Presentation on Lake Ladoga mineral resources. Lake Ladoga - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Ladoga lake
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1. Why did I choose this topic?
2. Features of Lake Ladoga.
3. Rivers.
4. Islands.
5. Animal world.
6. Curious situations associated with Lake Ladoga.
7. Conclusion.
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Why did I choose this topic?
I am interested in this topic, due to the fact that Lake Ladoga is located in the Leningrad region and is the largest lake in Europe. This lake has an interesting history associated with the Patriotic War, and it is also very beautiful. The lake is rich in its flora and fauna.
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Features of Lake Ladoga.
Lake Ladoga is the largest in Europe. From it flows the Neva River, which flows into the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. The basin of the lake is of glacial origin. About 12 thousand years ago, she finally freed herself from ice. And now, seals continue to live in the lake, which liked its natural conditions. The area of \u200b\u200bLadoga with islands over 18 thousand square meters. km. The endless expanses of the lake resemble the sea. In its open part, no shores are visible, and strong winds often turn it into a raging element, more insidious than some of the seas. The greatest length of Lake Ladoga is 219 km, and the average width is about 83 km. The average depth is 50 m.
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The lake is characterized by low mineralization and the water of Ladoga is quite transparent. In winter, during warm years, the lake does not freeze completely, and the open central part of the lake remains free of ice. The thickness of ice on the lake, depending on the severity of winter, ranges from 50 to 110 cm. The greatest thickness of ice reaches in late March - early April. The lake begins to open up in April at the southern coast and in the skerries of the northern part. If strong northerly winds blow, then the mass of ice is driven into the Shlisselburg Bay, and from there into the Neva River. Then the second - Ladoga - ice drift passes along it. Ladoga is notable for its stormy disposition, but it is not always completely covered by a stormy wind. Often, increased wind in one part of the lake is combined with almost calm weather in another. Calms are observed here most often in June, but for a very short time. In July and August, there are mirages in calm weather. Peering into the distance, you suddenly find islands where they have never been. Sometimes, instead of an island, the outlines of a ship are outlined on the horizon, or a real island rises before our eyes and hovers above the water.
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Shipping on Ladoga has been known since ancient times. In the 9th-12th centuries, a water trade route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” ran through it, connecting Northern Russia with South, Scandinavia and the Baltic states with Byzantium. Ladoga acquired the most intensive transport significance in the times of Peter the Great. Shipyards and canals were built on the shores of the lake. At the beginning of the 18th century, Lake Ladoga was connected with the Upper Volga by a system of canals. But frequent disturbances have long been a huge obstacle to shipping. At the mouth of the Volkhov, up to 500 ships sometimes gathered in anticipation of favorable weather. This was the reason for the construction of bypass canals along the southern bank of Ladoga. During the Great Patriotic War, transportation along Ladoga was the only link between besieged Leningrad and the country. During navigation, the shipments were carried out by the Ladoga flotilla, and in winter a road was laid across the ice of the lake, which was named "The Road of Life". In total, during the blockade, about 1 million people were evacuated to the rear through Lake Ladoga and 1.7 million tons of cargo were transported.
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There are about 660 islands on Lake Ladoga with a total area of \u200b\u200b435 km², most of them are concentrated in the northern part of the lake, in the so-called skerry region, as well as in the Valaam (about 50 islands), Western archipelagos and the Mantsinsari group of islands (about 40 islands) ... The largest islands are Riekkalansari, Mantsinsari, Kilpola, Tulolansari, Valaam, Konevets.
Rocky coast of an island in Lake Ladoga.
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Lighthouse on Sukho Island in Lake Ladoga.
Putsaari is an almost uninhabited island of Lake Ladoga.
Island in Lake Ladoga.
The most famous on Lake Ladoga are the Valaam Islands - an archipelago of about 50 islands with an area of \u200b\u200babout 36 km², thanks to their location on the main island of the Valaam Monastery archipelago. Also known is the island of Konevets, on which the monastery is also located.
