Presentation on the Trinity Tower. Distance travel

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• Moscow Kremlin towers

• Beklemishevskaya Tower (also known as Moskvoretskaya) is the tower of the Moscow Kremlin wall. built in 1487-1488 by the Italian architect Marco Ruffo. The main cylinder is located on a white stone base with a semicircular roller at the junction. The tower has four tiers with the possibility of circular firing: three tiers of round vaulted rooms and the upper tier, where the mashikuli and the battle platform are located. A well and a rumor hiding place were arranged in the tower to prevent undermining. In 1680, an octagon with a narrow tent and two rows of rumors was built over the main cylinder. The tent of the tower has no internal slabs. Located in the southeastern corner of the Kremlin triangle, near the Moskva River and the Moskvoretsky Bridge. The name comes from the court of the boyar I.N. Beklemishev, which was located inside the Kremlin near the tower. After the execution of Beklemishev by Vasily III, the courtyard together with the tower was used as a prison for the disgraced boyars.
• The height of the tower is 46.7 meters.
• Located near the junction of the Moskva River with the moat, the tower performed an important defensive function, covering, among other things, the ford and the crossing over the Moskva River.

• Beklemishevskaya tower

• It is located in the part of the Kremlin wall that runs along the Moskva River, next to the Beklemishevskaya Tower.
• The name comes from the courtyard of the Ugreshsky Monastery with the Metropolitan Peter Church, which from the 15th to the 17th century was located inside the Kremlin near the tower. In 1771, to make room for the construction of the Grand Kremlin Palace, the monastery courtyard was destroyed.
• The height of the tower is 27.15 meters.
• This tower, outwardly very different from the neighboring towers, was rebuilt many times. The exact time of the first construction of the Petrovskaya tower is not known, it is assumed that it was erected together with other towers of the southern wall in the 1480s (some sources indicate 1485-1487).

• Petrovskaya (Ugreshskaya) tower

• First Nameless Tower

• This architecturally simple tower has been rebuilt many times.
• It was first erected in the 1480s. In 1547, the tower collapsed during a fire in Moscow from an explosion of a powder warehouse arranged in it; in the 17th century it was erected anew, and a second hipped tier was built on the main quadrangle. The tower was dismantled in 1770 in preparation for the construction of the Bazhenov Grand Kremlin Palace; after the termination of its construction, it was rebuilt in a new place, closer to the Tainitskaya tower, in 1783.
• In 1812, the tower was blown up by the retreating French; in 1816-1835 it was restored by the architect OI Bove.

• Second Nameless Tower.

• The tower was built in the 1480s; in the 1680s, a four-sided tent with a watchtower was built over the main quadrangle. At the beginning of the 18th century, a gate was later laid in the tower. Like many other towers of the southern wall, the Second Nameless Tower was dismantled in 1771 in preparation for the construction of the Bazhenov Grand Kremlin Palace and, after the cessation of construction of the palace, was rebuilt.
• Height - 30.2 meters.
• An octagonal tent with a weather vane is located above the upper quadrangle of the tower; the upper quadrangle is open to the inside of the tent. The inner part of the tower includes two levels of premises; the lower tier has a cylindrical vault, and the upper tier is closed.

• Taynitskaya tower

• IN last years In the 15th century, Ivan III conceived a great rebuilding of the Kremlin's towers and walls. The beginning of this construction is closely connected with the name of the architect with Italian roots (Anton Fryazin). The Italian architect arrived in Moscow in 1469 as part of the retinue of the Polish Cardinal Vissarion to prepare the marriage of Ivan III and Sophia Palaeologus. Anton Fryazin in 1485 laid the foundation of the Taynitskaya Tower of the Kremlin and for the first time used bricks for fortification construction. This innovation marked the beginning of a general renovation of the Moscow Kremlin.
• In 1670 - 1680, Russian craftsmen erected a stone top over the four-sided tower - an open arched four-sided roof, topped with a four-sided tent with an observation tower.
• The height of the tower is 38.4 meters.
• Until the 18th century, on the Moskva River, opposite the Taynitsky Gate, the Jordan was arranged on the feast of the Epiphany. The royal exit to the Jordan was one of the most magnificent ceremonies.
• In 1770 - 1771, in connection with the construction of the Kremlin Palace according to the design of V.I.Bazhenov, the Taynitskaya Tower was dismantled, but then restored.

• Annunciation tower

• The name comes from the icon “Annunciation” that previously existed on the tower.
• The height of the tower is 32.45 meters.
• The tower was supposedly built in 1487-1488; in the 1680s, a stone four-sided tent with a decorative watchtower was built over the main quadrangle.
• The lower quadrangle of the tower ends with mashicules, a defense platform and a parapet. The inner space of the lower quadrangle has the shape of an irregular quadrangle and is covered with a closed vault. The middle arched quadrangle with wide windows is separated from the tent by a flat ceiling.
• The same flat ceilings divide the tiers inside the tent. In the old days, the tower also had an underground floor, now half-filled.

