Venetian glass. Murano Island in Italy: what is famous for? Venetian glass What was produced on the island

Japanese cars are traditionally held in high esteem. They are almost the standard of reliability. Of course, automakers from the Country rising sun it took decades to earn that status. But now there is an opinion that all car manufacturers deliberately reduce the quality of their products in order to lure additional money out of the pocket of car owners to eliminate breakdowns that will occur during the operation of the equipment. I do not want to believe in it. Are Japanese manufacturers really ready to undermine their authority for the sake of extra money? Consider the situation on the example of Nissan Murano.

History of creation

The car belongs to the class of mid-size crossovers. The model was developed by the Nissan division from California (despite the Japanese origin of the brand). Why did this happen? More on this later. Murano is the name of an Italian island.

First generation

Nissan Murano was first shown in 2002. Initially, the model was created for sale exclusively in North America. That same car had a solid 3.5-liter engine under the hood, which produced no less solid power figures - 245 hp. This is quite a typical engine for a real American car enthusiast. A CVT variator was offered as a transmission.

For the American market, Nissan Murano was a discovery, until 2007 it was the only crossover overseas from Nissan. The glory of the model made noise in the Old World. To which the company responded quite adequately. Sales of the Nissan Murano in Europe began in 2004. It turns out that among the Europeans there were connoisseurs of great power with medium size. The engine was exactly the same as for the American market.

In the same year, the model began to be sold in the homeland of the brand (Japan). For the Japanese market, the same 3.5-liter engine was available, as well as another 2.5-liter engine. In 2005, the model underwent a slight restyling, the most noticeable change is the optics, there were also minor improvements to the exterior of the car, the configuration of the car changed.

Second generation Murano

In 2007, the Nissan Murano II was presented at the US Auto Show. At the show, the model was actively discussed by all automotive experts. Sales started the following year, in 2008. The model marking from the manufacturer is Nissan Murano II Z51. The model had similarities with the first generation, but still it was already a different car that corresponded to the fashion trends of the automotive industry of those years. Inside the car was different, the resemblance to the previous version was almost invisible. A notable feature is that materials more than High Quality than on cars of previous years.

The engines haven't changed much. The power of the same 3.5-liter engine has grown. Now it has already reached 265 hp, the Nissan Murano variator on the first generation showed its best side, so the manufacturer decided to leave it unchanged. As an alternative, a 6-speed torque converter automatic was added to it.

Murano CrossCabriolet

In 2010, the company showed the Nissan Murano CrossCabriolet. The car was standard, differed only in the body. The model did not make a splash, and in 2014 Nissan curtailed its production. The explanation was quite predictable - poor sales.

third generation

The presentation took place in 2014. Nissan Murano has received a daring appearance and an interior that is simply striking in its modernity. In the same year, sales of the car began. In Russia, they officially began to sell the model since 2016, but now it is a Russian-assembled Murano.

This "Murano" is innovative in every way. Its body is covered with special paint. The peculiarity of the paint is that it is able to regenerate. If you have shallow scratches on the body, then they will heal under the influence of sunlight, the body will again become perfect. The resource of this interesting feature paint is not unlimited, but for 3-5 years you can safely forget about polishing.

The model is supplied to the Russian market with a 3.5-liter gasoline engine. This is a reliable aluminum "six". It is worth noting the responsiveness of the manufacturer. The first generation of the Nissan Murano was very popular in Russia, the second generation of the Nissan Murano Z51 was not so well bought in our country.

The reason for the decline in sales of the second generation is the increased power of the power unit. If 15-17 thousand rubles of a transport tax is still acceptable for a powerful fast car, then paying about 40 thousand taxes is already too much, and in fact, an increase of 20 horses in the second generation was not particularly felt.

