What is the name of the head of the state of Bulgaria. Description of Bulgaria

Bulgaria(Bulgaria.) - State in the southeastern part of Europe, located on the Balkan Peninsula. Republic of Bulgaria - a hospitable country hosting tourists circle. The country is distinguished by vacation accessible (compared to other European countries), while demonstrating first-class service in all its manifestations. Bulgaria - These are ski resorts with high levels of complexity, these are the golden sands of the Black Sea coast, this is a wonderful nature and therapeutic resorts.

Bulgaria - Country " golden Peskov»

1. Capital

Capital of Bulgaria - ancient city Sofia(Sofia City)whose history has not one thousand years old. The capital inherited its name from the main attraction - Cathedral Saint Sophia. Sofia is located in the western part Bulgaria, At the foot of Mount Vitosha. Sofia - These are monuments of history and architecture, magnificent mountain nature and green city parks, large shopping and entertainment centers and hotels, ski resorts and mineral springs.

2. Flag

Bulgaria flag (Flag of Bulgaria.) - a rectangular panel with the aspect ratio of 2: 3, consisting of three horizontal strips in width: white (top), green (intermediate) and red (bottom). White strip - the personification of peace and freedom; Green strip Natural wealth Bulgaria, and the green color is considered the traditional color of the Bulgarian kings; Red strip - Blood Bulgarian, spilled in battles for state independence.

3. Coat of arms

Coat of arms of Bulgaria (Coat of Arms of Bulgaria) It is a pomegranate shield, depicting a lion standing on the hind legs, which hold two gold lions Schlotnz. The shield is located on oak branches. At the top of the composition there is a large crown of the Bulgarian kings, and at the bottom - the ribbon with the national bulgaria's motto « Unity gives strength » (« Election of Rules Silat»).

Lion is a symbol of courage and courage; Three lions - three historical regions of the state: Mezia, Frakia and Macedonia; Pomegranate color of the shield - the blood of patriots shed in battles for state independence; Golden color - symbol of wealth and abundance; The crown is a symbol of history; Oak branches - a symbol of resistance, and their green color is a symbol of fertility.

4. Hymn.

listen to the anthem of Bulgaria

5. Currency

Official bulgarian currency — bulgarian Lev.equal to 100 Stotnikam (letter notation BGN, code 975). The name of the lion, the currency received from the Netherlant coin "LeeuwendaALDER", on which the lion was depicted. In the circulation there are coins in dignity 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 of the stottocks and 1 lion, as well as banknotes with a par value of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 of the left. Bulgarian currency rate to ruble Or other than any currency can be viewed on the currency converter below:

Exterior Coin Bulgaria

Exterior Bulgaria Banknote

6. Bulgaria on the world map

Bulgaria - the state in the southeastern part of Europe, located on the Balkan Peninsula, on the Black Sea coast, square which is 110 910 km² . Bulgaria borders: in the north - with Romania, in the south - with Turkey and Greece, in the West - with Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia, in the east is washed by the waters of the Black Sea. Across the sea Bulgaria Communication with Russia, Ukraine and Georgia.

There are three geographical areas in the country: the first - Danube Plain; The second is a mountain range consisting of systems Balkans and Rhodope; Third - Southeast Plain. The main river of the country - Danube, which forms the natural border between Bulgaria. and Romania.

8. What should I see in Bulgaria?

- These are monasteries and churches, historical monuments and museums, national parks and reserves, hot springs and ski resorts, beautiful beaches and invigorating water parks.

But small list of attractionson which attention should be paid when drawing up an excursion plan for Bulgaria:

• Aqua Planet Water Park in Primorsko
• Antique Study Fortress
• Bachkovsky monastery
• Varna Archaeological Museum
• Valley Roses
• Dragalev monastery
• Evcinograd
• Stone Forest in Varna
• Ban-Bashi Mosque
• Monastery Aladja
• National Art Gallery of Bulgaria
• Saint Anastasia Island
• Park Borisova Gradda
• Ril monastery
• Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Varna
• Thracian tomb in Kazanly
• Temple - Monument of St. Alexander Nevsky in Sofia
• Miracoo rocks

9. The largest cities of Bulgaria

List of ten largest cities in Bulgaria

• Sofia (Bulgaria's capital) - (Sofia the Capital of Bulgaria)
• Plovdiv (Plovdiv)
• Varna (Varna)
• Burgas (Burgas)
• Ruse (Rousse)
• Stara Zagora
• Pleven (Pleven)
• Sliven (Sliven)
• Dobrich (Dobric)
• Pernik (Pernik)

10. Climate

Climate Bulgaria For most of the territory - moderately continental, with a fairly clear division of four seasons. The Mediterranean climate dominates in the southern part of the country and in seaside areas. The average temperature of the summer is + 19 ° C + 26 ° C, and in the hottest month - July, it can reach the mark of + 30 ° C. Water remains warm until the end of September, the average temperature of winter -1 ° C + 1 ° C, and in mountainous areas can be lowered to -14 ° C - 16 ° C. The average amount of precipitation per year is 900 - 1000 mm in mountainous areas and 650 - 700 mm on the plains.

11. Population

Make up 7 070 039 people (As of February 2017), 82% of them are Bulgarians, 9.5% - Turks, 4.6% - Gypsies, 0.3% - Russians. Also in the country, Armenians, Romanians, Ukrainians, Greeks and Jews live in the country. The average life expectancy of the local population is: men - 68 years old, women are 75 years old.

12. Language

State language of Bulgaria – bulgarian It says 82% of the country's total population. Rasually common are: Turkish - 9.5%, Gypsy - 4.6% and Russian - 0.3%. Less common: Armenian, Romanian, Greek, Ukrainian, Macedonian, Tatar, Arabic and Hebrew.

13. Religion

Religion Bulgaria. The country's constitution provides freedom of religion. Of the total population of the country, 82% refer themselves to the number of believers. Of these, 85.2% are Orthodox Christians, 12.5% \u200b\u200b- Muslims, 1.1% - Catholics, 0.5% - Protestants and a small part of other world religions.

14. Holidays

National Holidays of Bulgaria:

• January 1 - New Year 6 January - Epiphany
• January 7 - Ivanov Day (in honor of John the Baptist)
• February 14 - Valentine's Day (day of all lovers)
• March 3 - Bulgarian Liberation Day from Ottoman Slavery
• movable date in April - May - Orthodox Easter ("Benten")
• May 1 - Labor Day
• May 6 - Day George Victorious (day of the Armed Forces of Bulgaria)
• May 24 - Day of Slavic Writing and Culture
• June 1 - International Children's Day
• August 15 - Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
• September 6 - the day of the union of Bulgaria.
• September 22 - Independence Day
• December 6 - Constitution Day
• December 24 - Christmas Eve
• December 25 - Christmas of Christ

15. Souvenirs

Here is small list The most common souvenirwhich tourists usually bring from Bulgaria:

• fragrant spices
• bulgarian wines
• wallets in the form of various animals, fruits or vegetables
• copper Turks for Brewing Coffee
• natural cosmetic
• beekeeping products
• crafts from wood and ceramics
• textile
• jewelry and Silver and Gold

16. "Not a nail or rod" or customs regulations

Do not limit the import and export of currency, however, the amount of more than $ 10,000 or 7.000 € must be declared. When importing also declared jewels, photos and video equipment, which in the future should be removed from the country.

Allowed:

Persons who have reached the age of 17 may import: 200 cigarettes, 50 cigars or 250 gr. Tobacco, 1 liter of strong alcoholic beverages (more than 22%), 2 liters of alcohol less than 22%, not more than 500 grams. Coffee or 200 gr. Coffee extract, 100 gr. Tea or 40 gr. Tea extract. As well as other personal use products in the amount of 175 euros per person.

Forbidden:

In Bulgaria. It is forbidden to import meat and making products (including sausages and chocolate candies). The exception is - baby food and special meals for people with various diseases, but in these cases products must be well packaged and their weight should not exceed 2 kg. When the meat and dairy products are detected, they are confiscated, and with a person who carried out, the penalty is charged.
In Bulgaria. The importation of drugs, weapons, ammunition, explosives, potent psychotropic or poisonous substances, rare and protected animals and plants are prohibited. As well as objects representing historical, artistic or other value.

Plants and animals:

All animals, plants, as well as vegetable products, must be presented with quarantine service. Import and export of pets is allowed only if there is a certificate of vaccination against rabies, made no earlier than for 12 months, and no later than 30 days before the entry date in Bulgaria.. It is also necessary to have a medical certificate on a pet, obtained at least 5 days before entering the country.

