Trieste Italy - attractions, beaches, city on the map. Sights of Trieste, our impressions Where is Trieste
Trieste is an ancient city in the northeastern part of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), located 10 minutes drive from the official border with Slovenia (Slovenia). The city is a monument to various rulers and eras. The main attractions are streets, squares, palaces and museums that tell the story of Trieste's complex history.
What to see and where to go as an independent traveler?
The peculiarity of the city is the location of the central square near the embankment itself, so that from the windows of the palaces built around the square a view of the coast and the sea opens.
We recommend that you start your trip from the seaport territory of Molo Audache, named after the Italian destroyer ship Audache, which announced the incorporation of Trieste into Italy. On the pier is a statue of a sailor raising the flag of the Italian Republic over the city.
Lighthouse
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The building of the lighthouse appeared in the 1920s to perpetuate the memory of the sailors who died heroically in the First World War. Architect Arduino Berlama and sculptor Giovanni Maier worked on the project. At the top of the lighthouse, an image of Victory made of copper was installed, and at the bottom - a figure of a sailor and an anchor from the destroyer "Audace", which first came to Trieste in 1918.
The opening took place in 1927 in the presence of King Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele III).
United Italy Square
Unity Square (L'area del l'Unità d'Italia) borders the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Bay of Trieste (baia di Trieste) and the Molo Audace piers, on the other three sides are the buildings of the Government House (Palazzo del Governo) and other palaces.
The largest square in the world can be admired around the clock, because in the evening the lights turn on, turning the city by the sea into a fairy kingdom.
The square appeared in the 18th century on the site of port buildings, which surrounded the prison buildings and stables. Its first name is St. Peter's Square (Piazza San Pietro), then it was called Big (Piazza Grande). The current name was given to the square in 1918 after the incorporation of Trieste into Italy after the 550-year rule of the Habsburg dynasty.
You should definitely visit the square in the evening, when the blue lamps installed in the road surface light up: they show where the sea reached in the old days. There are 7 most luxurious palaces in the city around the square.
Sculpture of Charles VI
In the very center of L'area del l'Unità d'Italia stands a majestic column, erected in 1728 on the day of the arrival of Emperor Charles VI of Habsburg (Carlo VI d'Asburgo) with his image installed in 1754.
Charles VI played a significant role in the development of the city and its architectural appearance, turned Trieste into a "little Vienna". Karl's plans for transformation continued to be implemented by his daughter Maria Teresa, so that the city became a symbol of the power of the dynastic Habsburg family.
The Fountain of the Four Continents (Fontana dei Quattro Continenti), built in 1751 by Bergamo Mazzoleni, is located on Unity Square. The idea of \u200b\u200bthis building is to glorify the ruling dynasty.
Sculpted images of animals next to 4 female statues on the sides of the fountain depict the continents from which ships come to Trieste:
- The figure of a horse is a symbol of the European continent;
- Camel - Asia;
- Leo - Africa;
- Crocodile - America.
The symbol of the city of Trieste is the image of a female figure flying over the symbols of the continents., which hospitably welcomes guests from all over the world and symbolizes the Glory and prosperity of the city. The base of the fountain is decorated with shells and dolphins, allegorical images of the Nile River and other rivers and seas.
During the construction period, the fountain also had an elementary practical purpose - to serve as a source of clean fresh water for the townspeople and guests of Trieste.
The building of the City Hall (Palazzo del Municipio) was built on the foundations of the previous one by Giuseppe Bruni in 1875 and represents an original combination of features of several architectural styles. The architect wanted to reproduce the features of the original version and supplement them with modern details.
The building attracts attention with its eclecticism, lightness, grace, the desire to use the methods of constructing fashionable Parisian buildings in the appearance of the facade. The decoration of the turret at the top of the town hall is a clock with bronze images of the Moors Micheze and Jachezebeating off the time by striking the bell.
In this house in 1938, they received (Benito Mussolini), for his performance from the balcony of the palace they even moved the fountain on the square, which could obscure the speaker.
The town hall building has a popular nickname - Palazzo Sipario (curtain palace), as this building closed the old squalid quarters of the port city.
This palace, also called the Palazzo Lloyd, was built in 1881-83 by Heinrich von Ferstel for the banking firm Lloyd. The architect used Renaissance style (Rinascimento) to emphasize the greatness of the port of Trieste and its dominance over the seas.
The Palazzo Modello was built by Antonio Buttatstsoni and was conceived as a model and ideal for other urban buildings. The palace was built in 1870 on the site of the demolished buildings of the Church of St. Peter (Chiesa di S. Pietro) and the Cappella di St. Peter. Interestingly, the stained glass window from the church was moved to another church - San Bartolomeo in Barcola (San Bartolomeo in Barcola).
Until 1912, the building housed a fashionable hotel, and later and now - city services.
Palazzo Stratti was built by Antonio Buttazzoni in 1839 for the wealthy merchant Nikola Stratten, and in 1846 rebuilt according to the design of Elfrid Geiringer and Francesco Righetti. Since 1846, the house has been owned by the insurance company Assicurazioni Generali. The palace above is adorned with a stately balustrade and sculptures by Luigi Dzandomenegi.
The building is famous because it houses the Mirror Cafe (Caffè degli Specchi), opened in 1839, attracting visitors with its interior and delicacies.
The Palace of Government (Palazzo del Governo) was built in 1904-1905 under the direction of the Vienna-based architect Emil Hartmann in the fashionable Art Nouveau style. The house was intended for the commander-in-chief of the Austrian army, at the moment it is one of the buildings of the city administration.
The building is decorated with Murano glass mosaic panels and the image of the coat of arms of the Republic of Savoy (Repubblica Savoia), which replaced the coat of arms of Austria (Austria).
