Presentation on the topic of the unknown places of the Crimea. Presentation "Journey through Crimea"

Business card. Nature features

Nature of Crimea

• Lesson 1: Business Card. Nature features
• Lesson 2: population and economy
• Lesson 3: Cities of Crimea, attractions

• Examine the features of the Crimean Republic:
• Nature
• Population
• Economy.
• Sights.

Business card. Nature features

• With the account of the Russian Federation, which is part of the Crimean Federal District. Formed on March 18, 2014, on the basis of an agreement on the adoption of Russia, the independent sovereign republic of Crimea. The capital of the Republic of Crimea is the city of Simferopol.

• Area: 27,000 km² Population: 2284400 people.

• Mr Luboko is issued to the Black Sea, which is washed from the south and the West, from the East is washed by the Azov Sea. The coastline of the Crimean Peninsula exceeds 2,500 km. Of these, almost 50% fall on the victim, 750 km on the Black Sea and about 500 - to Azov.
• In the north is connected to the continent of a narrow (up to 8 km) Perekopsty. The area is about 26,860 km², of which 72% - plain, 20% - mountains and 8% - lakes and other water bodies.

The largest bays on the Black Sea coast: Carcinite, Kalaytsky, Feodosia.

On the Azov coast: Sivash, Kazantipsky and Arabatsky.

In the east, Crimea is the Kerch Peninsula, in the West -Tarkhankutsky, Hercalley Peninsula, in the north - Tyup-Tarkhan.

Geological structure

• From the geological point of view, the Crimean Peninsula is the southern part of the Ukrainian crystal shield of the Eastern European Platform, within which the Scythian stove and the Crimean folded area are distinguished.

• According to the nature of the relief of the peninsula, it is divided into three unequal parts:
• 1) North-Crimean Plain with Tarkhankuta Hills (about 70% of the territory),
• 2) Grocery-Harm Plains of the Kerch Peninsula with the manifestation of mud volcanism
• 3) Mountain Crimea, extending three ridges - the main (southern), internal and external (northern), separated by longitudinal plains.

• High mountain peaks:

Roman-Kos - 1545 m;

• Demir Capu - 1540 m;
• Zeytin-Kos - 1534 m;
• Kemal Egersk - 1529 m;
• Equisi-Burun - 1527 m;
• Angara Burun - 1453 m.

• Mountain structures Crimea are part of the alpine folded geosynclinal area. The folded area of \u200b\u200bthe mountain Crimea is a large block lift, the southern part of which is lowered under the level of the Black Sea. The interior is accumulatively aligned. The length of the coastline is 980 km, of which 76% - the abrasion shores (that is, where the rocks were destroyed by the waves).

• Mineral deposits: mineral salts, building raw materials, fuel gas, thermal waters, iron ore. Natural recreational resources are the greatest importance: soft climate, warm sea, medicinal dirt, mineral waters, scenic landscapes.

• Crimea, despite a relatively small territory, is distinguished by a varied climate. The climate of Crimea is divided into three subzones:
• 1) Steppe Crimea (most of Crimea, North, West and the center of Crimea).
• 2) Crimean Mountains
• 3) South Coast of Crimea
• The climate of the northern part is moderately continental, on the southern shore - with features similar to subtropical. The average temperature of January from -1 ... -3 ° C in the north of the steppe zone to + 1 ... -1 ° C in the south of the steppe zone, on the south coast of the Crimea from + 2 ... + 4 ° C. The average temperature of July Skk and the eastern part of Crimea: Kerch and Feodosia + 23 ... + 25 ° C. Precipitation from 300-400 mm per year in the north to 1000-2000 mm in the mountains.

• In the summer (in the second half of July) in the steppe part of the Crimea, the daily air temperature reaches + 35 ... + 37 ° C in the shade, at night to + 23 ... + 25 ° C. The climate is predominantly dry, seasonal Sukhov is dominated. The Black Sea in the summer heats up to +25 ° C. The Azov Sea warms up to + 27 ... + 28 ° C.

Climate. Distribution of total solar radiation.

Air temperature (July)

Air temperature (January)

The climate of most of the Crimea can be described as a climate of a moderate belt - a soft steppe in a flat part, more wet, characteristic of deciduous forests - in the mountains. The south coast of the Crimea is peculiar to subtropical Mediterranean.

Moderate continental belt

Subtropical Mediterranean Belt (SKK)

Moderate Continental Climate Type

Moderate climate (mountain forest)

Subtropical Mediterranean (South Coast)

The inner waters of the Crimea. River

A relatively small amount of atmospheric precipitation, long dry summer, distribution in the mountains of karst rocks led to the poverty of the Crimea with surface waters. Due to the unequal conditions for the formation and placement of surface water, the Crimea is divided into two parts: a flat steppe with a very small number of surface watercourses and a mountain forest with a relatively thick river network. Almost all the Peninsula Rivers begin here. There are no rivers only on flat surfaces of ial.

• On the territory of Crimea, 257 rivers flow (the largest - Saligir, Kacha, Alma, Belbek), indole, Biyuk-Karasu, Black, Burulcha. The longest river of Crimea - Salgir (220 km), the most complete-breeding - Belbek (water consumption - 1500 liters per second).

• There is more than 50 salty lakes in Crimea, the largest of them - Lake Sasiek-Sivash - 205 km². The Black Sea Artesian Pool is located. The steppe is cut by canals for irrigation, the largest is the north-Crimean canal.

Underground waters of Crimea

North Sivash, Belogorsky, Almina Pools

Artesian pool of the mountain Crimea.

Much more precipitation falls in the mountains than in the plain Crimea, and evaporation, on the contrary, less. Therefore, in the mountains there is a flow formation, in the foothills (primarily within the external ridge) - the penetration of water into permeable layers of rocks, and in the plain Crimea - the accumulation of groundwater. Water that fell into the thickness of limestone moves to the north and west. There they formed a powerful artesian pool. Thus, the poor on the surface water plain Crimea for a long geological time sustainably received good quality water from the mountains.