17. Voltage in the electric network of Bulgaria

Voltage in the electrical network: 230 AT, at a frequency in 50 Hz. Type of sockets: Type C, F.

18. Telephone code and domain name Bulgaria

Country Code: +359
Geographical domain name of the first level: .bg.

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- 110994 km2.

Population of Bulgaria. 7.171 million people (

GDP Bulgaria. $55.73 billion (

Administrative division of Bulgaria. Consists of 8 areas that include communities. The status of the region has the city of Sofia.

Form of the Board of Bulgaria. Parliamentary republic.

Head of State Bulgaria. President, elected for a period of 5 years.

The highest legislative body of Bulgaria. Single Public Assembly.

The highest executive body of Bulgaria. Council of Ministers.

Large cities in Bulgaria. Plovdiv, Varna, Rousse, Burgas.

Public language Bulgaria. Bulgarian.

Religion Bulgaria. 85% - Orthodox, 13% - Muslims.

Ethnic composition of Bulgaria. 87% - Bulgarians, 9% - Turks, 2.5% -, 2.5% - Macedonians.

Bulgarian currency. Lion \u003d 100 Stotnikam.

Climate Bulgaria. Continental, transitional. The average annual temperature is + 13 ° C. In January, reaches zero mark. The average temperature of the warmest month is July - in from + 23 ° C to + 25 ° C. The lowlands fall out in an amount of 500-600 mm per year, in the mountains - 1000-1200 mm per year. The Balkan Mountains cross the Balkan Mountains from the West to the East, where the vertical is clearly traced. The highest point is Mount Musala (2925 m). Flora. Forests occupy up to 30% of Bulgaria. There are oaks, ram, beech, elm, ash, pine, spruce, fir here.

Useful information for tourists about Bulgaria, cities and resorts of the country. As well as information on the population, the currency of Bulgaria, the kitchen, the features of visa and customs restrictions of Bulgaria.

Geography of Bulgaria

State in Southeast Europe, in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. Washed by the Black Sea. Borders with Greece, Turkey, Serbia, Macedonia and Romania. Most of the country - Stara Planina Mountain Ridges, Mid-Mountain, Rila with Musala Musal (the highest point of the Balkan Peninsula, 2925 m), Pirin, Rhodopes. In the north of Bulgaria - Nizhnyodunayskaya plain, in the center - Kazanlykaya Basil, south - extensive Upper-Fragian lowland. Forests occupy about a third of the territory, mainly deciduous.

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State

State device

Parliamentary republic. Head of State - President. He is elected direct voting for a period of five years.

Language

State language: Bulgarian

Mostly speak Russian. In the go - English, German and French.

Religion

More than 85% of the inhabitants of the country of the Orthodox rite, 12% of the population are Muslim Sunni. Jews make up 0.8%, Catholics - 0.5%, Protestants - 0.5%.

Currency

International title: BGN

One lion consists of 100 steotings. In the circulation there are coins 1, 2, 5 and 10 of the left, as well as banknotes 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000 levs.

History of Bulgaria

The mild climate and the wealth of the nature of Bulgaria has long been attracted by immigrants. Over 500 thousand years ago, the first people appeared here, and in the IV millennium, the settlements of the ancient Aryans appeared before our era. One of their tribes, Thracians, finally asslaved on the territory of modern Bulgaria and in the V century BC, managed to create his own state, which became the birthplace of the legendary leader of gladiators - Spartacus.

For the conquest of a small kingdom, the most powerful powers of the ancient world did not spare the effort. This land had to survive the invasion of Greek colonists, Scythians, Persians and Macedonian. In the first century, our era, Romans managed to conquer the Thracians and to establish domination over them for 400 years. From the end of the IV century, in the era of the great resettlement of peoples, raids of neighboring tribes resumed, which contributed to the change in ethnic composition. In the VII century, the Slavs who came because of the Danube assimilated the local population and from the second half of the 7th century, entered into an alliance with a small group of proto-rolley (part of the Turkic-speaking people displaced by Khazari from Lowowev Kuban). So in 680 the first Bulgarian kingdom was formed. At the turn of the IX-X centuries, it has reached the highest power, puzzily owning almost the entire Balkan peninsula. But in the middle of the 15th century, the Bulgarian-Slavic state entered the strip of the hardest crisis and at the beginning of the XI century lost independence, obeying Byzantium. Successful uprising against the enslavers raised by Brothers Peter and Asen, returned independence. The second Bulgarian kingdom was formed.

The invasion of the Mongol-Tatars, the exhausting competition for hegemony in the Balkans with Serbia and Byzantium, the inner turmoil led to the breakdown of the kingdom and the conquest of it at the end of the XIV century by the Turks. The most gloomy strip of Bulgarian history was coming - Muslim Igo, which lasted without a small 500 years. It was destroyed after the defeat of Turkey in the war with Russia (1877-1878) thanks to the joint actions of the tales and the Russian army. In 1908, an independent third Bulgarian kingdom arose. However, Germany tried to tear it from Russia and pulled into the First World War on his side. Despite the defeat in the war, the ruling circles of the state retained the orientation to Germany and entered into an alliance with Hitler. A new defeat in World War II made it possible to establish a republic in the country, Bulgaria fell into the sphere of the influence of the USSR, the whole full of power passed to the Communists. With the collapse of the USSR in the early 1990s, this long-suffering land began construction of a democratic society.

The mild climate and the wealth of the nature of Bulgaria has long been attracted by immigrants. Over 500 thousand years ago, the first people appeared here, and in the IV millennium, the settlements of the ancient Aryans appeared before our era. One of their tribes, Thracians, finally settled on the territory of modern Bulgaria and in the V century BC was managed to create their own state, which became the birthplace of the legendary leader of gladiators - Spartacus ....

Popular attractions

Tourism in Bulgaria

Where to stay

Bulgaria's tourist resorts are characterized by a special climate developed by the hotel base, excursions and entertainment. Bulgaria hotels are among the most inexpensive in Europe. All local hotels correspond to the standard European classification: from one to five stars. Most hotels in Bulgaria are three and four-star, which makes the country accessible to people with any financial opportunities.

Certification of hotels in the country is mandatory. Thanks to this, the quality of service always corresponds to the stated stars. Stars are assigned not only hotels, but also camping, motels, as well as rental apartments depending on the level of services provided. For each of the accommodation options in Bulgaria, its threshold of "star", namely, private hotels, motels and rental apartments can not have more than three stars. In turn, campgrounds and rural houses are rated from one to two stars.

Singling hotels in Bulgaria have minimal amenities. Mandatory conditions of hotel such a class are: availability of parking, telephones, safes and postal service. Unlike one-star hotels, the compulsory presence of a minibar and television in the room is added to the traditional requirements for two-star hotels, as well as laundry and dry cleaning services. Three-star hotels in Bulgaria have a playground, a conference room, as well as the possibility of renting a car and guide services. In addition to services available in the hotel's hotels below, a fitness center, swimming pool and parking must be located in a four-star hotel. Also the unlawful standard are room service, five-volume nutrition and Internet availability. The five-star hotel, according to Bulgarian standards, is a hotel complex, which includes conference rooms, shops, restaurants, bars, gym, spa center, beauty salon and 24-hour room service.

Popular hotels

Excursions and attractions in Bulgaria

In the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula is Bulgaria - one of the most attractive tourist countries. The sun and the azure sea, magnificent beaches and mineral springs, mountains and beautiful ski slopes, important historical monuments and traditional Bulgarian cuisine will make rest in a variety of and unforgettable. Natural attractions and rich cultural and historical heritage are introduced with the history and national traditions of this colorful country.

The capital of Bulgaria Sofia is one of the oldest European cities. Since ancient times, he is famous for its mineral and thermal sources. One of the most impressive attractions not only the capital, but the whole country is the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky, located on the Sofia Square of the same name. Beautiful architectural construction from granite and white stone was erected in honor of the liberation of Bulgaria. Among the most interesting places of the city, it is worth highlighting the Cathedral of Saint Sophia, the Church of St. Nicholas, the Rotunda of St. George, the Cathedral of Lights of the week (Holy Resurrection), the Mosque of Banya Bashi, Buyuk-Mosque (Archaeological Museum), the Dragalev Monastery, the National Historical Museum and the National Art Gallery of Bulgaria.

