.09.1982 of the Sakhalin Regional Council of People's Deputies:

Approve the Regulation; to extend the period for 10 years - in order to protect and reproduce rare and valuable animals: sable, otters, released for the acclimatization of Canadian beavers (by that time dead!), eagles, hazel grouse, sea and water birds, taimen, sima, pink salmon, and also protection of their habitat.

The reserve fulfills the functions of maintaining the integrity of natural communities, preserving, reproducing and restoring valuable in economic, scientific and cultural relations, as well as rare and endangered wild animals.

Restrictions have been established for the following activities:

a) hunting and fishing,

b) tourism and other forms of organized recreation of the population,

c) collecting mushrooms, berries, medicinal and ornamental plants,

d) the use of pesticides,

e) off-road traffic.

It should be noted that all this time, young cattle were grazing in the floodplains of spawning rivers. Every year, cattle bears took their tribute, for which they were shot. Here the huntsman Kartavyh caught a bear, whose skull at the international trophy exhibition turned out to be larger than Ceausescu's trophy.

Decision of the Sakhoblispolkom No. 391 of December 23, 1987 "On partial amendment of the Regulations on the state defense order" Peninsula Krillon "No. 329":

The restriction on fishing, introduced in 1982, contributed to the increase in the number of various fish species living in the reservoirs of the reserve. Taking into account the proposal of the department of the hunting economy decided:

Introduced in clause 3.5. Regulation No. 329 the following addition:

Amateur fishing is allowed on the territory of the reserve. For biological reclamation in rivers and for trapping weed fish, it is allowed, as an exception, to use nets under permits issued by the hunting administration. Control is entrusted to the gamekeepers. Chairman of the regional executive committee I. I. Kuropatko.

For reference, in the period preceding this decision, the fish protection inspectorate seized up to 36 large taimen per day from violators. Since then, a massive invasion began on the peninsula. The local district administration tried to get their hands on the process - they introduced an entry fee. The reserve served, and still serves, as a place for "royal" hunting and fishing. For example, during Putin's visit, Chernomyrdin was with him, who instead of boring excursions went to Tambovka and killed a bear. It is also the site of a fierce battle for influence between local fisheries conservation and game management.

Memorandum “On the expediency of maintaining the status of the Cape Krillon reserve”:

The number of rare fish, birds and wild animals, for which the sanctuary was allegedly created, has reached a critical point of complete extinction. The district receives practically no production and no income through the reserve. On the basis of the above, I consider it inexpedient to further extend the status of the Cape Krillon reserve, I propose to use these lands for the development of small businesses and farms. Art. State Inspector of the Aniva Fish Protection Inspectorate Aisin N.T. 1992

In the 90s, there was a rapid growth of fisheries. It is limited only by the inaccessibility of the area and the lack of valuable objects. Repeated attempts to restore at least some kind of order fail. The most harmful is the spring fishing for miscellaneous fish. Local rivers still perform well the functions of reproduction of pink salmon - in odd years, spawning grounds overflow and deaths are possible. Therefore, it is possible to remove pink salmon from the rivers, since fishing with fixed seines is ineffective here. At the same time, there is a significant by-catch of juvenile kunja, rudd and taimen. There is also limited fishing for seal and kelp.

b) Order of the Sakhalin Region Administration dated 12.24.2002.

In accordance with paragraph "a" of Article 18 and Articles 19 of the Law of the Sakhalin Region dated 02.10.2000 No. 214 "On the Development of Specially Protected Areas of the Sakhalin Region": To annul the status of the state hunting reserve of regional significance "Krillon Peninsula". I.P. Farkhutdinov, regional governor.

The game managers managed to get rid of the problem area very easily. The following wording was used: "The goals of stabilizing the number of wild animals and birds, including those listed in the Red Book, are fully met." None of the independent experts confirmed this, and there was no environmental expertise. In fact, the reserve failed at least to protect and reproduce taimen and sima. Since March 2002, several meetings have been held at various levels on the Krillon issue. A variant of organizing a specially protected natural area, new for the Russian Far East, was proposed - a salmon reserve under the management of Sakhalinrybvod.

By order of the governor, a reserve was established on the Krillon peninsula:

At the request of the deputies and the administration of the Aniva district, currently in the department of fisheries and the committee natural resources work is underway to create a biological and ichthyological reserve on the Krillon peninsula.

In order to maintain law and order on the territory of the peninsula, suppress poaching, as well as taking into account the fire hazardous period and the upcoming salmon fishing season, the governor of the region on April 30 signed an order instructing the departments of timber and fishing complexes to ensure, together with the regional hunting administration, the closure of free access to the Uryum River for all legal and physical persons who do not have in their hands a special pass signed by all three controlling services. Thus, nature conservation measures allow preserving relict forests and the salmon maternity hospital of Aniva Bay in their original form. Press center of the Sakhalin Region Administration, April 30, 2003

Unfortunately, the title of this post contains typical misinformation. At one time, Sakhalinrybvod really advocated the creation of an ichthyological reserve with a ban on salmon fishing. There was a wave of publications in the media about this - "Krillon is not dead", "Krillon will live", "Salmon sanctuary". But at the decisive meeting on April 28, 2003, the head of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam Zatulyakin A.V. abandoned the intention to take this territory under special protection. Governor Farkhutdinov ordered to spend Putin and return to consideration of the question of the expediency of the reserve in November 2003. Yes, he did not have time.

Posted on Allbest.ru

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Day 1.

All participants meet at the railway station. We get on the bus and go to Aniva district to the mouth of the Uryum river. We will wade the river, knee-deep, sometimes waist-deep. For the crossing, we change into the shoes that we took for the water crossings. After the crossing, we change our shoes and walk along the forest dirt road. Then we go to the coast in Kirillovo. Further, our path goes along the sandy-pebble coast.

We will stop for lunch on the Tambovka river.

After Tambovka, focusing on the low tide, we pass the clamps. During low tide, the coast opens near the rocks and you can walk without getting wet.

We set up the camp at the mouth of the Maksimkina river. The attendants prepare a delicious dinner. We will get to know each other near the fire.

Daily mileage: 21 km.

Day 2.

In the morning, the attendants prepare breakfast according to the layout and duty schedule. After breakfast, we pack up and set off. On the way, we will go into a chalk canyon, where an 8-meter waterfall falls. And the nests of swifts are located in the rocks.

On the Kura river we will get up for lunch. There is a farm at the mouth of the river, and you can see horses grazing on the seashore.

After lunch we will go to the Moguchi river. Walking along the sandy-pebble beach. Sometimes passing near the rocks along a stone path, as if a rock of glass to the ground, forming a path. An interesting rock will meet along the way, popularly called the Dragon. The multi-colored rocks are piled up with the muzzle of a dragon, with an open mouth and hollows for the eyes.

Another ford across the Naicha river. A few more kilometers along the sand and camp on the Moguchi river. Hot supper. Overnight stay.

Daily mileage: 22 km

Day 3.

After breakfast we pack up the camp and set off. The transition will be tricky today. We'll have to bypass Cape Kanabeev on bamboo. The movement will be very difficult. Walking 5 km will take 4 hours.

Cape Kanabeev is very beautiful. At the very promontory there is a stone arch, to which a rocky terrace of a meter wide leads. We will definitely go radially for inspection and photos. An understanding of security is required because the depth of the sea near the cape immediately reaches 5 meters.

Today's day will end at the abandoned camp of Cape Anastasia (uninhabited village of Atlasovo). In the sea opposite the cape there are two cliffs surrounded by an old destroyed Japanese pier. The torii, the Shinto sacred gate to the temple, facing east towards the rising sun, were once erected on the largest rock by the Japanese.

The Anastasia river flows near the place to spend the night. You can arrange laundry, washes.

200 meters from the camp, a beautiful 20-meter waterfall falls on the coast.

Hot supper. Overnight stay.

Kilometers per day: 12 km.

Day 4.

The day is intended to rest after the crossing. Do your laundry, dry, wash and just relax. Relax on Cape Anastasia with soft sunrises and fiery sunsets.

Day 5.

In the morning, after breakfast, we pack up the camp and leave. Today we are going to the very Cape Crillon.

The path is beautiful, but it has several boulders. When passing such clamps, you should be careful, take your time and help the participants. In some places, you may need help in transferring the backpacks first, and after that the participants pass lightly. Boys are active and give a helping hand. Along the way, many waterfalls await us, from small to large, from dry to a thin stream to powerful water streams. For lunch we will stand on a house near the waterfall.

After lunch there will be a few kilometers left and we are finally in the bay of Cape Crillon! We set up camp and prepare dinner. We also collect passports and the instructor goes to mark the group at the border guards.

Attention! Cellular communication on Crillon - Japanese, eats up the entire balance before dialing a number.

Tomorrow we will have a day trip and sightseeing trips along the cape, to places of glory, and military fortifications, a lighthouse and a monument, underground passages and cannons.

Daily mileage: 19 km.

Day 6.

Afternoon. The day is dedicated to acquaintance with the history of the extreme point of Sakhalin Island. The whole day is planned for radial exits in order to cover as much as possible the historical sights associated with the period of the Russian-Japanese war.

Today we are in no hurry. We sleep to the fullest. After a late breakfast, we will prepare a lunchtime snack and go for a walk and see the sights of Krillon.

Let's start our tour with a monument to the soldiers who died during the liberation of Sakhalin and the Southern Kuriles. 7 paratroopers are buried in this mass grave. Next, let's go to inspect nowadays non-residential buildings, which were built by the Japanese and then the Russians, everything was mixed on a small piece of land. Let's climb, take a look, and hurry to the fortified area. After all, Cape Crillon is one large fortified area, along which you can walk for weeks in search of military pillboxes, underground passages, trenches, guns. On the way we will rise to a large plateau, overgrown with bamboo, where the cannons hid in the thick tall grass. A little further off you can see the visor of the command post, here we are already inside.

