Ust Kamenogorsk. History of Ust-Kamenogorsk in dates

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Ust-Kamenogorsk located in the east, in a picturesque place where the Irtysh river connects with Ulba. This city is an important industrial, economic, sports and cultural center of the East Kazakhstan region, where many prominent poets and writers lived in different years. Today, it is well known for its excellent sports schools, which gave the country many honored masters of sports back in Soviet times, as well as for the abundance of monuments and architectural structures that form the cultural heritage of the entire region.

Peculiarities

Modern Ust-Kamenogorsk plays an important role in the development of non-ferrous metallurgy in Kazakhstan, having a number of plants and factories. A special place here is occupied by numerous sports schools. The famous local hockey club "Torpedo" in the Soviet years was considered the main forge of hockey personnel, regularly supplying new talents to the expanses of the ice rinks of the country of the Soviets. Now, when Soviet hockey has changed to Kazakh, and the club has changed its name to Kazzinc-Torpedo, which now plays in the VHL championship, the former greatness of winning traditions is remembered by the townspeople with a sense of deep nostalgia and unchanging hope for a brighter future. In addition to sports, much attention is paid in Ust-Kamenogorsk to the development of culture and education, which is noticeable by the presence of general educational and cultural institutions in the city, as well as by the abundance of monuments and museums. The ethnic composition of the capital of the East Kazakhstan region is formed mainly from Russians and Kazakhs. Other nationalities are represented in much smaller numbers.

general information

The area of ​​Ust-Kamenogorsk is 210 square meters. km, with a population of about 320 thousand people. Local time is ahead of Moscow by 3 hours. Daylight Savings Time is currently not available. Time zone UTC+6. Telephone code (+7) 7232. Official website www.oskemen.kz/kz.

A brief excursion into history

The city was founded in August 1720, when on the banks of the Irtysh and Ulba, the construction of the Ust-Kamennaya fortress began, so named because of the terrain. After its construction, barracks for soldiers, a military hospital, apartments for military leaders, various warehouses and prisons were located on the territory. Gradually, residential buildings began to be built around the fortress, where peasant families settled. In the second half of the 18th century, Siberian Cossacks and other settlers joined them. Ust-Kamenogorsk received city status in 1868. By the beginning of the 20th century, trade began to develop actively here, a narrow-gauge railway was laid and ore deposits were discovered. The end of the second decade was marked by the establishment of Soviet power and the subsequent construction of the Ust-Kamenogorsk hydroelectric power station. During the Great Patriotic War, the city turned into a major evacuation center for various factories, enterprises and institutions. The post-war period was characterized by the rapid growth of industry and the rise of economic resources. With the collapse of the USSR, like many other cities of the great Soviet power, Ust-Kamenogorsk was waiting for a period of decline, which was replaced by a new rise closer to the beginning of the current millennium.

Climate

A sharply continental climate prevails in this area. Winter in these places is extremely cold and the thermometer regularly drops below -15 degrees. In summer, the air temperature rises to +18 - +20 and above. Precipitation occurs throughout the year, but the total amount is not significant. It is best to come here in summer or early autumn, when it is sunny and warm.

How to get there

In addition to the international airport that receives flights from different countries, the regional capital has a railway and bus stations that provide suburban communication between cities and regions using railway trains and buses.

Transport

Trams are the most popular means of transportation within the city limits, although there are also buses, taxis and minibuses.

Attractions and entertainment

Among the main religious buildings of the city, which have been given a special role in Ust-Kamenogorsk for a long time, the Muhamadi Mosque with a blue domed building and two minarets 45 meters high, as well as the St. Zinoviev Church, consecrated in honor of Zinovy ​​Sogrinsky in autumn 2005, stand out. The Cathedral in the name of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called, which rises not far from the Holy Trinity Monastery, also attracts attention. Among the most interesting buildings are the Palace of Culture of Metallurgists, the Zhambyl Drama Theater, the House of Culture of Builders, the Novo-Pokrovsky Church on Akmolinskaya Street, the house of Mikhail Shilyaev of the early 20th century and the two-story store of the merchant Semyonov built in 1910.