In the third version of Murano, the management of Nissan, as they say, held back their horses. Now the 3.5-liter engine according to the passport produces 249 hp, this is exactly what is ideal for our market. The car can be front-wheel drive, or it can be supplied with all-wheel drive. Four configurations are offered. The top-end version will cost the buyer almost 3 million rubles, and the most "naked" one will be 500 thousand cheaper.

Customer Reviews

The characteristics of the Nissan Murano are impressive. The manufacturer has managed to maintain and improve them from the first generation to the current version. In the eyes of car enthusiasts, the 3.5-liter Nissan Murano is a powerful, brash car that comes at a cost to its owner.

Contrary to the opinion about the reliability of Japanese cars left far behind, the Nissan Murano in all three generations turned out to be reliable and without obvious weaknesses. Only the interior of the first generation car, which was rich in "crickets", was subject to criticism, but do not forget that the model was positioned for the American market, and they do not look at such trifles there. They value cars for power. With the same indicator, our hero is in full order.

But back to the question of the high cost of maintaining "Murano". Expensive goes to "feed" the car. Powerful large-displacement engine "does not diet and eats notably." According to the passport, the consumption is about 10 liters in the combined cycle, but in reality everything is different. Some fans of "light up" in the city see on their on-board computer numbers three times higher than those stated by the manufacturer. And to be a "vegetable" in the rightmost row, when you have such a "beast" under the hood, there is no desire on this car. This car is bought by those who want to drive with aggression, but these people know what they are getting into, they are not at all surprised by the fuel consumption figures.

There are opinions of buyers who are not too flattering about the quality of iron. According to them, the first generation of a car should already be bought with great care, because some of the cars require not only painting, but more extensive work to remove corrosion and restore metal. If there are such reviews, then this fact takes place. But is there anyone who has seen a rusty Murano with rotten sills? It seems that these are single specimens that have seen the most caustic reagents from the winter roads of Russia and which their owners did not follow at all. If the owner does not follow the car, then it still has a lot of problems, and not just a corrosive body. But this does not mean that the car model is bad, rather it indicates that the owner of the car is completely useless.

Who is this car for?

"Nissan Murano" in Russia is mainly preferred by wealthy young people. The design of the car is very youthful. The power of this car does not hold. Of course, young and hot people want a car with a lower clearance, but sports cars are clearly not for our roads, especially not for the provinces.

There are also older people on the Murano, but obviously they are still young at heart. Those who do not want enthusiasm and excitement on the road take Pathfinder, Qashqai or X-Trail. It must also be admitted that the Nissan Murano is the closest Nissan ever comes to the luxury Infinity division from the same manufacturer.

Outcome

Is it worth paying $3 million for a midsize crossover? Not unless you're a Murano connoisseur. Yes, if you have owned this car before. It doesn't matter what generation it is, the important thing is that if you had it, then you know that it is worth any money.

This is a cheeky car that looks slower than it really is. If you like to collect eyes and be the center of attention, then with Murano you are provided with it. You will be almost a star on the road, you will be the envy of those who, for family reasons or other reasons, cannot afford such a powerful beast. Just get ready to answer ten times a day questions from others regarding the fuel consumption of your car.

Nissan Nissan Murano (2003–2008) Murano Hersteller: Nissan Produktionszeitraum … Deutsch Wikipedia

Nissan Murano- Fabricante Nissan Período 2002 presente … Wikipedia Español

Nissan Murano- Un Nissan Murano. Le Nissan Murano est un SUV de marque Nissan vendu autour de 40,000 dollars canadiens. Sa première génération a commencé en 2003. Nissan vendait environ 5 000 Murano par année au Canada. Cette generation s… … Wikipedia en Français

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(2002-2008);