The walls and steps were laid by the Japanese with natural stone, the masonry has survived to this day, as good as new.

Let's go upstairs and in front of us the entire La Perouse Strait, at a glance. We go further, here in the underground shelter there is a whole cannon, all the levers are still in working order.

Below you can see a hole that goes underground, let's go down, and a whole underground world will open before us. Many rooms, manholes. Passages, stairs and we are again at the top, already at the other end of the peninsula, again we go down, again up and again at the other end, along the road we meet empty boxes of shells, old bunks, various instruments, sensors, counters on the walls, yeah, sure You can walk here for weeks to examine everything and find all the loopholes. We creep out into the white light and return to the camp. In the camp we will have a bite to eat and again go out for another walk along the cape. In good weather, you can see Japan from Krillon. And we go to the edge of the cape, and suddenly we are lucky and we will see Japan. First, Rebun Island will open before your eyes, and then Hokkaido Island. With binoculars, you can see the windmills that glow with colorful lights.

We return to the camp to cook dinner. And while discussing today we enjoy hot food and delicious tea with bagels.

Daily mileage of radial exits: 6 km.

Day 7.

In the morning, after breakfast, we pack our things, put on our backpacks and again set off on the road to examine the underground passages and "study" military equipment. Let's go out on a huge cannon, and in the bamboo hid behind the Soviet tanks. We will examine new manholes, trenches, find Japanese washbasins that have been preserved in excellent condition.

Further along the road, we will look at the remains of the Shiranushi post. The fast was founded by the Japanese clan Matsumae from the island of Hokkaido, presumably in the 1750s, in the 1850s the importance of fasting began to decrease and the fast in Shiranushi was abolished, and the history of fasting ended. There is information that in 1925 150 people lived in the village of Siranusi, there were 36 houses. Now at the site of the post, you can find many objects of different times, belonging to both the Japanese and the Russians, a pedestal from the monument to Kajima Kinento, a platform from the building of a Japanese post, earthen ramparts, which were most likely defensive in nature, concrete structures, firing points of the 2nd world war.

Above the post are the ruins of a crab factory and coastal batteries from IS-3 tanks. By the way, the tanks are mothballed and in excellent condition.

And then a "ghost ship" appears on the horizon from the fog. Handsome, or rather all that remains of him. The ship is torn into three pieces. This is the dry cargo ship "Luga", which has been lying here for more than 65 years on the shallows. Seagulls and cormorants took a fancy to the remains of the ship and arranged a bird market on it.

By the fall of 1947, the dry-cargo steamer Luga was prepared for towing to Vladivostok, and then further to Shanghai for overhaul. The steamer Pyotr Tchaikovsky was instructed to tow the Luga, but they lost time and began towing at the end of October. "Pyotr Tchaikovsky" and "Luga" were caught by a violent typhoon near the La Perouse Strait. The tug tore and Luga was thrown onto the Krillon peninsula between the capes of Maydel and Zamirailov's head. The damage to "Luga" was so great that the repair was inappropriate and they did not try to remove it from the shallows, that's how it became a home for gulls and cormorants

Lunch break and photo for memory. And again on the road.

Many bear tracks will accompany us on the way. There used to be a nature reserve on the peninsula, hunting and fishing was prohibited in these collapses, and so bears bred here. We take out the pipes and play, indicating that we are going here.

For the night we stand on the Zamirailovka river. Hot supper.

Daily mileage: 14km.

Day 8.

In the morning after breakfast we set up the camp, put on already lightweight backpacks and set off. Today the path partially passes along the pass, skirting Cape Kuznetsov, since there are no passages there. The road through the pass is in good condition and will not be difficult to cross.

Cape Kuznetsova is one of the natural monuments of about. Sakhalin Island, its name was given in honor of Captain 1st Rank D.I.Kuznetsov, who commanded the first detachment that sailed to the Far East in 1857 to protect the Russian borders.

We leave to the farm. We stop for lunch.

During lunch we will go to look at a Japanese column with hieroglyphs. There are many such columns left on Sakhalin, it shows the height above sea level.

After lunch we will continue our way to Cape Vindis, where we will set up a camp. Dinner. Overnight stay.

Daily mileage: 17 km.

Day 9.

In the morning, after breakfast, we go to the town of Kovrizhka.

Mount Kovrizhka got its name from its shape in the form of a cake, it is located at Cape Vindis. Translated from the Ainu language, it means "nasty dwelling." The cape is located 35 km. from the village. Shebunino, Kovrizhka itself rises above sea level at an altitude of about 78 m, has an almost ideal round shape with a diameter of more than 100 m. The absolutely flat summit of Kovrizhka is known for the fact that archaeological sites of ancient people were found on it. There are versions that this natural building was used by the Sakhalin aborigines as a fortress, where they fled from the invasion of strangers, which may be why the name "bad dwelling" is.

The ascent to Kovrizhka is very steep; it can only be reached by a rope pulled by kind people. Overcoming fear, go upstairs and a dizzying view will open before us! Almost the entire South Kamysheviy ridge is visible on one side, and on the other, Cape Kuznetsov.

Lunch and dinner at the camp. Overnight.

Day 10.

In the morning after breakfast we pack up the camp, put on our backpacks and set off.

Today we will go through an old abandoned village. Which impresses with its preserved houses on the seashore in the wilderness, where there are no means of communication.

On the way, another ford of the Pereputka river. During rains, the water level rises strongly, which can create an obstacle. But we have already passed many rivers and streams, and this river is not an obstacle to us!

We will have lunch on the river and continue our way to the Brusnichka river. The path goes along the sandy beach.

We set up a camp at the mouth of the Brusnichka River. Dinner. Overnight.

Daily mileage: 16 km

Day 11.

Breakfast. Travel fees. Day of leaving the hike. The last push. Sorry to part with the beauty of Krillon. Many places unknown and unexplored by us are left behind. So there is a reason to return!

A bus will be waiting in Shebunino that will take us to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

Daily mileage: 22 km.

Day 12.

Extra day. In case of bad weather, hot flashes and fatigue of the participants. In case of a good pace of the route, it will be used as an additional day or as an additional day to distribute the mileage according to the participants' strength.

Cape Crillon is the southernmost part of the island. In my understanding, the end of the earth, although there is further than Hokkaido, the Kuriles, Sakhalin ends at Krillon.
Cape Crillon on the map.


12 thousand years ago, the islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaido were one and possibly connected to each other through Krillon. Now they are separated by 40 km of the La Perouse Strait, named after the brigadier of the French army, Count Jean François Halo de la La Perouse. La Perouse's expedition started from France, passed the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, reached the Korean Peninsula and reached Sakhalin along the Strait of Japan, climbed north along the Tatar Strait, then turned around, passed along the strait between Sakhalin and Hokkaido, through the Kuriles again entered the Pacific Ocean and died in the southwestern part of it.

A lighthouse was built at Cape Crillon in 1883 for the safety of navigation. In 1896 a new lighthouse was built, equipped with a lighting fixture of the French company "Barbier et Bernad".

About the most important thing. Where did the name "Crillon" come from? La Pérouse named the cape in honor of Colonel General Louis de Balbes de Burton de Crillon (Crillon) of the French army, famous for his proverbial bravery (pends-toi, brave Crillon, on a vaincn sans toi).

The white balls in the distance are an aircraft detection and guidance station, and radar station 39th radio technical regiment of air surveillance, warning and communications. The same can be seen in.

Every year Sakhalin jeepers arrange a race to Krillon.

A very interesting story from these places can be read at lastdjedai .

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FSBEI HPE "SAKHALIN STATE UNIVERSITY"

INSTITUTE OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOSPHERIC SAFETY

CHAIR OF GEOGRAPHY

GRADUATE QUALIFICATION WORK

"THE NATURE OF THE CRILLION PENINSULA AND ITS TOURIST OPPORTUNITIES"

Student IV course, 421 groups,

Direction: geography Koshelev Viktor Eduardovich

Supervisor,

doctor of Geology, Professor

department of Geography P.F. Brovko

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

2015

Item No.	Name of sections, subsections	P.
	Introduction
	Physical and geographical characteristics of the Krillon Peninsula
	1.1 Geographical position
	1.3 Climate
	1.6 Fauna
	Tourist activities on the Krillon Peninsula
	2.1 Natural Monuments
	2.2 Historic sites
	Development of the water-motor route "Cape Krillon"
	3.1 Description of the area
	3.2 Route description
	Conclusion
	Applications

Introduction

The relevance of the work lies in the fact that the territory of the peninsula has significant tourism potential. A large number of tourists come to the Krillon Peninsula. They are attracted by the unique nature of the peninsula, its historical and natural sites and unforgettable atmosphere. ... Since at this time tourism on Sakhalin is trying to develop, the topic is relevant.

An object: peninsula Crillon.

Thing: The nature of the Krillon Peninsula.

Objective:

Consider and identify the tourist opportunities of the Krillon Peninsula. To assess the natural conditions and resources of the peninsula, for the development of tourism;

To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved:

1) studied the features of the physical and geographical conditions of the Krillon Peninsula according to the literature data;

2) examined the monuments;

3) developed a route.

The work consists of an introduction, a main part including three chapters, a conclusion, a list of sources used, annexes

1 Physical and geographical characteristics of the study area (Krillon peninsula)

1. Geographical position

The Krillon Peninsula is located in the western part of Sakhalin Island (Fig. 1). This island is quite large in size. Its length is 90 km, and its width is from 20 to 40 km. From the southernmost point of the peninsula only 47 km. to Japan, namely to the island of Hokkaido. The territory is characterized by low-mountain relief with absolute heights of up to 500 m. The main orographic unit is the South Kamyshovy Ridge. The dissection of the relief is 200-500 m. The slopes of the spurs of the South Kamyshovy ridge are flat or concave, with a steepness of 10-45 degrees, crossed in 1-2 km by valleys of rivers and streams.