• Vodovzvodnaya tower

• Located at the corner of the Kremlin embankment and the Alexander Garden, on the banks of the Moskva River. Erected in 1488 by the Italian architect Anton Fryazin (Antonio Gilardi). The name Sviblova tower comes from the boyar surname Sviblova, whose courtyard adjoined the tower from the Kremlin side.
• The height of the tower is 61.25 meters.
• One of the most beautiful buildings in the Kremlin. It received its modern name in 1633 after the installation of a water-lifting machine in it, made under the direction of Christopher Galovey, to supply water from the Moskva River to the Kremlin.
• Hence the modern name - Vodovzvodnaya. This was the first water supply in Moscow from tanks installed in its upper tiers. The water from it was carried "to the Tsar's Sytny and Kormovaya Palace", and then to the gardens.

• Overlooks the Alexander Garden and Borovitskaya Square, located next to the Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge. The name of the tower, according to legend, comes from the ancient pine forest that once covered one of the seven hills on which Moscow stands. According to another legend, the tower got its name from the builders of the white-stone Kremlin under Dmitry Donskoy - the residents of Borovsk built this part.
• The tower is 54 meters high.
• Before the construction of the modern Borovitskaya tower, another tower existed in its place, which had the same name. This is evidenced by the record of the construction in 1461 of the Church of St. John the Baptist "on the pine forest", where it was written that this church stood at the "Borovitsky gates".
• The new Borovitskaya Tower was built by the Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari during the renovation of the Kremlin in 1490, by order of Vasily III (the architect arrived from Milan to Moscow in 1490).

• Borovitskaya (Forerunner) tower

• It is located between the Borovitskaya and Commandantskaya towers on the north-western side of the Kremlin wall, which today stretches along the Alexander Garden. At the beginning of the 17th century, it had a gateway to the Konyushenny yard in the Kremlin. Hence its ancient name.
• The tower is 38.9 meters high.
• The tower was built in the years 1493-1495. It is possible that the Italian architect Aleviz Fryazin (Old) took part in its construction. In 1676-1686, the tower was built on with a hipped roof and to this day it has well preserved its medieval forms.

• Armory (Stable) Tower

• Commandant (Deaf, Kolymazhnaya) tower on the north-western side of the Kremlin wall, which today stretches along the Alexander Garden. It was formerly called Kolymazhnaya after the Kolymazhny yard in the Kremlin located nearby. In the 19th century, the tower was named "Commandant", when the commandant of Moscow settled in the Kremlin's Amusement Palace of the 17th century.
• The height of the tower is 41.25 meters.
• The Commandant's Tower was built in 1495 by the Italian Aleviz Fryazin. In 1676-1686, this tower, like all the others, was built on with a decorative hipped roof.

• Commandant's (Kolymazhnaya) tower

• Troitskaya Tower (formerly - Rizopolozhenskaya, Znamenskaya, Karetnaya) is a tower with a gate in the middle of the northwestern wall of the Moscow Kremlin, facing the Alexander Garden.
• Trinity Tower is the tallest tower in the Kremlin. The height of the tower, together with the star from the side of the Alexander Garden, is 80 m.
• The Trinity Bridge, protected by the Kutafya Tower, leads to the gates of the Trinity Tower.
• The tower gates serve as the main entrance for visitors to the Kremlin.
• The Russian Presidential Orchestra is based in the Troitskaya Tower.
• Built in 1495-1499. by the Italian architect Aleviz Fryazin Milanese (Italian: Aloisio da Milano). The tower had different names: the Robe of the Robe, Znamenskaya and Karetnaya. It received its current name in 1658 after the Trinity courtyard of the Kremlin. A prison was located in the two-storey base of the tower in the 16th-17th centuries. From 1585 to 1812 there was a clock on the tower.

• Trinity Tower

• Kutafya (Predmostnaya) Tower - a tower opposite the Trinity Tower, at the end of the Trinity Bridge. It is a barbican.
• The tower is 13.5 meters high.
• The tower was built in 1516 under the direction of the Milan architect Aleviz Fryazin. Low, surrounded by a moat and the Neglinnaya river, with the only gates, which in moments of danger were tightly closed by the lifting part of the bridge, the tower was a formidable barrier for those who besieged the fortress. She had loopholes of the plantar and mashikuli. In the XVI-XVII centuries, the water level in the Neglinnaya River was raised high by dams, so that the water surrounded the tower from all sides. Its original height above ground level was 18 meters.
• The only way to enter the tower from the city side was via an inclined bridge.

• Kutafya tower

• Medium Arsenalnaya (Faceted) Tower.

• The Middle Arsenalnaya Tower is a tower of the Moscow Kremlin, located on the northwestern side of the Kremlin wall, which stretches along the Alexander Garden.
• The tower is 38.9 meters high.
• The tower was built in 1493-1495 on the north-western side of the Kremlin wall, on the site of the corner tower of the time of Dmitry Donskoy.
• The name is from the Arsenal building.