Plovdiv - the second largest city of Bulgaria and one of the most beautiful cities of the Balkans. His story has about three thousand years. Ruins of various ancient facilities are preserved to this day: the amphitheater, the Roman market, the stadium, basilica, their. The old part of the city surrounds the remains of the stone Thracian fortress. Since the times of Ottoman domination, the "Imaret" and "Juma" mosque are preserved. Also, Plovdiv's attractions include the Church of Saint Marina, Church of Saints Constantine and Elena, Church of St. Dimitra, as well as archaeological and ethnographic museums.

The city of Varna (and the regions adjacent to him), located on the Black Sea coast, is not only a popular Bulgarian resort, but also an important cultural center. Here you can see a huge number of important historical attractions and museums. The symbol of the city is considered to be the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Holy Virgin, located on Kirill and Methodius Square. In Varna, there is a wonderful seaside Park "Morsk Gradda", in which the Palace of Culture and Sports, Zoo, Dolphinarium, Planetarium, Aquarium and the Museum of Nature are located. Also, the Archaeological Museum is also of great interest, the pride of which is a collection of gold products VI millennium BC. In the suburbs of Varna, you should visit the Palace of Evcinograd, surrounded by a chic park, the "Stone Forest" valley with impressive columns (up to 6 m high), the age of which is 50 million years old and the Allag Monastery.

Kitchen Bulgaria

Bulgarian dishes are similar to dishes of Armenian and Georgian cuisines. Especially close to Bulgarian such dishes as soup Harcho, Piti, kebabs, Lulle Kebab, Basturma, Chahokhbil.

Many Bulgarian national dishes are prepared on Skare - a large oven with a metal grille. On the lattices of the furnace prepare kebaps, kebabs from lamb, kebab, fillet, chickens, chops, zrazy, stuffed with sweet pepper, game dishes.

In Bulgarian cuisine, vegetables are widely used in a fresh and pickled form, all sorts of vegetable dishes and side dishes are prepared. Bulgarian cooking perfectly combines vegetables with fish, meat, flour, egg and dairy products.

Characteristically for Bulgarian cuisine, the use of sour milk, prostrochashi, cheese and Casca cheese (sheep) for cooking cold snacks, soups and second dishes.

Bulgarian chefs, using cheese in food, often subjected to its thermal processing. For this, the cheese is mixed with butter, wrapped in parchment paper and warm up. In the hot form of cheese, it becomes a pleasant taste and aroma, becomes gentle, soft and juicy. From the first dishes very popular chicken broth with egg yolk, vegetables soup with fruits, zucchini soup, pork soup with apples, chorba, soup with lamb, soup-harcho, pickle, soups puree from various vegetables and meat products and tarators (Cold soups with sour milk).

Basin, veal and pork with cabbage, pork chops, lully kebab, bifhctex, fillet, kebabs and lamb, Gwiech - dishes from meat, rice and vegetables, plaque - dishes from vegetables, onions, garlic and seasoning stewed with the addition of vegetable oil, yachni - stewed meat with vegetables and onions or only vegetables with onions, kebabs - pieces of meat, grilled on a spit, and of course, kebapche - short sausages made of chopped meat, fried on a grid over hot iron deciduous coal Trees, cabbage rolls, stuffed tomatoes and zucchini, omelets. Separately to the second meat dishes are served salads (from tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplant, podlovy sweet peppers, green beans, green lettuce).

The Republic of Bulgaria is located in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula.

Bulgaria borders in the south with Greece and Turkey, in the West with Serbia and Macedonia and in the north with Romania. In the east it is washed by the water of the Black Sea.

State symbolism

Flag - A rectangular cloth consisting of three horizontal isometric strips: top - white, medium - green and lower - red. The first of them personifies freedom and peace, the second - forests and agriculture, the third - blood spilled in the struggle for state independence.

Coat of arms - Cherry shield, crowned with the historic crown of Bulgaria. In the shield raised crowning golden lion. Shield hold two gold crowned lions. Under the shield there are branches of oak and a ribbon with the motto "Election of Rules Silat" ("Unity gives force").
It is believed that three lions mean three historical lands of Bulgaria: Mezia, Frakia and Macedonia. The current emblem of Bulgaria was adopted by the People's Assembly in 1997. This is a slightly modified version of the coat of arms used in 1927-1946. This coat of arms was based on the personal emblem of the Bulgarian king Ferdinand I.

Brief description of the modern republic of Bulgaria

Form of government - parliamentary republic.
Head of State - President elected for 5 years.
The highest legislative body - Single Petrobal National Assembly.
Head of the government - Prime Minister. He is elected and exempt by the People's Assembly.
Capital - Sofia.
Largest cities - Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna, Burgas, Ruse, Stara-Zagora, Pleven, Dobrich, Sliven, Shumen.
Religion - Free. Traditional religion - Orthodoxy, he is confessed 75.96% of the population.
Territory - 110 993.6 km².
Population - 7 364 570 people. Bulgarians make up 84.8% of the population, the Turks - 8.8%, Roma - 4.9%, Russians - 0.15%.
Official language - Bulgarian.
Economy - Market, industrial country with developed agriculture.
Agriculture. Main products: Vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wool, wine, wheat, barley, sunflower, sugar beet.
Climate - Continental and Mediterranean.
Administrative deenie is divided into 28 areas that are divided into 264 communities.
Education - School education is regulated by the "Law on Folk Enlightenment", divided into degrees:
primary education: primary education - from 1 to 4th grade; Progimacy education - from 5 to grade 8.
Secondary education: Gymnasium education - from 9 to 12 classes.
Secondary education is considered to be obtained after the successful end of the 12th grade and the successful surrender of the exams. School education is free.
Higher education Regulated by the "Law on Higher Education".
Higher schools in Bulgaria can be public and private. Types of higher educational institutions in Bulgaria: universities (in the country of 47 universities), specialized senior colleges, colleges.
Currency - Bulgarian lion.
Sport - The most popular sport is football. Bulgaria has traditionally high achievements in heavy and mild athletics, wrestling, boxing, volleyball, sports and rhythmic gymnastics, rifle and rowing sports.

Tourism in Bulgaria

The country is promising for tourism, there are many natural and cultural attractions. The popular direction of beach tourism is the Black Sea coast. The most popular Black Sea Resorts: Albena, Golden Sands, Riviera, St. Constantine and Elena, Review, Sunny Beach, Sozopol, Elenite, Saint Vlas.

sunny Beach

The largest sea resort in the east of Bulgaria. Located at the Bay in the Black Sea with a beach of 10 km long and a width in the central part to 100 m, covered with small yellow sand. Located between the cities of Varna and Burgas, is part of the city. Nessebar, the old part of which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bulgaria (1983)

City of Nessebar. - One of the oldest cities in Europe. This is the successor to the ancient Thracian settlement, called the Mesbria, which has existed since the beginning I century. BC e. WITH 510 BC e. He was turned into a Greek colony.
With antiquity to date, the ruins of the fortress wall, towers, gates, reliefs remained. Intensive archaeological surveys pass in the old part of the city. During the excavations, the ruins of the church of the building were detected IX B.. n. e., as well as the remnants of the Byzantine term.

Ski resorts Bulgaria

The ski season begins here in December and lasts until February.

Bansko

The highest peak in the area is Mount Vihren (2915 m). Bansko is known as one of the best Bulgarian ski resorts. Sustainable snow cover lies here from December to April, its thickness is about 2 m. All ski slopes are at altitudes from 1100 to 2500 m. The total length of their length is 65 km, the longest route has a length of 2.6 km.
The 8-seater gondolate lift operates in Bansko. There are opportunities for milling riding, a snowboarder park with 2 tracks with a total length of 600 m.
In addition to the ski ski, Bansko is known for its historic sights. The south of the city is the Pirin National Reserve. It was introduced by UNESCO to the World Heritage List. The park covers an area of \u200b\u200b27,400 hectares, pine and fir forests grow to the larger part, and at the foot of the highest peak of Vihren there is more than 180 lakes, mainly glacial origin. In the vicinity of Bansko, the remains of the ancient fortresses in the Eagilo gradis, the cemetery site in the city of Dobrick, which dates back to the second century BC, as well as medieval settlements of Saint Trinitz. In the Bansko is interesting church of the Holy Trinity. It was built in 1835 In the church of the painting, frescoes and icons, and the walls are decorated with paintings and carving.

Borovets.