Figure: 1 - Schematic map of the Krillon Peninsula.

1.2 Geological structure and relief

Upper Cretaceous deposits form an irregularly shaped outlet area up to 25 km wide and up to 70 km long. In this area, which is the southernmost within the main Cretaceous field of Sakhalin, the Krasnoyarkovskaya Formation comes to the surface, and more ancient deposits are exposed in the cores of several gently sloping anticlinal structures– tops of the Bykovskaya suite. The section of these formations is well exposed along the Ulyanovka river and its tributaries, as well as along the Kura, Moguchi and partly along the Uryum. A good section is also observed along Gorbusha.

The Bykovskaya suite, or rather its upper part, is well exposed in the coastal outcrops along the river. Ulyanovka and its tributary– r. Branched. A series of siltstones and mudstones is widespread here. The thickness of the outcropping part of the formation is about 300 m. Krasnoyarkovskaya formation along the river. Pink salmon begins with a member of conglomerates, according to the overlying Bykovskaya suite. Above, there are siltstones with sandstone beds about 315 m thick.

The stratigraphically higher part of the Krasnoyarkovskaya suite is composed of sandstones with interlayers of conglomerates up to 400 m thick. Neogene deposits. The Kholmsk Formation is represented by a stratum of tuffite and tuffaceous silty mudstones and siltstones, enclosing interlayers of greenish gray and gray tuffaceous sandstones, tuffs and tuffites, rarely small-pebble conglomerates with tuffaceous-clayey-sandy cement. The formation is up to 800-1100 m thick. The Nevelskaya Formation is composed of greenish-gray and bluish-gray alternating fine and medium-grained tuffaceous siltstones and mudstones, which differ from the rocks of the Kholmskaya Formation in lighter color and better sorted material. Ausinskaya suite. It is represented in the lower part (80-115 m) by bluish-gray fine-grained siltstones, polymictic sandstones, sometimes passing into siltstones along the strike. The suite contains nodules (0.1- 0.2 m) calcareous sandstones.

The upper part of the formation is composed of polymictic siltstones, which are gradually replaced upward by siltstones, argillite-like clays of light, gray and yellowish gray color, with numerous nodules (0.2-0.4 m). The total thickness of the suite is 110-400 m. The Limanskaya suite in the lower part is represented by pythite and agglomerate tuffs with rare beds of tuffaceous sandstones and gravenites. In its upper part, there are pelitic tuffs, agglomerates, and andesite covers. The formation is about 250 m thick. Intrusive formations are represented by subvolcanic bodies of the Miocene– Late Pliocene andesite– basalts. The products of the first stage of this complex include andesite and andesite– basalts, rarely dolerites and andesites– dacites. The Middle Miocene was dominated by near-surface intrusions of basalts, basaltic andesite, and dolerites. The depth of their solidification, obviously, did not exceed 0.5 km. Intrusive formations are presented directly on Cape Krilyon, in the middle reaches of the river. Mighty and upper reaches of the river. Pink salmon.

Neogene volcanic formations. The southernmost point of the manifestation of Neogene volcanism on the territory of Sakhalin should be considered the southern tip of the Krillon Peninsula, which have a Late Miocene– early Pliocene age.

The main part of volcanic formations has a thickness of up to 300 m, they are represented by hyaloclastites, tuffs, tuffites, volcanomictic breccias, conglomerates, gravels and sandstones. Effusive formations are most fully represented along the eastern coast of the Krillon Peninsula, pyroclatic and volcanomictic ones at the southernmost tip of the Peninsula and in the area of \u200b\u200bCape Kuznetsov. The latter is also characterized by the widespread development of subvolcanic formations. Among the Miocene– pliocene volcanic formations are the most widespread from basic andesites, similar to basaltic andesites, to very acidic, such as andesite-dacites.

Figure: 2 - The relief of the Krillon peninsula.

1.3 Climate

The climate of the region is monsoon with features of the continental, due to the proximity of the mainland. Winter with frequent blizzards and snowstorms lasts from November to early April. Spring (April-May) is cold with variable windy weather. Intense melting of snow occurs in May, characterized by alternation of periods of warm, clear and cloudy cool weather with drizzling rains and fogs. Autumn in the first half of September is warm, dry, from mid-September to November, cold and windy. Average annual air temperature is 0.3 ° С. The warmest month is August with an average temperature of + 16.6 ° C. The coldest January is 18.5 ° С. The frost-free period continues 101- 164 days.

The average amount of precipitation is 647 mm per year. The maximum amount of precipitation falls from July to October (317 mm). In summer, the winds of the southern points prevail, in winter - the northern ones. Sea water has a temperature of 15-16 ° C in August, in winter the northern part of the Tatar Strait is covered with ice. A branch of the warm Tsushima Current runs along the coast from north to south, with a velocity of 5-10 cm / sec. The tides are semi-daily, up to 2.3 m high, with an offset of 40-45 minutes.

1.4 Hydrology of land and coastal waters

River network density 1.5- 2.0 km / km 2 ... The largest rivers are on the east bank– Ulyanovka, Uryum, Naycha, Kura, Tambovka. Moguchi has a width of up to 56 m at the mouth, depths of 0.5-2 m, and a current velocity of 0.2-0.8 m / s. The bottom is hard and rocky. The river banks are steep, reaching a height of 2530 m.The river floodplains are up to 1- 1.5 km. Rivers of the west coast (the largest– Shoe, Pink salmon) have a width of 3-4 m, depth 0.3-1 m, fordable even in the estuary. Floods are frequent during the summer and autumn seasons. The maximum is reached in August and September as a result of monsoon rains. The region has a monsoon climate, influenced by a branch of the warm Tsushima current. The warmest snowy winter on the island, the warmest summer. The number of days without sun in a year up to 80, maximum in June - 14 days, minimum in March- April, October - 3-5 days per month. Prevailing winds– western, eastern, northeastern. Air temperature: January– 8-10 ° C; August +16 +18 ° С.

The number of foggy days per year is 20-30. The height of the snow cover is 40-50 cm, it sets in late November and early December, collapses by the end of April. Precipitation per year falls 1000-1200 mm, of which 600-800 mm fall on the warm period, the maximum amount of precipitation falls in August, September.

The coast is shallow. Along the coast there are surface, underwater and drying stones. Near Cape Anastasia, outlier rocks up to 25 m high.The daily tides are irregular, in Aniva Bay up to 1.6 m, in the Tatar Strait up to 0.5 m.

Figure: 3 - Ulyanovka River.

1.5 Land cover

The soils of the western coast are represented by brown humus soddy soils. In the center of the northern part, there are mountain-forest acidic, saturated-humus-rich podzolized soils. The rest of the territory is mountainous, forest, brown, acidic non-podzolized and slightly podzolized. The coast of the northern and central parts is characterized by sea terraces 5-60 m high, sandy beaches 2-20 m wide.In the southern part of the peninsula, rocky cliffs with a height of 20-40 m appear, the beach is interrupted at Cape Konabeyevka to Cape Krillon, with the exception of the site R. Atlasovka– R. Irsha, a strip of boulders and boulders stretches on the coast as a result of coastal deformation.

Of the vegetation, there are mainly birch-bamboo forests, light forests and bamboo thickets in the place of dark coniferous forests with the participation of broad-leaved species. In the central part, in the near-ridge regions, there are still spruce-fir forests with the participation of broad-leaved species. Along the river valleys– floodplain vegetation, tall grasses.

Figure: 4 - Spruce and fir forests.

Endemic species: sedum plant (Sedum pluricaule Kudo ), Sakhalin smolovka (Silene sachalinensis Fr. Schidt), common in the area of \u200b\u200bCape Kuznetsov.

1.6 Fauna

Amphibians: common toad(Bufo bufo), grass frog(Rana temporaria). Reptiles: viviparous lizard(Zootoca vivipara). Birds: ruby-necked nightingale(Luscinia calliope), Okhotsk cricket(Locustella ochotensis), red-eared bunting(Emberiza cioides), collar bunting(Emberiza fucata), Chinese green tea(Carduelis sinica), large snail (Tringa nebularia), herring gull(Larus argentatus), rock gull (Larus canus), pacific gull(Larus schistisagus).

Figure: 5 - Red-necked Nightingale(Luscinia calliope).

Mammals: clawed shrew(Sorex unguiculatus), white hare (Lepus timidus), gray rat (Rattus norvegicus), raccoon dog(Nyctereutes procyonoides), brown bear (Ursus Arktos).

Figure: 6 - Brown bear(Ursus Arktos).

1.7 Historical and geographical outline

For a long time, the territory of the peninsula was an isthmus between Sakhalin and Hokkaido, i.e. was part of the huge Sakhalin-Hokkaid Peninsula. As a result of repeated warming, cooling and climate changes caused by the Ice Age, it changed its shape more than once, until 12 thousand years ago it finally separated from Hokkaido. It was at this time that the "obsidian paths" were cut off - the paths along which the migration of the most ancient obsidian hunters was carried out: raw materials for the manufacture of tools and hunting.

The oldest site on the peninsula is a 5 thousand-year-old site at Cape Kuznetsova. This site belongs to the Yuzhno-Sakhalin culture. The inhabitants of this culture built quadrangular dugouts, used local jasper rocks and siliceous rocks for the manufacture of tools and hunting, as evidenced by the finds at these sites. As a rule, they are confined to high terraces, because the sea level was quite high at that time.