In the artesian basins of the plain Crimea, as scientists believe, is up to 75% of freshwater operational stocks. The most extensive here North Sivash, Belogorsk and Almian Artesian pools. They are a giant deflection in the earth's crust, in which the number and thickness of the layers of rocks, including aquifer, is usually increasing.

Soil Crimea

Mining and forest

G o r n y k r s m

Brown

The plain Crimea is located in the subzone of the unin-cereal dry steppes with southern Chernozem and dark brown soils .

For the southern coast and partly - southwestern part of the Crimea are characteristic brown soils Formed under subsened-proximated dry forests and shrub thickets.

Chernozem and Dark Chestnuts

Population and farm Crimea

• 65% Russian, 24% Ukrainians, 11% of the Kyrgyz Republic. Tatars, 1% Belarusians, Armenians, Jews, Moldovans, Poles, Greeks, Gypsies. Following the census of the population in the Crimean Federal District of 2014, the absolute majority of the population of the peninsula native language called Russian - 84%. Krymskotatar native was named for 7.9%, Tatar - for 3.7%, Ukrainian - for 3.3%. The Russian native language was called 79.7% of Ukrainians, 24.8% of Tatars and 5.6% of the Crimean Tatars. For 0.1% of Russian native languages \u200b\u200bis Ukrainian.

1,239,800 people, in rural areas - 730,000 people. The largest cities: Sevastopol, Simferopol, Kerch, Evpatoria and Feodosia.

Simferopol.

Sevastopol

The largest city in the Crimean Peninsula - Sevastopol - 389,921 residents (2009), the capital of the Republic of Crimea Simferopol on the 2nd place - 337,139 residents (2009). Historically, for Sevastopol and Simferopol, it is characterized by the "competition" for the 1st place in the population, the third place from the first All-Russian population census in 1897 is invariably belongs to Kerch

• Feodosia Mechanical Factory
• Plant "Hydropribor" (Feodosia)
• Sevastopol instrumentation factory
• Plant "Santechprom" (Simferopol)
• Scientific and Production Association "Pneumatics"

Kamysh-Buran iron ore plant

• Kerch Metallurgical Combine them. P. L. Voikov

Janka Machine-Building Factory

Factory "Selkhozdal" (Simferopol)

• Shipbuilding:
• Kerch Shipbuilding Plant "Bay"
• Feodosian shipbuilding company "Sea"
• Sevastopol maritime factory. S. Korzhonikidze

• Mining:
• Balaklava ore department. M. Gorky
• Chernomorneftegaz

• The Chemical Industry of the Crimea has a clearly pronounced orientation on sources of raw materials and therefore is located in the city of Saki, adjacent to major salted Lakes Sasiek and Saksky and at the Perekopsty, where the system of bitter and salted lakes is located

• Saki Chemical Plant (Saki)
• Scientific and Production Association "Yodobrom" (Saki)
• Crimean soda plant (Krasnoperekopsk)
• Perekopsky Bromine Plant (Krasnoperekopsk)
• Crimean Titan (Armenian)
• chemical production in Simferopol

• Winemaking:

• Wine House "Fotisal" (Bakhchisarai)
• Bakhchisarai Winery (Bakhchisarai)
• Factory of champagne wines "New Light" (new light)
• Plant of vintage wines and cognacs "Koktebel" (Koktebel)
• Winery "Golden Field" (Golden Field)
• LLC "Agroofirma Golden Beach" (Balaklava)
• Inkerman Vintage Wine plant (Inkerman)
• National Production and Agrarian Association "Massandra" (Yalta) (in Figure)
• National Institute of Grapes and Wine "Magarach" (Yalta)

• GP "Sevastopol Winery" (Sevastopol)
• PJSC "Solar Valley" (Solar Valley)

Tobacco industry:

• Simferopol tobacco-fermentation factory
• Feodosia tobacco factory

• Specialization of agriculture Crimea - grainstorm, animal husbandry, viticulture, gardening, vegetable growing, as well as cultivation of essential oil crops (lavender, roses, sage).
• In the structure of agricultural land, occupying 63% of the territory of the Crimea, prevails arable land (63.3% of the total area of \u200b\u200bfarmland). Next, the pastures are followed - 22.9%, perennial plantings - 8.7% and hayfields - 0.1%.

• The oldest agrarian industry in Crimea is viticulture. The Crimea is famous by steel grapes that are used for the production of high-quality wines, cognacs and juices. The republic was the main region of Ukraine for the production of grapes. In 2013, Crimea collected 472 thousand tons of vegetables and almost 412 tons of potatoes

sights

One of the most picturesque places of Crimea - Balaklava Bay, has long won the hearts of tourists, and the residents themselves. We also do not stand behind!

sights

The Khansky Palace is located in the Crimean Territory, in the city of Bakhchisaraye, on the left bank of the Chuok-Su River and dates back to the 16th century.

sights

"Jur-Jur ...", - from a fifteen meter height, flows at a speed of about three hundred liters per second Crimean the most complete waterfall.

In the Crimean Tatar language, the name of the picturesque waterfall, located in the vicinity of the famous resort town of Alushta, and this refers: "Water" or "murder" ("Curcur").

sights

The Vorontsov Palace (19th century) is located in the city of Alupka, at the feet of Hyda Petri.

sights

The Genoese Fortress is located on the mountain "serfdom" at the city of Sudak, on the coast of Crimea, built by the Genoese from 1371 to 1469 years.

sights

Mount Ai-Petri (1234 meters) rises above the city of Alupka and the village of Koreaiz on the territory of the Yalta Mining Reserve

sights

One of the most popular natural objects is Mount Ayu Dag - sitting on the border between Alushta and Yalta.

sights

Swallow nest (19th century) is located in the village of Gaspra. The architectural and historical monument towers 40 meters above the sea, sitting on the sheer cliff of Cape Ai-Todor.

sights

Livadia Palace, Park, Svitsky (Prague) Corps, Frederix Palace, Cross-Zoda Church in the complex are an architectural and natural ensemble located in the village of the same name, on the Black Sea coast of the Yalta Crimea. Directly with Yalta is divided by three kilometers of the path.

sights

The Massandra Palace (19th century) or the palace of Alexander the Third is located in the Crimean South Court of Bank, on the territory of the upper massandra. He is a branch of Alupkinsky Palace and Park Museum-Reserve.

sights

Cape, he is the same peninsula Tarkhantuk, is a real pearl of Crimea, and, moreover, the most extreme point of the Crimean Peninsula, with which he passes the land border of 52 kilometers.