On the Grand Canal (Il Canal Grande) you can see the city from the inside. The idea of \u200b\u200bbuilding a canal, which will stretch from the harbor quarters to the city center with shops and shops, belongs to Maria Theresa of Austria.
In the second half of the 18th century, the canal was dug by hand, then decorated with bridges, and now you can ride on excursion boats.
The central cathedral (Basilica di San Giusto) is located on a small hill near Piazza Unity and the Grand Canal. The most valuable attraction here is the Cappella di El Escorial-Carlisti, where the tombs of the royal house of Spain are preserved, one of them appeared in 1975.
Miramare Castle
The Miramare Castle was built at the direction of Archduke Maximilian and was used as his residence. The style of construction was supposed to remind of the citadels of ancient Scotland, chivalrous times, heroic military campaigns. Maximilian personally took care of a huge garden with an area of \u200b\u200b22 hectares, planted plants in it, looked after them, he was a great connoisseur of art, and did a lot of charity work. In honor of Maximilian, a statue of him is installed in the park.
The fortress is located at the Miramare Marine Reserve, a natural protected area.
Revoltell Museum
The Museum of Revoltella (Museo Revoltella), built in 1858 by Friedrich Gittsig (Friedrich Gittsig), houses the Gallery of Modern Art (Galleria d'Arte Moderna).
Here are the works of famous painters:
- Francesco Hayes;
- Domenico Morelli;
- Giorgio Morandi;
- Giorgio de Chirico and others.
In the courtyard of the museum, the fountain of the nymph Aurizina by Pietro Magni, the symbol of the city, attracts attention.
Museums
Trieste is a city where it can take several days to visit all the museums. The most interesting are the following:
- Carlo Schmidl Theater and Music Museum, located in the Gopchevich Palace, built in the 19th century with windows overlooking the central canal, presents a collection of ancient instruments of the musician Carlo Schmidl and materials on the development of musical and theatrical art;
- Museum of Art and History and Garden of Stones (Civico Museo di Storia ed Arte ed Orto Lapidario)representing a collection of archaeological finds discovered during excavations of ancient cities (fragments of buildings and other artifacts);
- Museum of Ancient Roman Architectural and Sculptural Art - Lapidario Tergestinolocated in the castle building of the 15th century;
- Holocaust Museum "Risiera di San Sabba" (Museo della Risiera di San Sabba)occupying premises that were used as a concentration camp in 1943-1945, where more than 20 thousand Jewish prisoners were killed, and presenting documents of the terrible days of Nazism;
- Public Library (Biblioteca Civica)containing the Museum of Natural Sciences, the Museum of the English novelist James Joyce and the Museum of the Italian novelist and playwright of Jewish origin Italo Svevo;
- Aquarium (Acquario Marino)representing the inhabitants of ocean and sea waters.
The collections of museums tell about the different stages of the culture of Trieste. But the whole city is a kind of open-air museum.
The first mention of Trieste is found in the book "Notes on the Gallic War" (Giulio Cesare, "Memorie di guerra Gallica"). It is known that the city attracted the ancient Romans as a convenient port; the fortress walls around Trieste were built during the reign of the emperor (Ottaviano Augusto) in 33 BC. e.
The Teatro Romano was discovered in 1938 in the center of Trieste.
Despite the fact that only fragments of the theater have survived, which could accommodate 6,000 people who came to watch the gladiatorial battles, it makes a strong impression. The theater is used for its intended purpose, musical events are held here.
The Tranvia di Opicina tram line starts from Area Oberdan and runs from 7 am to 8 pm. The tram is at the same time a funicular going uphill and downhill. 4 cars have survived from the time of their release in 1935 and two more - in 1942.
At the top of the mountain is the village of Villa Opicina, which is actively visited by tourists.
Trieste invites travelers to visit the largest cave in the country - Grotta Gigante, 107 m wide, 130 m long, 65 m high. To get inside, you need to go down the stairs of 500 steps. The spectacle is exceptional: in the cave there are stalagmites 12 m high, especially beautiful with lighting. The cave is kept at a temperature of 12 ° C to ensure the smooth operation of the instruments.
After the cave, you can visit the Museum of Speleology, which contains interesting exhibits that tell about the geology of the region, as well as the finds of paleontologists.
Traveling around Trieste and sightseeing in the surrounding area will open up new pages of history and culture of the past and present, introduce you to the unique objects of nature. The historical and cultural image of Trieste is a harmonious unity of the features of Italian and Austrian architecture and is a fascinating dialogue of cultures, we recommend.
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The appearance of which was reflected in different eras, leaving Austrian and Slovenian features and traditions that have mixed in the cauldron of centuries with local customs, creating a modern Trieste full of charm, originality and eclecticism.
Trieste located in the gulf of the same name on the Adriatic Sea, near the border with Slovenia. The city lies on the border of the Italian and Istra peninsulas. The outside rio Ospois the geographical border separating Istria.
Often on a visit to Trieste, the famous bora wind, which is born in the mountains and descends to the city and the bay. Given the low temperatures in winter and high humidity, Bora is considered unpleasant. In rare cases, its speed reaches 160 km / h. Locals say: "Bora is born in the mountains and dies in Trieste"
... On the other hand, Bora is a kind of symbol of Trieste.
The territory of Trieste has been inhabited since ancient times. In the 1st century BC. Trieste was conquered by the Romans.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Trieste fell under the rule of Byzantium, and in 788 it was occupied by the Franks. Then power passed to the Bishop of Trieste, and in the XII century. the city became a free commune. After numerous battles, Trieste was conquered by Venice in 1283, but later conquered by partisan troops.
In 1382, Trieste came under the protection of the Dukes of Austria, maintaining autonomy until the end of the 17th century.
In 1470, Trieste withstood attacks by Turkish troops, despite the fact that nearby cities were damaged.
