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Znamensky Cathedral. Znamensky Cathedral in Kursk

Namensky Cathedral– main, one of the oldest and most beautiful Orthodox churches Tyumen, which evokes involuntary admiration for its architecture in everyone who sees it for the first time. Here is the chair of His Eminence Demetrius, the ruling Metropolitan of the Tobolsk Metropolis, who is the rector of the cathedral. From the early 2000s to 2008, the Znamensky Cathedral was the center of the church district - the Tyumen deanery, which included the cities of Tyumen, Tyumen, Isetsky, Nizhne-Tavdinsky, Yalutorovsky, Zavodoukovsky, Omutinsky, Yurginsky districts, the cities of Yalutorovsk and Zavodoukovsk .

The ancient and glorious history of the cathedral

Located on Semakova Street, 13 (until 1922 - Podaruevskaya Street), the cathedral is a striking example of multi-time construction, executed consistently and to the end in the original style. Looking at this structure now, it is hard to believe that it took almost 150 years to build.

The exact date of the founding of the church in honor of the Icon of the Mother of God “The Sign,” unfortunately, remains unknown; it ranges between 1624 and 1659. The first wooden church burned down in a fire in 1697, then was restored and again destroyed by fire in 1766. In 1768, on the site of a burnt wooden building, a foundation was laid stone church. The main stages of construction were completed in 1786.

The first stone church consisted of a porch with round columns, a vestibule with a bell tower above it, a refectory and the main temple. In the refectory on the right side there was a warm chapel in the name of John Chrysostom, in which Divine services were performed in winter, and the main one - Znamensky - was designed only for the summer period. The roof of the church, the dome, the domes and the fence were wooden. The quadrangular bell tower consisted of two tiers. Under the first tier on the front side, above the roof of the porch, there was a recess in the form round window, inside of which a glass frame with an icon of the Last Judgment was inserted. The icon was here until 1837. Then it was placed on the wall in the porch, and the previous place was decorated with the “Sign” icon. Two local masters of painting took part in painting icons for the Church of the Sign: Tyumen tradesman E.K. Solomatov and Tobolsk painter, coachman F.I. Cherepanov.

In December 1850, a plan for the reconstruction of the Znamenskaya Church was approved, which provided for its expansion and conversion from cold to warm. According to this plan, the church was supposed to have two aisles. The reconstruction was carried out at the expense of the Tyumen merchant-philanthropist I.V. Ikonnikova. During the reconstruction of the building in 1851-1862. the northern aisle was dismantled, the southern aisle was built in the name of St. John Chrysostom (burned down at the end of the 19th century).

Simultaneously with the reconstruction of the Church of the Sign, a garden was planted in the church fence. In 1880, the wooden floor in the church was replaced with cast iron.

In 1901, at the expense of the Ekaterinburg merchant and philanthropist M.I. Ivanov, two chapels were added to the Znamenskaya Church - in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Quick to Hear” and in the name of St. John Chrysostom. With donations from merchant M.I. Ivanov in 1904, a northern aisle was added to the church - Nikolsky. In the same year, the construction of the dome over the refectory was completed and the bell tower was increased by one tier.

Now the Znamensky Cathedral is a complex, but integral structure, a very interesting and rare example of Russian Baroque in Siberia.

However, the pages of the history of the Church are not only about the beauty and purity of architectural culture, but, above all, about the establishment and preservation of the Orthodox faith, without which the entire centuries-old life of Siberia is unthinkable.

The Znamenskaya Church was one of the first after the Holy Toitsk monastery school and was located at the origins of spiritual education in Tyumen and in nearby rural parishes. From the second half of the 19th century, parochial schools were opened at almost every church parish, but even in the first half of the 19th century, the city already had one district and two parish schools: Znamensky, formed on May 21, 1820, and Zarechnoye, Voznesenskoye, formed on August 24 1852. By 1917, in the Znamensky parish there already existed a women’s gymnasium, a higher primary school and parochial school. By 1920, there were up to 20 boys and 30 girls studying.