• The Corner Arsenal Tower (Sobakina) is the most powerful tower of the Moscow Kremlin. She completed the defense line from the side of Red Square and controlled the crossing of the Neglinnaya River.
• Built in 1492 by Pietro Antonio Solari (circa 1450-1493), an Italian architect.
• Tower height - 60.2 meters.
• In the past, it has performed more than just defense functions. A well was dug in the tower, which in the event of a siege could be used by the garrison of the fortress. From the Corner Arsenal Tower there was a secret passage to the Neglinnaya River. In the 15th-16th centuries, the tower was reinforced with an additional wall that went around it in a semicircle. In 1672-1686, an octagonal tent was erected over it, which ended with an openwork octagon with a hipped roof and a weather vane.

• Corner Arsenalnaya (Sobakin) tower.

• Nikolskaya Tower is one of the towers of the Moscow Kremlin overlooking Red Square.
• Built in 1491 by the Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari. Named after the icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, which was located above the gate of the diversion arrow.
• Tower height: up to the star - 67.1 m, with the star - 70.4 m.
• In 1612, it was through the gates of the Nikolskaya and Spasskaya towers that the people's volunteer corps, led by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin, solemnly entered the Kremlin on November 1. Muscovites and residents of neighboring villages greeted the winners with jubilation. (On October 27, an agreement was signed on the surrender of the Polish garrison).
• In 1806 the tower was overhauled by the architect A.I. Ruska: the former superstructure was replaced by a Gothic top with openwork decorations. These decorations, as well as the four turrets at the corners of the lower quadrangle, are the main differences between the Nikolskaya Tower and other Kremlin towers.
• In 1812, it was blown up by the French retreating from Moscow, restored in 1816 by the architect Osip Ivanovich Bove.

• Nikolskaya tower

• The Senate Tower was built in 1491 by the architect Pietro Antonio Solari.
• The tower received its name after the construction of the Senate Palace on the territory of the Kremlin in 1787. Until that time, it had no special name. In 1680, a stone tent was built over the tower, ending with a golden weather vane.
• The tower is 34 meters high.
• Inside the tower has three tiers of vaulted rooms.
• The Lenin Mausoleum is located in front of the tower.

• Senate tower

• The main gate of the Kremlin - Spasskiy, is located in the tower, the famous clock - chimes - are installed in the tent of the tower.
• The height of the tower to the star is 67.3 m, with the star - 71 m.
• The tower was built in 1491 during the reign of Ivan III by the architect Pietro Antonio Solari, as evidenced by the white stone slabs with commemorative inscriptions installed on the tower itself.
• When built, the tower was approximately half the height. In 1624-1625, the English architect Christopher Galovey, with the participation of the Russian master Bazhen Ogurtsov, erected a multi-tiered top over the tower in the Gothic style (there are flying buttresses in the fifth tier) with elements of Mannerism (non-preserved naked statues - "boobies"), the figurative solution of which goes back to the town hall tower in Brussels (completed in 1455), ending with a stone tent. Fantastic figurines - an element of decor - under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, their nakedness was shyly covered with specially sewn clothes. In the middle of the 17th century, the first two-headed eagle, which was the emblem of the Russian state, was hoisted on the main tower of the Kremlin. Subsequently, two-headed eagles appeared on the Nikolskaya, Troitskaya and Borovitskaya towers.

• Spasskaya (Frolovskaya) tower

• Located on the slope of the Kremlin hill opposite St. Basil's Cathedral. The name comes from the Spassky alarm bell that hung on it, which served as a fire alarm.
• This tower, which has preserved its ancient forms, was built in 1495.
• The main quadrangle ends with mashicules with a parapet. Its interior consists of two tiers: the lower one with a flat ceiling and numerous rooms, with stairs and openings that provide access to the walls, and the upper one with a closed vault.
• The tower is 38 meters high.
• In 1680, an upper arched quadrangle and a tent with an observation tower were built on the tower. The quadruple is open into the cavity of the tent. The details and decoration of the upper quadrangle and the tent (the brick semi-columns of the quadrangle and the observation tower with white-stone capitals and belts) resemble the completion of the Arsenal Tower.

• Alarm tower

• Located on the eastern side of the Kremlin, above the Beklemishevskaya tower.
• The tower was built in 1490 by the Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari (Pyotr Fryazin) on the site of the Timofeevsky gate of the white-stone Kremlin of Dmitry Donskoy. The tower received its modern name after the construction of the Church of Constantine and Helena in the Kremlin in the 17th century (the church was destroyed in 1928).
• The tower is 36.8 meters high.
• The tower was designed to protect the entrances to the pier on the Moskva River and the nearby streets of Veliky Posad, going in the direction of Zaryadye: Vsekhsvyatskaya (now Varvarka) and Velikaya (which later became Mokrinsky Lane, but now completely disappeared). Originally, the Konstantino-Eleninskaya tower was a passable one, with a drawbridge over the moat and a diversion arrow (an additional tower connected to the main bridge). After 1508, the second diverter arrow was completed

• Konstantino-Eleninskaya (Timofeevskaya) tower

• This youngest and smallest tower was built in 1680.
• Strictly speaking, this is not a tower, but a stone tower, a tent set on the wall. Once upon a time there was a small wooden turret from which, according to legend, Tsar Ivan IV (the Terrible) loved to watch the events taking place on Red Square - hence the name of the tower.
• The tower is 16.7 meters high.
• White stone belts on pillars, high pyramids in the corners with gilded flags, a tent, ending with a gilded graceful weather vane - all this gives the tower the appearance of a fairytale tower.