The popular Bulgarian ski resort, located in the suburbs of Sofia, on the northern slopes of Mount Rila, at an altitude of 1350 m. The longest track is 5,789 m. Two ski tramplines.

Pamporovo.

Ski resort. It is located among the magnificent pine forest, is a popular holiday destination in the summer, and in winter - for skiing and snowboarding.

Natural attractions of Bulgaria

Natural Reserve Srebyrna

The reserve includes Lake Srebyrna and its surroundings, this area lies on the main migration route of flights between Europe and Africa called "Via Pontica". The reserve was formed in 1948., It covers an area of \u200b\u200b600 hectares, another 540 hectares are a buffer zone. Srebyrna - A large lake formed in a wide quarrel depression, depth of 1 to 3 m.
Almost 100 types of birds nests in the reserve, some of them are recognized as disappearing. Approximately 80 species of birds arrive at the lake to the wintering. Among the most remarkable birds is a crispy pelican, a big white, redhead and black herons, cavoye, a hollow. In the lake there are 6 species of fish and 35 species of amphibians.

Reserve Chupré

One of the largest biosphere reserves of Bulgaria (area of \u200b\u200b1439.2 hectares). The reserve was formed February 9, 1973For the protection of northern coniferous forests of Bulgaria and as an ornithological reserve of preservation in Bulgaria of the Natural population of Muhahar. On the territory of the reserve, a large number of rivers taking sources on nearby mountain slopes.
The reserve presents a wide variety of fauna: amphibians (11 species): Fire Salamander, Greek long-legged frog, ordinary toad, etc.; Reptiles (15 species): so, Vijuk, Medyanka, etc.; Mammals (53 species): Fox, Wolf, Stone Court, Forest Cute, Mink, Forest Cat, Protein, 14 species of bats, etc.; Birds (170 species): Ceremonary, black neck, owl, Berkut, Woodpecker, Drozda, Hawk, Kestrel, Lark, quail, wretched and others. Chupré is the only Bulgarian reserve, where the wolves constantly live.

Seven Rila lakes

A group of lakes of glacial origin located in the North-Western Rila Mountains. Lakes are located between 2100 and 2500 m of heights above sea level.
Each lake has its name associated with its most characteristic feature. The highest of them is called "tear" due to its clean waters. The next to the height of the lake is called "Eye" due to its almost perfectly oval form, etc. Lakes are located above each other and are connected by small streams that form tiny waterfalls and cascades.

Yantra (River)

A feature of the river is numerous gorges that it forms.

Valley Roses

The region in Bulgaria is located south of the Balkan Mountains. Geologically, it consists of two river valleys: Strama in the west I. Tundzhi. in the east.
The valley is famous for its roses that grown there for centuries for industrial purposes: there are 85% of rose oil produced in the world. Rose Oil Production Center - Kazanlyk , Other cities: Karlovo, Sopot, Kalofer and Pavel Banya. The festivals of the celebration of roses and rose oil are held every year.
The collection season lasts from May to June. During this period, the valley emits a pleasant aroma and covered with multi-colored colors. The collection process is traditionally feminine, it requires a big dexterity and patience. The flowers are neatly cut out one by one, put in the vent baskets and sent to the plants.

Belogradchik rocks

There are a group of strange shape of sandstone and conglomerate (individual wreckage) rocks located on the western slopes of the Balkan mountains, near the city of Belogradchik. The breeds differ in color, some reach up to 200 m in height. Many breeds have bizarre forms and are associated with interesting legends.

Shipka

Picturesque mountain pass through the Balkan Mountains.
During the Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878 Shipka was a battles arena, where Russian soldiers fought, leaning on Bulgarian militia, and the Ottoman Empire.

UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bulgaria

Boyan church

Medieval church. Located 8 km from Sofia, in the village of Boyana at the foot of Vitosha Mountains.
AT X in. The first small church dedicated to Nikolai Wonderworker and St. Panteleimon was built in the village of Boyan. At the beginning XIII B.. A new two-story church was attached to this church, decorated with frescoes.

Madar rider

Archaeological monument, relief image of the rider carved on a sheer cliff at an altitude of 23 m. Located in the northeastern part of Bulgaria, near Madara village.
Monument dated approximately 710 year n. e. And it was created during the Board of the Bulgarian Khan Tervel. On one of the versions, on the rock, the image of the Khan himself. According to another version, the rocky relief is created by the ancient Thracians and depicts the Thracian God. There is a third version: the image of the Svyatnit (Slavic God) is carved on the rock) at about the end of the 6th century n. e.

Cave churches in Ivanovo

Complex churches, chapels and kesels carved in the rocks. Located 21 km south of the city of Ruse near the village of Ivanovo at a height of 32 m over the river canyon River Lombie. The complex began to settle monks with XIII B.. During the flourishing period of the monastery there were 40 churches and chapels and about 300 monastic cells. After the XVII century. The monastery became uninhabited, most of its buildings fell into decay.

Thracian tomb in Kazanly

Part of the ancient necropolis near the city of Kazanlyk. The tomb was created at the end IV-early III century. BC e. For the Thracian ruler of the Roigos. The walls are lined with marble plates and decorated with frescoes. Pictures telling about the life of the Thracians and their military victories were created by the artist Kodzamakis, who used 4 colors in his work: black, red, yellow and white. The plots of frescoes are connected with the time of the human rule, for which the tomb was built.
The tomb of the Thracian ruler was found by a soldier in 1944 during the construction of the tag in the northeastern part of Kazanlyk.
Today, access to the tomb is limited to ensure the safety of the frescoes. For tourists, an accurate copy has been created.

Pirin National Park

The park was formed in 1962 Titled by Vihren National Park in order to preserve forests in the highest parts of Pyrina. The park occupied the territory of 62 km², which is the sixth part of the modern area of \u200b\u200bthe park. AT 1974 He was renamed Pirin National Park, its territory was expanded.
About 1300 species of higher plants are growing in the park, about 300 species of moss and a large amount of algae. In Pirin, there are 18 local endemic species, 15 Bulgarian and many Balkan endemics, there are many rare and endangered species, including edelweiss, the symbol of Pyrina.

Edelweiss

About 2090 species and subspecies of invertebrates live in the park.

Ril monastery

Monastery of the Holy John Rylsky - The largest Stavropigial male monastery of the Bulgarian Church. According to legend, based in 30s x in. Reverend John Rylsky (876-946), whose name he bears since the reign of the Bulgarian king Peter I (927-968). Saint John lived in a cave near the current monastery, while the monastery himself was built by his students who came to the mountains to continue their studies.

Thracian tomb in Swaxah

Located 2.5 km south-west of Sveshtari village in the northeastern part of Bulgaria.
Opened in 1982 when excavations of the settlement. Dated III century BC. Constructed, allegedly, for the Thracian ruler of the tribe of the GETOV and his spouse.

Other sights of Bulgaria

Bachkovsky monastery

Monastery of the Mother of God. One of the largest and oldest Orthodox monasteries in Europe. The monastery is known and appreciated for the unique combination of Byzantine, Georgian and Bulgarian culture, united by the overall faith. The monastery was founded in 1083 Although the monastery survived the Turkish invasion of the Bulgarian Earth, was looted and destroyed, but was restored at the end of the XV century. The refectory, whose painting anonymous artist bear a significant artistic value, was reconstructed in 1601, and the Church of Mary - in 1604, they were preserved until today.

National Art Gallery

Located in the building of the former royal palace built in 1880. The art gallery was founded in 1892. It contains more than 50,000 units of Bulgarian art.

Evcinograd

Former at the end XIX century Bulgarian Summer Royal Palace and Park on the Black Sea coast, 8 km north of the city of Varna. Currently, this is a summer government and presidential residence. Since 2007, it is also a venue for the Annual Operosa Opera Festival.

Cathedral Alexander Nevsky in Sofia

Bulgarian Orthodox Cathedral. Built in Neo-Byzantine style, is the Cathedral of the Patriarch Bulgarian and one of the largest Orthodox cathedrals of the world, as well as one of Sofia characters and the first tourist attraction. It is the second largest cathedral in the Balkan Peninsula after the Sava Cathedral in Belgrade. Mostly the construction of the cathedral was completed in 1912. It was created in honor of the Russian soldiers who died during the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, as a result of which Bulgaria was released from Ottoman domination.