In 1913, a celebration took place in the temple on the occasion of the renaming of the Znamenskaya Church from a parish to a cathedral. In 1929, the Znamensky Cathedral was closed. From 1930 to 1944 The cathedral building was used as a transit prison, and then as an MTS.

This is an interesting fact from the Soviet history of the Znamensky Cathedral. In June 1965, a team of 9 workers from a mechanical plant built a metal fence around the cathedral in a few days. All work was carried out according to the written instructions of the Secretary of the City Executive Committee N.K. Sirotkin and director of the mechanical plant S.V. Emelyanov, who accepted the Church’s order for execution. As a result, both received a reprimand from the bureau of the city committee of the CPSU and included it in their registration cards.

As of 1980, only two Orthodox churches functioned in Tyumen: Znamensky and All Saints.

The main shrine of the cathedral is the icon of the Mother of God “The Sign”. Numerous copies of the “Sign” icon are known throughout Russia. Many of them shone with miracles in local churches and were named after the place where miracles occurred. Such lists include the Dionysian-Glushitskaya, Abalakskaya, Kursk, Seraphim-Ponetaevskaya and other icons. Since 1852, the Tyumen image of the Mother of God “The Sign” began to be revered as miraculous and was moved behind the right choir, to a new carved icon case. The first miracle was associated with the cholera epidemic in 1848. It was during this oppressive time, as indicated in the chronicle of the Znamenskaya Church, that parishioner S.E. Zubarev dreamed of the “Sign” icon of the Mother of God.

In a dream, it was revealed to him that if this icon was removed from the bell tower and carried around the city, the illness would stop. Zubarev reported this dream to the parishioners. On Sunday, August 8, having removed the icon from the bell tower, they performed a prayer service in front of it, bringing it into their homes. From August 7 to 17, all the residents of Tyumen came running to the Mother of God with prayer, and the icon was surrounded around the city. Mortality from cholera began to decline, and then the disease itself stopped. This is a manifestation of God’s mercy through the icon “The Sign” Holy Mother of God aroused special reverence in the souls of believers, and from that time on she remained forever in the church premises.

In April 1992, the rector of the cathedral, Archpriest Valery Gordeev, brought 4 bells that had previously been located on the Far Eastern lighthouses of the Primorsky region “Milyutin”, “Askold”, “Sandy” and “Datta”. The bells were transferred to the Church through the petition of His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy II and the decision of the Commander-in-Chief navy Admiral V. Chernyavin. Bells for lighthouses were cast even before the revolution in Tyumen by the company “Trading House Gilev P.I. Sons." Two bells were installed in the Znamensky Cathedral, and the other two were installed in the bell tower in Tobolsk.

In 1994, the tradition of religious processions was resumed in Tyumen. The first religious procession took place from the Znamensky Cathedral to the Trinity Monastery to celebrate the Holy Trinity.

In 2002, using funds from benefactors and donations from parishioners, 12 new bells were installed at the cathedral belfry.

In 2003, thanks to donations from parishioners, the cathedral's domes and crosses were replaced. Restoration of the cathedral continues to this day.

The first spiritual educational institution in Tyumen of modern times, the Sunday School, operates at the Znamensky Cathedral. Opened in 1991 with 20 students at the time, today it is the largest Sunday school in the south of the Tyumen region, where about 200 children aged 4 to 16 years are introduced to the basics of Orthodox culture. They study the Law of God, the Church Slavonic language, church singing, and the lives of saints.

The school constantly operates two art studios, two choirs, handicraft, modeling, and photography clubs. Children take an active part in the preparation and conduct of all church holidays and city events.

In the north of our country there is one of the oldest and very beautiful cathedrals. Today we will talk about the Znamensky Cathedral in Tyumen. It attracts attention not only with its long history and unusual architecture, but also with unique miraculous images that are carefully kept within its walls.

History of the main temple in Tyumen

The current stone Znamensky Cathedral is the third on this site. He had two predecessors made of wood. In the hot summer of 1766, a fire destroyed almost the entire city. The Znamensky Church did not escape a sad fate. On the ashes in 1768, a new stone Church of the Sign was founded, which was built in accordance with the new concept of city development.

