home Fishing rod Download the presentation on Oceania. Presentation for the lesson of geography "oceania"

Download the presentation on Oceania. Presentation for the lesson of geography "oceania"

What is Oceania? Oceania is the largest cluster of islands in the central and western part of the Pacific Ocean on Earth - S \u003d 1.3 million km 2 Archipelagos: Hawaii, Fiji, Tuamotu 85% S New Guinea New Guinea, New Zealand

Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia New Guinea, Solomon, New Hebrides, Fiji, New Caledonia Mariana, Caroline, Marshals, Gilbert New Zealand, Tonga, Samoa, Societies, Marquesas, Tuamotu, Easter, Hawaiian "Melas" - in Greek "black" "-" island ", they are inhabited by Negroid tribes with black skin. Region of very small islands" micro "-" small "This group includes all the rest of the large number of islands" poly "-" many "-" islands "

Mount Jaya in Western New Guinea (Indonesia) is the highest point in Oceania. In the past, the islands of Oceania were a single land, but as a result of the rise in the level of the World Ocean, a significant part of the surface was under water. The relief of these islands is mountainous and highly dissected. For example, the highest mountains of Oceania, including Mount Jaya (5029 m), are located on the island of New Guinea.

Task 4. Using the material of the school textbook, atlas maps and information from this presentation, make a brief description of the leading industries in Oceania. What groups and why can the countries of Oceania be divided according to their economic specialization?

Mineral resources of the islands On most of the islands of Oceania, there are no minerals, only the largest of them are being developed: nickel (New Caledonia), oil and gas (New Guinea island, New Zealand), copper (Bougainville island in Papua New Guinea), gold ( New Guinea, Fiji), phosphates (on most islands, deposits are almost or have already been depleted, for example, in Nauru, on the Banaba, Makatea islands). In the past, many islands in the region have been actively developing guano, decomposed seabird droppings that have been used as a nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer. On the ocean floor of the exclusive economic zone of a number of countries, there are large accumulations of iron-manganese nodules, as well as cobalt, but at the moment no development is being carried out due to economic inexpediency.

Kiwi - a symbol of New Zealand On the small islands of Oceania, primarily atolls, mammals are almost never found: many of them are home to only the Polynesian rat. New Zealand and New Guinea are distinguished by the greatest diversity of fauna. Among the representatives of the fauna of New Zealand, the most famous are the kiwi birds, which have become the national symbol of the country. Other birds that live there are kea, kakapo (or owl parrot), takahe (or wingless sultanka). All the islands of Oceania are home to a large number of lizards, snakes and insects.

Economy Most of the countries of Oceania have a very weak economy, which is due to several reasons: limited natural resources, remoteness from world markets for products, a shortage of highly qualified specialists. Many states depend on financial assistance from other countries. The economy of most countries in Oceania is based on agriculture (copra and palm oil production) and fishing. Among the most important crops are the coconut palm, bananas, breadfruit. Possessing huge exclusive economic zones and not having a large fishing fleet, the governments of Oceania countries issue fishing licenses to vessels of other states (mainly Japan, Taiwan, the USA), which significantly replenishes the state budget. The mining industry is most developed in Papua New Guinea, Nauru, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. Recently, measures have been taken to develop the tumor sector of the economy. 57

Solve a crossword puzzle 7. One of the archipelagos of Oceania A large cluster of islands in the Pacific Ocean 2. The fruit of the most widespread plant in Oceania 3. A Russian scientist who studied the population of New Guinea 4, 6. One of the types of economic activities of residents 5. Indigenous people of New Guinea

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I. Physical and geographical position and composition of Oceania This is a cluster of islands in the central and western parts of the Pacific Ocean, which stretch from north to south, from Hawaii to New Zealand, and from east to west, from Easter Island to New Guinea. Number - more than 10,000 islands Area - 1.3 million km²

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The islands of Oceania are united into three large groups Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia New Guinea, Solomon, New Hebrides, Fiji, New Caledonia Mariana, Caroline, Marshals, Gilbert New Zealand, Tonga, Samoa, Societies, Marquesas, Tuamotu, Easter, Hawaiian "Melas" -Greek "black", "nesos" - "island", they are inhabited by Negroid tribes with black skin. Region of very small islands "micro" - "small" This group includes all the rest of the large number of islands "poly" - "many" - " islands "

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II. Discovery and exploration of Oceania The island of New Guinea and the nearby islands of Melanesia were, presumably, inhabited by immigrants from South-East Asia who sailed by canoe about 30-50 thousand years ago. Most of Micronesia and Polynesia were settled about 2-4 thousand years ago. The colonization process ended around 1200 AD. After gaining independence, most of the countries of Oceania have remained serious economic, political and social problems, which they are trying to solve thanks to the help of the world community (including the UN) and through regional cooperation.