This place embodies the dream of a tourist - environmental purity, healing climate and bright nature.

sights

The mysterious medieval city-Fortress of Chufut-Kale, which is 2.5 km in east of at least legendary Bakhchisaraya towers over the three picturesque valleys.

sights

Kara-Dag is a mining and volcanic array on the territory of the Feodosi City Council of the Crimea, on the Black Sea coast. The reserve occupies the territory of the volcanic massif.

Kara-Dag (Karadag), translated from Turkish and Crimean Tatar languages \u200b\u200binto Russian - "Black Mountain". Nearby is the resort Koktebel

sights

The golden gate is the coastal rock of the arched shape, is located in the sea, 85 meters from the coast of the ancient extinct volcano Kara-Dag. Welcome to Crimea !!!

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Crimea is a deeply outstanding peninsula in the Black Sea, the eastern part of which is the Kerch Peninsula - separates the Azov Sea from the Black Sea basin. The Crimean Peninsula is associated with the mainland in the north through the narrow Perekopsti (7 km), and even a narrower Kerch Strait (4.5 km) separates the Crimea from the Taman Peninsula in the East. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe Crimean Peninsula is 27,000 km², the coastline length is about 2500 km. Crimea has a unique location, a variety of relief (mountains up to 1545 m in the south and flat steppe in the north) and a varied climate (dry moderately continental in the north and subtropical on the south coast). All this, as well as the rich historical and cultural heritage make the Crimea with an outstanding resort and tourist area, and its strategic position in the Black Sea region gives Crimea a huge economic and military-political significance.

At the moment, almost the entire territory of the Crimea is part of the Republic of Crimea (until March 17, 2014 - the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, or ARC), except for the North of a narrow and long braid, the Arabat Arrow, which is administratively related to the Kherson region of Ukraine, as well as the city of federal value of Sevastopol . As a result of the degradation of Ukrainian statehood, which lasted all 23 years of the history of independent Ukraine, on February 18-23, 2014, a coup in Kiev was committed by oligarchic and banderovsky forces. In response, Crimeans took power on the peninsula in their hands. On March 16, 2014, a referendum was held, in which the Crimean people chose whether the Crimea would be fully autonomous and possessing the state sovereignty of the Republic in the composition of Ukraine or will be part of the Russian Federation as a subject of the subject of the Federation. 96.77% of Crimeans and 95.6% of Sevastopol voted for the reunification of the Crimea with Russia. The turnout in Crimea was 82.71% (including Sevastopol). It should be noted that exactly 70 years ago, March 16, 1944, the bid of the Supreme Commander was given an order to start the operation of the liberation of the Crimea. From the moment of signing the relevant interstate agreement on March 18, 2014, the Republic of Crimea, including the city of Sevastopol, is part of Russia. On March 21, the Federation Council adopted, and Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the law on the adoption of Crimea and Sevastopol into Russia.

XII century BC e. The steppe Crimea inhabit the Kimmerians, and the Tavrov tribes live in the southern coast and in the Crimean mountains, from which the oldest name of the Crimea - Tavrid occurs (the modern name of the peninsula occurs, apparently, from the Turkic word Kyrym - shaft, wall, ditch). VIII-VII century BC. e. The Greeks begin to colonize the southern coast of the Crimea, and Scythians come to the Crimean steppes. V century BC e. Greek cities in the East Crimea are combined into the Bosporus kingdom. 422 year BC. e. The Greek City of Chersonese Tauride, subsequently the most famous ancient city of Crimea, the ruins of which are located on the territory of modern Sevastopol. III-II century BC e. The steppe Crimea becomes the center of the Scythian state. Greek cities are protected from Scythians with the help of the Pontic Tsar Mithridate VI, which takes control of the Crimean harbor.

63 BC e. The Pontic Kingdom is conquered by the Roman Empire, the Crimean cities are moving under the control of Rome. I century n. e. Sarmatians invade the steppe Crimea. 98 year. According to legend, from Rome in Inkerman quarry in the area of \u200b\u200bmodern Sevastopol, Saint Clement I, the 4th Pope of Roman was exiled. He was the first to begin the spread of Christianity in the territory of the future of the Russian world, except for the legends about the apostle Andrei incense. III century. Goths invade the Crimea and capture the Bosporian kingdom and all the ownership of Sarmatians and Romans (except Chersonese). 375 year. Gunns and robes of the Bosporian kingdom are invaded in Crimea. IV-V century. Roman (Byzantine) Empire restores control over the southern coast and the mountainous part of the Crimea. End of the VI century. In the East Crimea invaded the troops of the Turkic kaganate and finally destroy the Bosporus kingdom. End of the VII century. Crimea capture Khazars, only Chersonese remain under the rule of Byzantium. X century. The defeat of the Khazar Kaganate is Russian, Pechenegs come in the steppe Crimea.

960s. Tmutarakan principality (according to some data later, but no later than 988). The Kerch Strait has the Russian Tmutarakan Principality with the capital in Tmutarakani at the Taman Peninsula and with part of the territory in the Crimea on the Kerch Peninsula. The principality arose as a result of the campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav (according to other data as a result of the Korsun (Chersoness) campaign of Prince Vladimir). Tmutarakan Principality existed at least until 1094, then these lands switched to Byzantium, and then to Polovtsam. However, for the Byzantium, and in the Polovtsy in Tmutarakani and the Russians lived in Tmutarakani, and according to some data, the princely dynasty ruled Tmutarakania during the Polovtsy, was related to Russian princes. 988 year. Baptism of Russia. In Chersonese, the baptism of Holy Prince Vladimir is the baptism of Holy Prince, where Rusi's baptism begins. As a result of the Korsun campaign of St. Vladimir enshrines the influence and presence of Russians in the Crimea, and is strengthened (or, according to other data, it is created) the Russian Tmutarakan Principality.