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Mouth of the Olonka River - Lake Ladoga.
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The lake is fed across the Svir River from Lake Onega, and across the Volkhov River - from Lake Ilmen. The rivers Vuoksa, Syas, Naziya and others also flow into it. The Neva is the only river flowing out of Lake Ladoga.
The northern part of the region is occupied by the Svirskaya depression - a narrow strip between Ladoga and Onega lakes, which is a terraced plain of lacustrine-glacial origin, consisting of a number of steps descending to Lake Ladoga. In the middle of the Svir depression, the Svir River flows to the west. Almost the entire population in the eastern part of the Svir depression is concentrated directly in the valley of the Svir River. A significant area is occupied by the Neva lowland, which encompasses the valley of the Neva and its tributaries, the Tosna and Izhora. Basically, it is treeless, only in the east some woodlands have been preserved. The flat relief and the proximity to the surface of the water-resistant rocks have led to a large swampiness.
The area to the south to Lake Ilmen is occupied by the swampy wooded Volkhov lowland, which is crossed by the Volkhov River from the north.
On the shore of Lake Ladoga beyond the Morye River.
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In recent years, on the shores of Lake Ladoga, cubs of the Ladoga ringed seal are often found. The species is listed in the Red Book.
At the bottom of Lake Ladoga, 385 species of invertebrates live, therefore, this fauna is quite diverse. Most species are in the littoral zone (about 290).
Much less - in the deep-water part (about 80).
Insect larvae predominate in the benthofauna (52% of all species of benthofauna), in second place are worms (17%), in third place are hydracarines, or water mites (14%), in fourth place - mollusks (9.3%), in fifth place belongs to crustaceans (4.5%); other groups of animals - 4.3%.
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About 60 species of fish live in Lake Ladoga, 30 of them are of commercial importance. Ladoga is mainly a salmon reservoir. Almost all valuable commercial fish belong to salmon: salmon, trout, char, vendace. Other valuable fish include whitefish, grayling and smelt. About one third of the species inhabiting the lake are carp species - roach, ide, bream, damp. Most of the species live in the lake all the time, and only a few of them, for example, Baltic sturgeon, Baltic salmon, Neva lamprey, conger eel, sometimes enter Ladoga from the Baltic and the Gulf of Finland. In the past, a sterlet was found in Lake Ladoga, now it is gone. In recent years, new fish have appeared in the lake - carp and peled. The carp entered from Lake Ilmen, where it was released in 1952-1953, and the peled came from the lakes of the Karelian Isthmus, where it has been bred since 1958.
The local lake salmon is an extremely valuable fish. Its weight reaches 10 kg. The best salmon fishing grounds are in the northern part of the lake. However, fishing has been prohibited since 1960, as the salmon stock is recovering very slowly. The reason for the slow renewal is a sharp deterioration in spawning conditions; rivers are littered with timber rafting, Vuoksa is polluted, poachers inflict great damage on Burnaya, Svir is blocked by dams of hydroelectric power stations.
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Pike perch is one of the main fishing objects on Ladoga. He lives in the lake everywhere, but especially willingly in the southern shallow part. Here, in the south, and its largest commercial concentrations. Individual specimens of pike perch weigh 8 kg.
Bream, despite its good food and taste qualities, is not of great importance in Ladoga fishing. Lives mainly in the southern region of the lake and in its southern bays.
In the northern deep-water part of Ladoga, there is a palia. Due to the insignificant catches, the fishery for char is almost stopped.
Whitefish in Lake Ladoga are represented by 7 different forms. Four of them are lake (ludoga, lake Ladoga, Valaam and black) and three -
lake-river (volkhovsky,
svirsky and vuoksinsky).
Veggie and ripus
differ from each other
dimensions. Small form
called vendace and
everywhere in the lake.
The large form is called
ripus, and she is the main
way in the southern part of the lake,
here and spawns in the fall.