Kaliakra

A long and narrow cape in the region of the Northern Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea, located 12 km east of Kavarna. Coast coast, with sheer cliffs to the sea.
Kaliakra is a reserve where you can observe dolphins, cormorants and lobs. It is located on Via Pontica, one of the main routes of bird migration from Africa to East and Northern Europe. In the spring and autumn here you can see many rare migratory birds.
Here are also the remnants of the fortress walls, water supply, bath and residence of the Dobrotitsa desiment.

Trojan Monastery

The monastery of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary or, as it is more common, the Trojan Monastery is the third largest monastery in Bulgaria. Located in the northern part of the country, in the Balkan mountains, is based no later than at the end XVI in.

Candy

It is a cave in the northwestern part of the Balkan mountains, 16 km from the Bulgarian city of Vratsa, the entrance to which is 830 m above sea level. She surprises the abundance of galleries and impressive karst formations, including stalactites and stalagmites, which have a thousand years. The cave is about 300 m long, consists of ten individual halls. The biggest of them is concert. The path to it goes through the passage of sinners. Only those whose heart is clean, can go through it. Previously, the cave was filled with water, but now only a small lake is left here - the lake of desires. The legend reads: if you lower the hand into the ice water of the lake and make a desire, it will come true.

Chernigrad

Top Mount Vitosha in Bulgaria. Height up to 2290 m. Here is a meteorological station based on 1935 Very popular among tourists place.

Broken stones

Several groups of natural rock formations with a total area of \u200b\u200b7 km. These are mainly stone columns from 5 to 7 m in height. Poles do not have a solid foundation, it seems that they are stuck in the surrounding sand.
There are several theories of the origin of this phenomenon: organic or mineral. Dynamic reconstruction of the origin of these structures, fluid migration processes and possible microbial interference in the process of deposition of carbonate are at the study of scientists from the Catholic University of Levena, Belgium.

Christmas monastery

It is the largest monastery in the southwest of Bulgaria. This is one of the few medieval Bulgarian monasteries.
The church of the monastery was built before XV B.. And painted in 1597., Some frescoes have been preserved. The monastery was devastated by fire between 1662 and 1674, the library was destroyed, a serious damage was made to most buildings. The monastery was restored during the next century with the financial assistance of the rich Bulgarians from all over the country. Reconstruction began in 1715 and was completely finished in 1732

Panorama of Pralevna

Pictures events of the Russian-Turkish war 1877-78., In particular, the five-month siege of the Pleven, who made the city world famous and contributed to the liberation of Bulgaria after the five centuries of Ottoman rule. More than 35,000 soldiers were killed here.

Panorama was created by 13 Russian and Bulgarian artists and officially represented on December 10 1977. The panorama has already expanded the already existing sphelev park, which is located on the spot, where three of the four large battles took place, which led to the liberation of Bulgaria.

Russian Church in Sofia

Officially known as the Church of St. Nicholas Wonderworker, is the Russian Orthodox Church in the center of Sofia, located on the Boulevard of the Tsar of the Liberator.
Construction began in 1907., And the church is consecrated in 1914

Monument to the king of the liberator

He was erected in honor of the Russian Emperor Alexander II, who freed Bulgaria from Ottoman rule during the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78. Stone in the foundation was laid on April 23 1901. In the presence of Prince Bulgaria Ferdinand I, and a monument was completed on September 15 1903. Ferdinand also took part in the opening of the monument on August 30 1907 Together with his sons Boris and Kirill, Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich from Russia, the son of Alexander II, together with his wife and son.

National Museum of Earth and Man

This is one of the largest mineralogical museums in the world. Was founded on December 30 1985 and open to visitors on June 19 1987. Located in a reconstructed and adapted historic building built at the end XIX century It has a number of exhibition halls, stock premises, laboratories, video hall and conference room. His collection covers 40% of all known natural minerals, as well as artificial ceramics made by Bulgarian scientists.
In addition to permanent expositions related to minerals, exhibitions on other topics are held at the museum, as well as chamber music concerts.

Sophia Zoo

Currently, in the Sofia Zoo, a huge number of exotic animals, as well as animals that live in the Bulgarian Earth. Was created B. 1888. The zoo is constantly expanding.

Gabrovo

City in central Bulgaria with a population of 58 thousand people. The city is considered to be the Bulgarian capital of humor, like Odessa, the festivals of humor are held annually. The Gabrovtsians themselves often act with the characters of jokes (the so-called Gabrovsky humor), where they are usually represented as excessively stingy people, seeking to save everything (similar to the English jokes about the Scots). In Gabrovo, there is a one-of-a-kind house of humor and satire, regularly conducting various humorous contests.

House of humor and satire in Gabrovo

History of Bulgaria

Bulgarian statehood exists with 681 g. But protobolgary There were a single ethnicity and earlier. The first mentions about Bulgarians rise to 354 g.

Monument to Khan Asparuhu in the city of Dobrich

The first Bulgarian kingdom existed S. 681 by 1018. It was formed by ancient Bulgarians and Slavs under the leadership of Khan Asparuha. In the period of the greatest heyday covered most of the Balkan Peninsula and had a way to three seas. Condemned existence as a result of the conquest of Byzantium.
Ruins of the oldest capital of Bulgaria Pliss.
Byzantine Bulgaria existed for a short: 1018-1185.
Second Bulgarian kingdom (1185-1396). AT 1396 It was conquered by the Ottoman Empire.
Becoming part of Byzantium, Bulgaria after the defeat of the West Bulgarian kingdom and subordination of the Bulgarian Church of the Konstantinople Patriarch, constantly struggled against Byzantium, because Many noble childbirth were resettled in the Asian part of the Empire. But all the uprisings were suppressed.
AT XIV. Bulgaria appears more terrible and dangerous neighbor - Ottoman Turks, who captured possessions in Malaya Asia. Already in 20th. XIV B.. They began to make devastating raids on the Balkan Peninsula, and in 1352 Severe the first fortress in Balkananan - Tsimpe. AT 1396 Bulgaria ceased to exist as an independent state for a long five centuries.
Vidinsky Kingdom (1396-1422)
The state leaving Bulgaria (Tarnovsky Kingdom) in XIV B.. After falling in 1395 Tyrnovsky kingdom and conquest in 1396 of the Vidinsky Kingdom, Konstantin II Achenci came to the throne of Viddine. He ruled how the vassal of the Turkish Sultan, as the Hungarian king, and also declared independence, but his authority was distributed to a part of the former Vidinsky kingdom. Since 1396 by 1422. These remnants of the Vidinsky Kingdom were Bulgaria. There was no dispute between Tarnovo and Vidine. A number of foreign countries recognized Konstantin II Asena precisely as the ruler of Bulgaria. In this form, Bulgaria continued to exist until 1422, when after the death of Konstantin II, Asena, the Vidinsky kingdom ceased to be mentioned in the sources (apparently, it was finally liquidated by the Turks).
Ottoman Bulgaria (1396-1878)
At that time, there was no independent Bulgarian state, and Bulgarians were under the dominance of the Ottoman Empire (in Bulgarian historiography is also called "Turkish slavery" or "Ottoman Igo").
An independent Bulgarian Patriarchate was eliminated, which was subordinate to the Constantinople Patriarchate. At first, Bulgaria was in vassal dependence, and in 1396 Sultan Bayazid I annexed her after the victory over the crusaders in the battle of Nikopol.