Of the monuments and sculptural compositions, it is worth noting the magnificent sculpture of Vuchetich "Let's beat swords into plowshares", the memorial complex "Victory", dedicated to those who died during the Second World War, the monument to Abai, the original fountain "Zodiac", where local residents like to make appointments with each other , the illumination construction "Baiterek" near the Irtysh bridge, the monument to Kirov and the sculptural composition "To the Stars", flaunting in front of the family recreation center - "Mesto". Museum lovers should definitely visit the Regional Museum of History and Local Lore, the East Kazakhstan Regional Natural Landscape Museum-Reserve and the East Kazakhstan Museum of Art. The charming Zhastar Park is ideal for walking, with its numerous trees and flower beds.

Kitchen

In the culinary establishments of Ust-Kamenogorsk, visitors are offered a wide variety of dishes, from classic Kazakh delicacies to all kinds of hamburgers and fast foods.

shopping

For shoppers, the shops and shopping malls of the city offer goods from almost all directions, so it is not customary to leave the regional capital without gifts and souvenirs.

Ust-Kamenogorsk has a charm peculiar to the banks of the Irtysh and, as a rule, gives a lot of pleasant impressions to its guests. Staying in this picturesque city allows you to get to know the Kazakh provinces better, feel the hospitable atmosphere of these places and enjoy the extraordinary beauties of the East Kazakhstan region.

Shiny River**** Hotel is conveniently located on the embankment of the Ulba River. Rooms are offered, from Economy to Lux classes. Each room has air conditioning, refrigerator, wireless Internet, satellite TV. The hotel has 2 restaurants, 2 bars, a banquet hall, a business center, a conference hall.
Room rate per night: from KZT 11,000 ($ 60) to KZT 40,000 ($ 218)
Address: st. Solnechnaya, 8/1.

Hotel De Luxe, located in the city center, offers its customers rooms from standard to deluxe, equipped with a minibar, cable TV, Wi Fi, safe, air conditioning. The hotel has a restaurant, karaoke bar, swimming pool, sauna, gym.
Room rate per night: from KZT 18500 ($ 100) to KZT 30000 ($ 163)
Address: st. Kaisenova, 28 a.

Hotel City Hotel*** Rooms: Standard, Junior Suite, Suite, VIP.
Room rate per night: from KZT 8500 ($ 46) to KZT 20000 ($ 109)
Address: st. Voroshilov, 158.

Hotel complex Beybarys*** Rooms: Suite, Premier Suite, Presidential Suite.
Room rate per night: from KZT 11000 ($ 60) to KZT 21000 ($ 115)
Address: st. Basic, 8.

Hotel Irtysh*** Rooms: Standard, Suite I. II and III categories.
Room rate per night: from KZT 7500 ($ 40) to KZT 27000 ($ 147)
Address: st. Auezov, 22.

Hotel Ust-Kamenogorsk. Rooms: non-standard, standard and superior category.
Room rate per night: from KZT 2500 ($ 14) to KZT 21000 ($ 115)
Address: st. Kabanbai Batyr, 158.

Sights of Ust-Kamenogorsk

Built in 1827, the house of the merchant Stepanov is a monument of architecture and urban planning. In different years of the Soviet period, it housed the regional committee, passport office and other official and party organizations. Today, this ancient building houses the Museum of Fine Arts named after the Nevzorov family, in whose funds there are more than 4,000 works of painting, drawing, sculpture and decorative art by artists and craftsmen of Kazakhstan. The club of the author's song, the Roerich society, the association "Literature", the association of friendship with India work in the premises of the museum.
Address: st. Tokhtarov. 56.

The East Kazakhstan Regional Museum of History and Local Lore is one of the oldest in Kazakhstan. It was founded before the revolution - back in 1915. Almost a hundred years of the museum's work have brought invaluable results: the richest collections of exhibits are gathered under its vaults. Of particular interest are archaeological finds collected from all excavations of ancient mounds since 1947. In the former USSR, the East Kazakhstan Museum of History and Local Lore was twice recognized as the best in the country.
Address: st. Uritsky, 40.

East Kazakhstan Drama Theatre. Zhambyla, whose original name was "People's House", is a theater with more than a century of history and deep-rooted traditions. Even during the harsh war years, performances were staged in the unheated theater premises. Today, two theater troupes perform works by Russian, Kazakh and foreign classics, as well as modern drama.
Address: st. Tokhtarov. 47.