Numerous medieval documents mention the development of winemaking in Trieste. You can find this description: Trieste is a fortified borgo surrounded by a wall and vines.
In 1719 Trieste becomes an important port, the only one on the Adriatic coast in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. At this time, the number of residents is growing. In 1867, Trieste became the main city of the Austrian Primorye. During this period, sea trade developed, local merchants grew richer, creating a new bourgeois stratum. Trieste becomes a cosmopolitan city where foreign emigrants flock.
At the end of the 19th century, Trieste became part of a united Italy, but unrest against annexation erupted in the region, which was especially strong in the Slovenian ethnic group.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Italy was going through a number of difficulties that heated up the general situation. The attitude of the Austrians towards the Italian population of Trieste deteriorated greatly. At the end of the First World War, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Glorious was formed, which claimed the lands of Trieste, as well as Gorizia. It was a period of unrest and armed clashes.
In 1918, Trieste passed to Italy. But the economic situation left much to be desired.
With the onset of the era of fascism, repression of the Slovenian part of the population began, the Slovenian language was banned, Slovenian schools, newspapers, cultural centers were closed. Many Slovenes emigrated to neighboring Yugoslavia.
In 1943, Trieste was occupied by the Nazis, who created the so-called operational zone of the Adriatic coast (OZAK) under the rule of the Reichsgau from Carinthia. Trieste became the capital of this zone.
At this time, the San Sabba rice processing workshop became a Nazi prison, which was used for political prisoners and Jews. Now there is a museum within these walls.
In 1945, Yugoslav military units liberated Trieste, taking control of the city. In 1947, the free territory of Trieste was established, which the Morgan line divided into two parts: zone A, including the city of Trieste itself, was under the control of the Anglo-Americans, zone B was ruled by Yugoslav troops. In 1954, zone A came under the rule of Italy, and zone B - to Yugoslavia.
In 1963 the Friuli Venezia Giulia region was formed, trieste became the capital.
We will start our route in Trieste from the Canal Grande.
Grand Canal (Canal Grande) is one of the canals of Trieste, it is located in the very center of the city between the train station and the square piazza Unità d "Italia... The channel was realized in 1754-56. under the direction of the Venetian Matteo Piron. The waterway made it possible to quickly unload goods from arriving ships and send them to the city center for sale. The canal is still navigable. Previously, the canal was longer, it reached right up to the Church of St. Antonio, but in 1934 it was "shortened" by breaking up St. Antonio Square ( piazza Sant "Antonio).
Several palaces overlook the canal. For example, the red "skyscraper" - the Palazzo Aedes, erected in 1928, the Palazzo Gopcevic (1850), the façade of which is made with red and yellow ornament, now it houses a theater museum.
Palazzo Carciotti was built in 1805 for the Greek merchant Demetrius Carciotti. Later, various governing bodies were located in the luxurious palace, and now the offices of the city government. The building attracts attention with its monumental facade and dome, which several years ago suffered from strong gusts of wind.
Three bridges cross the Grande Canal.
The Red Bridge was the first to be built on the canal in 1756, while the structure was wooden, in 1832 the bridge was made of iron. Here is a statue of the Irish writer James Joyce, commemorating his stay in Trieste.
The green bridge is located at the beginning where the channel flows into the sea. It was built from iron in 1858. The White (or New) Bridge was built nearby, along which trains passed. Later, the two bridges were combined into one.
The “colored” names of the bridges refer to the times when the structures were painted in different shades.
The pedestrian bridge appeared in 2012, it connects the streets via Cassa di Risparmio and via Trento... The steel structure is fitted with glass railings.
A small square area adjoins the Grand Canal piazza Ponterosso (Piazza del Ponte Rosso)with a funny fountain by Giovanni Battista Mazzoleni (1753)
Attention is drawn to the imposing domed church. it serbian Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity and St. Spiridione (Santissima Trinità e di San Spiridione)... The church was erected in 1869 by the architect Carl Machakini on the site of a previously existing temple. The church was built according to the Byzantine canons and is distinguished by luxurious interior decoration. The large silver chandelier hanging at the entrance is a gift from the Russian Emperor Paul I. Father welcomes visitors from Russia, inviting them to the service.
Let's take a look at the historic cafe of Trieste Stella Polare ("Polar Star"), which is located near the temple, at the intersection of via Dante with the canal.
Coffee and Trieste are linked by a strong historical thread. Here, at the seaport, ships loaded with coffee beans arrived to spread throughout Europe in the form of a cup of aromatic coffee. The first coffee bottegs began to open in Trieste in the second half of the 18th century, by the 1930s. there were 54 cafes, and at the beginning of the 20th century their number increased to 98. The Viennese model was taken as a basis: the cafe was a prestigious place where you can meet friends, discuss a book or a newspaper news.
The funny thing is that Trieste has its own "Coffee slang"
, which is not used anywhere else in Italy.
So, if you want to order an espresso, do not rush to say "espresso" or "cafe" so as not to catch the haughty gaze of the barista, the correct option is "Nero" or "nero in bi"
if you want to get an espresso in a glass cup. Macchiato converts to "capo"
(and "capo in bi"), and decaf coffee - "Deck"
.
For a workout, try a decaf macchiato. (hint - "Capo deca"
)
Stella Polare Cafe was opened in 1865, but changed location several times before settling here. The cafe is designed in a typical Austro-Hungarian style, with an abundance of decorations and mirrors. The cafe was popular with merchants and the creative intelligentsia. Today exhibitions of painting and photography are constantly held here.
Open: 7-21, Sunday closed. Via Dante, 4
On the other side of the square, on via XXX Ottobre in house number 3 there are confectionery "La Bomboniera", founded in 1875 by a family of Hungarian Jews. The old pastry shops form a special part of the history of Trieste. They began to open during the Austrian period and were very similar to Viennese establishments in their style and selection of sweets.