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III. Features of the nature of Oceania Types of origin of the islands Mainland Volcanic Coral New Guinea New Zealand Hawaiian New Caledonia New Hebrides Fiji Samoa Great Barrier Reef

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The relief of the islands The relief and geological structure of the Pacific Ocean floor in the Oceania region has a complex structure. From the Alaska Peninsula (part of North America) to New Zealand, there are a large number of marginal seas basins, deep oceanic trenches (Tonga, Kermadec, Bougainville), which form a geosynclinal belt characterized by active volcanism, seismicity and contrasting relief.

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Mineral resources of the islands On most of the islands of Oceania, there are no minerals, only the largest of them are being developed: nickel (New Caledonia), oil and gas (New Guinea island, New Zealand), copper (Bougainville island in Papua New Guinea), gold (New Guinea, Fiji), phosphates (on most islands, deposits are almost or have already been depleted, for example, in Nauru, on the Banaba, Makatea islands). In the past, many islands in the region have been actively developing guano, a decomposed dung of seabirds that has been used as a nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. On the ocean floor of the exclusive economic zone of a number of countries, there are large accumulations of iron-manganese nodules, as well as cobalt, but at the moment no development is being carried out due to economic inexpediency.

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The climate of the islands of Oceania Oceania is located within several climatic zones: equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, temperate. Most of the islands have a tropical climate. The climate of the islands of Oceania is determined mainly by the trade winds, so most of them receive heavy rainfall. Average annual rainfall ranges from 1,500 to 4,000 mm, although some islands (in particular, due to the relief and on the leeward side), the climate may be drier or more humid. Oceania has one of the wettest places on the planet: on the eastern slope of Mount Waialeale on the island of Kauai, up to 11,430 mm of precipitation falls annually (the absolute maximum was reached in 1982: 16,916 mm fell then). Near the tropics the average temperature is about 23 ° C, near the equator - 27 ° C, with little difference between the hottest and coldest months.

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Climate of the islands of Oceania Most of the islands of Oceania are subject to the destructive effects of natural disasters: volcanic eruptions (Hawaiian Islands, New Hebrides), earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones accompanied by typhoons and heavy rains, droughts. On South Island there are glaciers in New Zealand and New Guinea, high in the mountains, but due to the process of global warming, their area is gradually decreasing.

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Features of the flora and fauna of Oceania Among the most widespread plants in Oceania, the coconut palm and breadfruit are distinguished, which play an important role in the life of local residents: fruits are used for food, wood is a source of heat, building material, copra is produced from the oily endosperm of coconut palm nuts, which forms the basis of the export of the countries of this region. On the small islands of Oceania, primarily the atolls, mammals are almost never found: many of them are inhabited only by the small rat. But the local avifauna is very rich. Most of the atolls have bird colonies where seabirds nest. Among the representatives of the fauna of New Zealand, the most famous are the kiwi birds, which have become the national symbol of the country. Other endemics of the country are kea, kakapo, takahe. All the islands of Oceania are home to a large number of lizards, snakes and insects.

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IV. Population. Features of the settlement of Oceania The indigenous inhabitants of Oceania are the Polynesians, Micronesians, Melanesians and Papuans. Many languages \u200b\u200bof Oceania are on the verge of extinction. In everyday life, they are increasingly being replaced by English and French. Recently, in the countries of Oceania, the proportion of immigrants from Asia (mainly Chinese and Filipinos) has been increasing. For example, in the Northern Mariana Islands, the Filipinos account for 26.2% and the Chinese for 22.1%. The population of Oceania is mainly Christian, adhering to either the Protestant or Catholic branch.