XI century. The defeat of the Pechenegs of the Russians, the steppe Crimea is conquered by the Polovtsy (Kypchaki). XIII century. The defeat of Konstantinople by Crusaders, as a result of which, after the weakening of Byzantium, part of its possessions in Crimea becomes an independent principality of Giathia (Feodoro), and the part goes to the Genoesers. 1238 year. Crimea is conquered by Mongols Khan Batu, the steppe part of the peninsula enters the Golden Horde. Most of the population of Crimea, including Russians, is destroyed or appeals to slavery. 1441 year. Crimean Khanate becomes independent. 1475 year. Osman Turks conquer the southern coast of the Crimea (Genoese possessions and the Principality of Feodoro), and the Crimean Khanate becomes a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. During the three subsequent centuries, the Crimean Tatars constantly make raids on Russia and compolutely. 1772 year. As a result of the Russian-Turkish War (1768-1774), under the terms of Kuchuk-Kainardzhi Treaty, Crimean Khanate receives independence from the Ottoman Empire, the garrisons of Russian troops are located on the coast of the Crimea.

1783 year. The entry of the Crimea to Russia. On April 8, 1783, the Crimea and the Priazovsky steppe adjacent to him are part of Russia (in 1784 they become the Tauride region, from 1802 - the Tavrician provincial). At the same time, Russia includes Taman and all of Kuban. On May 23, 1783, the basis of Simferopol was planned (construction began in 1784). 3 (14) June 1783 was founded by Sevastopol. 1853-1856 years. Crimean (Eastern) war of Turkey and the Anglo-French coalition against Russia. Although almost on all fronts - Kronstadt and Solovetsky Islands, in Kamchatka and in the Caucasus - allies do not achieve success and suffer defeat, in the Crimea, thanks to the superiority in the number of ships, the British and the French can occupy the southern part of the peninsula, with the exception of Sevastopol. 1854-1855 years. The first defense of Sevastopol. From October 17, 1854 to September 9, 1855, the Anglo-Franco Turkish coalition precipitates Sevastopol. The entrance to the Sevastopol bay is blocked by the flooded ships of the Black Sea Fleet, admirals of Nakhimov, Kornilov and Istomin die during defense. The enemy manages to take only the southern part of Sevastopol, Russian soldiers and sailors hold the north side. As a result, Crimea and Sevastopol remain as part of Russia, but the country deprives the right to have a military fleet on the Black Sea (however, in 1870, Russia returns this right).

1917-1920. In Russia there is a civil war. In the Crimea "White" and "Red" governments replace each other several times. On November 7 - November 17, 1920, the working and peasant Red Army during the Perekopsko-Chongane operation takes control over the Crimea, the White Troops of the Seragel General Sea are leaving the peninsula. 1921. On October 18, 1921, the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed as part of the RSFSR. 1941-1942 years. The second defense of the Crimea and Sevastopol. September 12, 1941 - July 9, 1942 Battle of Crimea and the second heroic defense of Sevastopol took place. As a result, the Territory of Crimea was occupied by Nazi Germany and Romania, but the resistant resistance of Sevastopol was distracted by significant German forces from actions in the Stalingrad direction, which in the end contributed to the victory under Stalingrad and in general in the Great Patriotic War. 1944 year. Crimea was released by Soviet troops. In order to ensure the internal security and preventing conflict in Central Asia, the Crimean Tatars (May 18), as well as Armenians, Bulgarians and Greeks (June 26), were deported. After a few decades, deported peoples returned to the Crimea. 1946. The autonomy of the Crimean ASSR, June 25, 1946, created the Crimean region.

1948 year. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of October 29, 1948, Sevastopol was made by the city of republican subordination - thus, the status of Sevastopol became equal to the status of the Crimean Region. 1954 year. Decrees of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on February 19 and 26, 1954, almost exactly 60 years to the key events of 2014, "in the sign of friendship" and in honor of the celebration of the 300th anniversary of Pereyaslavskaya Rada 1654 (that is, the reunification of Russia and Ukraine) Crimea was Transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR. It did not take into account the will of the population of the Crimea, the referendum was not carried out. The political motives for the transfer of the Crimea in the Ukrainian SSR in many ways remain incomprehensible, and the legal legality of this step is extremely controversial - according to the USSR Constitution, the territory of the republics could not be changed without their consent, and the Presidium of the Supreme Council did not have the right to change the territories of the republics. The controversial was also a legal status of transmission to the USSR Sevastopol, which was the city of republican subordination of the RSFSR and in no way mentioned in the transmission of the Crimea

1978 year. On April 12 and 20, the new Constitutions of the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR, in which the Crimea and Sevastopol were enshrined for the USSR, but the decree on the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR from 29.10.1948 N 761/2 on the republican submission of Sevastopol was not canceled. Self-defense of the Crimea with shields painted in the colors of the Crimean flag of 1991. The Crimean region was based on the results of the referendum into the Crimean ASSR as a subject of the SSR Union for entering into the project of a new updated USSR - the Union of Sovereign States (SSG), which, however, did not take place due to the position of a number of republics of the USSR, August 1991 and other reasons. 1992. After the collapse of the USSR, in fact, the Crimean autonomy in the fact of Ukraine signed the contract with Ukraine. 1994. The Supreme Council of Ukraine renamed the Crimean ASSR (Republic of Crimea) to the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Crimean president elected pro-Russian tuned Yuriy Bagkov, on March 27, a referendum was held in Crimea, in which Crimeans voted for an increase in autonomy, double Russian and Ukrainian citizenship and equalization by the status of the decrees of the President of Crimea to the laws.