Although the car is called completely new, it is, of course, not difficult to recognize the Murano family traits in it. The same aggressively dynamic appearance, enhanced by squinted headlights, high seating position. At the shiny radiator grille, the “grin” was changed, but not the shape. In the design, fortunately, the main thing was left: swiftness and even some elegance, uncharacteristic for most modern parquet off-road vehicles. They, as a rule, want to seem like real all-terrain vehicles - more formidable and even rougher than they really are. Murano, rather, strives to be at least a little like a muscular, but slender athlete. Much more significant changes in the cabin. In terms of status and price, the car of the first generation did not really match the instrument panel with its rustic-youthful style. Now bright, pretty devices are presented in a more conservative, logical design. And the rest of the salon will not disappoint fans of serious good quality and calm discretion. The seats will delight owners of magnificent forms who do not like to fetter them. I would like, disregarding professional rules, to imposingly lean my right elbow on the armrest and slowly roll under the palm trees.
The second generation has become 30 more powerful. Smooth acceleration without jerks and hitches is comparable to a trolleybus ... if the "horned" one is equipped with a 700-horsepower engine. Murano easily shoots not only from a standstill, but also when the speedometer is already 70-80 km / h. Overtaking is so easy that at some point they inspire a feeling of omnipotence, especially since the brakes hold the car with a curb weight of more than 1800 kg confidently and convincingly. The suspension is good on straight highways, which are visible for almost a dozen kilometers. A comfortable suspension works perfectly here, a powerful engine pulls with a huge margin. Here, the driver and passengers will appreciate the good sound insulation.

Murano is an island in Italy where the famous glass is produced, the secret of which the local craftsmen have guarded for centuries. It is located northeast of the city of Venice, in the Venetian Lagoon. Murano is a small area, its area is only a little more than one and a half kilometers. But his fame extends far beyond Venice, and even Italy. The demand for glass, which is still made here, the amazing beauty of its products attract tens of thousands of tourists to the island of Murano.

Remote areas of Venice

The city itself consists of dozens of different islands. Between many of them there are bridges, and they are separated by canals. But some - and quite large - areas of the city are quite far from its center. They are scattered across the lagoon, and no one has built bridges to them. These areas include the island of Murano in Venice. But there are other similar places here. These are San Michele, Lido and Torcello. The first of them is known for its needlewomen, embroideries and especially lace, as well as brightly colored houses. San Michele is a Venetian cemetery. Lido is famous for its beaches and film festival. And the island of Torcello is completely different from other areas of the city. It is quiet, small, with green meadows, ancient churches and Byzantine mosaics. But Murano is the most popular and most visited of all the Venetian islands. His glass "art" is known throughout the world.

How to get to Murano?

You can get here only by river minibuses, or the so-called vaporetto. How to get from Venice to Murano island? You need to take routes 41-42 or 51-52 at railway station Santa Lucia or at the main pier on Piazza Roma (near the vaporetto depart about once every half hour. In addition, the ride on this “sea tram” is a real excursion. First, the vaporetto goes around Venice from the north, then stops at Fondamente Nuovo. Further on the boat's path is almost open sea - the Venetian lagoon.Crossing it, the vaporetto makes another stop at the famous cemetery of San Michele, where, by the way, Joseph Brodsky is buried.On the way, you will also see an interesting sculptural group "Dante and Virgil", installed right in the water on a pontoon basis.The drive from the city center to the island is approximately thirty to forty minutes.

Infrastructure and population

Murano is actually an archipelago. These are seven tiny islands, which are washed by the Venetian lagoon from all sides. However, since time immemorial they have been interconnected by bridges, so they are perceived as a single whole. The island is a self-governing district of the Venetian commune. It has its own infrastructure, shops, administration, hospital. Lives on the island about four to five thousand people. And during its heyday - in the Renaissance - many more people settled here. The population of the island in those years was more than thirty thousand. However, now there are much more tourists on Murano than local residents. Although sometimes it seems incomprehensible how such a number of people could be accommodated on this small piece of land. The island is "Venice in miniature". It is also only accessible on foot. It, like the main Venice, is divided in two by the Grand Canal, along which gondola rides.