Initially, it was planned to build a cold temple, but for winter services it was decided to build a warm throne, consecrated in honor of John Chrysostom. In 1769, the blessing of the Bishop of Siberia and Tobolsk Varlaam (Petrov) was received for this construction.

John's chapel was consecrated in 1775, but construction work in the temple was delayed. The construction of the cathedral was carried out with parish funds - a very substantial sum for those times was spent on it - 10 thousand rubles. There was always a shortage of funds, and construction work, as well as the work of graphic designers, was periodically frozen.

Reconstructions

The history of the Znamensky Cathedral in Tyumen includes several major transformations. The first renovation of the cathedral took place in 1820. A year later, the wooden fence was replaced with a stone one with two gates and metal bars. In 1839, a new stone foundation was poured under the building, since by that time the old one had subsided.

The next renovation was carried out in 1850, using funds collected by the entire parish. In 1901, the Yekaterinburg merchant Ivanov built the Zlatoust chapel (summer chapel), which burned down shortly before. The height of the dome was increased. And in 1913, the temple received a new status - it was transferred from a parish to the cathedral category.

An interesting feature of the additional extensions and structures is the preservation of a single style - Russian Baroque. Thus, the entire cathedral complex is a single and complete composition, which is characterized by expressive decorative decorations and grandeur of forms.

Domes reaching into the sky create a feeling of lightness. Unfortunately, history has not preserved the names of the authors of the Znamensky Cathedral in Tyumen. But the names of the icon painters who worked in the temple are known - F. I. Cherepanov, Tobolsk coachman (since 1799), E. K. Solomatov, Tyumen tradesman (1789).

It can be assumed that with the advent of Soviet power, like most Orthodox churches, Znamensky in Tyumen had to cease its activities. But, despite the persecution, services were held in the temple until 1929. It was this year that the cathedral was closed, and its building was transferred to a sports club. Later it was used as a prison and as a machine and tractor station.

It is interesting that in 1933 the believers of the city and region managed to achieve the resumption of church services. And despite the fact that during the Second World War the church was closed again, after the end of hostilities the temple was returned to the fold Orthodox Church finally. This saved the ancient building from destruction.

In 2003, crosses and domes were replaced with donations from parishioners. Today the Znamensky Cathedral in Tyumen, a photo of which we posted in this material, is major center spiritual life of the city and the Tyumen region. The cathedral complex hosts craft clubs and a Sunday school.

Architecture

The main one looks very solemn and festive. Here the peculiarities of the composition, magnificent decor, white and blue shades of the facades that imitate modeling even in cloudy weather, and a variety of shapes that miraculously create a beautiful structure play a role here.

The most striking thing is that the temple, created at the end of the 18th century, consecrated in the first half XIX century and rebuilt at the beginning of the 20th century, retained the unity of the style. The Baroque predilections of the builders of the Znamensky Temple are quite understandable and justified: classicism, which had already played a leading role in the capitals, had not yet reached the provinces by that time, and Baroque in its Siberian version provided architects with freedom in creativity. One can only be surprised at what a subtle stylist the unknown author of the temple reconstruction project was, who felt the peculiarities of its organization and was able, by expanding the church, not to spoil anything previously created, and brought all the innovations into full compliance with what had already been built.

Interior decoration

The main entrance to Znamensky Tyumen is located on the western side, under the bell tower. Passing through the porch and under the choir, you can enter the refectory. The choir is the only place where today decorative elements dating back to the old pre-revolutionary era have been preserved: lathing of wooden railings with a geometric pattern, carved wooden consoles.

The four-pillar refectory is the most spacious part of the cathedral. At the beginning of the last century, a light octagonal drum equipped with a small dome was built above it. Through arched openings, the refectory passes into the chapels: the southern one - St. John Chrysostom and the northern one - St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. The same arched openings connect the vestibules with the refectory, as well as with the quadrangle.

This roundness of shapes and the combination of individual rooms with the help of wide passages impart softness to the interior. The temple is distinguished by its rich interior decoration: paintings, architectural decorative elements, ornaments of a plot nature - all of them date back to the end of the 20th century, although experts do not rule out that they were done on top of the remains of ancient paintings that were done during the reconstruction of the cathedral at the very beginning of the 20th century.