• Tsar tower

• Execution Ground is a monument of ancient Russian architecture, located in Moscow, on Red Square. It is an elevation surrounded by a stone fence.
• There are various versions about the etymology of the name. Under one of them, for example, it is argued that the name of the Execution Ground arose from the fact that at this place they "cut their heads" or "folded their foreheads." Other sources claim that "Execution Ground" is a Slavic translation from Greek - "Kranievo place" or from Hebrew - "Golgotha" (this name was given to the Calvary hill due to the fact that its upper part was a bare rock, vaguely resembling a human skull). In fact, the word "frontal" means just location: Vasilievsky Spusk, at the beginning of which there is Lobnoe mesto, in the Middle Ages it was called "forehead" (a common name for steep descents to the river in medieval Russia).

• Place of execution

• The creation of a unique monument of artistic casting - Tsar Bells - dates back to the 18th century.
• In 1730, Empress Anna Ivanovna ordered to cast the broken Grigoriev bell with the addition of metal and to bring the weight of the bell to 10 thousand poods.
• The son of Field Marshal Minich was instructed to find a skilled craftsman in Paris to make the bell. Munnich offered the royal mechanic Germaine to do this difficult job, but he took it as a joke that he should pour out a bell of this size.
• The master Ivan Fedorovich Motorin, who undoubtedly was the most outstanding caster of his time, contracted to cast the bell that broke in the fire of 1701 and install it on the Ivan the Great bell tower.

• The Tsar Bell

• One of the remarkable monuments of military equipment and foundry art of the XVI-XIX centuries. is the Tsar Cannon - the largest caliber weapon in the world. It stands by the building built in 1810 by the architect I.V. Egotov for the Armory.
• The Tsar Cannon was cast by Andrei Chekhov in 1586 in Moscow, at the Cannon Yard on the banks of the Neglinnaya River (modern Teatralny Proezd).
• The length of the gun is 5.34 m, the outer diameter of the barrel is 120 cm, the diameter of the patterned belt at the muzzle is 134 cm, the caliber is 890 mm, and the weight is 39.31 tons (2400 poods). Decorated with belts of reliefs, on the right side of the muzzle - the image of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich (in the crown and with a scepter in his hand) on horseback. On each side of the barrel, there are four brackets designed to fasten the ropes when the gun is moving.

• Tsar Cannon

• The unveiling of the monument to Minin and Pozharsky by the sculptor Ivan Petrovich Martos took place on February 20, 1818 in the presence of the emperor, empress, "with an innumerable crowd of people."
• Russian sculptor Ivan Petrovich Martos (1754-1835). Initially, the monument was intended for Nizhny Novgorod, but at the insistence of Martos, it was erected in Moscow. They wanted to install it on Strastnaya Square, then chose a place in front of the Upper Trading Rows on Red Square, where it was installed.
• I.P. Martos depicts the moment when Minin (figure on the left) appeals to the wounded Prince Pozharsky with an appeal to lead the Russian army and expel the Poles from Moscow. Standing, he hands the sword to Pozharsky with one hand, and with the other shows him to the Kremlin, urging him to stand up for the defense of the Fatherland.

• Monument to Minin and Pozharsky.

Moscow Kremlin

The Moscow Kremlin, our shrine,
Cathedrals of ancient domes,
From these walls, ancient towers
And Moscow begins.

The Kremlin is a fortress wall with towers and loopholes that served to protect the city.

History
The Moscow Kremlin is inextricably linked with the history of princes, tsars and emperors who ruled the Moscow principality, then the kingdom, and then the Russian Empire.

The Moscow Kremlin is a historical architectural monument, which is included in the list of the world natural and cultural heritage of UNESCO.

The first Kremlin was founded by order
Yuri Dolgoruky
in 1147.
Moscow was then a small wooden fortress, lost in the dense forests
Vladimir-Suzdal
Land. 1147 - foundation of the Moscow Kremlin

Since 1331, Ivan Kalita, brother of Yuri, strengthened and expanded Moscow Russia. He built in Moscow many wooden and stone churches, cathedrals, and a fortress made of oak logs.

The most dangerous enemy for the Kremlin walls was fire. Therefore, in 1365, under Prince Dmitry Donskoy, the walls and towers of the Kremlin from white stone were raised. And then people called Moscow white-stone.

In the second half of the 15th century, Moscow was ruled by
Ivan III. Having married Sophia Palaeologus, a Byzantine princess, Ivan III was able to complete the unification of the principalities of Russia and Moscow acquired a new status - the capital of a large state, and the Grand Duke of Moscow from 1485 began to be called "the sovereign of all Russia."

At this time, at the invitation of Ivan III, Italian masters come, who, by his order, build the walls and towers of the Kremlin from red bricks, build white-stone cathedrals that have survived to this day.

Kremlin presents

a triangle of irregular shape.
The Kremlin walls, more than two kilometers long, repeat the outlines of Borovitsky Hill and cover an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 27 hectares.
Wall height -
from 8 to 19m;
thickness -
from 3 to 6 m
Along the top of the wall there is a combat platform, invisible from the outside, with a width of 2 to 4 meters.

