Upland village. Description of the Highlands (Yaroslavl region) History of the Yaroslavl Highlands

Upland village. Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord Having once arrived to take pictures of a new church under construction, I saw that an excavator was working on the construction site. Renting construction equipment allows you to replace manual labor with mechanized and speed up construction at times, in this case, thanks to heavy equipment, earthworks will be completed as soon as possible (from the editor of the site). Upland is a large old trading village. At the beginning of the XVII century. there were two churches in it: “The Transfiguration of Spasovo Drevyan dumplings, the top is tented, stands without singing”, and on the river. Melenka graveyard with the church of St. Nicholas of Myra with a side chapel of the Great Martyr Irina (there are no icons, no books, no church utensils in the side chapel), the building of the patrimonial Dmitry Andreyevich Zamytsky, who in 1570-1572. was the viceroy in Mtsensk. When Tsar John Vasilyevich went in 1572 from the Alexander Sloboda against the Crimean Khan to Tula and Dedilov, D.A. was in the advanced regiment with Ivan Mikhailovich Morozov. Zamytsky, "and the people with them were on their lists." In 1573, Dmitry Andreevich was governor in Staritsa. In 1574, an army was sent under Pernov with the Kazan tsar Simeon Bekbulatovich, a detachment of Nogais was under the command of Zamytsky. In 1575, Zamytsky was one of the heads on the Myshega in the right hand of Prince Ivan Yuryevich Golitsyn; in 1576 in Novgorod in a large regiment with the boyar Ivan Vasilievich Sheremetev, in 1579 - governor and governor in Ryazhsk. In 1580 regiments were stationed in Rzhev; the governors of the advanced regiment were Prince Vasily Agishev of Tyumen and Zamytsky; Prince Feodor Alexandrovich Masalsky was appointed in his place, and Zamytsky was ordered to be in Toropets. In 1581, after the Lithuanians burned Staraya Rusa, the tsar sent other governors to replace the former ones, including Dimitri Andreevich. The Lithuanians came to Staraya Rusa for the second time and lit it, the voivode Prince Turenin was taken prisoner, because the rest of the voivodes (two Saltykovs and Zamytsky) “ran, and Prince Vasily was given out.” In 1582, Zamytsky described the lands of the Derevskaya Pyatina (in the Novgorod region) and in the same year was a siege governor in Ruza. In 1583, in mid-April, troops were sent to the Volga, Prince Ivan Samsonovich Turenin and Zamytsky commanded a large regiment. Together with the governors of the advanced regiment, they set up a prison in Kozmodemyansk. In 1594, Zamytsky made notches together with Kuzma Osipovich Bezobrazov. In 1597, he was present at the reception of Burgrave Danavsky by Tsar Boris, at that time bearing the title of hunter. Last time D.A. Zamytsky is mentioned in the documents of 1602. when he was governor in Oreshka. Half a verst from the Church of the Transfiguration until 1825, on the graveyard, where local clergymen had long lived, there was another parish church, later ranked as Nagorskaya Preobrazhenskaya, in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Tradition says that in ancient times there was a monastery called "Nikolo in Tyntsakh”, but no traces of the monastery remained. According to the documents of the XVII century. at the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, "priest Alexy, deacon Ivashko, sexton, mallow, poor elders in cells." At the beginning of the XVII century. the village belonged to the okolnichy Mikhail Mikhailovich Zamytsky, in 1624 it was assigned to the sovereign, but soon returned to the former owner. There were 33 peasant households in the village at that time. Two wooden churches existed until the end of the 18th century. St. Nicholas Church was abolished in 1796 after the construction of a stone church, a chapel was erected in its place, and houses of clergy nearby. The Church of the Transfiguration was restored after 1628, included in the salary books and taxed in 1654. The uplands belonged to Ekaterina Mikhailovna Saltykova, together with the village of Voskresensky (Khmelniki), 5 versts away from it, and 16 surrounding villages inherited from her Count Matvey Fedorovich Apraksin. In 1770, Empress Catherine II bought this estate and granted it to her admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov in eternal and hereditary possession for his destruction and destruction of the Turkish fleet. Having received the estate from the bounty of the empress, he began to build, as a token of gratitude, a huge stone church, on the site of the wooden one that existed then, in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord, but before he could finish, he died (buried in the temple), his eldest son and heir of the Highland completed the construction Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov. In 1770, the Highlands passed into the hands of the famous hero of Chesma, Admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov. He was born on January 18, 1713 in an old impoverished noble family, was the son of the commandant of Vyborg under Peter I, Andrei Alekseevich Spiridov and his wife Anna Vasilievna Korotneva. In 1732 Spiridov began his service in the navy. In the 16th year he was promoted to midshipmen, sent to Astrakhan, from where he sailed to Persia, then to Kronstadt, and sailed to Lubeck. In 1732 he was promoted to midshipman, in 1737 he was appointed adjutant to Admiral Bredal. GA. Spiridov took an active part in the Russian-Turkish (1735-1739) and the Seven Years (1756-1763) wars. In 1742, already in the rank of lieutenant, he sailed to the Arctic Ocean. In 1749 he was ordered to be present at the Moscow Admiralty Office. In 1750 he was appointed commander of the imperial yachts and in 1754, with the rank of captain of the 3rd rank, company commander in the cadet corps. During the Seven Years' War, Spiridov took part (in 1760 and 1761) in an expedition to the coast of Prussia, commanded a landing detachment. In 1762, by promotion to rear admiral, he became commander