The economy of the ancient tribes was gradually formed. Along with gathering and hunting, the tribes living along the coastline were also engaged in sea gathering and hunting for sea animals. Naturally, fishing traditions also developed. The culture of hunters, fishermen and sea hunters was finally formed by the middle of the 1st millennium BC. and reached its heyday by the 5th century. AD During this period, sites are located along the banks and estuaries of the rivers of the peninsula. Residents made extensive use of the defensive properties of the area, an example is the natural fortress on Cape Vindis. Being on the periphery, however, the inhabitants of Sakhalin felt the influence of the most powerful neighbors, which had a state system by that time: states such as Bohai, the Golden Empire, the Yuan and Ming Empire, expanding their borders to the east, naturally stumbled upon the island. The most tangible for the inhabitants of Sakhalin was the invasion of the Manchu troops in 1286 and 1368. It was at this time that numerous settlements were built on Sakhalin, which are called "chas".

Watch - monuments of historical times, these are earthen structures intended for defense and habitation. Otherwise, we can say that it is a fort or fortification. The distribution area of \u200b\u200bthe watch covers the territory of Japan and Karafuto. The question of who used the watch is controversial, but in general the prevailing opinion is that it was the Ainu. On the Krillon Peninsula, there are Chasi Shiranushi (west coast) and Tisia (east coast). Chasi in Shiranushi is located about 2.5 km to the northwest of Cape Krillon along the western coast, on the bank of an unnamed stream flowing into the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan 100 m west of the settlement. From the northwestern and northeastern winds prevailing in winter, the settlement is covered by Cape Skala in the west and by the spurs of Mount Konechnaya in the east. The fortress occupies a very advantageous military-geographical position - it is located in the center of the sea communication hub. Cape Soya, the islands of Moneron and Rebun lie within the line of sight. These circumstances, in the conditions of the coastal navigation prevailing in antiquity, made the Siranushi area a convenient observation, trade and defensive point. At Cape Krillon one of the 8 most important roads in Japan, connecting Kyushu Island with Primorye, was closed. The name Shiranushi from the Ainu language is translated as "a place where there are many rocks", "a place subject to the action of ebbs and flows."

This fortress has been known since the times of the shogunate-military-feudal government of Japan in 1192-1867. But it is still unknown who, when and for what purpose built it. According to the oral tradition of the natives, Shiranu-si was built by Prince Yoshitsune, who was directly involved in the construction. According to other sources, the Ainu say that the fortress was built during the invasion of "Rebungur", in Ainu - "rebun" - sea, and "gur" is a group of people who arrived from across the sea from the west. The Chinese belonged to the gur. This led to the emergence of 2 different hypotheses, but each of them testifies, at least, to the fact that the construction of the clock was not carried out by the Ainu. The Japanese archaeologist Ito Nobuo believes that of all the fortifications that have survived on Karafuto, only Shiranushi is surrounded by a square rampart, where in the center of each side there is a gate, which is a Chinese-style earthwork. Currently, you will not see a fortification with a similar structure anywhere other than Shiranushi. Probably, the settlement was originally fortified with ramparts on four sides, but over time, due to natural and anthropogenic factors, it lost 2 ramparts. At present, the settlement has numerous traces of economic activity of the last decades: during the construction of the helipad and the laying of roads, the north-eastern rampart of the fortress was destroyed, this happened in the 1940s-1950s. The fortress-settlement is a unique historical monument. Goods from China in transit passed through these points to Japan. They were also centers of trade among the local population.

During the XV-XVII centuries, the Japanese, after the unification of the country under the rule of the emperor from the Tokugawa dynasty, began to actively move northward, displacing the Hokkaido Ainu to the south of Sakhalin. This caused enmity with the Sakhalin clans of the Ainu, Nivkh, Oroks. The first Japanese expedition visited Sakhalin in 1635. It was sent by the head of the Matsumae clan, who extended their influence over the entire island of Hokkaido, in order to explore the lands lying to the north of his possessions. The expedition reached Cape Notoro (Crillon) and was soon forced to return. The following year, the vassal of the Matsumae clan, Komichi Shozaemen, was sent there. He spent more than a year on the island and in 1637, following along the southeastern coast of Sakhalin, reached the Gulf of Patience.

Since the 30s of the seventeenth, the Japanese government began to pursue a policy of self-isolation in order to strengthen the shogun-ta. According to the decrees of 1633-1639. first restricted, and then categorically forbidden, the departure of Japanese nationals

outside the country. The construction of large ships suitable for long voyages was prohibited and, finally, all Japanese ports were closed to foreign ships. At first, such decrees were carried out unquestioningly, but the policy of self-isolation did not stop the vigorous activity of the Matsumae clan in the north. In 1650, 1689, 1700. new expeditions were sent from Hokkaido to Sakhalin. And since 1679, seasonal settlements of Japanese fishermen have appeared in the extreme south of the island. And this was not considered a violation of the prohibitions, since the Japanese government regarded all the Ainu lands as their own.

In the 90s of the eighteenth century. Japanese trading posts appear on Sakhalin. The largest shopping center was the village of Siranusi. Ainu, Nivkh (Amur and Sakhalin), Manchu and Chinese merchants came here to conclude trade deals with the Japanese. At the turn of the XVIIIXIX centuries. on extreme Sakhalin, Japanese government officials and sentry posts appear.

At the end of the eighteenth century. European researchers are showing interest in Sakhalin and the Kuriles. The Dutch expedition M.G. The Friza Krillon Peninsula was mistaken for the continuation of Hokkaido, due to the mist, which is frequent for this time of year. The error lasted for almost 100 years, until in 1787 the French navigator J.F. During his expedition, La Perouse did not discover the strait named after himself, and did not describe the western coast of Sakhalin.

Stumbling in the north on the shoals and considering the island a peninsula, he descended south and anchored near Cape Maydel. During the stay, he took on board the inhabitants of the Krillon Peninsula, replenished fresh water supplies and dispatched a small group of researchers to the shore, who climbed to the city of Krillon and examined the surroundings. In the south of Sakhalin, French names appeared that have survived to this day: Moneron, Crillon, De Langle.

Moving from south to north and from north to south, expanding the borders of their states, Japan and Russia collided finally and irrevocably at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The construction of military posts and temporary fishing settlements by the Japanese gave rise to a natural enmity in which the locals found themselves a third party between a rock and a hard place. Krillon, due to its geographical proximity, was under the influence of Japan for a long time, until the entire territory of Sakhalin finally became part of Russia. This was achieved through difficult negotiations, as a result of which the St. Petersburg Treaty was signed on April 25, 1875. Under the agreement, Japan ceded the rights to Sakhalin in exchange for the Kuril Islands belonging to Russia (north of Urup to Shumshu inclusive). A few months later, an additional clause was signed in Tokyo providing for the right of residents of the exchanged territories to remain in permanent place residence in the areas they occupy, while maintaining complete freedom to engage in trades without any tax. These benefits did not apply to the indigenous population.

Despite the signed agreement, the Japanese continued to fish in the immediate vicinity of the coast and pester them for repair work. In addition to a few settlements in the north of the Krillon peninsula, both along the western and eastern coast, it was uninhabited during the cold season. With the warming, fishing by Japanese poachers resumed. And this continued until the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905. Cape Krillon was a very dangerous place for ships carrying various cargoes to the Korsakov post. In particular, on May 17, 1887 near Cape Siranusi, the Volunteer Fleet steamer Kostroma, following from the Korsakov post to Douai, was wrecked. Due to inaccuracies in nautical charts, the vessel ran into stones and sank on May 23. In this regard, in 1888, a topographic party was sent to Krillon under the leadership of S.A. Varyagin, consisting of 22 people. The geodetic coordinates of the Sony (Kuznetsov), Tisia (Anastasia) and Krillon capes were determined, the coastline was refined and the depths were measured in the La Perouse Strait. In memory of the death of "Kostroma" on the shore was built a small chapel from the wreckage of the ship with the face of Nikolai Ugodnik and the inscription "Kostroma 1887".

Naturally, it became necessary to build a lighthouse on Crillon for the safety of ships. The astronomical point at Cape Krillon was determined back in 1867 by Lieutenant Staritsky, and in 1883 the construction of the lighthouse began. The work was carried out for 35 days by thirty convicts. During this time, a wooden tower with a height of 8.5 m was built, a house for the caretaker, a vegetable garden, and all this was surrounded by a fence. In addition, a powder magazine was built and a road was laid to the coast. The lighthouse was built by captain V.Z. Kazarinov. The lighthouse was equipped with a lighting apparatus with 15 argon lamps and a reflector, in addition, a 20-pound bell and a two-pound cannon were supplied. The lighthouse was visible 15 miles away. On June 30, 1883, the lighthouse was consecrated by the bishop of Korsakov Lent.

Martimian, specially arrived from Blagoveshchensk. In 1885, a 12-meter tower was built by exiled convicts, specially brought to the cape, in order to install it on the Stone of Danger. The steamer "Tunguz", which arrived to help in the installation of this tower, did not cope with the work, so the tower was dismantled and taken to the Imperial Harbor in Primorye, where it was installed at the entrance to the harbor. The most disturbing time of the end of the nineteenth century. for the inhabitants of the Krillonsky lighthouse, it was 1885, when 40 prisoners fled from the Korsakov post. Most of them along the eastern coast reached the Krillon lighthouse, where they plundered a food warehouse, captured boats and fled by sea to Japan. There they presented themselves as German sailors, but were exposed and sent back to Sakhalin. In fact, the Krillonsky lighthouse, being the only settlement in the extreme southwest of Sakhalin, was a rather attractive object for fugitive convicts. In September 1885, another group of convicts fled from the Korsakov post and killed the senior warden and his assistant near Cape Ventosa. In memory of this villainous act, the cape was renamed to Cape Kanabeev.