Illustration of "Chronicles" J. Frustration

Turks strengthened their power in the Balkans, becoming even greater threat to Central Europe.
Principality Bulgaria (1878-1908)
Called the Principality of Bulgaria in history know the Bulgarian state from receiving autonomy within the borders of the Ottoman Empire in 1878 G.. Before independence in 1908. He was a constitutional monarchy with a unicameral parliament (People's Assembly). Head of State - Prince. Monarch's title - "Prince Bulgarian". The ruling dynasties: in 1879-1886. - Battenberg, 1887-1908. - Saxen-Coburg-Gothic. The collective regency was envisaged in the event of the incapacity of the prince.
Third Bulgarian Kingdom (1908-1946)
Bulgarian state existing on the proclamation of independence in 1908. before the abolition of the Institute of the Monarchy in 1946. He was a constitutional monarchy (Tyrnovskaya Constitution of 1879 with amendments). The head of state was the king.
World War I
AT 1915 The third Bulgarian kingdom followed the pro-person orientation of Ferdinanda. In an effort to join all Slavic Macedonia, he entered the first world war on the side of Germany, Austria and Turkey. Bulgaria began to be reckoned in the countries of the Antynta "Traders of Slavs".
The Second World War
February 2 1941 Bulgaria and Germany signed a protocol on the placement of German troops in Bulgaria.
March 1, 1941 In Vienna, documents were signed on the accession of Bulgaria to the Pact "Rome - Berlin - Tokyo".
In April 1941. Bulgaria, together with Germany and Italy, took part in the Greek operation and in the Yugoslav operation, as a result of which she received part of the Aegean coast and part of the Warc Macedonia. Although Bulgaria claimed, she did not receive the city of Thessaloniki, nor Holy Mount Athos. Already in september 1941. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Drama, the Grekami-repatriates from Turkey, Bulgarian occupation forces applied terror, unequivocal with genocide, after etohotrey, Reich reduced the territory of Central Macedonia, which Bulgarians owned.
After June 22, 1941 In Bulgaria launched a large-scale resistance. December 13, 1941 Bulgaria announced the war of Great Britain and the United States, but the fighting for this did not follow. However, Bulgarian cities began to be exposed to the aviation of allies. The War of the USSR Bulgaria did not declare, but provided its territory to accommodate the German troops, discriminatory measures were introduced in Bulgaria in relation to the unnoticed Jewish population, but no Jew was deported from Bulgaria. September 5, 1944, After the surrender of Romania, the USSR declared war of Bulgaria. Bulgarians did not have a red army with almost no resistance. On September 9, as a result of an uprising prepared by the Forces of the Patriotic Front, the proper government was overthrown, and the new authorities declared war in Germany. Then the anti-communist Goryan movement appeared in the country.
On September 8, 1946, a referendum took place, 92.72% of the population voted for the republic.
From the territorial acquisitions of Bulgaria, only South Dobrudja retained. From Western Frakia (Greek) and from the Greek part of Macedonia, 150 thousand Bulgarians were deported. B The same time, almost the entire population of the Greeks, for thousands of years living on the Black Sea coast, was deported from Bulgaria.
People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946-1990)
As soon as the Soviet army entered Bulgaria, on the night from 9 to 10 September 1944 Army units together with partisan detachments made a coup. AT 1946. was proclaimed People's Republic of Bulgaria, the first prime minister of Socialist Bulgaria became Georgy Dimitrov.

AT 1950 Prime Minister becomes a serial Stalinist Vleetko ChervenkovHe completes the collectivization of agriculture, suppresses the peasant performances, speeds up the industrialization.

After the death of Stalin gradually gave way Todor Belkovwho headed the Bulgarian Communist Party in 1954
Epoch Zhikova (1954-1989)

T. Lokkov led Bulgaria 33 years. Relations with Yugoslavia and Greece are restored in Bulgaria, labor camps are closed, the pursuit of the Church is stopped.
He was loyal in relation to the Soviet Union, supported the suppression of the Hungarian uprising in 1956, sent troops to assist in the suppression of "Prague Spring" in 1968
10th of November 1989 The Livkov was shifted from the posts of the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the BCP and the Chairman of the State Council. Prime Minister of the Communist Government Andrei Lukanov And Chairman of the State Council Peter Infants, replaced by Zhikova on this post, took a number of steps aimed at democratizing the political system.

August 1, 1990. President Bulgarian was elected Jelly joystly, former dissident and SDS leader. In November, in response to mass demonstrations and a four-day universal strike, the Government of Lukanov resigned.
On July 12, 1991, a new constitution was adopted.

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Description of the country

Attractive tourist country, with beautiful nature and hospitable people. Bright sun, azure sea, beautiful beaches, a wide selection of hotels, an abundance of fruits and vegetables. Bulgaria is a small (compared to Russia, of course), but the southern country is popular with the tourists, with excellent nature, inhabited by hospitable residents. People of all ages and with different income levels can spend their vacation in this wonderful corner of the globe. Here you will enjoy the youth, preferring a place where you can relax and keep mostly a nightlife, and those for whom is preferable to calm, but at the same time a non-pie rest.

Geography

Bulgaria is a relatively small state of the state (111 thousand km2), located in the south of Europe, in the north-east of the Balkan Peninsula. It is washed by the waters of the Black Sea. Country in the south-east of Europe on the Balkan Peninsula (from 1946 to 1990, the People's Republic of Bulgaria was called). Bulgaria has a common border with five countries. In the north, in the Danube, the border is held with Romania, in the south - with Turkey and Greece, in the West - with Serbia and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. In the East is washed by the waters of the Black Sea. Bulgaria Square 110912 sq. Km More than half the territory of the country is mountainous or hilly: the Balkan Mountains crosses the country from the north-west to the Black Sea and form a watershed between the Danube River and the Aegean Sea. In the south, the Rhodope Mountains are undergoing the border with Greece. In the south-west of Bulgaria, the Mountain of Rila is located, where the highest point of the country is located - Mount Musala (2925 m). Closer to the east there is a few valleys, including Tracy. The main river of Bulgaria is Danube, the tributaries of which are Is-Kyr and Yantra.

Time

Time in Bulgaria lags behind Moscow for 1 hour.

Climate

For most of the territory of Bulgaria, a moderately continental climate is dominated with a clearly pronounced four seasons. On the Black Sea coast and in the southern regions climate is close to Mediterranean. In the country, the average temperature of the coldest month is January - ranges from -2 to + 2 ° C. In the mountains, the thermometer is killed to -10 ... - 15 degrees. The average temperature of the warmest month is July - fluctuates from + 18 ° C to + 24 ° C in the northern regions to +28 in the southern and in the Black Sea coast, while it rarely overtakes for 30 degrees. Annual precipitation is 670 mm, and in the mountains - 800 - 1000 mm. In Northern Bulgaria and the Black Sea region, the most wet months are May - June, the most dry - February. In South Bulgaria, the maximum of precipitation falls for November - December, at least in August. Water in the Black Sea warms up to + 25 ° C. Bulgaria climate is favorable for rest, especially for residents of the middle strip.

Language

The state language is Bulgarian, which is so close to Russian that there are practically no language problems with Russian-speaking tourists. The service personnel at the resorts, in hotels and restaurants, as a rule, speaks Russian, English, German and French.

Religion

The state is guaranteed freedom of religion. Religious institutions are separated from the state. The traditional religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity (85% of the population). Orthodox Christianity with IX century. He is the main religion of the country. Today, 82.6% of the inhabitants are confessing. Throughout the history of Bulgaria, it played an important role in the formation of a nation. In the days of foreign dominion, thanks to the Orthodox Church, Bulgarians managed to preserve their native language, and in many respects and culture. The church is autocephalous (administratively independent). She is managed by the Bulgarian Patriarch. Services are conducted in Bulgarian.

Population

The population of Bulgaria is about 9 million people, of which 85% of Bulgarians, 9.7% of the Turks and 5% of the gypsies. The population of Bulgaria over the past 20 years has decreased by almost a million people - and now in the country there are about 7.7 million citizens. Bulgarian specialists call several reasons due to which such an unpleasant trend has emerged: a fall in fertility, as well as a high level of emigration. According to some forecasts, if the existing demographic situation does not change, after a few decades, the population of Bulgaria can be reduced by one third. The population reduction is celebrated in many European countries, but in Bulgaria this process is exacerbated by an extremely low standard of living.

Electricity

Voltage in the power grid - 220 volts throughout the country.

Emergency phones

Ambulance Phone in Bulgaria - 150
Fire Service Telephone in Bulgaria - 160
Police phone in Bulgaria - 166
Phone traffic police in Bulgaria - 165
Road service in Bulgaria - 146

Communication

Telephone connection: You can call the other country or the city from any phone-machine using mobile phone cards of Magica (Bulfons and Bulfon Machines "(Orange Cards and Apparatuses), which are sold in communications, newspaper kiosks , small shops and hotels. Consumption of conditional units on the card is indicated on the phone display. The call from the mail will cost a little cheaper than from the hotel. Bulgarian code - 359. To call to Bulgaria, you must dial - 8 - 10 - 359 - the city code is the number of the called subscriber. To access the international connection from Bulgaria: 00 (beep) - the country code and city is the number of the called subscriber. When calling from Russia to Bulgaria to cell phones, the country code (359) should be typed - the cell phone number of the subscriber. In this case, the city code does not have.