1995. As a result of the conflict of Crimean autonomy with the Central Ukrainian authorities, the Supreme Council of Ukraine on March 17, 1995 canceled the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, abolished the position of President of Crimea and the regulatory acts taken earlier in Crimea.

year 2014. "The third defense of Sevastopol and Crimea." Reunion with Russia. On the Day of Defender of the Fatherland February 23 in Sevastopol began mass rallies against the Bandera, who captured power in Kiev. On February 24, 2014, the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea refused to obey the new illegitimate Ukrainian authorities. Over the course of several days, self-defense detachments were formed in Crimea, who took administrative buildings and entrances to Sevastopol and Crimea, and also blocked Ukrainian military units and almost the entire Black Sea Fleet of Ukraine. On March 6, 2014, the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea adopted a fundamental decision to enter into Russia for the Rights of the Federation. On March 16, a referendum on reuniting with Russia was held in Crimea. The turnout in the city-hero of Sevastopol on the referendum was 89.5%, in the Republic of Crimea - 81.36%, in the Crimea as a whole, 82.71%, and the highest turnover showed the Kerch city to 94.59%. According to preliminary data, 95.7% of Crimeans voted for the reunification of the Crimea with Russia. The referendum passed in a peaceful and festive atmosphere. It should be noted that exactly 70 years ago, on March 16, 1944, the bid of the Supreme Commander was given an order to start the operation of the liberation of the Crimea. Since the signing of March 18, 2014, the Agreement on the entry into Russia of Crimea, including Sevastopol, is part of the Russian Federation.

The population of Crimea As of November 1, 2013, the population of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea was 1,967,119 people, and the population of the Sevastopol City Council - 385,462 of a person (total - 2 352,581 people). The share of Russians in the Crimea in the 2001 census census in the 2001 census (the results of which were maximally fitted under the position of Ukrainizers) 58.5% of Russians lived in the autonomous Republic of Crimea, 24.3% of Ukrainians, 12.1% of the Crimean Tatars, 1.4% Belarusians, 1.1% Armenians, 0.6% of Tatars, and 2% of representatives of other ethnic groups. According to the same information, 71.58% of Russians lived in Sevastopol in 2001, 22.38% of Ukrainians, 1.54% of Belarusians and 5.5% of representatives of other ethnic groups. The majority of the population of Crimea and Sevastopol is extremely positive about Russia.

The Crimea Economy Industry Below is the main enterprises of the most important industries of the Peninsula industry. Shipbuilding and ship repair Shipbuilding industry in recent years largely overwhelmed by orders - the same "Mistral" in the country to build was simply nowhere - therefore some kind of increase due to the Crimea, whose plants, though not so great as in Nikolaev, for the Russian economy I fell quite by the way.

Sevastopol Maritime Plant, Sevastopol - is engaged in shipbuilding and ship repair since 1783. Ship repair plant "Southern Sevastopol", Sevastopol. Shipbuilding plant "Sea", PGT. Primorsky, Theodosia - specializes in ships on underwater wings and air cushion. Shipbuilding Plant "Bay", Kerch. Kerch ship repair plant, Kerch. 13 Ship-Repair Plant of the Black Sea Fleet of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, Sevastopol. Verf "Shaft", Sevastopol. Design and Technological Bureau "Sudokompozit", Feodosia Feodosia Shoezomechanical Plant, Feodosiya Fiberglass, Feodosius Special Production and Technical Base "Flame", PGT. Primorsky, Theodosia - production of ship fire systems. Central Design Bureau "Chernomorets", Sevastopol

Other Mechanical Engineering and Metallurgy Plant "Hammer", Sevastopol - production of pumping equipment for shipbuilding and mines. Kerch River Plant, Kerch - Production of elements of the top structure of railways and cast details of various purposes. Plant "Pneumatics", Simferopol - produces pneumatic equipment. Machine-building plant Progress, Simferopol - produces lines for the production of building materials, and also automotional special equipment and trailers. Plant "Simferopolselmash", Simferopol - produces components of agricultural machinery, including for Rostselmash. Simferopol Automobile Rules factory, Simferopol - Manufacturer of autocompleteners for the crazy. Kerch Metallurgical Combine - production of enameled dishes. Evpatoria Aviation Repair Plant - repair and maintenance of aircraft. Sevastopol aviation enterprise - repair of helicopters and means of communication. Design Bureau Radiocommunication, Sevastopol.

Instrument-making plant "Fiolent", Simferopol - production of ship automation systems and electromechanical components. Large manufacturer of manual power tool. Crimean electrical plant "Saturn", Sevastopol - production of electric motors. Tavrida Electric, Sevastopol - Electrical equipment for networks of 0.4-10 kV. Plant "Musson", Sevastopol - manufacturer of marine radio engineering. Theodosia optical plant - optics, including military purposes. Theodosia cassed optical plant - microscopes.

Chemical industry "Crimean Titan", city of Armenian

Crimean soda plant, Krasnoperekopsk - provides 2.5% of the global market for soda calcined. Crimean Titan, Armenian - the largest manufacturer of titanium dioxide in Eastern Europe. Among other things, Titanium dioxide is widely known as white pigment in building enamels. Perekopsky Bromine Plant (PJSC "Brom"), Krasnoperekopsk - produces bromine and its compounds.

Building materials industry Cement plant "Altz", Kerch - a very large cement plant is built, the first stage was to be commissioned in the summer of 2014. Mineral mining Raman-Buran iron ore plant - mining and primary processing of iron ore in the area of \u200b\u200bKerch. Chernomoreftogaz - gas production, oil and gas condensate on the shelf of the peninsula.

Wine model The main building of the Massandra wine plant

Sevastopol Winery Wine plant Massandra Winemaker Plant Vintage Wine and Cognac "Koktebel" Inkerman Vintage Water Plant "New World" National Institute of Grapes and Wine "Magarach" - is not only a research center, but also a wine producer.

Fisherman and fish processing enterprises "Interrembflot" factory, Sevastopol. FISH COMBINE COMBINE "NEW", G. Sevastopol. Fish Recorder "Ahtyir", Sevastopol. Fish factory "Strait", Kerch Fish conservation plant "Vostok NPP", Kerch

Agriculture The natural-geographical conditions of the Crimea, divided into the northern steppe and southern mountainous parts, as well as lack of moisture, especially in dry years determine the focus of local agriculture. Over the years, an independent Ukraine affiliates in significant decline due to lack of natural feed came animal husbandry, which traditionally for the peninsula was presented by a large cattle of dairy directions, as well as poultry farming and sheep. In the area of \u200b\u200bcrop production for the southern mountainous part of the Crimea, horticulture, viticulture, tobacco and vegetables growing are characteristic. In the northern part of the peninsula, grain, vegetables and feed crops for animal husbandry are growing more. In Soviet times, the North-Crimean Canal, which, for irrigation of water, Dnipro, was built to organize irrigation agriculture on the peninsula, but at the moment it was largely degraded.