At La Bomboniera you can taste the traditional Hungarian Dobos cake, consisting of six layers of sponge cake with chocolate cream and caramel glaze, named after the Hungarian pastry chef Jozsef Dobos; the popular "Sacher" - a glazed chocolate cake invented by Austrian confectioner Franz Sacher (and modified into the Soviet "Prague"); Linz almond cake with jam; local puttizzu and other sweets.
La Bomboniera. via XXX Ottobre 3. open: 9-13 / 17-20, closed: Monday and Sunday afternoons.
La Bomboniera confectionery and Sachertorte. Trieste
Then we will walk along the embankment riva tre novembre.
Here is the Greek church of St. Nicholas (San Nicolo dei Greci).
During the Austrian rule, Trieste was a free port, in which freedom of religion was approved at the legislative level. Therefore, churches of different confessions are widely represented in the city.
The Greek Orthodox Church was erected at the end of the 18th century; its facade is made in a neoclassical style.
In the neighboring house number 5 there is another historical cafe Tommaseo... The exact date of the founding of the cafe is unknown, but in 1830 it was reopened after renovation. The owner at that time was Tomaso Marcato, and the cafe was named after him. In 1848, the cafe received its current name Tommaseo, in honor of the writer and patriot from Dolmatia. A portrait of the writer and several of his books have survived, as well as a commemorative inscription, which says that the cafe was the local center of the movement for the liberation of Italy. Now the cafe offers a wide selection of sweets, a buffet, and a bar specializing in cocktails.
Live concerts and art exhibitions are held Thursday through Saturday evenings.
A rectangular square surrounded by historic buildings overlooks the bay. There are impressive buildings around - the city hall, regional government, prefecture and other historical buildings.
At first, the Unification of Italy Square was called Piazza San Pietro, after the name of the church that existed here. Then they renamed the Big Square, and in 1918 it received its real name. The square acquired its modern look in 2001-2005, at the same time the buildings were restored and the original covering in the form of sandstone blocks was restored.
Piazza Unità d "Italia is the largest square in Italy overlooking the sea. If someone thinks of Venice and San Marco, it is a lagoon, not an open sea. Here in the heart of Trieste is the Old Port, which is still then it functions.
There is a statue of a soldier on the pier, who runs straight out of the water with a flying flag in his hands. And next to them are two "babes", which means "elderly women" in the Trieste dialect, who sew Italian flags. Apparently, to mark the annexation to Italy after 536 years spent in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
In the center of Piazza Unità d "Italia is the Four Continents fountain, erected in 1751-54. Four statues symbolize Europe, Asia, Africa and America; water flows down the channels of four allegorical rivers. Above is a female figure with open arms, which depicts Trieste In 1938, Trieste was visited by Mussolini and the fountain was removed from the square to make way for it, and it was not until 1970 that it returned to its historic site.
The most significant building in Trieste is the Palazzo Lloyd Trestino, where the governing body of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia is located. At first the building belonged to a ship-owning company, the first stone was laid in 1880. The façade of the palazzo is decorated with allegorical figures.
The building of the City Hall is decorated with a tower with two bronze Moors, which chime every quarter of an hour. The figures are copies, the originals are kept in the Museum of the Castle of San Giusto. Initially, the locals did not like the palazzo terribly, but later they resigned themselves to the construction. In 1938, Benito Mussolini delivered a speech from the central balcony of the city hall.
The palazzo of the Austrian Viceroyalty is now home to the prefecture. It is decorated with a mosaic depicting the coat of arms of the Savoy dynasty and typical characters. The palazzo was erected in 1905, the mosaics date back to the 1920s.
At the top of the Palazzo Stratti is a sculptural group that symbolizes Trieste, fortune and progress. The building was built in 1839, it houses historic Café Specchi, i.e. cafe of mirrors. It was founded in 1839 by the Greek Nikolo Priovolo. The cafe immediately gained popularity due to its central location. Inside there is an important historical evidence - part of the castle wall, built by the Venetians in 1370. Café Specchi hosts art exhibitions.
Surprisingly, espresso mirrors cafe, i.e. nero is served with a small glass filled with a sweet, nutty mixture. Pouring it into hot coffee, you can get a kind of Neapolitan coffee alla nochchola. Asking our friend from Trieste (Giorgio, hello!)Whether such coffee is typical for these places received a widespread answer, the meaning of which was that "in Trieste, everyone makes coffee differently, so there are many options."
The cafe is open: from March 1st to mid-January every day. From November to March from 8.00 to 21.00, the rest of the time from 8.00 to 24.00. Trieste, Piazza Unità d "Italia 7
A small street between the prefecture and Palazzo Stratti leads to piazza della Borsa - Marketplace.
Piazza della Borsa is considered one of the main squares of Trieste. At first it was called the Customs Square, after the eponymous building located here. In 1806 the Stock Exchange was built here and the square changed its name. This building now houses the Chamber of Commerce, Industry, Crafts and Agriculture. The Piccolo Canal (Small Canal) once ran along its side, but only the name of the street has survived from it, the waterway was buried in 1816. Opposite is a statue of Leopold I of Austria, son of Charles VI. The square is dominated by the Neptune Fountain, which moved to this place in 2008.
The Market Square is surrounded by numerous palazzo. One of the most interesting is the Bartoli house, made in the Liberty style in 1905.
On the square at number 15 there is historic cafe Urbanis, opened in 1832. If you've already got your share of caffeine, it's worth stopping by to admire the mosaic floor; among the mythological figures is Bora, who blows the famous wind from his thick cheeks.
After visiting the ruins of the Roman theater, we will go further along via del Teatro Romano... Most of the houses on this street look like ordinary rectangular boxes, but after a few meters on the left side it soars high church of Santa Maria Maggiore, to which long steps lead. The temple was built in 1627-82. in the Baroque style, it belongs to the Jesuits.