IN architectural complex Moscow Kremlin includes:

each of them has its own history, purpose and special architectural image.

18 buildings are:
churches,
cathedrals, palaces,
and chambers

5
areas:
Troitskaya,
Dvortsovaya, Senate,
Ivanovskaya and Cathedral.

Spassky Tower
the most beautiful tower of the Kremlin. It was built by the architect P. Solari in 1491. Initially, the tower was called Frolovskaya, and later it was renamed into Spasskaya in honor of the icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands, placed above the entrance gate. The gates of the Spasskaya Tower were the main front entrance to the Kremlin, were considered saints and were especially revered among the people: men had to pass through them with their heads uncovered, and it was forbidden to ride through the Spassky Gate on horseback. From here regiments left for battle, here they met foreign ambassadors.

Slide number 10

The whole world listens to the striking of the clock on the Spasskaya Tower every day. The first clock was installed in 1491, and the current Kremlin chimes were mounted in 1851-1852 by the Butenop brothers.
The total weight of the chime mechanism is about 25 tons,
diameter of each of four dials - 6m12cm,
height of numbers - 72 cm,
the length of the hour hand is 2 m 97 cm, the minute hand is 3 m 28 cm.

Slide number 11

The oldest tower of the Moscow Kremlin is Taynitskaya. The construction of the Kremlin fortifications began with it. A well was dug under the tower, to which the tower and its gates owe their name. In the event of a siege through this well and underground passage it was possible to supply the Kremlin with water.

Slide number 12

Tsar tower

This youngest and smallest tower was built in 1680.
It is not even a tower, but a stone tower, a tent set on the wall. Once upon a time there was a small wooden turret from which, according to legend, Tsar Ivan IV (the Terrible) loved to watch the events taking place on Red Square - hence the name of the tower.

Slide number 13

Kutafya tower.
The smallest tower.
Built in 1516 under the direction of the Milan architect A. Fryazin. Not high, surrounded by a moat and a river, with the only gates, which were tightly closed in moments of danger. The tower was a serious obstacle for the besiegers. It consisted of two battle tiers; on the upper platform there were hinged loopholes.

Slide number 14

Alarm tower

It was built in 1495. It got its name from the alarm bell that announced the impending danger. Sentinels were on duty around the clock, watching the roads. Noticing fire or pillars of smoke, which was a sign of an approaching enemy army, the watchmen sounded the alarm so that the inhabitants of the surrounding villages would hurry to hide in the fortress.

Slide number 15

The Archangel Cathedral is located in the southeastern part of Cathedral Square. For the first time, the wooden Archangel Michael Church on this site was built in the middle of the 13th century under Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich the Brave, brother of St. Alexander Nevsky.

Slide 1

Slide 2

Moscow Kreml is the oldest part of Moscow, the main socio-political, spiritual-religious and historical-artistic complex of the capital, the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation. Located on the high, left bank of the Moskva River - Borovitsky Hill, at the confluence of the river. Neglinnaya. In plan, the Kremlin is an irregular triangle with an area of \u200b\u200b27.5 hectares. The southern wall faces the Moskva River, the northwestern one faces the Alexander Garden, the eastern one faces Red Square. Geographically located in the Central Administrative District, separated as an independent administrative unit. The Moscow Kremlin has 20 towers and they are all different, no two are alike. Each tower has its own name and its own history Moscow Kremlin Moscow Kremlin Location Moscow Year of construction 1482-95 Kremlin area 27.7 hectares Length of walls 2500 meters Number of towers 20 Number of gates 4 Tower height up to 80 m Tower wall thickness 24m↔ Wall height from 5 to 19 m Wall thickness from 3.5 to 6.5 m

Slide 3

Only two towers did not get names, they are called the First Nameless and Second Nameless. They are followed by the Petrovskaya Tower, but the most extreme right tower has two names at once. In our time, it is called Moskvoretskaya, and at one time it was called Beklemishevskaya by the name of the person next to whose yard it was laid. Somehow it turned out that the enemies most often attacked from the side of the Moskva River, and the Moskvoretskaya Tower had to be the first to defend itself. That is why it is so formidable and with so many loopholes. Its height is 46.2 m.Beklemishevskaya tower

Slide 4

The first tower, which was laid during the construction of the Kremlin, was Taynitskaya. The Taynitskaya tower is so named because a secret underground passage led from it to the river. It was intended so that it was possible to take water if the fortress was besieged by enemies. The height of the Taynitskaya Tower is 38.4 m. The Taynitskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 5

Vodovzvodnaya tower - so named because of the car that was here once. She raised water from a well, arranged at the bottom of the very top of the tower into a large tank. From there, water flowed through lead pipes into royal palace in the Kremlin. Thus, in the old days, the Kremlin had its own water supply system. It worked for a long time, but then the car was dismantled and taken to another city - St. Petersburg. There it was used to build fountains. The height of the Vodovzvodnaya Tower with a star is 61.45 m. The Vodovzvodnaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin.