Seaports

Kerch ferry crossing. Kerch Sea Trade Port. Kerch Sea Fish Port. Theodosia sea shopping port. Yalta sea shopping port. Sevastopol maritime trading port. Sevastopol maritime fishing port. Evpatoria Sea Trade Port.

Research Institute of AeroPrust Systems, Feodosia - Research in the development of parachute systems. Research Center "Helicopter", PGT. Primorsky. Feodosia - tests and refinement of helicopter equipment. Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (KRO), PGT. Scientific, Bakhchisarai district - at one time one of the largest astronomical centers in the USSR and all over the world. It has unique equipment, including the largest mirror telescope with a diameter of 2.6 meters in Europe, which studies the chemical composition and magnetism of stars, as well as physics of active nuclei of galaxies (this telescope is also the second largest in Eurasia after the 6-meter BTA telescope in Karachay Circassia in the Caucasian Range - the border between Europe and Asia). Observatory under the rule of Ukraine seriously suffered from underfunding and in recent years has been forced to minimize many programs, but now hopes for changes for the better, it is going to join the Russian Academy of Sciences and strengthen their personnel by specialists from Russia. The Simerais Observatory on the southern coast of the Crimea is currently as a structural division. In Soviet times, numerous openings of asteroids, comets and nebulae were committed in the Soviet times in the Crimean and Simerais observatory.

The Center for Famial Space Communications in Evpatoria (National Center for Space Management Center) is the most well-equipped center of communication with spacecraft outside the geostationary orbit. It is a serious radio operator, since it is equipped with radio telescopes (antennas) with a diameter of up to 70 meters.

The reunification of the Crimea with Russia on the general revital referendum is calculated 100% of the vote. For reunification with Russia, 96.77% of residents of the Republic of Crimea were voted at an 83.1% turnout, as well as 95.6% of Sevastopol at 89.5%. The Supreme Council of Crimea and the City Council of Sevastopol announced the intention to join Russia as subjects of the federation. According to the head of the Commission on the organization of the referendum Mikhail Malysheva, "such a choice of Crimeans, and those words that are inscribed on the coat of arms of Crimea -" prosperity in unity ", from now on, as" prosperity in unity with Russia ". Since the signing of an interstate agreement on March 18, 2014 The Republic of Crimea, including the city of Sevastopol, is part of Russia. Ukraine does not recognize this fact. Third countries can make various statements on this issue, but no documents with the participation of third parties are not determined by the Russian-Ukrainian border.

What reunion with the Crimea will give Russia Russia gets the possibility of strategic control over the entire Black Sea region, which is due to the location of the southern Crimea in almost the center of the Azov-Black Sea basin. The possibilities of Russia in terms of control over sea and airspace in the Black Sea area are sharply increasing, including the placement of the Rocket attack warning radar stations on the peninsula. Russia receives full unlimited control over the Base of the Black Sea Fleet in Sevastopol, and also receives all seaports and military bases in the Crimea. No longer need to pay Ukraine for renting the CF base in Sevastopol and do not need to pay duties for deliveries to this base. The rental price was about $ 100 million a year, a few tens of millions of dollars left for duties. The same takes place to the landfill for the preparation of seaside aircraft flying with aircraft carriers "Thread". In addition, tremendous funds (many billions of dollars) are potentially released on the arrangement of the CF base in Novorossiysk and strengthening the infrastructure of the Southern Military District, which would have to spend in the event that Crimea remained as part of Ukraine under the authority of unfriendly Russia of the illegitimate government.

There is an opportunity to abandon the Kharkov agreements (a discount on gas in exchange for the prolongation of the CF base agreement in Sevastopol) and return to European gas prices for Ukraine. 2010 agreements were envisaged to reduce the price of Russian gas for Ukraine by 30%, but no more than $ 100 per thousand cubic meters - taking into account the refusal of Russia from preserving a discount on gas, given in December 2013 this means that gas prices for Ukraine again There will be the same as for most other European countries. The abolition of both discounts theoretically can give Russia to 4-6 billion dollars a year, which for several years would fully compensate for any economic costs for the integration of the Crimea to Russia. In practice, however, Ukraine in its current state is likely to simply not be able to pay the European gas price, and the pricing will certainly become the subject of political bargaining. Part of the Ukrainian army (up to 16,000 fighters from 18,000 deployed in the Crimea), part of the military equipment and almost the entire Black Sea Fleet of Ukraine goes under the control of Russia. However, most Ukrainian combat aircraft in the Crimea are in a non-working condition, and in general, the combat technology of Ukraine is outdated.

Russia receives almost complete control over the Azov Sea, the entrance and access from it through the Kerch Strait. At the moment, Russia pays annually, according to various estimates, from $ 20 to $ 70 million for the wiring of Russian courts on Kerch-Yenikali channel. After reunification with the Crimea, in fact, Russia receives not only the ports of the Crimea, but also mediated control over the activities of all Ukrainian ports of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov (if they remain in the composition of the banderovans of Ukraine). The strategic environment of the territory of Ukraine - more than half of its borders are surrounded by the countries of the Customs Union. This gives Ukraine additional economic incentives for accession to the Customs Union, Russia and other CC countries are very interested in.

The ability to pave a gas pipeline through the Crimea is an alternative route for southern stream, a substantially reduced project. Now the largest transit gas pipeline "Southern Stream" is intended to be carried out on the deep central part of the Black Sea in neutral waters (but in the Turkish economic zone). In the case of the joining of Crimea to Russia, the gas pipeline can be carried out on land on the territory of Crimea or in the Crimean shelf through a relatively shallow northern part of the Black Sea. This would reduce the cost of the project by almost 20 billion dollars (at the cost of the current project 56 billion). It is unlikely that, however, this will happen with the first thread of the gas pipeline - to change the route will have to significantly move away the deadline for entering the project into operation, in addition, they will have to be converted to partners and abandon agreements with Turkey, which has been in general on the side of Russia in Crimean crisis. But subsequent southern stream threads have great chances to go through a cheaper route. The gas pipeline is intended to fully close the needs of southern Europe in gas supplies and will allow Russia to almost completely abandon transit through Ukraine.