Currency exchange

In use there are coins 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 of the steots and banknotes 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 of the left (LV). From July 1, 1999, a local currency denomination was produced in the country. A similar Russian, when each nominal was reduced by three zero. The old money was in circulation until the end of 1999, but now the tourist can slip the money out of turn. The Bulgarian leva rate is tightly tied to the German brand: 1LV. \u003d DM1. In turn, $ 1 is approximately DM2. (For June 2000). In general, in big cities, the course is better than in the resorts. Banks work with customers from Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 16:00. On Sunday and holidays, banks are closed.

Visa

Citizens of Russia and the CIS for visiting Bulgaria requires a visa for which it is necessary to contact Bulgaria's visa centers or visa departments of the Embassy or Consulates of Bulgaria in the territory of the Russian Federation. Types of visas: 1) Visa of the short-term stay (entry visa) - issued to persons whose goal is tourism, visiting relatives or friends; 2) Group visa - issued to persons who are citizens of one state and formed a group before applying for a visa. Group tourist visas give the right to a one-time entry and stay of no more than 30 days. Group single or twofold transit visas give the right to a single or twofold passage through the territory of Bulgaria. The composition and number of the group during the stay and departure beyond Bulgaria should not change; 3) Transit visa - issued to persons whose purpose is transit through the territory of Bulgaria in third countries within 24 hours. This visa gives the right to leave the airport and be located in the country within the limits of the specified period. Russian citizens do not require a transit visa if they arrive in Bulgaria in order to intermediate landing or transplanting to another flight and do not leave the controlled airport zone; 4) a visa for a long-term stay (immigration visa) - issued to persons wishing to receive a prolonged (for a period of 1 year) or permanent residence in the Republic of Bulgaria.

Customs regulations

It should be declared: jewels, professional photos, cinema and video equipment, which should then be taken out of the country. The import of some items is set limit over which you need to pay a duty: Cigarettes - 200 pcs. (or other tobacco products - 250 g), wine - 2 l, strong alcoholic beverages - 1l, coffee - 500 g, tea - 100 g, perfumes - 50 ml, cologne or other perfumery products - 250 ml.; Personal use, photo and video equipment, sports and hunting accessories (it is necessary to fill out a declaration with the obligation of their reverse export). A duty-free removal of antique products and works of art with permission is allowed. Forbidden importation: automotive gas plane installations; meat and meat products, beans, sugar; Children's clothing and shoes, cotton fabrics, household electrical appliances.

Holidays and non-working days

January 1 - New Year
March 3 - the day of the liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman Iga
April - Good Friday
April - Easter Monday
April - May - Easter (the dates of these holidays vary in the church calendar)
May 1 - Labor Day
May 6 - Day George Victorious, official festival of the Armed Forces of Bulgaria
May 24 - Day of Slavic Writing and Culture
August 15 - the Assumption of the Virgin
September 6 - Bulgaria's Day
September 22 - Independence Day
November 1 - the day of all saints
December 6 - Constitution Day
December 8 - Immaculate conception
25, 26 December - Christmas

Transport

In cities there are buses, trolley buses and trams. The cost of a single travel ticket ranges in the range of 0.25 BGL in different cities (0.4 BGL in the Sofia Metropolitan). Double ticket (valid for an hour) costs 0.4 BGL, passing for five days - 4.4 BGL, for a month - 21 BGL. In some resorts there are also long-distance uniform tickets of different periodicity. Many settlements and resorts are common for the price of route taxis.

There is a metropolitan in the capital. The cost of a single ticket of 0.4 BGL. Yellow taxi with traditional "checkers", a price list with rates should be fixed on the side glass, in most taxis you can even get a check. Act day and night (22.00-06.00) Tariffs. Basic prices (day \\ night tariff) - landing - 0.29 \\ 0.39 BGL, 1 km. Run - 0.48 \\ 0.58 BGL, one minute of waiting - 0.16 \\ 0.19 BGL, additional luggage position - 5 BGL. At the resorts, taxi drivers often offer "contract prices", in this case it is possible to bargain.

Railway transport in Bulgaria is relatively inexpensive and convenient. Trains are divided into "Ekspreshen" (express) and "pitney" (Passenger). When traveling to holiday areas, tickets are recommended to reserve in advance.

Tip

Tipping usually make up 5-8% in the restaurant (in high category restaurants - 10%), cafe and bar, if the guest has been satisfied. In a taxi "for tea", it is usually 5% of the amount on the meter or rounding to an integer (the main payment is strictly in the meter).

The shops

The largest and most lively market of Sofia, the so-called female market, female Pazar. In addition to fruits and vegetables, you can buy meat, cheeses, seasonings and spices, dishes, clothes, shoes, metal products, etc. The covered market (Khali) is opposite the mosque on the bulb. Kn. Maria-Louise. The large Sofia market is an example of the architecture of the beginning of the XX century. It was built in 1910-1911. Today, this market is the main place for selling fresh products in Sofia.

Slivek Square in the city center is the most visited place in the city. Here you can find a varied number of shopping beds, as well as a book market where work is sold in all possible languages \u200b\u200bat very attractive prices.

Fashion stores are located in the central part of Sofia. Here you can find all the most famous brands (Hugo Boss, Lacoste, Marlboro Classics). You will find them if you raise the Vi-Tosha boulevard. Trendy shops are also on the street. Tsar Shishman and Count Ignatiev.

Typical Bulgarian souvenirs - rose oil, wines and raki, carpets and ceramics, silver products. Souvenir shop next to the church of Alexander Nevsky. Antiques (musical instruments, cameras, paintings, icons, etc.) can be found in the park located opposite the Church of Alexander Nevsky. Icons are copies from the most beautiful icons stored in Bulgarian monasteries.

National cuisine

The dishes are really delicious - sharp seasonings, an abundance of vegetables, spicy taste. One of its main features is the simultaneous thermal processing of products on weak fire. This allows you to preserve the nutritional properties, achieve a pleasant flavor of dishes, original taste combinations. This also contributes to the use of a variety of products, seasonings, vegetable and animal fats.

It all starts with Salads: Traditional shopping, mesh (tomatoes with cucumbers and cheese), Russian "Own", "Snezhanka" (fresh cucumbers, walnuts, pressed Bulgarian "Kiselki Blyako"). It is impossible to leave without attention and cold "preditions": the root or cocktail made of ham, the cocktail mushroom, dry sausage "Lucca", tomatoes stuffed with mushrooms or cheese.

The cold Bulgarian soup "Tarator" is very unusual (finely chopped cucumbers, dill, garlic and walnuts are filled with divorced Bulgarian "Kiselle Blind"). A peculiar taste of soup from a lamb (Agnioska Kurban Chorba) and a lentil soup (Chorba bream). Bulgaria is famous for its Pyrzhals (a piece of meat fried on the grille) and kebaps (fried minced meat on the grid).

Popular dishes are: Kavarma (meat or vegetable roll), Sarma's definition (chop label lamb with rice and egg), Sarmi (stuffed with grape leaves), kebab (meat on a spit), Rhodopskaya Banitsa, lamb (baked right in front of you on coals) , Trout, Kebap in Melnikovski, Bannaya Stater, Sudzhuk, Chomlec (stewed beef), Kebab in Pumpkin (prepared on slow fire, thanks to which all the taste quality of products used) is preserved).

Bulgaria is included in the top five wine producers, like red (Cabernet, Maurud, Merlot, hotels, tracia, etc.), and white (Chardonna, Galatea, Micate, Riesling, Tigjanka).

sights

Ril monastery - Holy place of Bulgaria. The monastery is recognized as the shrine not only the Orthodox, but also the whole Christian church. The Rilsky Monastery (officially monastery of St. John Rilsky) is the largest and most famous Orthodox Monastery of Bulgaria, in the north-west of the mountains of Rila, 117 km south of Sofia in the Rilsk Valley, at an altitude of more than 1000 m above sea level. Through the century, he retained pride, national consciousness, honor and hope of the Bulgarian people. The monastery was founded in the first century followers of Hermita of St. Ivan Rilsky, the power of which is stored here so far.

Rozhensky Monastery Located in the south of the country, 6 km from the Museum town Melnik at the foot of Pirin Mountain and almost 100 years older than the Riel Monastery. In its today's form, the monastery (erected by the Melnitsky ruler with glory at the turn of the XII - XIII centuries.) It has been preserved as he was in the XVI century. The flourishing of the monastery reached apogee in the XIX century, when he became a regional spiritual center and had numerous estates in the nearby regions. This is the only of the monasteries restored in the first centuries, who later was fortunate enough to survive. At the beginning of the XVII century, it was destroyed by fire, and in the XVIII century, for donations of Bulgarian patients was restored.