On Mount Ablaketka, the inscription “Kazakhstan” is embedded in six-meter letters. A flag of Kazakhstan, 6 by 12 meters in size, is installed nearby. The inscription, of course, is smaller than the famous Hollywood one, but it is visible in almost any district of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk, and on holidays it glows at night.

The East Kazakhstan Pantotherapy Center, located 16 km from the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk, offers not only to relax surrounded by picturesque Altai nature, but also to undergo a course of medical procedures based on antler products. Pantotherapy is indispensable for any urban dweller whose life takes place in conditions of poor ecology. In this sanatorium, you will noticeably strengthen your body within 10-12 days.
Room rate per night: from KZT 12,000 ($ 65) to KZT 45,000 ($ 244)
Address: st. Kabanbai Batyra, 91.

Nature of Southern Altai

City of Spirits, Burning Cliffs - many poetic epithets are chosen to describe this unique creation of nature. Proud Beauty - this is how Kiin-Kerish sounds in literal translation. As a result of prolonged erosion, the exposed deposits of multi-colored clays with predominant red hues have acquired unimaginable shapes. The bizarre landscape of this strange place, which is not easy to find without a guide, is often called "Martian". Tourists come here to admire the amazing city created by nature itself. Scientists are also frequent guests of Kiin-Kerish. The paleontological finds discovered here are of high value.
Location: in the vicinity of Lake Zaisan.
The nearest railway station is Serebryansk.

Mountaineer's dream! The highest peak of Altai has a number of properties that allow climbing of various categories of difficulty. In addition, Belukha is shrouded in myths and legends of a religious and mystical nature, as a result of which not only climbers show great interest in it.
The nearest railway station is Zyryanovsk.

Has healing properties. During the time of the Great Silk Road, passing by it, travelers stopped to swim and rest from a long journey. It was they who noticed already in those distant times that the magical waters of Lake Alakol help to quickly restore strength. In the vicinity of the lake there are sanatoriums and recreation centers: Alakol, Aigerim, Dorozhnik, Asem, Barlyk Arasan and many others.
Location: Urdzharsky district.

The population of the city for 2018 was 329,090 people. As a percentage, 68.1% Russians, 26.5% Kazakhs, 1.3% Germans, 1.2% Ukrainians, 1.1% Tatars, 0.2% Koreans, 0.2% Azerbaijanis, 0. 3% Belarusians, 0.1% Uzbeks, 1.0% other nationalities.

Currently, administrative, scientific, educational, medical, entertainment, sports, and entertainment institutions are located in the center of the regional level. The main areas of the city's economy are non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering and metalworking, energy, light industry, timber industry, food industry. The city hosts enterprises for the processing of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, the largest machine and instrument-making plants in the republic, as well as the only Lada automobile plant in Kazakhstan. Non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises smelt lead, zinc, gold, silver, cadmium, thallium and tellurium.

Ust-Kamenogorsk has received great development in recent years in the scientific, technical and cultural spheres. Since 2005, the city has 58 secondary schools, 5 colleges, 3 polytechnic schools and 8 higher education institutions with a total of 71,758 students. The most popular higher educational institutions include: East Kazakhstan State University (EKGU), East Kazakhstan State Technical University (EKSTU), Kazakh-American Free University, Eastern Humanitarian Institute, Higher School of Law "Adilet", medical, polytechnic colleges, college Arts, College of Economics and Finance and as well as branches of various international, domestic scientific communities and academies. The city has many historical, local history museums, medical institutions, there is a Sports Palace.

City `s history

In 1714, the Russian Tsar Peter I became aware that there were deposits of "sand gold" in the area of ​​the Irket River. So, on his orders in 1715, a detachment under the command of I. Buchholz was sent from Tobolsk up the Irtysh. Soon the Yamyshevskaya fortress was laid, where the city of Semipalatinsk was later formed. In 1719, Peter I sent a new detachment to find the place of the Yarkand gold deposits. In May 1720, a new expedition was sent up the Irtysh to Lake Zaisan, headed by Major I.M. Likharev. Soon, at the place where the Ulba flows into the Irtysh, a new Russian military fortress, Ust-Kamenogorsk or Ust-Kamennaya, was founded, so named because it was in this place that the Irtysh, as it were, broke out from the mouth of the stone mountains and then rolled its waters across the plain. The fortress became the extreme southern end of the Irtysh line. It was surrounded by high ramparts. There were barracks for soldiers, a military hospital, apartments for military leaders, various storerooms and departments of a hard labor prison (they, by the way, have survived to this day). The first houses outside the fortress were built near the fortification. Thus the foundation of the city was laid.