About 3/4 of the exclusive economic zone of Ukraine in the Black and Azov seas, including oil and gas fields, is passing to Russia. Chernomorneftegaz is currently engaged in the development of gas on the Crimean shelf. The explored oil reserves are relatively small (up to several million tons), but gas reserves are more significant (tens of billion cubic meters in the Kazantip region). In addition, there are not yet developed and not fully explored oil and gas fields, the reserves of which are already estimated at hundreds of millions of tons of oil and hundreds of billions of cubic meters of gas. The exceptional economic zone is also the right to catch fish in these waters (which, however, is not a significant resource due to the depletion of fish stocks and the worsened environmental situation in the Black Sea) Russia receives large chymcombons in the north of Crimea (see above ), which occupy a significant part of the global component market for fertilizers and reagents for refining.

The shipbuilding and ship repair enterprises of the Crimea will not be superfluous in Russia, where at the moment a significant part of shipbuilding enterprises is overloaded with orders. The Center for Cosmic Communications in Evpatoria (National Center for Management and Space Testing) - a radiotechnical center built in Soviet times is critical for the development of domestic research programs of the long-range cosmos, as it is equipped with very expensive equipment and has few analogues in Russia - close-size telescopes are Only in the bearish lakes in the Moscow region and under Ussurisky, and for effective communication with spacecraft due to the rotation of the Earth such centers should be a lot. Currently, the center is used when working with a radio astron orbital telescope. 3,000 hectares of vineyards and largest winery, including the famous Massandrovsky winery with its largest wines in the world. The following winery is operating in the Crimea - the inkerman plant of vintage wines, Koktebel, Massandra, a new light. All of them are brands in the post-Soviet space, and some and beyond.

The entire resort and tourist complex of the Crimea, including 2,500 km of the coast with numerous beaches and the marine resorts. For the Cold Northern Country, which Russia is, the return of a huge seaside resort area is of great importance. At the moment, the role of marine resort regions in Russia is played by only the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and, in the future, the southern part of the Dagestan coast. In the presence of certain investments, Crimea can easily be turned into a first-class resort area at the level of the best standards (as recently it happened from Sochi thanks to the Olympics). Probably, the first time Crimea will continue to play the role of space for relatively cheap and "non-copy" rest. The entry of the Crimea to Russia will lead to the fact that a significant part of the money that Russians spend on vacation will not leave abroad, but will remain in the economy of the country. The entry of the Crimea in the ruble zone will strengthen the position of the ruble in a row of world currencies.

Together with the Crimea, Russia's economy will increase and will definitely exceed the economy of Germany, becoming the first economy in Europe. Although the VRP Crimea is now only about $ 12 billion a year (according to PPS), even this increase is enough for Russia to bypassed Germany on GDP (PPS) in the ranking according to the World Bank. In addition, the economy of the Crimea as part of Russia will have significant growth potential. Increase market sales of Russian goods. After entering the Crimea to Russia, the introduction of the ruble as a currency, etc. It will take full removal of customs and administrative barriers between the peninsula and the rest of Russia. This will lead to a significant part of the products that are now imported by Crimea from Ukraine will be replaced by Russian goods. What will contribute to the growth of the Russian industry. As a result of reunification with the people of the Crimea, which was misunderstood abroad in 1991, the population of Russia will reach the value of 146 million people. This makes it possible in the coming years for immigration and natural growth (if it continues) to achieve and exceed the historical peak of the population of post-Soviet Russia in 148.5 million people.

Crimea will give an example to other regions of Ukraine and, in part, unrecognized or partially recognized states in the post-Soviet space. In the case of successful integration of the Crimea, many other regions of the unclears Ukraine will appear additional incentives in one or another way to integrate with Russia. In addition, a precedent will be created and appropriate legislation is adopted that under certain conditions may be able to unite with Russia for Transnistria, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Return to the Russian borders of the most important monuments of the history of Russia and the symbols of Russian culture, the most important for the spiritual space of Russia. Ancient Chersonesos, in which Prince Vladimir was baptized; The city of Hero Sevastopol, with whom the Glory of the Russian Fleet and many of the greatest pages of the Russian military history are connected; Resort Yalta and the famous Pioneer Camp Artek; Livadia Palace; "Swallow's Nest"; Kerch's Hero City - these and many other places of Crimea have a huge spiritual and symbolic importance for Russia.

What reunion with Russia will give Crimea Russia plans to provide 6 billion dollars in the near future. 5 billion will be provided in the form of investments, and 1 billion - in the form of assistance to local budgets. As for investments, it should be noted that during the preparation of the Olympiad in Sochi, Russia acquired enormous experience, in 7 years upgrading the infrastructure of the entire South of the Krasnodar Territory and creating a world-class year-round resort in Sochi. This construction and managerial experience can be used in the Crimea. The budget of the Crimea will be increased twice in the case of joining Russia. The fact that Russia gave such a guarantee, the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Crimea Vladimir Konstantinov said on March 6. Social payments to residents of the Crimea will be increased 4 times. Pensions in Russia are at least two times higher than Ukrainian, and the retirement age in Russia is lower than in Ukraine. Russia will annually allocate in pensions to the residents of Crimea 36 billion rubles. Citizens of Russia pays maternity capital at the birth of the second and subsequent children - 430,000 rubles as of 2014.

Salary in Russia is significantly higher than Ukrainian - civil servants, state employees and the former Ukrainian military in the Crimea can expect a significant increase in income. In particular, the salary of the Russian military is 3-4 times higher than the wages of their Ukrainian colleagues. The rates of all major taxes in Russia are lower than in Ukraine - lower taxes will be a significant plus for entrepreneurs in the Crimea. "In Russia, value added tax: for export 0% (in Ukraine 0%), for food products and goods for children 10% (in Ukraine 20%), for goods, works and services 18% (in Ukraine 20%). In Russia, the tax on income of individuals is 13% (in Ukraine 15-17%). In Russia, the income tax in the field of education, medicine and agriculture is 0% (in Ukraine 18%), for investment activities 20%, of which 18% are listed in the budget of the subject of the Federation. " Federation's subjects in Russia also have the right to lower rates for individual taxes. Some of the funds received from Russia are planned to be spent on improving living conditions in the settlements of the Crimean Tatars.