Near, just below is church of Saint Sylvester (San Silvestro), which is one of the oldest early Christian basilicas. On the site of the foundation was the house of the martyrs Tekla and Ephemiah Now the church belongs to the evangelists. Inside, there is an 18th century iron crucifix, a marble plaque with a biblical scene and traces of frescoes.
Cathedral of Saint Giusto (Cattedrale di San Giusto) rises on the hill of the same name. It was erected in 1302-1320. on the site of an older church. The facade of the cathedral is decorated with a huge rosette window. Bronze busts of three bishops were added in 1862. Frescoes and mosaics have been preserved inside the cathedral.
The temple makes a stunning impression, from the rough karst stone, which made the facade, to the interior decoration and frescoes.
Right behind the cathedral is fortress of San Giusto (Castello di S. Giusto).
The first mention of the castle dates back to the 15th century. The fortress was erected by Frederick III of Habsburg during the war against Venice. Later the castle was rebuilt, expanded and fortified several times. And in 1930 the fortress became a tourist attraction.
Now a museum is open here, unfortunately, it is impossible to visit absolutely all the premises of the castle. But here you can see some of the symbols of Trieste. For example, halberd.
The Halberd of Saint Sergius is the symbol of Trieste... Sergius lived in the 2nd century AD, he was a Roman officer, but secretly converted to Christianity. When Sergius was called to court, he told his friends that in case of his death there would be a sign. Sergius and his friend Bacchus were tortured, during which Bacchus died and Sergius was beheaded. This happened on October 7th. And on the same day, a halberd fell in the clear sky over Trieste, which became the symbol of the city. This halberd will not rust and tarnish. According to legend, it was made from a fallen meteorite.
Despite the fact that the biographies of Sergius and Bacchus cause many doubts among historians, even to the extent that they are accused of homosexual relationships, the worship of these saints is developed in many countries. IN
Trieste (Italian: Trieste) is the most beautiful city in the North-East of Italy, they call it “little Vienna by the sea”. Trieste is one of the largest cruise ports not only in Italy but also in Europe.
Trieste is also a mixture of religions. For centuries, the city has been faithful to the Greek Orthodox Church, followed by the Serbian Orthodox Church, the synagogue, the Lutheran Evangelical Church, and the oldest of all, the Swiss Evangelical Church.
It is not for nothing that Trieste is called the city of three states, “the most non-Italian city”. All due to the fact that the city was part of Austria for almost 600 years and this affected the appearance of Trieste. The proximity of Slovenia and Germany also affected the culture and language of this area. Until now, the city has a whole quarter called the "Austrian Quarter".
Trieste is located in the region. On the map of Italy, Trieste can be found on the East coast of the Gulf of Trieste (Italian: Golfo di Trieste), on the border with Slovenia.
It is only 10-11 km from the Slovenian border to the center of Trieste - a distance that is easy to cover even without transport.
Location of Trieste on the map of Italy
A bit of history
Already in the second millennium BC. throughout the province of Trieste, from the plateau to the sea, there was a place of early historical settlements - forts. These were very small villages, set on hills and protected by stone fortifications.
In 50 BC. a small fishing village became a Roman colony. The settlement was surrounded by powerful walls, and then important buildings such as the forum and the theater were built, the remains of which are still visible on the hill of San Giusto.
Trieste was the main sea outlet of the Habsburg Empire, which recognized the status of a free port in 1719.
Since the 18th century, the port of Trieste has been the most important point in the Mediterranean for the coffee bean trade. Coffee comes here not only for local needs, but is also sold all over the world.
During the Second World War, a concentration camp was located in Trieste. And the city became part of Italy only in 1954. Today the port remains the most important for international transit of goods.
What to see
Trieste is the place in Italy when, having arrived here, you can get acquainted with many sights at once and see the combination of the cultures of this city.
What you need to see in Trieste first of all:
Admire the magnificent city of Trieste by watching the video:
Read more about the sights of Trieste read
Trieste is famous for its museums:
- On Via Diaz 27 - Museo Revoltella, where you can view the saved interiors and art objects from 10:00 - 19:00. Entrance € 7;
- Railway Museum Via Giulio Cesare 1. Visit on Wednesday 09:00 - 13:00 and Sat - Sun 09:00 - 13:00. Entrance € 5. Website: http://www.museoferroviariotrieste.it/
- Museum of Naturelocated on Via Dei Tominz 4. Opening hours: 10:00 - 16:30. Entrance 3 euros.
Events and Holidays
Trieste hosts every January Film Festival, featuring films from Central and Eastern Europe.
The city often hosts photo contests, music and jazz, and theater festivals. Participants come from all over the world.
Gastronomic fairs: holiday of olive oil, strawberries, in April - flower festival.
In September held craft market. Local craftsmen show off their skills and sell homemade goods.
The main holiday of the city is November 3, feast of San Giusto, patron saint of Trieste.
Where to stay
In Italy, in particular in the hotels of Trieste, comfortable conditions are not only in the fashionable "five-star" hotels, but also in very modest, economical B and B.
Some of the best, according to tourists' reviews:
If you plan to go by ferry from Trieste, it is convenient to stay at the hotel:
- Grand Hotel Duchi D'Aosta, on Piazza Unità d'Italia, 2/1. Antique furniture, restaurant on the water. Price per room from 16,000 rubles. Website: http://www.duchi.eu/
- Starhotels Savoia Excelsior Palace - refined and elegant, located in a palace on Riva del Mandracchio 4. Due to the port's proximity, the balconies offer stunning views. Price from 13000 rubles / day. Website: http://www.starhotels.com/
Local cuisine and restaurants
The centuries-old influence of Austria-Hungary has clearly left its mark on the familiar cuisine of Trieste. When visiting restaurants in the city, you might think that you have arrived in Vienna or Prague. But the proximity of the sea made it possible to add an alternative to meat. There are potatoes and vegetables typical for Central Europe in local dishes, Jota bean soup is often prepared, from potatoes, bread, eggs and ham, pork with sauerkraut, corn and beans are used.