Since ancient times, Cape Kanabeyev has won fame as one of the most inaccessible places on the Aniva coast. The Ains, who hunted seals and sea lions near the cape, called him Vennochi -"Evil demon". Since the middle of the 19th century, Japanese fishermen, who have arranged seasonal settlements here, called its rocky promontory and stone banks near it Randomari - “stop on the way”. The fugitive convicts, reaching the village of Tonnay (Okhotskoe), brutally killed 11 Ainu, including a 4-year-old child and an elder. Then four convicts moved from the lake. Tunaycha to the lake. Chibisanskoe, they stole a boat and on it, leaving the Aniva Bay, went to the Krillon lighthouse. On October 3, 20 versts from the lighthouse, they noticed the senior warden of the Tymov prison, the nobleman Kanabeev, who, with several exiled convicts, was driving a herd of bulls bought from the lighthouse keeper. Declaring that they were going to surrender, the runaways joined the warden. One of them hacked to death Kanabeev and one of the exiled. The murderer, who was caught later, was sentenced to death by hanging. And the cape was renamed in memory of those events, but the new name did not take root right away.

On August 7, 1894, construction began on the capital building for the lighthouse at Cape Krillon. The construction was carried out by foremen Shipulin and Yakovlev with the help of 25 Korean workers. Red bricks were imported from Japan, Origon pine from America. The lighthouse was to be equipped with a Barbier et Bernard lighting fixture. By August 1, 1896, all work was completed. The building was built and combined with living quarters, a new siren was installed for signaling in foggy weather, a new bell weighing 488 kg. So it has remained to this day. Only the living quarters were converted into utility rooms, the bell was removed in 1980 and is located in the military unit in Korsakov, and instead of it there is a reserve bell of Japanese production at the lighthouse from the lighthouse at Cape Veslo in Kunashir.

At the end of the nineteenth century. the Far Eastern borders of Russia were guarded by the ships of the Siberian Flotilla, which have been based in Vladivostok since 1897. The ships carried a cruising service, carried out a wide variety of assignments from hydrological research to postal and passenger transportation... One of these ships was the sea gunboat Sivuch. In the summer of 1889, the commander of the Sivuch, Captain 2nd Rank Kasherininov, received an unusual assignment from the head of the Pacific squadron Nazimov: the boat was supposed to accompany the head of the South Ussuriysk mountain expedition, engineer D.L. Ivanov, who studied the geological structure of the shores of the Tatar Strait and the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan.

On August 16, the Sivuch sailed to the La Perouse Strait along the eastern coast of the Krillon Peninsula. According to D.L. The Ivanov coast was geologically interesting, so the ship sailed 3-4 km from the coast, making frequent stops. Taking this opportunity, the sailors constantly measured the depths. However, they could not put them on the map due to the large inaccuracies of the coastal contour on it. D.L. Ivanov carried out geological research in the Kuznetsovo Bay.

On September 22, 1895, the Krillon lighthouse was visited by Admiral S.O. Makarov, where a staff with divisions was installed to measure fluctuations of water masses in the La Perouse Strait. Even earlier, in 1893, a meteorological station of the 2nd category I class was built near the lighthouse. At the end of 1896, a total solar eclipse was observed from the Krillon lighthouse by an expedition specially sent for this under the leadership of Major General E.V. Maydel.

XX century was marked by the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. The team of the Krillon lighthouse was strengthened to 15 people instead of 8. The telegraph line from the Krillon lighthouse to Korsakov was built on September 30, 1904, despite the fact that the question of its construction was raised back in 1893. There was little sense from this line, because ... the lighthouse keeper, along with the team, was often intoxicated. The duties of the caretaker were practically performed by his 12-year-old daughter, who was engaged in warehouses and the content of the team.

On April 25, Second Lieutenant P. Mordvinov arrived at Krillon at the head of a detachment of 40 vigilantes and the 1st non-commissioned officer. This detachment carried out the repair of the telegraph line in the area of \u200b\u200bthe m. Krillon r. Uryum, as well as the destruction of Japanese crafts and kungas. Acting at his own peril and risk, P. Mordvinov with a detachment destroyed the pirate base on the island. Moneron. The search for the detachment by the Japanese was not crowned with success. The return of the detachment to the cape coincided with the beginning of hostilities on Sakhalin; the defense of the lighthouse was prepared in 2 days. However, on June 26, a Japanese landing squad consisting of the cruisers Suma and Chiyoda and 4 destroyers approached the lighthouse. Peter Mordvinov, seeing the numerical superiority of the Japanese, gave the order to retreat in full force, leaving the lighthouse. The caretaker and sailor Burav remained at the lighthouse, who tried to burn the lighthouse, but the caretaker forbade him to do this, fearing to be punished by the Japanese.

The sub-lieutenant's detachment, having made a 7-day march, connected with the detachment of the captain Dvirsky in the village. Petropalovskoe. After holding out in the forests for a month and a half, on August 17, he was completely destroyed by the Japanese in the upper reaches of the river. Nyba. This was the end of the Krillon detachment under the command of Peter Mordvinov, whom the Japanese themselves respected for their exploits, considering it a worthy enemy.

Period 1905-1945 on the Krillon Peninsula was marked by the appearance of the first permanent settlements. The main type of settlement on the peninsula was similar to the Japanese settlement system in Hokkaido. At the mouths of large rivers, as a rule, there was a large village, and a road with a chain of farms went deep into the peninsula along river valleys. The main occupation of the local population, consisting mainly of Japanese settlers, remained fishing, but logging (east coast) and coal mining (west coast) were already mixed with it. In addition, the population was engaged in gardening. During this period, at least 50 settlements were created, most of them were farms. Large peninsula-scale settlements existed along both coasts, had post offices, schools, shops. Immediately after the capture of South Sakhalin, the Japanese began to break through the road to the Krillonsky lighthouse south along the eastern coast. The lighthouse itself was repaired, next to it a meteorological station with a well-thought-out rainwater collection system was built. The meteorological station began work in July 1909. In 1914, a lighthouse complex was built at Cape Soni (Kuznetsova). On the eastern coast of the peninsula, apparently, at the same time, two towers were built in Kirillovo and at Cape Anastasia. In August 1945, the 2nd battalion of the 25th Infantry Regiment was stationed at Cape Krillon. The Soviet paratroopers who landed to liberate the southwestern tip of Sakhalin Island met with fierce resistance from the Japanese. Unfortunately, the names of the paratroopers are unknown, as well as their number resting in a mass grave on the southernmost point of Sakhalin. At the end of the war, the lighthouse was repaired and put into operation. 1945-1947 the population of the Krillon Peninsula was repatriated. In 1947, Japanese place names were replaced by Russians. Russian settlers settled on the peninsula and settled in the same villages. Japanese farms were looted and turned into hunting lodges, some of them burned down, others gradually collapsed.

The central settlements survived longer, but they were also closed in 1963, 1964, 1965, 1978, 1982. The largest ones - Atlasovo, Pereput'e, Khvostovo - “held out” the longest. Previously, it was possible to get to Cape Anastasia by a regular bus, but now, when the upper road to Cape Kanabeyev is abandoned, you can walk or by sea. Historians and archaeologists are attracted here by monuments of ancient and medieval history, tourists and photographers - the beauty of the "stone garden" on the right bank of the river. Anastasia. The traditional name of the cape is Tisiya, after his name the Japanese fishermen called seasonal fishing, which stood at the end of the 19th century, and the village during the period of the Karafuto governorship. The first Russian name was given by Lieutenant N.V. Rudanovsky during a trip to South Sakhalin. On January 14, 1854 Rudanovsky crossed the Aniva Bay on skis from Siranusi. The food ran out, it was not possible to replenish them in Siranushi, so the first cape, which he had to bypass mountains, he called Hungry. It is under this name that it is placed on the map compiled by the lieutenant.

On Russian maps of the 19th and 20th centuries. both the new and the old name of the cape are mentioned. A number of sources give the name - the rocks of Two Brothers, which gave the name to the flowing river. During the reign of the first Soviet administration, the civil administration apparatus carried out a lot of work to rename the settlements. In one of the first versions in the "Help on the renaming of settlements ..." p. Tisia was renamed Anastasia. In the column "Notes" the explanation is given - "but consonant, accepted by the sailors." Many fishing boats did not have their own maps, but used old Japanese ones. In 1947, the executive committee of the Aniva District Council of Working People's Deputies renamed s. Tisia in Atlasovo "in honor of the discoverer of Sakhalin Atlasov." The village existed under this name until its abolition in March 1978. Now the border post located in the valley bears this name. At present, the situation on the peninsula is the same as 100 years ago: a lighthouse and a meteorological station are functioning on the Krillon Cape, military and border units are stationed, fishing camps are scattered throughout the eastern and western coast during the fishing season, which will wind down their work by autumn. Along the western coast to the south of Shebunino there are 2 border outposts "Crossroads" and "Extreme", occupied not so much with the protection of the border as with survival, along the east coast south of Kirillovo there is one at Cape Anastasia, the position of which is the most difficult due to isolation ... In 1948-51. there was the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky nature reserve on the peninsula. The short precept ended during the Stalinist transformation of nature. On March 14, 1972, the turbulent and sad history of the Krillon Peninsula Wildlife Sanctuary begins. Here is a brief retelling of the story from the documents that we managed to find (see appendices a, b).

2 Tourist activities on the Krillon peninsula

2.1 Natural Monuments

The territory of the Krillon peninsula is rich in tourist natural sites. Types of tourism are mainly water and hiking. The historical and unique natural sites of the peninsula are especially popular.