In Sevastopol, the election of their own mayor is fully allocated. By virtue of the special status of Sevastopol, he was the only city of Ukraine without the elected mayor. In case of entry into Russia as part of the Republic of Crimea, either as a separate subject of the federation, Sevastopol will be able to completely legitimately choose his own city holder. Kerch Strait. There are various options for building a bridge over braids in the north or in the center of the Strait. Construction of a bridge across the Kerch Strait and a significant increase in the transport links of the Peninsula with the mainland. Bridge across the Kerch Strait - most likely, railway-automotive - it will make it easy to move on land between the Crimea and the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, tied the two most important resort areas into a one. The bridge is likely to also carry electrical cables and other communications. Construction and maintenance of construction will create a certain number of new jobs in the east of Crimea. According to preliminary estimates, the cost of the bridge will be at least 50 billion rubles, construction will take 5 years.

Possible construction of the gas pipeline from the Taman Peninsula. There is an opportunity to pave a transit gas pipeline on the territory of Crimea and / or the Crimean shelf - a responded southern stream or some new project. The construction of a new gas pipeline can create a certain number of new jobs and, if necessary, to provide Crimea to the Crimea of \u200b\u200bUkraine (at the moment, the peninsula is fully provided with gas from the Crimean shelf deposits, but in the future it may not be enough). Construction of a modern cargo port on the west coast in the area of \u200b\u200bTarkhankut. Reunion with Russia can help implement an existing project for the construction of a large modern port at the Tarkhankut Peninsula that a lot will serve the development of the economy of the Crimea and create a significant number of new jobs. Construction of new railway and highways. It will be necessary to expand and modernize existing roads and the construction of new approaches to the Kerch bridge and a possible new port in the West of the Peninsula.

Restoration, modernization and provision of orders of a number of industrial enterprises of Crimea. First of all, we are talking about Sevastopol Sevmorzavod, which can work as a ship repair base and shipbuilding of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia. Reducing energy prices from Russia. Currently, Crimea, like Ukraine, receives energy carriers from Russia at prices close to the world. After the entry of Crimea, the energy carriers supplied in Crimea will not be addressed by export duties. In addition, Gazprom will supply Crimean consumers natural gas for tariffs that operate in Russia. Thus, the Crimea will be able to receive energy resources in domestic prices, which are significantly lower than the world. It will contribute to the rise of the economy of the Crimea, since the Crimean enterprises will be able to significantly reduce the cost of raw materials. Increase sales market for Crimean goods. After the entry of the Crimea, the composition of Russia will take full removal of various administrative barriers that prevent economic relations between the peninsula and the rest of Russia. For Crimean enterprises, the country's market with GDP in 3 trillion dollars will fully open (an order of magnitude more Ukrainian). This will contribute to an increase in the export of Crimean goods to Russia and, accordingly, will lead to an increase in the Crimea industry.

Significant investment in the energy of the Crimea. Crimea is now an energy efficiency. If Russia is upgrading and developing the energy of the Crimea by analogy with the modernization of energy conducted in the Krasnodar Territory, then there can be an investment in the amount of at least 0.5-1 billion dollars to build modern thermal power plants in the Crimea. If, following the example of the Kaliningrad region, a nuclear power plant will be built in the Crimea - for which it is likely to use the site of the unfinished Crimean NPP - the Crimea can turn into an energy source region. On March 21, 2014, the Deployment of Nine Powerful Mobile Paro-Gas Power Plants began in Crimea (some of which was used at the Olympics in Sochi), the work on the design of two permanent gas power plants, which will be built in the north of Crimea and on the Kerch Peninsula. Significant investment in Crimean real estate, hotel and restaurant business and tourism. There is every reason to believe that after the reunification of the Crimea with Russia, we can expect a significant increase in the influx of private investment of Russians into real estate objects in the Crimea and to the resort business. The beginning of a large-scale growth is likely to expect after the political situation around the Crimea more or less declare, and the bridge over the Kerch Strait will be close to completion.

Rising the value of Crimean real estate and land. This will be a consequence of the previous paragraph. Not all Crimeans will be satisfied with this, but the owners of the Earth and houses have chances of becoming essentially richer. Increase the number of tourists from Russia. At first, after reunion with Russia, the Crimea will cause increased interest among Russians, and perhaps in residents of other countries. The influx of tourists, however, may prevent the situation in Ukraine - especially if the railway communication with the Crimea from the north is broken or difficult (this problem, if it arises, should solve the Kerch bridge in about 5 years). In subsequent years, an increase in the number of tourists will depend on the success of Russian investments in the development of the Crimea. The Russian state, major business and the media have already announced the planned measures of support and stimulating the tourist flow in the Crimea from Russia

Demographic growth in the Crimea. The demographic crisis in Ukraine touched the Crimea to a lesser extent than most of other regions, and demographic prospects here are better. It is extremely likely that after reuniting with Russia with an increase in wages, pensions and social benefits, as well as with the start of maternal capital payments to Crimean families, the indicator of the natural growth of the population can significantly improve in Crimea. Migration in the Crimea of \u200b\u200bRussians, acquires real estate here, as well as the flow of refugees from Ukraine can also significantly increase population growth.

Slide 2.

Alexander Pushkin "Tavrida.1821". "

Who saw the edge where the luxury of nature was revived by a dubber and a meadow, where the waters were having fun and shook the shores ...

Slide 3.

The geographical position is the position of any geographical object (natural or created by a person) regarding the surface of the Earth and with respect to other objects with which it interacts.

Slide 4.

Crimean is an amazing treasury, a natural museum that stores the mystery of the Millennium.A. Griboedov

Slide 5.

Crimea on the map