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Fishing is not
limited to mining only the most
the best fish species, since the mass
fishing less valuable may not give
less economic effect,
than mining a small amount of more
valuable. And first place in catches on
Lake Ladoga is occupied by a modest
smelt (Arkhiptseva, 1968).
Distributed throughout the lake,
but in the southern part it lives more
a large form, and in the northern one - a smaller one, similar to smelt.
Pike, which prefers thickets of aquatic vegetation in shallow places for its life, is caught in small quantities.
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Curious situations associated with Lake Ladoga
1. Rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations removed 21 fishermen from the detached ice floe on Lake Ladoga
post time: January 20, 2003 5:44 PM Last updated: January 20, 2003 8:44 PM
2. Graduation ceremony at the Leningrad Zoo. Seal Ira will get freedom today. She is the last of 11 seals rescued this spring to remain in the cage. Recall that for the first time this year, employees of the Leningrad Zoo and foreign volunteers have come to grips with the fate of pinnipeds. Due to global warming, the ice in the bay melts earlier and the seals do not have time to feed their cubs. Babies die in hundreds. Now the seals found are brought to the zoo, treated and released. True, each time parting becomes a small tragedy, if not for the animal, then for those who looked after him. Seal Ira was found on April 9, she was dying of hunger. For 3 months, the baby has grown about four times. And instead of fish porridge, he eats herring with pleasure. True, on the day of departure she was so worried that she refused food, gnawing only the microphone of Petersburg Vesti. Ira will be released today into the native waves of Ladoga on one of the islands of the Valaam archipelago.
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Having such a unique miracle of nature as Lake Ladoga, it is necessary for the attitude towards it to change for the better: it treats the flora and fauna of the lake more carefully, preserves rare and valuable fish species, fight poaching, and help preserve the Ladoga seal. It is necessary to strictly monitor the pollution of the waters of the lake and rivers, industrial enterprises and individual citizens.
Ladoga lake
Completed by: Nesterova Irina 21shk
Lake Ladoga is a unique natural system in the North-West of Russia.
Initially, the lake was called Nebo. But since this name characterized the main water artery of St. Petersburg, it was decided to rename it to Ladoga.
Features of Lake Ladoga
Ladoga lake - the largest in Europe. From it flows the Neva River, which flows into the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. The basin of the lake is of glacial origin. About 12 thousand years ago, she finally freed herself from ice. And now, seals continue to live in the lake, which liked its natural conditions.
Features of Lake Ladoga
The area is more than 18 thousand sq. km. The endless expanses of the lake resemble the sea. In its open part, no shores are visible, and strong winds often turn it into a raging element, more insidious than some of the seas.
The greatest length of Lake Ladoga is 219 km, and the average width is about 83 km. The average depth is 50 m.
Climate
The climate above Lake Ladoga is temperate, transitional from temperate continental to temperate marine
There are on average 62 sunny days per year. Therefore, for most of the year, days with cloudy, cloudy weather, diffused lighting prevail.
Lake Ladoga storehouse energy of the sun
It is no exaggeration to name. Solar energy, penetrating into the water column, sets in motion the water masses of the lake. Even in short periods of calm, when the surface of Ladoga is mirror-immobile, at depth there is a movement of water masses both horizontally and vertically.
This phenomenon contributes to the redistribution of heat in Ladoga, the gradual enrichment of it in ever deeper layers. The accumulation of solar heat and its distribution in the water during the day, season, year determines the temperature regime of the lake.
Length of the day
Changes from 5 hours 51 minutes at the winter solstice to 18 hours 50 minutes at the summer solstice. The so-called "white nights" are observed over the lake, which come on May 25-26, when the sun drops below the horizon by no more than 9 °, and the evening twilight practically merges with the morning twilight. White nights end on July 16-17.
Rivers
35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga. The largest river that flows into it is the Svir River, which carries water from Lake Onega into it. Water also enters the lake through the Vuoksa River from Lake Saimaa, and through the Volkhov River - from Lake Ilmen. The rivers Morye, Avloga, Burnaya also flow into it.