Slide 6

At the Vodovzvodnaya Tower, the Kremlin wall turns from the river. There is another tower on the corner - Borovitskaya. This tower stands near Borovitsky Hill, on which a pine forest grew long ago. From him came her name. The height of the tower with a star is 54.05 m.Borovitskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 7

Next to Borovitskaya is the Armory Tower. Once upon a time there were ancient weapons workshops next to it. They also made precious utensils and jewelry. The ancient workshops gave the name not only to the tower, but also to the remarkable museum located next to the Kremlin wall - the Armory. Here are collected many Kremlin treasures and just very ancient things. For example, helmets and chain mail of ancient Russian warriors. The height of the Armory Tower is 32.65 m. The Armory Tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 8

If we go a little further along the walls of the Kremlin, we will see the Trinity Bridge. It was thrown across the Neglinnaya River many centuries ago, even before it was hidden under the ground. Troitsky Bridge leads to the gates of one of the highest Kremlin towers - Troitskaya. The bridge connects the Troitskaya tower with another - a low and wide tower. This is Kutafya Tower. In the old days, this was the name for an awkwardly dressed woman. The tower was decorated already in the seventeenth century. Before that, Kutafya was very austere, with drawbridges at the side gates and hinged loopholes. She guarded the entrance to Troitsky Bridge. Previously, there were more such bridge towers. But only one has survived to this day. The height of the Trinity Tower with a star is 80 m. It is the tallest tower in the Moscow Kremlin. The Kutafya Tower is only 13.5 m high. It is the lowest tower in the Kremlin. Kutafya and Trinity Towers of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 9

We go further along the Kremlin wall. She turns again. There is another tower here. From a distance, it looks round, but if you get closer, it turns out to be not at all like that, because it has 16 faces. This is the corner Arsenal tower. Once she was called Sobakina, by the name of a person who lived nearby. But in the 18th century, the Arsenal building was erected next to it, and the tower was renamed. There is a well in the dungeon of the corner Arsenal Tower. It is over 500 years old. It is filled from an ancient source and therefore it always has clean and fresh water. Earlier, there was an underground passage from the Arsenal Tower to the Neglinnaya River. The height of the tower is 60.2 m. The corner Arsenal tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 10

Average Arsenalnaya Tower. It was built in 1493-1495. After the construction of the Arsenal building, the tower got its name. A grotto was erected near the tower in 1812 - one of the attractions of the Alexander Garden. The height of the tower is 38.9 m. The middle Arsenalnaya tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 11

Alarm tower. Once upon a time, sentinels were constantly on duty here. From a height, they vigilantly watched - if the enemy army was going to the city. And if danger was approaching, the sentinels had to warn everyone, ring the alarm bell. Because of him, the tower was named Nabatnaya. But now there is no bell in the tower. Once at the end of the 18th century, a riot began in Moscow at the sound of the Alarm bell. And when order was restored in the city, the bell was punished for disclosing an unkind message - they deprived of the language. In those days it was a common practice to recall at least the history of the bell in Uglich. Since then, the alarm bell fell silent and remained idle for a long time until it was removed to the museum. The height of the Alarm Tower is 38 m. The Alarm Tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 12

To the right of the Nabatnaya Tower is the Tsar's Tower. It is not at all like other Kremlin towers. There are 4 columns directly on the wall, and on them a peaked roof. There are no powerful walls or narrow loopholes. But she doesn't need them. Because the tower was not built for defense. According to legend, Tsar Ivan the Terrible loved to look at his city from this place. Later, the smallest tower of the Kremlin was built here and named it Tsarskaya. Its height is 16.7 m. The Tsar Tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 13

Konstantino - Eleninskaya Tower (Timofeevskaya). It was built in 1490 and was used for the passage of the population and troops to the Kremlin. Earlier, when the Kremlin was white-stone, another tower stood on this place. It was through her that Dmitry Donskoy went with an army to the Kulikovo field. The new tower was built for the reason that there were no natural barriers from its side, not the Kremlin. It was equipped with a drawbridge, a powerful diverter arrow and a passage gate, which after, in the 18th and early 19th centuries. have been disassembled. The tower got its name after the Church of Constantine and Helena, which stood in the Kremlin. Tower height 36.8 m. Konstantino - Eleninskaya tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 14

At first, the Senate Tower did not have a name, and received it only after the construction of the Senate building. After which they began to call her the Senate. The tower was built in 1491, its height is 34.3 m.Senate tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 15

Nikolskaya tower. It was built in 1491. architect Pietro Antonio Solari to strengthen the northeastern part of the Kremlin, not protected by natural barriers. There was a gate in it, it had a diverter arrow with a drawbridge. The diversion strelnitsa or barbican was the name of the tower outside the fortress walls, which guarded the approaches to the gate or bridge. For example, the Kutafya Tower is a barbican. The name of the Nikolskaya Tower comes from the name of the icon of St. Nicholas, installed above the gates of her barbican. At this icon, controversial issues were resolved. In ancient times, a clock was also installed on the tower. Now they are not there, but the top of the tower is crowned with a red star. The height of the tower with a star is 70.4 m. Nikolskaya tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 16