Cape Crillon can rightfully be called an open-air museum. The students of SakhSU professor A.A. Vasilevsky, three hundred meters from Cape Crillon, they found a camp of people who lived here seven thousand years ago. Shards of Jurchen dishes were found (Jurchen - tribes that inhabited the territory of Manchuria, Central and Northeastern China, North Korea and Primorsky Krai in the 10th-15th centuries. They spoke the Jurchen language of the Tungus-Manchu group. The largest state of the Chzhurchens existed in 1115-1234 years34 .), the Far Eastern empire killed by the warriors of Genghis Khan, about three kilometers from the cape, on a terrace near the Pekarny river, the remains of a fortress, known to archaeologists as the Krillon settlement, or Siranusi, were found. The erection of a lighthouse at Cape Krillon was entrusted to the head of the Hydrographic section of the ports of the Eastern Ocean, Captain V.Z. Kazarinov. Construction began on May 13, 1883. The work, in which 30 prisoners took part, lasted 35 days. A wooden tower with a height of 8.5 m, a house for the caretaker, a barracks, a bathhouse were installed. The lighting apparatus with silver-plated reflectors was equipped with 15 argan lamps. To produce fog signals, a two-pound signal cannon and a 20-pound bell were installed at the lighthouse. On June 24, a test lighting of the lighthouse was carried out: in good weather, the fire was visible 15 miles away.

In the early 90s of the XIX century, there was a need to build new lighthouses and leading signs on Sakhalin. On the one hand, this was caused by the emergence of new improved lighthouse systems, and on the other hand, by the deplorable state of the Sakhalin lighthouses. The Main Hydrographic Department in St. Petersburg developed a "Plan for the production of lighthouse works in the Eastern Ocean", calculated for the years 1892-1897.

A contract was signed with the French firm "Barbier et Benard", which proved itself so brilliant that even England, known for its maritime priorities, bought its lighting devices for lighthouses. They consisted of one kerosene burner (instead of 15 oil burners on old systems) and gave a beam of light with the power of 150,000 candles instead of several hundred on old ones. The light from the burner was focused in a lens up to 1.5 m in diameter, consisting of several rows of glass rings, mounted in a bronze frame.

Work on the construction of new lighthouses began in 1894. On August 7, the construction of the new Krillon lighthouse began from the bricks brought from Japan. Engineer-colonel K.I. Leopold, who supervised the work, explained the decision to build a red brick lighthouse by the peculiarities of the terrain: if you look at the lighthouse from the sea, it merges with the sky, so it was necessary to make it more prominent.

By August 1, 1896, the installation and adjustment of the lighting apparatus were completed at the Krillon Lighthouse. A new pneumatic siren with a kerosene engine manufactured by the British company "Kanter, Harl and K" was installed in a room located at the southernmost point of Cape Crillon. It was intended to provide "fog signals" with a duration of 5 s at intervals of 100 s. A special signal cannon of the 1867 model was located next to the siren building.

There have been many remarkable events in the history of the Krillonsky lighthouse, one of which was a visit to the lighthouse by the famous Russian explorer and navigator, Admiral S.O. Makarov.

On September 22, 1895, in the logbook of the Krillonsky lighthouse, the keeper R. Shulganovich made an entry: “The cruiser Kornilov arrived at the lighthouse. Rear Admiral Makarov, who visited the lighthouse, ordered the installation of a tide stock. A century-old stamp is engraved on the W side. The surviving remains of the century mark today are the only evidence of S.O. Makarov's visit to Sakhalin Island. Cape Crillon was observed by A.P. Chekhov on board the steamer "Baikal" during his Sakhalin voyage in 1890. On the territory of the cape, you can find the remnants of the Japanese and Soviet fortified areas (pillboxes, a network of underground passages designed to defend the southern borders of the island), buildings made of red Japanese bricks from the tsarist construction, there is also an active military and border unit, a meteorological station of a very original construction (a building with rainwater intake). This weather station began operations in July 1909, carrying out meteorological and marine coastal observations.

Figure: 7 - Cape Crillon.

Cape Vindis (Mr. Kovrizhka) with its shape resembles a cake with walls sheer breaking off in all directions. A narrow isthmus connects it to the coast. The name is translated from the Ainu language as "bad dwelling". The Ainu called the capes bad, bad, which were dangerous to go around by boat and had to go around the coast. For its trapezoidal shape, the cape is also called Kovrizhka. Several archaeological sites of ancient people were found on its flat top (height 78 m). You can climb to the top of the mountain only along its eastern slope overgrown with forbs, using a rope located there.

Figure: 8 - Cape Vindis.

Cape Kuznetsov Is a state zoological natural monument of regional significance, founded in 1986. The name of the cape was given in honor of Captain 1st Rank D.I. Kuznetsov, who commanded the first detachment that sailed to the Far East in 1857 to guard the Russian borders.

The cape is located on the southwestern coast of the Crillon Peninsula. The relief of the site is represented by a flattened plateau-like surface and steep sea coasts. Since 1857, detachments of Pacific Ocean ships were sent to the Far East to protect the outskirts of Russia. The first detachment was commanded by Captain D.I. Kuznetsov, after whom the cape was named. In the south, it ends in a rock that resembles a man's face in profile. In the central part of the cape, at its very tip, there is the Kuznetsova lighthouse, built by the Japanese in 1914. Previously, the cape and the bay were called Sony, which in translation from the Ainu means columnar stones or reefs and reflects the peculiarities of this place. On the cape there is a seal rookery, as well as a large colony of seabirds - cormorants, gulls, auks.

The underwater world of the cape is very beautiful and interesting, in many ways similar to the island of Moneron. The cape is of the greatest ornithological value: the main migratory routes of birds pass along the eastern and western coasts. Cormorants, falcon, gulls, guillemots, hawks nest on the almost treeless slopes of the sea terraces. The rarest bird species listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and the Sakhalin Oblast are noted here: Japanese crane, horned moorhen, green pigeon, Japanese starling, mandarin duck, middle egret, Japanese white-eyed, red-footed carrion, peregrine falcon, Japanese quail, etc.

If you climb the Kuznetsovsky plateau in good weather, you can see Japan: the high cone of the Rishiri volcano island, Rebun island, Hokkaido island.

Figure: 9 - Cape Kuznetsov.

Waterfalls of Cape Zamirailova Golova... Cape Zamirailova Golova is long and narrow, connected to the land by an elongated sandy cofferdam 25-29 m high.In the lowest elevation of this area there are two waterfalls 25 and 28 m high (1.5 km north of the mouth of the Zamirailovka River).

Figure: 10 - Waterfall of Cape Zamirailova Golova.

Stone of Danger... A rock located 14 km southeast of Cape Krillon - the southernmost point of Sakhalin Island - in the La Perouse Strait. It is a small group of naked stones without vegetation. The length is about 150 m, the width is about 50 m, the height is 7.9 m. For Europeans it was discovered in August 1787 by the expedition of La Perouse, who called the Dangerous rock (fr. La Dangereuse), since it greatly impeded the movement of ships along the La Perouse Strait. which was aggravated by frequent fogs in the summer. To avoid collisions, sailors were exhibited on the ships, whose duty was to listen to the roar of sea lions on the Danger Stone. In 1913, a concrete tower with a self-contained lighthouse 18 m high was erected on the cliff, a fog bell was installed next to it.

Figure: 11 - Stone of Danger.

Some of the information about the monuments in this area is reflected in reports and field studies as Sakhalin archaeologists. Many of them have been published. For example, SM Pervukhin made a great contribution to the study of monuments and the entire peninsula.

In this help, this information is supplemented and summarized as much as possible. The work on the description of archaeological sites in this area and the search for new ones are due to the urgent need to carry out protective measures caused by the rapid economic development of the coast in last years... In addition to the traditional summer distant pastures of the Pogranichny state farm, seasonal fishing brigades have recently set up camp here on each river. The estuarine sections on the Bachinskaya, Kopilka, and Yuzhnaya Pochinka rivers were completely destroyed. Settlement South Pochinka. The settlement is located 8 km south-west of the village of Taranay. It is located on a promontory terrace on the right bank. South Pochinka. In a row, there are 5 pits of semi-underground dwellings with square outlines ranging in size from 5 to 10 m in diameter, up to 0.5 m deep. The territory of the settlement is overgrown with small birch forests, bamboo, grass and shrubs. On the outcrops of the cultural layer, lifting material was collected - fragments of pottery "nadzi" - thick-walled ceramic vessels with inner ears, used by the Ainu of South Sakhalin in the 13th-16th centuries. The settlement was first investigated by the researchers of the archaeological laboratory of the YUSGPI A.A. Vasilevsky and I.A. Samarin in 1992.

2.2 Historic sites

Fortification building

Remains of an engineering structure, most likely a Japanese searchlight post or artillery position, were found 2.5 km northeast of Cape Krillon. At the edge of terrace 20, there is a lunette surrounded on three sides by a low shaft. From it, perpendicular to the edge of the terrace, there is a flat trench 3 m wide. The trench 75 m long ends with a concrete shelter, from which two chambers have survived. The north chamber is a gated hangar that housed a mobile searchlight, the south warehouse or dwelling. The western part of the building has collapsed, the remains of a hangar and a utility room with a stove have been preserved.

Figure: 12 - Fortification.

Shebunino parking lot 1 (Minaminajoshi)

Located along the banks of the river. Shebuninka near the mouth. Found stone tools and pottery from the Epidzemon, Susuya and Towada cultures.

Figure: 13 - Shebunino parking lot 1.

Site Ivanovka 1 (Muidomari)

It is located on a 6-10-meter sandy sea terrace 3.5 km south of the Shebunino village along the banks of a stream with a waterfall. The monument was opened by Kimura Shinroku in 1932. In 1981 S.V. Gorbunov collected lifting material here, and in 1988-1989. carried out excavations, as a result of which from an excavation area of \u200b\u200b328 sq. m, 92,000 artifacts and ecofacts were obtained, including many wood and faunal remains, wood, bone, stone and ceramics of the Enour type dating back to the 7th-8th centuries. H.E. Of greatest interest are wood products: bows, arrows, details of traps and crossbows, bow drills for making fire, figurines of animals, mainly pigs, which speaks of the development of pig breeding.

3 Development of the water-motor route "Cape Krillon"

The thread of the route : Shebunino village - Krugly cape - Kuznetsov cape - Krillon cape - Anastasia cape - Kanabeyevka cape - Kirillovo village.