Islands of Lake Ladoga
There are about 660 islands on Lake Ladoga with a total area of \u200b\u200b435 km², most of them are concentrated in the northern part of the lake, in the so-called skerry area, as well as in the Valaam (about 50 islands), Western archipelagos and the Mantsinsari group of islands (about 40 islands). The largest islands are Riekkalansari, Mantsinsari, Kilpola, Tulolansari, Valaam, Konevets.
Putsaari is an almost uninhabited island of Lake Ladoga.
Lighthouse on Sukho Island in Lake Ladoga.
The most famous on Lake Ladoga are the Valaam Islands - an archipelago of about 50 islands with an area of \u200b\u200babout 36 km², thanks to their location on the main island of the Valaam Monastery archipelago. Also known is the island of Konevets, on which the monastery is also located.
Island in Lake Ladoga.
Fauna of the shores and lake bottom of Lake Ladoga
In recent years, on the shores of Lake Ladoga, cubs of the Ladoga ringed seal are often found. The species is listed in the Red Book.
At the bottom of Lake Ladoga, 385 species of invertebrates live, therefore, this fauna is quite diverse. Most species are in the littoral zone (about 290).
Much less - in the deep-water part (about 80).
Insect larvae predominate in the benthofauna (52% of all species of benthofauna), in second place are worms (17%), in third place are hydracarines, or water mites (14%), in fourth place - mollusks (9.3%), in fifth place belongs to crustaceans (4.5%); other groups of animals - 4.3%.
Fish of Ladoga Lake
Lake Ladoga is inhabited by about 60 species of fish, of which 30 are of commercial importance. Most of the species live in the lake permanently, and only a few of them, for example, the Baltic sturgeon, Baltic salmon, Neva lamprey, sea eel, sometimes enter Ladoga from the Baltic and the Gulf of Finland. In recent years, new fish have appeared in the lake - carp and peled.
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Shipping on Ladoga has been known since ancient times. In the 9th-12th centuries, a water trade route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” ran through it, connecting Northern Russia with South, Scandinavia and the Baltic states with Byzantium. Ladoga acquired the most intensive transport significance in the times of Peter the Great. Shipyards and canals began to be built on the shores of the lake. At the beginning of the 18th century, Lake Ladoga was connected with the Upper Volga by a system of canals. But frequent disturbances have long been a huge obstacle to shipping. At the mouth of the Volkhov, up to 500 ships sometimes gathered in anticipation of favorable weather. This was the reason for the construction of bypass canals along the southern bank of Ladoga. During the Great Patriotic War, transportation along Ladoga was the only link between besieged Leningrad and the country. During navigation, the transportation was carried out by the Ladoga flotilla, and in winter, a road was laid on the ice of the lake, which was named "The Road of Life". In total, during the blockade, about 1 million people were evacuated to the rear through Lake Ladoga and 1.7 million tons of cargo were transported. Shipping on Ladoga has been known since ancient times. In the 9th-12th centuries, a water trade route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” ran through it, linking North Russia with South, Scandinavia and the Baltic states with Byzantium. Ladoga acquired the most intensive transport significance in the times of Peter the Great. Shipyards and canals began to be built on the shores of the lake. At the beginning of the 18th century, Lake Ladoga was connected with the Upper Volga by a system of canals. But frequent disturbances have long been a huge obstacle to shipping. At the mouth of the Volkhov, up to 500 ships sometimes gathered in anticipation of favorable weather. This was the reason for the construction of bypass canals along the southern bank of Ladoga. During the Great Patriotic War, transportation along Ladoga was the only link between besieged Leningrad and the country. During navigation, the transportation was carried out by the Ladoga flotilla, and in winter, a road was laid on the ice of the lake, which was named "The Road of Life". In total, during the blockade, about 1 million people were evacuated to the rear through Lake Ladoga and 1.7 million tons of cargo were transported.