The Peter's tower, together with two nameless ones, was built to strengthen the southern wall, as the most frequently attacked. As well as two nameless Petrovskaya tower at first had no name. She received her name from the church of Metropolitan Peter at the Ugreshsky courtyard in the Kremlin. In 1771. during the construction of the Kremlin palace, the tower, the church of Metropolitan Peter and the Ugreshskoye courtyard were dismantled. In 1783. the tower was rebuilt, but in 1812. the French destroyed it again during the occupation of Moscow. In 1818. The Petrovskaya Tower was restored again. It was used for their own needs by the Kremlin gardeners. The height of the tower is 27.15 m. Petrovskaya tower of the Moscow Kremlin Slide 18 Annunciation tower. According to legend, this tower used to keep the miraculous icon "Annunciation", as well as 1731. the Church of the Annunciation was added to this tower. Most likely, the name of the tower is associated with one of these facts. In the 17th century. for the passage of laundresses to the Moskva River, a gate was made near the tower, called Portomoyny. In 1831. they were laid, and in Soviet times the Church of the Annunciation was dismantled. The height of the Annunciation Tower with a weather vane is 32.45 m. The Annunciation Tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 19

Links: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Moscow_Kremlin_from_Kamenny_bridge.jpg http://mos-holidays.ru/moscow-kremlin/ http: //ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Moscou-Kremlin-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0% B5% D0% BC% D0% B8% D1% 88% D0% B5% D0% B2% D1% 81% D0% BA% D0% B0% D1% 8F _ (% D0% 9C% D0% BE% D1% 81 % D0% BA% D0% B2% D0% BE% D1% 80% D0% B5% D1% 86% D0% BA% D0% B0% D1% 8F) .jpg http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki /% D0% 9C% D0% BE% D1% 81% D0% BA% D0% BE% D0% B2% D1% 81% D0% BA% D0% B8% D0% B9_% D0% 9A% D1% 80% D0% B5% D0% BC% D0% BB% D1% 8C http://mos-holidays.ru/kremlin-oruzhejnaya-palata/ http://mos-holidays.ru/kremlin-territory/ http: // mos -holidays.ru/uglich/

Slide 2

Moscow Kreml - the oldest part of Moscow, the main socio-political, spiritually

Religious, historical and artistic complex of the capital, the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation. Located on the high, left bank of the Moskva River - Borovitsky Hill, at the confluence of the river. Neglinnaya. In plan, the Kremlin is an irregular triangle with an area of \u200b\u200b27.5 hectares. The southern wall faces the Moskva River, the north-western wall faces the Alexander Garden, the eastern one faces Red Square. Geographically located in the Central Administrative District, separated as an independent administrative unit.

The Moscow Kremlin has 20 towers and they are all different, no two are alike. Each tower has its own name and its own history

Slide 3

Only two towers did not get names, they are called the First Nameless and the Second

Nameless. They are followed by the Petrovskaya Tower, but at the extreme right tower there are two names at once. Nowadays, it is called Moskvoretskaya, and once it was called Beklemishevskaya by the name of the person next to whose yard it was laid. Somehow it turned out that the enemies most often attacked from the side of the Moskva River, and the Moskvoretskaya Tower had to be the first to defend itself. That is why it is so formidable and with so many loopholes. Its height is 46.2 m.

Beklemishevskaya tower

Slide 4

The first tower, which was laid during the construction of the Kremlin, was Taynitskaya. Taynitskaya

the tower is so named because a secret underground passage led from it to the river. It was intended so that it was possible to take water if the fortress was besieged by enemies. The height of the Taynitskaya Tower is 38.4 m.

Taynitskaya tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 5

Vodovzvodnaya tower - so named because of the car that was here once. She raised

water from a well arranged at the very top of the tower into a large tank. From there, water flowed through lead pipes to the royal palace in the Kremlin. Thus, in the old days, the Kremlin had its own water supply system. It worked for a long time, but then the car was dismantled and taken to another city - St. Petersburg. There it was used to build fountains. The height of the Vodovzvodnaya tower with a star is 61.45 m.

Vodovzvodnaya tower of the Moscow Kremlin.

Slide 6

At the Vodovzvodnaya Tower, the Kremlin wall turns from the river. There is another one on the corner

tower - Borovitskaya. This tower stands at Borovitsky Hill, on which a pine forest grew long ago. From him came her name. The height of the tower with a star is 54.05 m.

Borovitskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 7

Next to Borovitskaya is the Armory Tower. Once upon a time there were ancient

weapons workshops. They also made precious utensils and jewelry. The ancient workshops gave the name not only to the tower, but also to the remarkable museum located next to the Kremlin wall - the Armory. Here are collected many Kremlin treasures and just very ancient things. For example, helmets and chain mail of ancient Russian warriors. The height of the Armory Tower is 32.65 m.

The Armory Tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 8

the Neglinnaya River many centuries ago, even before it was hidden under the ground. Troitsky Bridge leads to the gates of one of the highest Kremlin towers - Troitskaya. The bridge connects the Troitskaya tower with another - a low and wide tower. This is Kutafya Tower. In the old days, this was the name for an awkwardly dressed woman. The tower was decorated already in the seventeenth century. Before that, Kutafya was very austere, with drawbridges at the side gates and hinged loopholes. She guarded the entrance to Troitsky Bridge. Previously, there were more such bridge towers. But only one has survived to this day. The height of the Trinity Tower with a star is 80 m. This is the tallest tower in the Moscow Kremlin. The Kutafya Tower is only 13.5 m high. It is the lowest tower in the Kremlin.