Sweets - apple strudel, putizza with sweet nut filling.
Apple strudel is one of Trieste's favorite treats
- Chimera di Bacco - Mediterranean restaurant, on Via del Pane 2. Taste the octopus (polpo). Average check from 80 euros;
- Scabar - a country restaurant on Erta di Sant'Anna, 63 with a beautiful view from the hill where it is located. Offers Italian cuisine, seafood.
It is advised to try the flowers of zucchini in batter (Italian fiori di zucca fritti), a mix of seafood.
Average check from 3000 rubles;
- Best pizza in Trieste in Pizzeria da gino on Via Giovanni Pascoli 26 / A. Wood stove. 750 rubles - average bill;
- At the intersection of Via Giovanni Boccaccio 20 and Near the Train Station, 34 - Osteria Al Tempo Perso.Try shrimp linguini, tuna on a rucola pillow. Average check from 700 rubles;
- Family small restaurant Hostaria G. Strehler on Via Giorgio Strehler 5 / A. Local cuisine is served. Try the green risotto with seafood, apple cake, the average bill is about 700 rubles.
Climate
The climate of Trieste is typical Mediterranean. The proximity to the sea guarantees mild winters and hot summers.
The typical Mediterranean climate guarantees a comfortable stay in Trieste both in winter and in summer
However, it is worth distinguishing the weather in the cities of the coastal zone from the villages that are 200 to 500 meters above sea level. There is a clear continental climate here.
The winter weather in Trieste is very mild and humid. Temperatures of the coldest months - January / December 4 - 8C. November is the rainiest month.
Summer temperatures in July / August are around 23 - 28C.
Things to do
Thermal waters for relaxation and health:
The most famous beaches in Italy are in, and. But in Trieste there are wonderful places by the sea:
- Beach near Miarmare Castle - Barcola (Italian Barcola). Despite the fact that it is located in the city, the water is clear, green embankment. Minus - crazy traffic and crowds of people;
- Unique beach of Trieste - Bagni comunali Lanternа on Molo Fratelli Bandiera 3.
A rarity is that the beach is separated by a wall that divides vacationers into men and women with children.
Entrance € 1, easily accessible by public transport;
- Bagno ausonia - "beach on stilts", as the inhabitants of Trieste call it. Located on Riva Traiana 1, next to the Railway Museum.
Shopping
Many people do not think about spending their holidays in Italy without shopping, without shopping.
The most interesting shopping streets in Trieste:
- Via S. Nicolò (clothes, shoes);
- Corso Italia;
- Via Amilcare Ponchielli.
There are many shopping spots in Trieste
Le Torri D'Europa - a shop on Via Bartolomeo D'Alviano, 23, with a wide variety of products.
There is a large outlet 11 km from Trieste - Diffusione Tessile Muggia, at Strada Provinciale Farnei, 42, in the town of Farnei. Website: it.diffusionetessile.com
How to get there
There are several ways to get to Trieste.
By plane
39 km from the center of Trieste is located friuli airport (Italian: Trieste Airport Friuli Venezia Giulia). Website aeroporto.fvg.it.
Venice airport Marco Polo located 147 km from Trieste. Trieste is easily accessible by train or bus. The trip will last approximately 2 hours by train (price about 13 €) and by bus - 02 hours 10 minutes, average ticket price € 20.00.
By car
To Trieste, the road leads from the north of Italy - the E70 highway, the large E61 and A1 highways from Slovenia.
From Ljubljana (Slovenia) to Trust, a distance of 104 km, passing through the state border at Fernetti (SS 58 highway), can be covered in just over 1 hour.
When approaching Trieste, you can leave your car in the parking lot and go down to the city center on an old tram.
The distance from Trieste to the Slovenian resort of Portorož is 38 km. By car, the road takes 35 minutes.
The Italian Roads website will help you understand the route and toll sections. http://www.autostrade.it/i
Train
Trains run to Trieste Central Station (Freedom Square 8) from all major cities in Italy and nearby Vienna, Ljubljana, etc.
Train Venice - Trieste travels 1.30 - 3.00 hours, ticket price 13 - 27 euros.
The Vienna - Trieste train takes 7-10 hours and the ticket costs from 76.50 euros.
By waterway
Trieste can be reached by ferry from Slovenia and Croatia.
Useful sites: for communication with Slovenia and Croatia http://www.triestelines.it/
With Greece http://www.minoantrieste.it/
Italy Ferries https://www.traghettitime.it/it/traghetti-italia/trieste/prt; http://www.ferries.it/traghetti_da_trieste.html.
Trieste can be reached by ferry
By bus
Ljubljana (Slovenia) - Trieste distance 93 km. By bus, you can get from the Ljubljana bus station to the Trieste bus station in 1 hour 35 minutes, the ticket costs from 11.90 euros, three flights a day.
On the website https://shop.flixbus.com/ you can calculate the time and cost of travel by bus to Trieste from the main European cities.
The website: www.autostazionetrieste.it will help you deal with international bus routes.
From Porec (Croatia) to Trieste (Piazza Della Liberta 9), 92 km by bus in 2:11 min, ticket price 7 euros (68.00 Croatian kuna).
Neighborhood
While in Trieste, you can go to nearby cities that are just as interesting.
For example, such as:
- Town Mooja 13 km. Beautiful pier and beach, old catholic church;
- Borgo Grotte Gigante (Borgo Grotta Gigante) 15 km away, interesting because there is an unusual cave-museum (http://www.grottagigante.it/);
- 11 km to the South is the city San Dorligo della Valle.