Story

The island of Murano has been inhabited by people since the 5th century BC. The Romans and different tribes of the Goths visited here. A city founded here was both a fishing port and a center for the salt trade. In the 11th century, monks of the Camaldul order moved here. In the beginning, the community was small. Then they founded the monastery of San Michele di Murano, which later became the center of printing. But the heyday of the island came at the end of the 13th century. In 1291, the government of Venice decides to move all the city's glass-blowing workshops there. By medieval standards of fire safety, this craft was a constant threat to the surrounding inhabitants. Fires constantly broke out in the city, and given that most of the houses in those years were wooden, one can imagine what damage the fire caused.

Venetian glass island

In fact, it is, of course, Murano. There are many workshops on the island where you can see firsthand the process of its manufacture. According to tourists, this is a bewitching and simply magical sight. And in souvenir shops you can buy various products - earrings, jewelry, accessories, interior decor - which is not here ... And all this is of amazing color, incredible texture and amazing ornament. Just keep in mind that it is better to buy all this in more remote areas, and not in the center of the island. There prices may be lower. But even if you do not have free money, you will spend half a day just looking at the windows and just moving from one workshop to another. There is on the island and where thousands of tourists flock every day. And on the streets and courtyards, luxurious compositions are installed in modern style. They are also made of glass.

Secrets of glass making

The production process was kept secret for many years. Venetian glass was one of the city's sources of income. It was made according to special technologies invented by local craftsmen. It is not surprising that the government - the Council of Ten - did not even let the craftsmen out of this island. The glassblowers who settled there were to stay there forever. If such a master left the island, then he was declared a traitor, secretly hunted and killed, wherever he was. But for such insulation, glassblowers received huge privileges. The daughters of masters could marry aristocrats, and their children retained the titles of patricians.

What was produced on the island?

Murano produced mainly mirrors and glasses, as well as various figures. For a long time, nowhere else in Europe could this be done. Then the range of production expanded significantly. Products, in addition to their pretentiousness, seemed so weightless, as if floating in the air. This was written about in books, and glass masterpieces were depicted in paintings. The island of Murano became so famous that the products of glassblowers were presented to the guests of the doges and various high-ranking persons. When Venice paid tribute to the Turkish sultan, she sent as payment some of the masterpieces of her masters. Glass-blowing art reached its peak of glory by the 16th century. However, after a hundred years, these products go out of fashion. In the 18th century, Venetian glass production declined. And with the advent of Napoleon's troops, all the factories were destroyed. But since the 19th century, the fashion for glass has returned and still reigns. A lawyer from Vicenza, with the help of English merchants, built a factory here and resumed the famous production.

Museum

Exposition halls, where different types of glass are exhibited, were opened in the Palazzo Justiniana in 1861. Previously, it was the residence of the Bishop of Torcello - a patrician palace built in the Gothic style. This building has long been the city hall. Here you can get acquainted with the history of how the amazing craft that glorified the island of Murano arose and developed. In addition, the museum contains exhibits, which are glass products of different times and peoples, starting from Ancient Egypt. The museum can only be reached on foot, following all the signs, from the main vaporetto station called "Murano Faro". The exposition is closed on Wednesdays. The museum is open in summer from ten in the morning to five in the evening, and in winter - until four.

sights

What is famous venetian island Murano besides its famous glass? Of course, its architecture. During the Renaissance, aristocrats and noble rich people began to settle on this island. At this time, it became fashionable, as in ancient times, to settle closer to nature. That is why people with money and good taste began to build villas, which were decorated with statues and paintings. And at their leisure, they invited astrologers, philosophers and poets and conducted exquisite conversations here about art and mysticism. Is here beautiful palaces and old churches. For example, the Cathedral of Santa Maria e Donato is known for its stunning frescoes from the 12th century. This is one of the oldest churches in the entire Venetian lagoon. It was built in the Byzantine style - there are rich mosaic panels on the floor, walls and ceilings. The Clock Tower of the 19th century is also interesting. This is one of the most visited places. And the oldest palace on the island is the Palazzo di Mula. It was built in the 12th-13th centuries and managed to avoid renovation like other beautiful villas. That is why here you can admire the Gothic lancet windows and panels in the Byzantine style.