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Lake Ladoga (also Ladoga; historical name - Nevo) is a lake in Karelia (northern and eastern coast) and the Leningrad region (western, southern and southeastern coast), the largest freshwater lake in Europe. Belongs to the Atlantic Ocean basin of the Baltic Sea. The area of \u200b\u200bthe lake without islands is from 17.6 thousand km² (with islands 18.1 thousand km²); the volume of water mass is 908 km³; length from south to north - 219 km, maximum width - 138 km
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The depth varies unevenly: in the northern part it ranges from 70 to 230 m, in the southern - from 20 to 70 m.On the shores of Lake Ladoga are the cities of Priozersk, Novaya Ladoga, Shlisselburg in the Leningrad region, Sortavala, Pitkyaranta, Lakhdenpokhya in Karelia. 35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and only one originates - the Neva.
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Climate
The climate over Lake Ladoga is temperate, transitional from temperate continental to temperate maritime. There are on average 62 sunny days per year. Therefore, for most of the year, days with cloudy, cloudy weather, diffused lighting prevail.
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The length of the day varies from 5 hours 51 minutes at the winter solstice to 18 hours 50 minutes at the summer solstice. The so-called "white nights" are observed over the lake, which come on May 25-26, when the sun drops below the horizon by no more than 9 °, and the evening twilight practically merges with the morning. White nights end on July 16-17.
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35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga. The largest river that flows into it is the Svir River, which carries water from Lake Onega into it. Water also enters the lake through the Vuoksa River from Lake Saimaa, and through the Volkhov River - from Lake Ilmen. The rivers Morye, Avloga, Burnaya also flow into it.
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Svir river
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There are about 660 islands on Lake Ladoga
The most famous on Lake Ladoga are the Valaam Islands - an archipelago of about 50 islands with an area of \u200b\u200babout 36 km², thanks to their location on the main island of the Valaam Monastery archipelago. Also known is the island of Konevets, on which the monastery is also located.
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Valaam Islands Valaam Monastery.
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Flora and fauna
The northern and eastern coasts of Lake Ladoga belong to the middle taiga subzone, and the southern and western ones - to the southern taiga subzone. The middle taiga is characterized by blueberry spruce forests without undergrowth, with a closed stand and a continuous cover of shiny green mosses. The subzone of the southern taiga is dominated by dark conifers with undergrowth, where linden, maple, and elm sometimes occur, a grass layer appears with the participation of oak grass, and the moss cover is less developed than in the middle taiga. The most characteristic type of forest is oxalis spruce forests.
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The lake is rich in freshwater fish, which go to the rivers for spawning. In Ladoga Lake, 53 species and varieties of fish live: Ladoga slingshot, salmon, trout, char, whitefish, vendace, smelt, bream, damp, blue bream, silver bream, rudd, asp, catfish, pike perch, roach, perch, pike, burbot and others ...
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In the Ladoga area, 256 species of birds belonging to 17 orders are regularly found. On the transit flight in spring and autumn, more than 50 bird species were recorded here. The migration links of the Ladoga area cover the space from Iceland to India and from southern Africa to Novaya Zemlya. The most attractive territories for birds are the southern Ladoga area.
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Here, on the fly, there are swans, geese, ducks, sandpipers, gulls, terns, cranes and shepherds, as well as nesting sites of river ducks, crested ducks, red-headed duck, gulls, terns, large and medium curlews, great fowls, herbalists, golden plovers and others sandpipers, gray crane, white-tailed eagle, osprey, red fawn, eagle owl, gray owl, short-eared owl and a number of other birds
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The lake is navigable, it is part of the waterway, which is part of the Volga-Baltic waterway and the White Sea-Baltic canal. The most intensive movement of ships is carried out in the south of the lake from the river. Lake Ladoga, despite the cold water even in summer, attracts many tourists: the lake has good beaches from the Neva to the Svir River.
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