"The mouth at the foot of the stone mountains" - this is how you can understand the meaning of the word "Ust-Kamenogorsk"; in Kazakh, the name of the city sounds like "Oskemen". The city became a gateway to the foothills of Altai and the Altai Mountains.

The second reason for laying a military fortress on this territory was the protection of Russian possessions in Siberia from the destructive attacks of the Jungars. However, after the defeat of the Dzungar Khanate in 1757, the role of the fortress lost its significance, and by the beginning of the 19th century, the Ust-Kamenogorsk settlement became the center of a lively trade with Mongolia and China. Cargoes passed through Ust-Kamenogorsk, mainly ore concentrate, sent by cart or by steamboats along the Irtysh to the metallurgical plants of Barnaul and to Central Russia. A market square with shopping malls appears on the territory of the city; agricultural products are traded daily. Every year, a fair was held in Ust-Kamenogorsk, where bread, furs, butter, leather, wax, honey and other goods were sold. Stone shops of wealthy merchants also stood here. Some of these buildings have survived to this day on the street. Kirov and M. Gorky. In 1868, the settlement, whose population consisted of Siberian Cossacks who moved here in the second half of the 18th century, acquired the status of a city.

The pages of the history of the city say that many unpleasant and sad events happened here. So, for example, Ust-Kamenogorsk had to endure both a fire, the flame of which once swallowed the city completely, and floods, which brought nothing but huge damage to the city.

By the beginning of the 20th century, trade continued to develop in the city, a pier and a railway were being built (Zashchita station); Ust-Kamenogorsk becomes the center of the gold mining industry in the Kazakh part of Altai. Alluvial and primary deposits are intensively developed. Throughout history, according to official reports, about 700 tons of gold have been extracted. A gold nugget weighing 27.57 kilograms found in these places deserves special attention.

The city, among other things, is known for the fact that the famous Russian writer Bazhov visited here. The amazing colorful places of this region seem to be created for its “mistress of the copper mountain”, which one really wants to see in the gorges of colorful rocks. Here, literally, one cannot take a step without stumbling upon one of the precious crystals scattered by the generous hand of a fairy-tale character.

Not far from Ust-Kamenogorsk, on the shore of one of the picturesque lakes in the late 17th - early 18th century, there was a lamaist temple with a large library of Tibetan scrolls, which was destroyed. Barely distinguishable, miraculously preserved ruins remind of it.

Attractions

The main attraction of Ust-Kamenogorsk is by no means architectural monuments, museums or ancient settlements (although this is also important), but the extraordinary surrounding nature, which is impossible not to admire. Colorful mountains, picturesque lakes, green reserves - everything here can delight a tourist. And not only tourists, even the townspeople do not get tired of enjoying the beauty of their land. Is it possible to get used to this, and how can this ever get bored?

Natural reserves, however, are located outside the industrial city: Katon-Karagai State National Natural Park. The nature protection zone is located on the border with Russia. The area of ​​the park is 643.5 thousand hectares. This is the largest national park in Kazakhstan. About 34% of the park's territory is covered with forest, where mainly coniferous species are represented: spruce, Siberian cedar, larch and fir. The park is home to such rare animals and birds as the Altai snowcock, black stork, gray and belladonna cranes, imperial eagle, osprey, saker falcon, peregrine falcon, hook-nosed scoter, snow leopard and stone marten. The Katon-Karagai National Park is crossed by the Austrian road, 50 km long. The road is unofficially called "Austrian", as it was built in the period from 1914 to 1916 by Austrian prisoners of war of the First World War. The Austrian road is the most popular route of the park, it passes through its main attractions: the Marble Pass, the Altai and Burkhat passes and the northern branch of the Great Silk Road.

West Altai State Nature Reserve

The area of ​​the reserve is 86 thousand hectares. The "black taiga" extends here, consisting of dense fir-spruce forests, and there are about 50 species of mammals and 200 species of birds. In the reserve there is a natural monument "Stone City", consisting of granite remnants.