Mountain rivers and red roofs, suburban restaurants with natural landscapes and natural products;
- Duino 25 km away, where you can visit the ancient castle (Castello di Duino). Website http://castellodiduino.it/index2.php
Trieste is one of the historical centers of northeastern Italy, formed under the influence of Latin, Slavic and Germanic cultures.
People have been building their settlements here since the 2nd millennium BC. e. The most famous are the Illyrians, in the X-IX centuries. BC e. - Adriatic Veneti, which named their settlement Tergeste (trading place).
Ancient Rome captured Tergeste in 177 BC. e. during the Istrian War. Even then, the city stood at the crossroads of the most important Mediterranean trade routes. In the 50s. BC e. the Roman colony of Trieste (Tragester) was mentioned by Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) in the "Notes on the Gallic War". In 33 BC. e. during the reign of Emperor Octavian, the first city walls were erected, the bay was expanded to receive ships, important roads stretched nearby.
In the V-IX centuries. Trieste, which has not lost its importance as a port and trade center, was conquered by the Ostrogoths, Byzantines, Lombards and Franks. This lasted until, in 1202, it was captured by the Venetian Republic.
In 1382, the inhabitants of Trieste, subjected to constant oppression by the Venetians, requested protection from Leopold III of Habsburg (1351-1386), Duke of Austria. Leopold immediately took Trieste from, and the city became one of the oldest parts of all the possessions of the Habsburg monarchy.
Taking into account the enormous foreign trade value of Trieste, in 1719 Charles VI of Habsburg granted him the status of a free imperial city: Trieste was directly subordinate to the Habsburg who sat on the throne and paid taxes not to local feudal lords, but to the monarch.
In 1719 Trieste received the status of a free port and continued to grow rich: it was used to export goods from the southern (Slavic) lands of the Habsburg Empire.
Happiness turned away from Trieste in 1809: it was captured by France, it was occupied until 1814 and was part of the Illyrian provinces. On their bayonets, the French army brought revolutionary ideas, the whole of the 19th century. in Trieste there was an anti-Austrian movement, for which the Habsburgs in 1891 deprived the city of the status of a free port.
True, by that time the city had already grown 30 times, became one of the largest ports in the Mediterranean and the center of the Austrian Riviera, where the upper strata of Viennese society spent the winter season.
From 1813 to 1918, Trieste was also the capital of the Austrian Primorye - the crown land of the Habsburg monarchy. Two-thirds of the city's population was made up of Italians, who were extremely anti-Austrian. During the First World War, there were fierce battles between Italians and Austrians. Italy took Trieste away from Austria, and Austria finally lost access to the sea.
During the Second World War, in 1943-1945, Trieste was under German occupation and was heavily bombed by the Allies. After the war, until 1954, the city was called the Free Territory of Trieste, while it and the lands around it were divided by the allies and the Yugoslavs. In 1954, Trieste became part of Italy.
History and the current hell minister of the active-political state of Trieste determined its geographical position between two enemies from the early Middle Ages to the Second World War - Austria and Italy.
In Trieste, dozens of languages \u200b\u200band peoples mixed in the most bizarre way, and each of the representatives of these peoples has every right to claim that he is the indigenous inhabitant of Trieste.
Being a part of Austria-Hungary affected the appearance of Trieste, which retained the external features of a typical Austrian city (after all, Trieste was part of Austria for almost 600 years) with artsy-style houses that form a whole area called the Austrian Quarter. In Italy itself, Trieste is considered the most "non-Italian" city of the country, citing two facts in confirmation: the central part of the city was built up according to the plan of the Austrian Archduchess Maria Theresa (1717-1780), and Trieste officially became part of modern Italy later than all other cities in the country - only in 1954
Another striking detail is the large, even by Mediterranean standards, variety of coffee shops. The townspeople calling themselves "triestini" claim that it was from their city that coffee began to be imported into Europe.
For the inhabitants of Eastern Europe, Trieste is the northern gateway of Italy, and it is not surprising that so many people from the Balkan countries live here. And the state border with Slovenia is not far from the city, and it is quite possible to reach it on foot. The proximity to the border is also expressed in the fact that, despite the fact that the official language here is Italian, the inscriptions on street signs and signs in Trieste are usually made in two languages: Italian and Slovenian.
Due to its extremely advantageous geographical position in terms of commodity exchange, Trieste has become a center of foreign trade for the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe. The city is the most important point of the so-called "Corridor 5" transport linking Western and Eastern Europe through Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Ukraine and Bosnia.
Today Trieste is one of the richest regions in the country.
In addition to a large seaport, there is an oil terminal in Trieste, from which the Transalpine pipeline stretches to Germany, through which imported oil is transported, as well as oil products obtained at city oil refineries.
Trieste is a large industrial center of the Adriatic, where they produce ship engines, build and repair ships, produce glass, paper and jute products.
The main and most romantic attraction of Trieste is the Miramare Castle (Castello Miramare). The castle was built on a prominent rock in the vicinity of Trieste, designed by the extremely talented architect Karl Juncker. It is difficult to define the style of the castle, sometimes it is called historical romanticism: there are noticeable motives of the Gothic, Arabian, Byzantine, Romanesque and Renaissance styles. The construction customers and owners were the Austrian Archduke Maximilian (future emperor of Mexico) and his wife Charlotte of Belgium. All the halls of the castle face the sea (and the name translates as "Looking at the sea") and are illuminated by the sun all day. The castle has survived, and the fate of its owners is tragic: being the emperor of Mexico, Maximilian was shot by the republicans, and Charlotte had reason.