The main quadrangle, compared to the refectory, is not very spacious. Two rows of large windows illuminate it beautifully, and its impressive height gives it a skyward appearance.

Iconostasis

Unfortunately, the ancient iconostasis, for which F. Cherepanov (a Tobolsk coachman) once painted icons, has been lost, as well as other decorations of the 19th century church. The modern three-tier iconostasis was made in the late forties of the last century, when services were resumed in the cathedral.

It was made by the famous Tyumen master I. S. Shavrin. Even before the revolution, he worked in the icon-painting workshop of M. S. Karavaev in Tyumen. The Znamensky iconostasis by Shavrin looks very dignified and solemn.

Temple shrine

The main shrine of the Tyumen Cathedral is the icon of the Mother of God “The Sign”. A terrible disaster came to the city in 1848: in the summer, an epidemic of cholera, an unprecedented scale, began in Tyumen - a disease that had not previously been known in these places. It would seem that the city is doomed and there is nowhere to wait for salvation. But it was brought by the image of the Mother of God, which was known to the townspeople since the beginning of the 17th century.

The “Sign” icon was a copy of the Novgorod miraculous image, which became famous during the siege of Novgorod by the Suzdalians in the winter of 1169-1170. In the troubled thirties of the last century, traces of the miraculous icon were lost. There are several guesses about her further fate. One of them is based on the memoirs of A. Sartakova, a participant in the restoration of the cathedral after the war (1945).

She claims that after the cathedral was handed over to the believers, the Znamenskaya Icon was discovered in the bell tower. She had her face turned to the wall. If this is true, then the icon was later restored, since already in 1903 it needed serious restoration. According to another version, the cathedral icon “The Sign” is new. It was written in the middle of the 20th century.

Znamensky Tyumen: schedule of services

In the main cathedral of Tyumen, liturgical services are conducted somewhat differently than in other churches:

08:30, 13:00 and 17:00 - divine services;
on Friday at 06:30, 09:00 and 17:00 liturgies are read;
at 08:30 and 17:00 - on Saturday;
at 06:30, 09:00 and 17:00 - on Sunday.

How to get there?

We told you about the history of the Znamensky Cathedral of Tyumen, whose address is: st. Semakova, 13. Today it is visited by numerous pilgrims from different regions of our country who want to pray at the miraculous images of the temple. Tyumen is a modern, dynamically developing city, so it will not be difficult to get to it from other Russian regions. Airplanes fly to this northern city; the main railway route to the east, the Trans-Siberian, passes through Tyumen. Motorists can get to the city via highways R-254 (from Kurgan), R-351 (from Yekaterinburg), R-402 (from Omsk).

Znamensky Tyumen is located in the city center, on the street. Semakova, 13. There are several stops nearby public transport. From railway station Buses No. 13, 20, 34 or minibus № 34.

The history of the cathedral began in the first half of the 17th century, when the first prayer building was erected here. However, in 1697, during a severe city fire, the building burned down, and in its place a second church was built, which suffered the same fate - in 1766 it burned down.

In September 1768, construction began on a third, but this time stone, church. The name was left the same - in honor of the icon of the Sign of the Mother of God. The consecration of the monastery took place 33 years later in September 1801. The temple consisted of a main building, a refectory, a porch with round columns and a vestibule with a bell tower. In the refectory on the right side there was a warm chapel, consecrated in 1775 in honor of John Chrysostom. Only winter services were held here. The main altar of the temple was for summer services. In May 1820, the Znamensky parish school began to operate at the church.

At the end of 1850, a plan for the reconstruction of the Znamensky Church was approved, which provided for its expansion and conversion from cold to warm. The reconstruction of the church was carried out with funds donated by the Tyumen merchant and philanthropist I.V. Ikonnikov. During the course of the war in 1851-1862. reconstruction of the church, the northern aisle was dismantled, the southern aisle was built in honor of St. John Chrysostom, but at the end of the 19th century. he burned. Simultaneously with the reconstruction of the temple building, a garden was planted in the church fence. In 1901, chapels were added to the church - in honor of St. John Chrysostom and in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Quick to Hear", and in 1904 - the northern chapel, Nikolsky. In 1913, a solemn event took place in the church - the Znamensky Church was renamed from a parish to a cathedral.