Where to live?

Murano Island in Venice is mainly a destination for day trip. Most tourists come here for a few hours. But there are those who want to spend at least one day among this beauty, because how nice and calm it is on the island in the mornings and evenings, when endless crowds of people subside. For such connoisseurs of exclusivity, Murano has seven hotels. They are small, but quite expensive, however, like any accommodation in Venice in general. The cost of living ranges from 75 to 200 euros. The only hotel with a four-star classification is La Gare Hotel Venice - McGellery Collection. The rest of the hotels are not so chic, but nevertheless very romantic.

Murano Island: reviews of tourists

Travelers believe that even if you have only two days allocated for Venice, one of them should definitely be spent exploring the surroundings. You simply won't have a choice. Otherwise, you will not understand what the real Venice is. And the whole day just needs to be allocated to visit Murano. You will never forget the moment when you are seated on high chairs, offered tea or wine, and you will watch another masterpiece appear under the magic hands of a glass blower. The unlimited textural and color possibilities of this glass can bring to life any, even the most insane fantasy of artists and designers. It looks great both among decorations or household items, and in any interior. It is best to buy glass from Murano Island in official workshops or souvenir shops, otherwise you can buy a Chinese fake. Although every little thing there will cost at least two euros, all these products will be heavy, bright, with a deep overflow of shades. It is also surprising that such fragile decorations - albeit of enormous size - are stored right on the streets, and no vandals have yet broken them.

The mid-size crossover Nissan Murano, intended primarily for the American market, began to be produced in Japan in 2002. The car was created on the FF-L front-wheel drive platform shared with the third-generation sedan, the car received a spectacular exterior and interior design.

Murano was offered to American buyers with a V6 3.5 petrol engine (243–249 hp) and a CVT, and the drive could be front or all-wheel drive. In 2005, the model received a slightly updated design and an expanded list of options.

In 2004, Nissan Murano made its debut on the European market, and in 2005 the crossover began to be officially delivered to Russia (before that, the car was successfully sold by “gray” dealers). Our car was offered with a V6 3.5 engine with a capacity of 234 hp. with., CVT and only in all-wheel drive. Prices started at 1.5 million rubles for a car with six airbags, leather interior, climate control, xenon headlights and a sunroof.

In the Japanese market, Nissan Murano has been on sale since 2004, and here the car also had a new basic version with a 2.5-liter engine with 163 hp. with., a four-speed "automatic" and front-wheel drive.

In Europe and America, sales of the first generation machines ended in 2007, in Japan - in 2008.

2nd generation (Z51), 2007–2016

The second generation Nissan Murano debuted in late 2007. The car was designed on the Nissan D platform, shared with the sedan and several other models. The car received an original appearance, improved interior trim, expanded equipment, and the lineup was replenished.

The main power unit was an upgraded V6 3.5 engine from the previous generation model, coupled with a CVT. The Japanese market also offered a Nissan Murano with a 2.5-liter four-cylinder petrol engine (170 hp) and a CVT, and Europe with a 2.5 dCi turbodiesel (190 hp) and a six-speed automatic.

In Russia, the crossover has been sold since the beginning of 2009 only with a V6 3.5 petrol engine (249 hp) and all-wheel drive, front-wheel drive options were not supplied to us. The starting price of the crossover was 1.7 million rubles. In January 2011, the production of cars for our market began at the Nissan plant in St. Petersburg.

In 2010, a slight restyling of the model was carried out: the car's bumpers and lighting equipment slightly changed, and new options appeared.

In Japan, the second generation model was discontinued in 2014, and cars for the Russian market were made in St. Petersburg until 2016.

Table of Nissan Murano car engines