Trekking area : the route passes through the territory of the Moscow region: "Nevelsky urban district" and "Anivsky urban district".

Type of tourism: water (pedestrian).

Season: June-September.

Duration: 3-4 days.

Length: 170 km.

Difficulty: 2nd category of complexity. Age, number and experience of participants. The recommended age of participants is from 16 years old. For a safe passage of the route, the recommended group size is up to 15 people. To participate in a water trip, you need experience in passing routes 1-2 class.

Cost: 64,000 rubles.

3.1 Description of the area

On the map, Sakhalin Island resembles a fish. The left end of the “tail fin” is occupied by the Krillon Peninsula. Its length is 90 km, and its width is from 20 to 40 km. Due to the large cloud cover, the duration of solar activity on the island is an order of magnitude lower than on the mainland. But the Krillon peninsula is the warmest place in the Sakhalin region. Periodically, residents of urban areas can enjoy warm and even hot, sunny and dry summers. The coastal strip is indented by wide openings with dense green grass and small mountain-type rivers flowing into the Tatar Strait. The largest of them are Lovetskaya, Nevelskaya, Kazachka. There are small mountain lakes, waterfalls, mineral springs.

For a long time, the territory of the peninsula was an isthmus between Sakhalin and Hokkaido, i.e. Krillon was in the past part of the huge Sakhalin-Hokkaid peninsula. As a result of warming and cooling caused by ice ages, it changed its shape more than once, until 12 thousand years ago it finally separated from Hokkaido. It was at this time that the "obsidian" paths "broke off - the paths along which the migration of the most ancient hunters for obsidian, raw material for the manufacture of tools and hunting, took place.

The Dutch expedition M.G. The Friza Krillon Peninsula was mistaken for the continuation of Hokkaido, due to the mist, which is frequent for this time of year. The error lasted for almost 100 years, until in 1787 the French navigator J.F. During his expedition, La Pérouse did not discover the strait, which was later named after him, and did not describe the western coast of Sakhalin. Faced in the north with shallow water and, considering the island a peninsula, he went south and anchored near Cape Maydel. During this stay, he received on board the inhabitants of the Krillon Peninsula, replenished fresh water supplies, sent a small group of researchers ashore, which climbed Mount Crillon and examined the surroundings. In the south of Sakhalin, French names appeared that have survived to the present day - Moneron, Crillon, De Langle.

Krillon, due to its geographical proximity, was under the influence of Japan for a long time, until finally the entire territory of Sakhalin began to belong to Russia. However, this did not prevent the Japanese from fishing in the immediate vicinity of the coast, sticking to the coast, carrying out repair work there. In addition to a few settlements in the north of the peninsula, both along the western and eastern shores, it was uninhabited in the cold season, with warming, fishing was resumed by Japanese poachers. This continued until the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905.

The Krillon Peninsula is a rather unique place for its beauty. The landscapes of the peninsula are rich in their history, as well as pleasantly surprise with the diversity of fauna and flora. Here you can find rare plants and observe various animals and birds. On the Krillon Peninsula, the places of settlement of the former population of the peninsula - the Japanese and the Ainu - have been partially preserved to this day. The bucket port and Cape Kanabeev, which is a historical monument, are also unique.

The southernmost point of the peninsula is the eponymous cape Krillon. The name was given by the great French navigator Jean-François de La Pérouse in honor of the French commander Louis-Balbes de Crillon. From the north, the cape is connected by a narrow but high and steep isthmus with the Krillon Peninsula, which is washed by the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan in the west, and by the waters of Aniva Bay in the east. In the south, there is the La Perouse Strait, separating Sakhalin and Hokkaido islands. An old Russian signal cannon has been preserved at Cape Krillon, a weather station is in operation, a Pacific Fleet lighthouse and a military unit are located here.

The first temporary lighthouse, Krillon, was built on May 13, 1883. The building of the lighthouse was a log wooden tower with a height of 8.5 meters. At the same time, a barracks for the lighthouse keepers, a bathhouse and other outbuildings were built. The lighthouse's lighting device consisted of 15 oil-filled argan lamps and was equipped with a silver-plated reflector. The lighthouse's fire gave off a continuous white light. To send signals in the fog, the lighthouse had a two-pound signal cannon and a 20-pound bell.

Figure: 16 - The first temporary Krillon beacon.

On August 7, 1894, construction began on a new lighthouse building next to the old building made of red bricks brought from Japan. By August 1, 1896, work on the construction of a new lighthouse building was completed and a new lighting device from a French company was installed on the lighthouse. In the post-war years, in 1980, the inhabitants of the Krillonsky lighthouse, who lived in the lighthouse-technical building, moved to a newly built 8-apartment building. A 3-kilometer water supply was connected to it, and a pumping station was built. The lighthouse also underwent alteration - the gable roof was dismantled. The new flat roof was flooded with var, but now it does not help, and the building flows mercilessly so that sometimes it closes the contacts on the equipment.

In the 1950s, at the southernmost tip of Cape Crillon, there was a small monument made of natural stone and erected, according to the recollections of old-timers, in 1945. By the decision of the Sakhalin Regional Executive Committee of March 9, 1971 No. 98, the monument was put under state protection.

Part of the route runs along the territory of the zoological natural monument of regional significance "Cape Kuznetsova". The territory of the natural monument is the only year-round rookery for sea lions and seals in the south of Sakhalin. The valley of the Kuznetsovka River is home to many rare plant species and a nesting site for rare bird species. Main objects of protection: sea lions and seals rookeries; nesting places for rare bird species; places of growth of rare and endemic plant species listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and the Sakhalin Region.

Security mode: the water route does not pass through a specially protected natural area; in case of organizing a walking tour, it is necessary to familiarize oneself with the regime of protection of the natural monument of regional significance “Cape Kuznetsova”.

Route description

The route is very popular. Among Sakhalin tourists, it is interesting for pedestrians, jeepers and water tourists traveling on motor-sailing ships or sea kayaks. The route is replete with a large number of capes, impassable pressure areas, complicated by the lack of settlements. This route is especially interesting if you observe the shores of the Krillon Peninsula from the sea, traveling on small boats.

The route can start from the village of Shebunino, which can be reached by vehicles of any cross-country ability. The first amazing place that a traveler sees from the sea is Cape Vindis and Mount "Kovrizhka", which is located on the cape and is a rock with a flat top and steep, almost sheer walls. From a distance, the cape looks like an island: when viewed from the north and south it is trapezoidal, and from the west it is square. Around this rock you can see many large stones of different shapes and types, crabs and seals are also found here. On the flat top of the cape (height 78 m), several archaeological sites of ancient people were found.

The name Cape Vindis is translated from the Ainu language as "bad dwelling". The Ainu called the capes bad, bad capes, which were dangerous to go around by boat and had to go around the coast. For its trapezoidal shape, the mountain on the cape is also called "Kovrizhka". You can climb to the top of the mountain only along its eastern slope, overgrown with forbs, but the last 7-8 m to overcome without special equipment is quite difficult.

Further along the route, there is another interesting place - the zoological natural monument “Cape Kuznetsova”. This place is also notable for the beauty of the coast. In the direction of the southwest, a strip of sheer cliffs with heights of up to 50-60 meters stretches for 2300 meters. Of the geomorphological objects, one can distinguish giant "fingers", "arches", "gates" - all this is scattered in a picturesque disorder not far from the coast. The shores themselves hang menacingly over the surface of the water, forming huge wave-breaking niches. The vast bench zone extends into the strait at about 600-800 m, so in calm sunny weather the waves do not reach the coast. In the south, the cape ends in a rock that resembles a man's face in profile.

At present, in the lower reaches of the Kuznetsovka River, there is Noah's Ark - this is how the people call the subsidiary farm of the Cape Kuznetsov enterprise. This closed place is fenced off by a cordon, behind which there is an ecovillage. There is a small church on the territory of the ecovillage. And indeed, who and what is not here - horses, pigs, goats, rams, turkeys, ducks, geese graze on the seashore. Wild animals also found shelter - porcupine, ostriches, Yashka the fox, Masha the bear.

In the central part of Cape Kuznetsov (the Japanese called him Sonya), at the very tip there is the Kuznetsovo lighthouse, built by the Japanese in 1914. Its height above sea level is 78.5 m. Earlier, the cape and bay were called Sony, which in translation from the Ainu means columnar stones or reefs and reflects the peculiarities of this place.

The southern end of Cape Kuznetsov turns into a two-kilometer beach, stretching westward to the long and narrow Cape Zamirailova Golova. The cape has a height of 87.5 m. There is a trigger point at the top. The elongated cape is surrounded from the north by the Kamoi bay, on which there are sandy beaches, from the south is the Zamirailova Golova cape.

Moving south, the route comes to the long-awaited Cape Crillon - the southern point of the peninsula. This is one large Japanese fortified area where you can walk for weeks in search of military pillboxes, underground passages, cannons, trenches. In these places, it is worth visiting the Krillon lighthouse with a height of more than 8 meters, which has a unique and long history, as well as a monument erected on the cape in honor of the soldiers who died during the liberation of southern Sakhalin in 1945. It is recommended to take a day off at Cape Crillon to explore the local attractions. There is a frontier post on the cape, where you need to register your visit. Also, for the movement of small vessels, notification of the border service is required.

Further, the route will go along the other coast of Sakhalin along the Aniva Bay already in a northern direction through the interesting and beautiful capes of Anastasia, Kanabeev and ends at the mouth of the Uryum River (the old village of Kirillovo). Fishing camps are common along this stretch, and set nets in the sea (care must be taken on small boats). From the Uryum River you can go by road to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

In general, when entering a route on a small vessel, it is necessary to take into account the risks associated with the weather, it changes very quickly in this area. When passing Cape Crillon, it is necessary to take into account the rifts and constant currents of the La Perouse Strait.