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Economy Most of the countries of Oceania have a very weak economy, which is due to several reasons: limited natural resources, remoteness from world markets for products, a shortage of highly qualified specialists. Many states depend on financial assistance from other countries. The economy of most countries in Oceania is based on agriculture (copra and palm oil production) and fishing. Among the most important crops are coconut, bananas, breadfruit. Possessing huge exclusive economic zones and not having a large fishing fleet, the governments of Oceania countries issue fishing licenses to vessels of other states (mainly Japan, Taiwan, the USA), which significantly replenishes the state budget. The mining industry is most developed in Papua New Guinea, Nauru, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. Recently, measures have been taken to develop the tourism sector of the economy.

Oceania is the world's largest cluster of islands located in the western and central Pacific Ocean. When dividing the entire land mass into parts of the world, Oceania is usually united with Australia into a single part of the world, Australia and Oceania. The islands of Oceania are washed by numerous Pacific seas (Coral Sea, Tasman Sea, Fiji Sea, Koro Sea, Solomon Sea, New Guinea Sea, Philippine Sea) and Indian Oceans (Arafura Sea). The total area of \u200b\u200bthe islands is 1.26 million km² (together with Australia 8.52 million km²), the population is about 10.7 million people. (together with Australia 32.6 million people). Oceania is geographically subdivided into Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia; sometimes New Zealand is singled out

Countries of Oceania The modern political map of Oceania was formed for a long time. Many islands are still the possessions of the United States (Hawaiian Islands), Great Britain, France, Australia. Until the early 60s of the 20th century, there was one independent state - New Zealand, and now there are more than 10. The smallest is Nauru (one island), And Kiribati - 30 islands.

Natural features The islands of volcanic origin have mountainous terrain. Coral islands (atolls) are in the form of a solid or broken ring. There is a shallow lagoon in the center of the island. On some islands, copper, coal, phosphorites, oil, natural gas are mined. Most of the islands lie in the equatorial and tropical zones, so there are high temperatures and a lot of precipitation. In the past, the islands of Oceania were a single land, but as a result of the rise in the level of the World Ocean, a significant part of the surface was under water. The relief of these islands is mountainous and highly dissected. For example, the highest mountains of Oceania, including Mount Jaya (5029 m), are located on the island of New Guinea. Mount Jaya in Western New Guinea (Indonesia) is the highest point in Oceania.

Mineral resources of the islands On most of the islands of Oceania, there are no minerals, only the largest of them are being developed: nickel (New Caledonia), oil and gas (New Guinea island, New Zealand), copper (Bougainville island in Papua New Guinea), gold ( New Guinea, Fiji), phosphates (on most islands, deposits are almost or have already been depleted, for example, in Nauru, on the Banaba, Makatea islands). In the past, many islands in the region have been actively developing guano, decomposed seabird droppings that have been used as nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. On the ocean floor of the exclusive economic zone of a number of countries, there are large accumulations of ferromanganese nodules, as well as cobalt, but at the moment no development is being carried out due to economic inexpediency.

Economy of Oceania The main industry is tropical agriculture. Coconut palms are grown on the plantations. Tea coffee. Bananas, sugarcane, pineapples. Particularly prized is copra, the dried pulp of a coconut, from which coconut oil is obtained. The indigenous population breeds goats and pigs. The traditional occupation is fishing and other types of sea fishing. New Zealand is the only country in Oceania with a well-developed economy.

Vegetable and animal world The organic world is endemic and has a poor species composition. Coral islands are poor in wildlife, because there is little fresh water. There are many birds, New Guinea is home to echidnas, tree kangaroos, wingless kiwi birds, primordial gutters. There are no mammalian predators. The flora is not rich: palms, casuarinas, tree ferns, vines and coconut palms.

Oceania is home to both the indigenous population and immigrants from Europe. Asia, America, The indigenous inhabitants of the islands of Melanesia, the Papuans, belong to the equatorial race, and the Polynesians (Maori) represent a special group of peoples. The indigenous population carefully preserves their original culture. The Anglo-New Zealand nation was formed in New Zealand. Oceania population

What climatic zones is Australia in?
In which direction does the amount of precipitation decrease in

tropical belt, as well as Tasmania?