One of the most interesting sights of the capital is built of red brick on the site of Roman Rotunda church of St. George - The oldest temple of Sofia. Frescoes are preserved on the inside of the dome, the earliest of which are dated to the century, and the remains of the streets of the ancient angry (the Roman name of the city) are preserved outside. The most beautiful boulevard of the city - Bulhard Vitosha, coming from the Cathedral of St. Week, past the numerous underground trade gallery, to the Square of the Palace of Culture with the Monument of the 1300th anniversary of Bulgaria. In the nearby building of the Palace of Justice (1936), the National Museum of History is located - one of the largest historical museums in the Balkans.

Veliko-Tarnovo City Reserve, the ancient capital of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom (1185 - 1393), certainly worth the sake of inspection of the royal palace, the picturesque Patriarchal and Baldwin tower in fortress Tsarevets On the Hill of the same name, near which the show "Sound and the Light" show, telling about the history of the city. The picturesque quarter of Varusha, Monastery of St. Peter and Paul (XIII century) and Kapinovsky, as well as the Church of St. Dimitra Solunsky (XI century, the oldest in the city) and St. Soroky Martyrs (1230).

In Plovdiv, the second largest city of Bulgaria, be sure to inspect Trimonucium ("Three Hills", Old Town) - Roman Forum, theater for 3 thousand seats and the gate of Hisar Kapia (II century. n. er), and also mosque Dzhoy (XV century) and Imaret (1445), cathedral of Constantine and Elena (1832) with an excellent gallery icons, the ruins of the Thracian city of Evolypias (II century BC. E.), philip II Macedonian Amphitheater, as well as unique church - St. Week, St. Dimitra and St. Marina (1854). Plovdivsky Archaeological Museum It is considered one of the best in the country, also good ethnographic museum in the house of Coumjoglu with the excellent collection of national costumes, the art gallery in the house of Baklanov and the Museum of National Revival.

The center of Varna is considered cathedral of St. The Assumption of the Virgin ("Cedral", 1880 - 1910), famous for its frescoes and a unique wood carvings in the design of the patriarchal throne and iconostasis. The Museum of History and Art (Archaeological) is placed on Square in 2000 sq. M. m. In the beautiful building of the former maiden gymnasium, and is considered the largest museum of the city. In his unique exposure, more than 55 thousand exhibits, starting with the era of early Paleolithic and to the late Middle Ages, including a unique gold collection V - VI millennium BC. e.

Nessebar city is famous for many little churches, among which are most attractive st. Stephen's Church (XI century) and known for its miraculous icon church of St. Virgin, as well as a charming old mill, narrow, cobbled street, gentle sea, bizarre white rocks and wide sandy beaches, bordered by sand dunes.

Resorts

Beach resorts: Mermaid, Albena, Kranevo, Zlakoti-Pyatsci, Riviera, Slynchev Dan, Sveti-Konstantin and Elena, Review, Slynchev-Bryag, Dunes. Fourth largest Bulgarian city Burgas Located in the southeastern part of the country, on the shores of the deep bay of Foros. The climate here is moderately continental with a strong influence of the sea. Burgas is a major industrial center. It is rather not a beach area, but a key point on the way to a large seaside resorts like Slynchev-Bryag - it is at the airport of Burgas that many international flights are launched.

Stunning ancient city Nessebar Located 20 km north of Burgas, on a narrow peninsula, far outstanding in the sea. South of modern quarters, in the southern part of the bay, there are two good beach zones.

Small town Pomorie Located on a narrow rocky peninsula, outstanding at sea by 3.5 km, 20 km northeastern Burgas. Pomorie was founded by Greek colonists in the IV century BC. er, and already in those days was famous for his salted lakes, many of whom had the status of sacred. Now the city is famous for the production of excellent cognacs and wines, the extraction of sea salt and healing mud. Here is one of the largest and most modern in Bulgaria of wine cellars, as well as the Dome Thracian tomb (III century) and the monastery of St. George (1856). Vacationers come here for amazing beauty with species and unique microclimate. Beach fields, sandy, stretched along the sea by 4.2 km.

City Varna Located on the northern shore of the Varna Bay and is a popular seaside resort. This third population is the city of Bulgaria (after Sofia and Plovdiv), considered the country's sea capital and the famous sandy sandy beaches. In July-August, the number of sunny hours a day here reaches 10-11. The sea is surprisingly calm and secure at any time of the year.

Ski resorts: Vitosha-Aleco; Pirin, Kulinoto, Dobriniste, Bansko; Rila, Sixkovo, Panichishte, Malevitsa, Borovets; Rodopi, Chepelare, Pamporovo; Uzane. Complex Vitosha-Aleco Located at the southern outskirts of Sofia and is one of the most highly mountain ski resorts of the country. More than 29 km of tracks at altitudes 1650-2290 m are serviced by 12 lifts. For cross-country skis, 11 km of flat skiing was prepared. The disadvantages include quite often and sharply changing weather.

In the mountain range Pirin (PIRIN), declared by UNESCO Natural and Cultural Heritage Reserve, includes 87 steep vertices and 150 lakes, as well as an ancient town Banskolying around 160 km from Sofia, at an altitude of 930 meters above sea level.

The largest and oldest in Bulgaria ski resort Borovets. It is located at an altitude of 1350 m above sea level on the northern slopes of Mount Rila, at the foot of the highest on the Balkan Musala vertex peninsula (Moussala, 2925 m). The duration of the ski season here is from December to April. The average temperature of the coldest month (January) + 4 ° C.

The most famous most southern ski center of Bulgaria - Resort Pamporovo. (260 km from Sofia, 80 km from Plovdiv), on the lands of which, according to myths, lived the legendary singer Orpheus. Pamporovo is located in the mountains of Rodopi. Height above sea level - 1650 m. The most famous vertices are: Snejanka (Snejanka, 1925 m) and Mourgavets (Mourgavets, 1858 m). In a set of drizzling from under the ground, hot springs gave rise to several medical balneological centers in Pamporovo. The temperature in the winter does not fall below - 7 C. The number of "snowy" days a year - 150-200, the thickness of the snow cover is 140-150 cm.

Uzane - This is a real discovery, a wonderful gem in the mountain crown of the Balkan. Located among the age-old oak forests at an altitude of 1300 m, the resort is part of the Bulgarka Natural Park. The season here continues from mid-December to early April. The total length of the tracks is 3 km. Professional (and the longest) track here - 1300 m. Beginners ride on eight shorter routes. Also, you can enjoy kaiting and ride motorized sleigh. The famous town of Gabrovo is 22 km from the resort.

Balneological resorts: Hisary, Sandanski, Devin, Velingrad, Bicnque, Troyan, Kyustendil.

Resort Hisary It is located at an altitude of 360 meters in the Mountain Mace Mountain, 42 km north of Plovdiv and 140 km east of Sofia. There are 22 mineral springs with water temperature from 37 ° C to 52 ° C. Winter warm, soft and almost mad. The sun shines 280 days a year. Industrial production in these places is not developed, so the ecology is close to ideal.

Resort Devin Located in the Rhodopian mountains, at an altitude of 684 meters, 220 km from Sofia, 100 km from Plovdiv and 45 km from Smolyan. In the mountains about 285 sunny days a year. In winter, the temperature drops to zero, and snow falls, but the situation is usually comfortable. In the summer, it is almost not hot. In these parts, many natural attractions: various waterfalls, caves, rocks and reserves. At night, the ski resort of Pamporovo is located.

Resort Sandanski Located in the Pirin Mountains 160 km from Sofia and 80 km from Blagoevgrad. Sandanski is surrounded by the Pirin National Park and the ruins from the ancient settlements. The resort is famous for mineral springs (their temperature from 33 ° C to 83 ° C) in combination with excellent healing mountain air. Bronchial and asthmatic diseases are cured in Sandanski in most patients. You can relax here at any time of the year, as the winter is soft, and summer is non-jar.

In the region Troyanlocated 160 km from Sofia and 300 km from the Black Sea, there are two points of Balneology - Shipkovo and Chiflik. These places are famous for centuries, crystal clear air and mineral sources. Open pools with mineral water are particularly popular here, the temperature of which is approximately 34 ° C. In SPA-centers, clients offer jacuzzi, saunas, massages, aromatherapy and thalassotherapy.