In the 1930s the temple housed a dormitory for cadets, and then a transit prison and a machine and tractor station. From 1933 to 1941 The cathedral was returned to the believers again. However, with the outbreak of war, it was retaken and used as a place to house military personnel. Four years after the victory, the cathedral was again returned to the believers.

In June 1994, a religious procession was held in the Znamensky Cathedral for the first time in many decades. Currently, the Znamensky Cathedral remains the main cathedral of Tyumen.

The Znamensky Cathedral is the main, one of the oldest and most beautiful Orthodox churches in Tyumen, causing involuntary admiration for its architecture in everyone who sees it for the first time. Here is the chair of His Eminence Demetrius, the ruling Metropolitan of the Tobolsk Metropolis, who is the rector of the cathedral.

Located on Semakova Street (until 1922 - Podaruevskaya Street), the cathedral is a striking example of a multi-time building, executed consistently and to the end in the original style. Looking at this structure now, it is hard to believe that it took almost 150 years to build.

The exact date of the founding of the church in honor of the Icon of the Mother of God “The Sign,” unfortunately, remains unknown; it ranges between 1624 and 1659. The first wooden church burned down in a fire in 1697, then was restored and again destroyed by fire in 1766. In 1768, a stone church was founded on the site of a burnt wooden one. The main stages of construction were completed in 1786.

In December 1850, a plan for the reconstruction of the Znamenskaya Church was approved, which provided for its expansion and conversion from cold to warm. According to this plan, the church was supposed to have two aisles. The reconstruction was carried out at the expense of the Tyumen merchant-philanthropist I.V. Ikonnikova. During the reconstruction of the building in 1851–1862. the northern aisle was dismantled, the southern aisle was built in the name of St. John Chrysostom (burned down at the end of the 19th century).

Simultaneously with the reconstruction of the Znamenskaya Church, a garden was planted in the church fence. In 1880, the wooden floor in the church was replaced with cast iron.

Now the Znamensky Cathedral is a complex, but integral structure, a very interesting and rare example of Russian Baroque in Siberia.

The main shrine of the cathedral is the icon of the Mother of God “The Sign”. Numerous copies of the “Sign” icon are known throughout Russia. Many of them shone with miracles in local churches and were named after the place where miracles occurred. The first miracle was associated with the cholera epidemic in 1848. It was during this oppressive time, as indicated in the chronicle of the Znamenskaya Church, that parishioner S.E. Zubarev dreamed of the “Sign” icon of the Mother of God.

In a dream, it was revealed to him that if this icon was removed from the bell tower and carried around the city, the illness would stop. Zubarev reported this dream to the parishioners. On Sunday, August 8, having removed the icon from the bell tower, they performed a prayer service in front of it, bringing it into their homes. From August 7 to 17, all the residents of Tyumen came running to the Mother of God with prayer, and the icon was surrounded around the city. Mortality from cholera began to decline, and then the disease itself stopped. This manifestation of God’s mercy through the “Sign” icon of the Most Holy Theotokos aroused special reverence in the souls of believers, and from that time on it remained forever in the church building.

In April 1992, the rector of the cathedral, Archpriest Valery Gordeev, brought 4 bells that had previously been located on the Far Eastern lighthouses of the Primorye region “Milyutin”, “Askold”, “Sandy” and “Datta”. The bells were transferred to the Church through the intercession of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus' and the decision of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral V. Chernyavin. Two bells were installed in the Znamensky Cathedral, and the other two were installed in the bell tower in Tobolsk.

In 1994, the tradition of religious processions was resumed in Tyumen. The first religious procession took place from the Znamensky Cathedral to the Trinity Monastery to celebrate the Holy Trinity. In 2002, using funds from benefactors and donations from parishioners, 12 new bells were installed at the cathedral belfry. In 2003, thanks to donations from parishioners, the cathedral's domes and crosses were replaced. Restoration of the cathedral continues to this day.

Phone: 46–85–76, tel./fax 46–60–16, 46–81–17