The pride of all triestines is the main branches of the largest international scientific organizations located in the city: the International Center for Theoretical Physics, the International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, as well as the branch of the National Institute of Nuclear Physics.
general information
Location: northeastern Italy.Administrative status: a city in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region, the capital of the province of Trieste, Italy.
Administrative division: 7 districts.
Languages: standard Italian - official, Friulian, Venetian Trieste, Slovenian, German.
Ethnic composition: Italians, immigrants from Slovenia, Serbia, Albania, Romania.
Religions: Catholicism, Orthodoxy.
Currency unit: euro.
Numbers
Area: 85.11 km 2.Population: 204,547 (2015).
Population density: 2403.3 people / km 2.
Average altitude above sea level: 2 m.
Distance: 145 km east of Venice.
Climate and weather
Transitional from humid subtropical to Mediterranean.Average January temperature: + 3 ° C.
Average temperature in July: + 20 ° C.
Average annual rainfall: 1000 mm.
Relative humidity: 65%.
Economy
Industry: shipbuilding, oil refining, metallurgical, chemical, cement, glass, food.Sea port.
Pipeline.
Service sector: tourism, transport, trade, educational (University of Trieste).
■ In the 1st century. Pliny the Elder (22 / 24-79) wrote about Trieste as a large port and commercial city in his Natural History.
■ On May 1-2, 1945, Trieste was liberated and occupied by units of the Yugoslav People's Liberation Army. A week later, on June 9, 1945, the Anglo-American troops entered the city with the intention of preventing Yugoslavia from occupying the areas surrounding Trieste. The fate of Trieste, through an incredibly difficult and confusing diplomatic game, was decided in favor of Italy.
■ The Free Territory of Trieste (Free State of Trieste) from 1947 to 1954 was officially considered a UN mandate territory. The UN Security Council thus tried to maintain a balance in this multinational region and reduce the risk of territorial conflicts between Italy and Yugoslavia. The territory was ruled by military governors: an American, an Englishman and a Yugoslav. The territory was divided by the so-called "Morgan Line" (named after British General William Morgan) into Anglo-American Zone A (Trieste and adjacent coastal areas) and Yugoslavian Zone B (part of the Istrian coast). On October 5, 1954, an agreement was signed in London, according to which Zone A was annexed to Italy, and Zone B to Yugoslavia. For all eight years of its existence, the territory, not being an independent state, had its own currency (Trieste lira) and postage stamps.
For some reason, tourists undeservedly ignore the port city on the shores of the Adriatic Sea, preferring Rome or Milan. But if you stay in Trieste for at least a couple of days, then this resort with a rich historical past will reveal many of its secrets and show the atmosphere of true Italy.
general information
"Three Faces", "City of Three Cultures", "Triune" - this is not a complete list of the names of Trieste. The fact is that it combines three cultures: slovenian, Austrian and, in fact, Italian. This can be clearly seen while walking around the city: many of the house signs and street signs are written not only in Italian, but also in Slovenian.
The history of the city dates back to the time of Ancient Rome, when it was first mentioned (albeit under the name Tergest) in Caesar's travel notes. The construction of the city began with the fortress walls. under Octavian Augustus, in 33 BC. Later, the emperor ordered to build a bay for ships, and from that moment the development of the seaport began.
In the Middle Ages, the Huns became the owners of Trieste, then the Byzantines. The hottest disputes over the city were between Italy and Austria-Hungary: in the XII century the city came under the influence of the Venetian Republic, and in the XIV century it was taken over by the Austrian Empire. If under the Austrians there was an active development of trade and economy, then by the time Trieste again ceded to the power of Italy, he began to develop as a seaport, a convergence point for many international trade routes - the main port of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty.
What to see?
The sights of the city of Trieste in Italy stand out in that in their architectural appearance many styles and directions are mixed, as you can see from the photo. Each era left its heritage to the city: an ancient Roman amphitheater was preserved in memory of the times of Ancient Rome, the Middle Ages are palaces and castles, and the entire central square of Unity is the real Austria.
Unity Square is the only square in Europe with direct access to the sea... The entire perimeter of the square is surrounded by palaces and architectural structures made in various styles: the Government Palace, Pitteri Palace, Modello Palace, the statue of King Charles VI and others.
The centerpiece of the square is large fountain of the four continents(4 figures symbolize 4 continents, and the absence of the fifth - Australia - is explained by the fact that at the time of the creation of the monument, Australia had not yet been discovered). In the original version, the area was landlocked - a park was located on the site of the future descent to the sea. But in the 18th century, the Austrian Duchess Maria Theresa came up with the idea to "turn the city towards the sea."
Big Channel is, it turns out not only in Venice: Trieste also boasts a similar structure. The canal connects the sea with St. Anthony's square.
Earlier, merchant ships passed freely through this canal, today the canal is partially drained. There are shops and numerous cafes on both sides of the canal.
The public library is not just a library with rich book collections, but also several mini-museums (including the Natural Science Museum and the Museum of the writer James Joyce).
Ancient Roman amphitheater with a capacity of about 6,000 seats inherited the city from the Roman Empire. Built at the Yusteau hill more than 2 thousand years ago (1st-2nd centuries AD), it has survived quite well, which allows it to periodically hold various kinds of events and festivals.
Palaces and castles
Natural beauty
Grotto (cave) of giants- a unique natural landmark. To admire the huge stalagmites, you need to climb more than 500 steps down. The temperature in the cave is only about 12 degrees, so you should bring a windbreaker or long sleeve jacket with you.
More details about the cave can be found on the official website - http://www.grottagigante.it. Guided tour costs 12 euros.
Find out better by taking a look at the photo of this unusual attraction and finding out how you can visit it.
To visit Italy, you need to obtain a Schengen visa. Find out if it is possible and how to get an Italian visa for 2 years at once,.
Museums
Churches and cathedrals