Kutafya and Trinity Towers of the Moscow Kremlin

From a distance, it looks round, but if you get closer, it turns out to be not at all like that, because it has 16 faces. This is the corner Arsenal tower. Once she was called Sobakina, by the name of a person who lived nearby. But in the 18th century, the Arsenal building was erected next to it, and the tower was renamed. There is a well in the dungeon of the corner Arsenal Tower. It is over 500 years old. It is filled from an ancient source and therefore there is always clean and fresh water in it. Earlier, there was an underground passage from the Arsenal Tower to the Neglinnaya River. The height of the tower is 60.2 m.

Corner Arsenal Tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 10

Average Arsenalnaya Tower. It was built in 1493-1495. After the construction of the Arsenal building

the tower got its name. A grotto was erected near the tower in 1812 - one of the attractions of the Alexander Garden. The height of the tower is 38.9 m.

The middle Arsenalnaya tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 11

Alarm tower. Once upon a time, sentinels were constantly on duty here. From a height they watched vigilantly -

whether the enemy's army is marching towards the city. And if danger was approaching, the sentinels had to warn everyone, ring the alarm bell. Because of him, the tower was named Nabatnaya. But now there is no bell in the tower. Once at the end of the 18th century, a riot broke out in Moscow at the sound of the Alarm bell. And when order was restored in the city, the bell was punished for disclosing an unkind message - they deprived of the language. In those days it was a common practice to recall at least the history of the bell in Uglich. Since then, the Alarm bell fell silent and remained idle for a long time until it was removed to the museum. The height of the Nabatnaya Tower is 38 m.

Alarm tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 12

To the right of the Nabatnaya Tower is the Tsar's Tower. She is not at all like the others

Kremlin towers. There are 4 columns directly on the wall, and on them a peaked roof. There are no powerful walls or narrow loopholes. But she doesn't need them. Because the tower was not built for defense. According to legend, Tsar Ivan the Terrible loved to look at his city from this place. Later, the smallest tower of the Kremlin was built here and was named Tsarskaya. Its height is 16.7 m.

Tsar Tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 13

Konstantino - Eleninskaya Tower (Timofeevskaya). It was built in 1490 and used for

the passage of the population and troops to the Kremlin. Earlier, when the Kremlin was white-stone, another tower stood on this place. It was through her that Dmitry Donskoy went with an army to the Kulikovo field. The new tower was built for the reason that there were no natural barriers from its side, not the Kremlin. It was equipped with a drawbridge, a powerful diverter arrow and a passage gate, which after, in the 18th and early 19th centuries. have been disassembled. The tower got its name from the church of Constantine and Helena, which stood in the Kremlin. Tower height 36.8 m.

Konstantino - Eleninskaya tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 14

The Senate Tower at first did not have a name, and received it only after the construction of the building

Senate. After which they began to call her the Senate. The tower was built in 1491, its height is 34.3 m.

Senate Tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 15

Nikolskaya tower. It was built in 1491. architect Pietro Antonio Solari to strengthen

the north-eastern part of the Kremlin, not protected by natural barriers. There was a gate in it, it had a diverter arrow with a drawbridge. The diversion arrow or barbican was the name of the tower outside the fortress walls, which guarded the approaches to the gate or bridge. For example, the Kutafya Tower is a barbican. The name of the Nikolskaya Tower comes from the name of the icon of St. Nicholas, installed above the gates of her barbican. At this icon, controversial issues were resolved. In ancient times, a clock was also installed on the tower. Now they are not there, but the top of the tower is crowned with a red star. The height of the tower with a star is 70.4 m.

Nikolskaya tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 16

The Petrovskaya tower, together with two nameless ones, was built to strengthen the southern wall, as

most frequently attacked. As well as two nameless Petrovskaya tower at first had no name. She received her name from the church of Metropolitan Peter at the Ugreshsky courtyard in the Kremlin. In 1771. during the construction of the Kremlin palace, the tower, the church of Metropolitan Peter and the Ugreshskoye courtyard were dismantled. In 1783. the tower was rebuilt, but in 1812. the French destroyed it again during the occupation of Moscow. In 1818. The Petrovskaya Tower was restored again. It was used for their own needs by the Kremlin gardeners. The height of the tower is 27.15 m.

Petrovskaya tower of the Moscow Kremlin

Slide 17

Slide 18

Annunciation tower. According to legend, this tower used to keep a miraculous icon.

"Annunciation", as well as 1731. the Church of the Annunciation was added to this tower. Most likely, the name of the tower is associated with one of these facts. In the 17th century. for the passage of laundresses to the Moscow River near the tower, a gate was made, called the Portomoyny. In 1831. they were laid, and in Soviet times the Church of the Annunciation was dismantled. The height of the Annunciation tower with a weather vane is 32.45 m.

Annunciation tower of the Moscow Kremlin