Markakol State Nature Reserve

The park was created to preserve and study the unique ecosystem of the mountain lake Markakol, located at an altitude of 1447 m. Lake Markakol is one of the largest lakes in Altai, its area is 455 sq. km. More than 100 rivers and streams flow into it, and only one river, the Kalzhyr, flows out of the lake. About 700 species of plants are found in the reserve. Mammals are represented by 55 species, among which there are elk, roe deer, deer, wild boar, brown bear, wolf, wolverine, ermine, polecat, weasel, badger, Siberian weasel, saltwort, otter, sable, American mink, occasionally you can see the snow leopard. There are also about 250 species of birds here. In the waters of Lake Markakol, fish such as grayling, char, gudgeon and lake uskuch live. Lake uskuch is a kind of Siberian lenok, it is found only in Markakol. Fishing in the reserve is best in late winter and autumn.

"City of Spirits" - Kiin-Kerish

This is one of the most mysterious sights of Kazakhstan, located in the vicinity of Lake Zaisan. Here, in the middle of the desert, there are rocks and cliffs of red color, reminiscent of castles, towers and yurts. Red rocks are nothing more than deposits of tertiary clays exposed as a result of weathering. The landscape of Kiin-Kerish can indeed be called extraterrestrial, similar to the Martian one. It is said that this place has the strongest energy: even in ancient times it was used for ritual sacrifices. But the most interesting fact was that in the red clays of Kiin-Kerish, prints of tropical vegetation and the remains of fossil vertebrates of the Mesozoic were found.

"Kazakhstan" - like in Hollywood

On Mount Ablaketka at an altitude of 522 meters above sea level, the word “Kazakhstan” is laid out in giant letters. The inscription can be seen in almost every corner of the city, it resembles the famous "Hollywood" letters on the California hills. True, the height of those is 10 meters, while the Ust-Kamenogorsk ones are a little “more modest” - only six! Next to the inscription, a Kazakh flag of the same impressive size was installed - 6 by 12 meters. The city akimat explained that this gift was made to Ust-Kamenogorsk by two large companies that wished to remain anonymous. At night, the metal letters will glow. True, only on holidays.

Ust-Kamenogorsk - the city of eastern Kazakhstan, which is the administrative center of the East Kazakhstan region. It is here that the confluence of two rivers takes place: the Irtysh and the Ulba. The urban environs are represented by a river valley surrounded by mountain ranges in the southwest of the Altai Mountains. To the east of the city lie the slopes of the western mountains of the Shanovsky Range, and to the west there are flat areas interspersed with hills.

The day when the future city of Ust-Kamenogorsk was founded was August 20, 1720. Then the major of the military detachment of the Russian army I.M. Likharev ordered the construction of fortifications at the confluence of the Irtysh and Ulba. One of the reasons for choosing this particular place was the need to protect Russian territories from Dzungarian raids.

The new fortress was called Ust-Kamennaya, because next to the construction site, the Irtysh seemed to break out of the depths of mountain stones and continued on its way through flat places. The city itself was founded by houses outside the fortress walls, built near the fortifications.

Over the years of its existence, Ust-Kamenogorsk has gone through numerous disasters, fires and floods. The second half of the 18th century became a time of active filling of the city with settlers, mainly Siberian Cossacks. Exiles also moved here. And starting from 1762, it was these places that were chosen as the place of resettlement of the Russian Old Believers freed from the persecution of the authorities, who returned from Poland.

Gradually, thanks to a pronounced commercial flavor, the city received enhanced development, gradually becoming an industrial and cultural center. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city acquired a pier and a railway. Having been in the status of a village, and then a county town, Ust-Kamenogorsk received the official title of a full-fledged city only in 1939.

You can fly to Ust-Kamenogorsk by direct flight both from the capital cities of Russia, and from some large cities of Siberia and Kazakhstan itself. The city also has good rail links.

Time zone of Ust-Kamenogorsk: GMT+6 (+3 hours with Moscow).

Climate

The climate of Ust-Kamenogorsk is sharply continental, characterized by very low temperatures in winter and warm summers. In the hottest month of the year, July, the temperature stays at +22…+25 °C, sometimes rising even higher. January can show frosts at -17 ... -20 ° C. Precipitation falls quite actively throughout the year, the average annual rate is 410 mm, and the rainiest are the summer months (especially July, when up to 60 mm of precipitation can fall).