List of attractions and tourist attractions: Cape Vindis, Cape Kuznetsov, sea lion rookery at Cape Kuznetsov, Cape Krillon, s. Atlasov, Cape Kanabeev; along the entire route, beautiful landscapes, picturesque sea and hills open up.

Arrival and departure from the route: you can reach the beginning of the route by vehicles of any cross-country ability to the village of Shebunino; Departure from the route runs from the mouth of the Uryum River (Kirillovo village).

Emergency entry, exit or exit options: on the section of the route from the village of Shebunino to Cape Krillon, you can leave the route by off-road transport. Of particular difficulty by car is the Kuznetsov Cape Pass and the pressure in front of Krillon. It is also possible to leave by off-road vehicles on the eastern section of Krillon from the Uryum River to the Mogucha River (a particular difficulty is the passage of cars through river mouths). On the section from Cape Krillon to the Mogucha River, exit from the route is possible only on foot (through Cape Kanabeev, no passage) or by water transport.

Parking places and their description. It is easy to choose a good camp: large meadows, a sufficient amount of firewood, clear water of shallow streams flowing into the sea, will make it as comfortable as possible to equip the camp.

The most interesting and convenient parking areas:

1. Cape Vindis - north side, there is a small stream, a good meadow, little firewood.

2. Cape Kuznetsova (Komoi Bay) - a beautiful cozy place, sheltered from the wind, lots of firewood, water from small streams.

3. The mouth of the Pekarnya river (a ravine in front of Cape Crillon) - convenient parking, good water, firewood along the beach.

4. Cape Anastasia - a convenient bucket for settling in bad weather, the territory is polluted with industrial debris, often there is a fishing camp.

Conclusion

The purpose of the work was to consider and identify the tourist opportunities of the Krillon Peninsula and assess the natural conditions and resources of the peninsula for the development of tourism.

To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were set before the work:

1. The geographical position of the peninsula determines its uniqueness. The Krillon Peninsula is a rather unique place for its beauty. The landscapes of the peninsula are rich in their history, as well as pleasantly surprise with the diversity of fauna and flora. Here you can find rare plants and observe various animals and birds. On the Krillon Peninsula, the places of settlement of the former population of the peninsula - the Japanese and the Ainu - have been partially preserved to this day. The bucket port and Cape Kanabeev, which is a historical monument, are also unique.

2. A large number of natural and historical monuments, some of which are difficult to access, in addition to their uniqueness, this even more attracts tourists.

3. Despite all the beauty of this place, the peninsula is far from being a tourist destination. There are no excursions and tours here, there are no tourist bases. This is due to the fact that two currents meet near the Krillon peninsula. Cold from the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk and warm from the Tatar Strait, which ensures windy and rainy weather. You can get here only by car or on your own by organizing a hike. In any case, unfavorable weather conditions do not stop those who decided to visit this unique peninsula.

List of sources used

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3. Gorbunov S.V. Catalog of archaeological collections of the Nevelskoy Museum of Local Lore // Code of Archaeological Monuments of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Issue 2. YuzhnoSakhalinsk, 1996. p. 123.

4. Gluzdovsky V.E. Catalog of the Museum of the Society for the Study of the Amur Region // Notes of the Society for the Study of the Amur Region (Vladivostok Branch of the Amur Department of the IRGO). 4.1, vol. IX. Vladivostok, Printing house "Commercial and Industrial Bulletin of the Far East". 1907, p. 121.

5. Ito Nobuo. Earthen fortifications of the Chinese type on Karafuto // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 3, 1996. p. 36-41.

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7. Klitin A.K., Brovko P.F., Gorbunov A.O. Waterfalls. Series "Natural history of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands" / Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: state budgetary institution of culture "Sakhalin Regional Museum of Local Lore", 2013. - p. 168.

8. Multimedia Encyclopedia "Reserved Areas" / Sakhalin Regional Public Organization "Boomerang" Club, 2010 p. 131.

9. Niyoka T., Utagawa H. Archaeological sites in South Sakhalin. Sapporo, 1990 (in Japanese). with. 34-36.

10. Monuments and memorable places of the Korsakov district / MU "Centralized library system of the Korsakov district". - Korsakov, 2008 — p. 56-84.

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12. Pervukhin S.M., M.Yu. Lozovoy, S.V. Gorbunov. Peninsula Krillon Trillium. - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Publishing house of KANO, 2001. - p. 93 - 110.

13. Pervukhina, M.Yu. Lozovoy. Narrow-gauge steam locomotives of the Agnevo mine // Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 6. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1999. p. 350 -355.

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Applications

a) Decision No. 329 of 15.09.1982 of the Sakhalin Regional Council of People's Deputies:

Approve the Regulation; extend the period for 10 years - in order to protect and reproduce rare and valuable animals: sable, otters, released for the acclimatization of Canadian beavers (by that time dead), eagles, hazel grouse, sea and water birds, taimen, sima, pink salmon, as well as protection their habitat.

The reserve fulfills the functions of maintaining the integrity of natural communities, preserving, reproducing and restoring valuable in economic, scientific and cultural relations, as well as rare and endangered wild animals.

Restrictions have been established for the following activities:

a) hunting and fishing,

b) tourism and other forms of organized recreation of the population,

c) collecting mushrooms, berries, medicinal and ornamental plants,

d) the use of pesticides,

e) off-road traffic.

It should be noted that all this time, young cattle were grazing in the floodplains of spawning rivers. Every year, cattle bears took their tribute, for which they were shot. Here the huntsman Kartavyh caught a bear, whose skull at the international trophy exhibition turned out to be larger than Ceausescu's trophy.

Decision of the Sakhoblispolkom No. 391 of December 23, 1987 "On partial amendment of the Regulations on the state defense order" Peninsula Krillon "No. 329":

The restriction on fishing, introduced in 1982, contributed to the increase in the number of various fish species living in the reservoirs of the reserve. Taking into account the proposal of the department of the hunting economy decided:

Introduced in clause 3.5. Regulation No. 329 the following addition:

Amateur fishing is allowed on the territory of the reserve. For biological reclamation in rivers and for trapping weed fish, it is allowed, as an exception, to use nets under permits issued by the hunting administration. Control is entrusted to the gamekeepers. Chairman of the regional executive committee I. I. Kuropatko.

For reference, in the period preceding this decision, the fish protection inspectorate seized up to 36 large taimen from violators per day. Since then, a massive invasion began on the peninsula. The local district administration tried to get their hands on the process - they introduced an entry fee. The reserve served, and still serves, as a place for "royal" hunting and fishing. For example, during Putin's visit, Chernomyrdin was with him, who instead of boring excursions went to Tambovka and killed a bear. It is also the site of a fierce battle for influence between local fisheries conservation and game management.

Memorandum “On the expediency of maintaining the status of the Cape Krillon reserve”:

The number of rare fish, birds and wild animals, for which the sanctuary was allegedly created, has reached a critical point of complete extinction. The district receives practically no production and no income through the reserve. On the basis of the above, I consider it inexpedient to further extend the status of the Cape Krillon reserve, I propose to use these lands for the development of small businesses and farms. Art. State Inspector of the Aniva Fish Protection Inspectorate Aisin N.T. 1992

In the 90s, there was a rapid growth of fisheries. It is limited only by the inaccessibility of the area and the lack of valuable objects. Repeated attempts to restore at least some kind of order fail. The most harmful is the spring fishing for miscellaneous fish. Local rivers still perform well the functions of reproduction of pink salmon - in odd years, spawning grounds overflow and deaths are possible. Therefore, it is possible to remove pink salmon from the rivers, since fishing with fixed seines is ineffective here. At the same time, there is a significant by-catch of juvenile kunja, rudd and taimen. There is also limited fishing for seal and kelp.

b) Order of the Sakhalin Region Administration dated 12.24.2002.

In accordance with paragraph "a" of Article 18 and Articles 19 of the Law of the Sakhalin Region dated 02.10.2000 No. 214 "On the Development of Specially Protected Areas of the Sakhalin Region": To annul the status of the state hunting reserve of regional significance "Krillon Peninsula". I.P. Farkhutdinov, regional governor.

The game managers managed to get rid of the problem area very easily. The following wording was used: "The goals of stabilizing the number of wild animals and birds, including those listed in the Red Book, are fully met." None of the independent experts confirmed this, and there was no environmental expertise. In fact, the reserve failed at least to protect and reproduce taimen and sima. Since March 2002, several meetings have been held at various levels on the Krillon issue. A variant of organizing a specially protected natural area, new for the Russian Far East - a salmon reserve under the management of Sakhalinrybvod was proposed.

By order of the governor, a reserve was established on the Krillon peninsula:

At the request of the deputies and the administration of the Aniva district, at present, the Department of Fisheries and the Committee of Natural Resources are working on the creation of a biological and ichthyological reserve on the Krillon Peninsula.

In order to maintain law and order on the territory of the peninsula, suppress poaching, as well as taking into account the fire hazardous period and the upcoming salmon fishing season, the governor of the region on April 30 signed an order instructing the departments of timber and fishing complexes to ensure, together with the regional hunting administration, the closure of free access to the Uryum River for all legal and physical persons who do not have in their hands a special pass signed by all three controlling services. Thus, nature conservation measures allow preserving relict forests and the salmon maternity hospital of Aniva Bay in their original form. Press center of the Sakhalin Region Administration, April 30, 2003

Unfortunately, the title of this post contains typical misinformation. At one time, Sakhalinrybvod really advocated the creation of an ichthyological reserve with a ban on salmon fishing. There was a wave of publications in the media about this - "Krillon is not dead", "Krillon will live", "Salmon reserve". But at the decisive meeting on April 28, 2003, the head of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam Zatulyakin A.V. abandoned the intention to take this territory under special protection. Governor Farkhutdinov ordered to spend Putin and return to consideration of the question of the expediency of the reserve in November 2003. Yes, he did not have time.