Why is Australia the driest continent?
What is the name of the plate on which Australia is located?
How are the landforms distributed over the mainland?
What minerals are mined in Australia?
Which part of the mainland is the most ancient?
What animals are depicted on the coat of arms of Australia?
What animals are depicted on Australian coins?
What is the name of the capital of Australia?
What is the name of the island, in southern Australia, wearing

the name of the animal, the symbol of Australia?

What is the name of the peninsula, in the northern part of the mainland, on

which is the endpoint of the same name?

Name the strait between Tasmania and Australia.
What is the name of the bay located between the peninsula

Arnhem Land and Cape York?

What is the westernmost point of Australia?
What natural structure is located in the eastern

the coast of Australia is its symbol?

List the oviparous animals.
Which medicinal plant in Australia has the leaves turned

chickpeas to the sun with an edge?

What is a scrub?
What are the drying up riverbeds in Australia called?
What are the largest river systems in Australia?

Oceania Are the islands lying in

central and southeast hour

the Pacific Ocean to the northeast

from Australia, between 28N. and 53y.sh

and 130.e. and 105 W

Oceania includes

7 thousand o-in total S 1.3

million sq. km Most of

o-in grouped

in the archipelagos: New

Zealand, Hawaii, Tuamotu,

Fiji, etc.

Part of the world Australia and Oceania are traditionally subdivided into the continental country Australia and the island world of Oceania.

Melanesia ("Black island") - Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji.

Micronesia ("Shallow island") - small coral islands.

Polynesia (multi-island ") - New Zealand, Hawaii, Tongo, Tuvalu.

For Europeans Oceania has become

known in the XVI century. since

the first round the world

processions of F. Magellan.

Huge contribution to

discovery of Oceania

contributed by James Cook.

Russian names in Oceania.

In Oceania visited

more than 40 Russian expeditions

under the direction of V.M. Golo-

vnina, F.P. Litke, S.O. Maka-

ditch, etc.

Russian islands in

nature and population of Oceania

Introduced by N.N. Miklukho-Maclay.

He made interesting descriptions

sania coast of the tropical

Miklukho Maclay.

He lived in this village.

He studied the life of local people

villages. Residents with respect

treated him.

Miklukho-Maclay was the only one

military European, who in

New Guinea was delivered

monument.

Maclay Coast

Oceania islands are very picturesque. Mountainous islands, flat atolls,

overgrown with slender palms, with a coastal strip of white coral

white or black volcanic sand is amazing.

coral

mainland

volcanic

1 - underwater volcano

2 - coral fouling of the volcano

3 - submersion of the volcanic base under water

Most of the islands of Oceania are surrounded by coral

families who take the blows of the formidable oceanic

these waves and dampen their gigantic strength.

Physical and geographical location

ness, size and origin

The islands are closely related to the structure

the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.

Most islands in Oceania

belongs to volcanic and

coral, some of them -

peaks of underwater ridges.

There are also mainland islands.

Position in a huge body of water, small size

land and remoteness, isolation of islands from mainland land

and from each other had a significant impact on the nature of the island.

In the past, the islands of Oceania were a single land, but as a result of the rise in the level of the World Ocean, a significant part of the surface was under water.

The relief of these islands is mountainous and highly dissected. For example, the highest mountains of Oceania, including Mount Jaya (5029 m), are located on the island of New Guinea.

Oceania climate warm, even,

soft, especially favorable

for human life.

Due to the position of the islands on both

sides of the equator temperature

the air is high, but the winds are from the ocean

significantly soften the heat.

Temperature fluctuations by

seasons and during the day

insignificant.

Air pressure change over

the vastness of the ocean leads

to frequent

hurricanes.

Isolation of the islands

most affected their

flora and fauna.

He is very peculiar. Poorer

all it is in small and comparable

very young bark

llv islands.

On the small islands of Oceania, especially the atolls, mammals are almost never found: many of them are inhabited only by the Polynesian rat. New Zealand and New Guinea are distinguished by the greatest diversity of fauna.

Among the representatives of the fauna of New Zealand, the most famous are the kiwi birds, which have become the national symbol of the country. Other birds that live there are kea, kakapo (or owl parrot), takahe (or wingless sultanka).