of an active squadron. Vice Admiral since 1764, Spiridov was the chief commander, first of the Revep port, then of Kronstadt, and the head of the “sheathing fleet.” Catherine II, when visiting this fleet, personally laid on his head the signs of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. In the summer of 1769, Spiridov, on the occasion of the war with Turkey, was sent to the Mediterranean Sea and on September 22 of the same year he was promoted to admiral. At the beginning of 1770, his squadron was already off the coast of the Seas and caused an uprising of the Greeks against Turkish rule. Disagreement between Spiridov and Admirals Greig and Elphinstone forced Count A. G. Orlov to take over the main command of the fleet, and on June 26, 1770, the Russian fleet won a brilliant victory over the Turkish fleet at Chesma. With particular force, Spiridov's naval talent manifested itself during the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. In 1768, during the outbreak of war with Turkey, he was appointed commander of the First Squadron, and on June 4, 1769 he was promoted to full admiral. On July 18, 1769, a squadron consisting of 7 battleships, a frigate, a bombardment ship, 4 transports, 2 messenger ships left Kronstadt and headed for the Mediterranean theater of operations. On June 25-26, 1770, the famous Battle of Chesme took place. The battle began on 23 June. The Russian forces consisted of 9 ships of the line, 3 frigates and 18 small ships, the Turkish forces consisted of 16 ships of the line, 6 frigates and 60 small ships. The Russian lead ship Europa lost control, and the flagship St. Evstafiy ”with Alexei Orlov and Spiridov on board was ahead of the column of ships. He approached the Turkish fleet, firing from all guns. Spiridov, with an image received from the Empress on his chest, with a naked sword, walked along the bridge, watching the battle. Music was playing on the patio. "Eustace" grappled with the enemy admiral's ship, the sailors rushed to board, the Turkish ship was on fire. Spiridov and Orlov left their ship on a boat, and in time, a few minutes later, the burning mast of the Turkish ship collapsed onto the deck of the Eustathius, both ships flew into the air. The Turkish fleet took refuge in the harbor. On the night of June 25-26, the Russians launched a new attack. Spiridov gave orders through the mouthpiece while on the ship "Three Hierarchs". After a short exchange of fire, incendiary fireships were launched by the Russians, one of them managed to set fire to the Turkish ship. The fire with terrible force engulfed the entire Turkish fleet, explosions of ships followed one after another. By morning it was all over, the Russians managed to capture only 1 ship and 6 galleys, the rest of the fleet died in flames. In the report of the Admiralty Board on the occasion of the defeat of the Turks at Chesma, G.A. Spiridov wrote: “Honor to the All-Russian fleet, - the enemy Turkish military fleet was attacked, defeated, broken, burned, let into the sky, sunk and turned into ashes ... and they themselves began to be in the entire archipelago ... dominant.” The impression made by the Battle of Chesme in Russia, Turkey and throughout the world was enormous. Spiridov took Fr. Paros, on which he arranged a dock for the repair of ships, erected fortifications. In January 1771, the admiral took 18 islands into Russian citizenship. The Academy of Arts owes him many fragments of antique marble statues and bas-reliefs sent to him from the archipelago. G.A. Spiridov, according to a contemporary, combined generosity and experience with courage. But the admiral's health was weak. In his words, "the seizures that followed in old age led to such impotence that he became completely decrepit." Therefore, when a truce was concluded in the summer of 1772 and Orlov, who had long since returned from St. Petersburg, came to the fleet, Spiridov, with his permission, left his post and went to rest in Livorno - "in the best climate before the archipelago." Indeed, in Italy, his health improved “with old age, his years are similar”, and already in January 1773 he returned to the fleet - “out of diligence and jealousy, with great joy, to continue serving as before.” However, in his letters to Chernyshev, sometimes notes of extreme fatigue and indecision break through, which do not harmonize well with this “great joy”. Soon, after Orlov's departure, he again took over the main command. In the spring and summer, he undertook another major expedition to the shores of Syria and Egypt to support the uprising that broke out there. The expedition burned several cities, docks and small ships, landed troops several times, and although it was not successful and some landings cost quite large losses (in 1773 one of the ships of the Asia squadron died with the entire crew), but diverted to the Asian coast large enemy force. Spiridov's health was again upset, and he submitted a letter of resignation, complaining of constant seizures and headaches. Orlov, who always gave the most flattering reviews of Spiridov, supported his request; in November, a decree followed, by which Spiridov was dismissed from the service; for many years of impeccable service and exceptional services, he was left on the day of his death, in the form of a pension, "the full salary of his rank." According to family tradition, Spiridov retired, dissatisfied with the fact that the main honor of the victory at Chesma was attributed to Orlov. For a brilliant victory over the Turks, the admiral was awarded the highest order of the Russian Empire - St. Andrew the First-Called - and received from Catherine II 16 villages in the Pereslavl district (Nagorye, Vekhovo, Korobovo, Manshino, Ogoreltsevo, Sidorkovo and others). In February 1774 he left the squadron and left for Russia. Despite the decrepitude and illness, he lived another 17 years. Spiridov settled in Moscow, spent the summer in the Uplands. In 1785 he began to build in Nagorye, instead of a wooden one, a vast stone church with three altars: the Transfiguration of the Lord, the Life-Giving Trinity and the Nativity of John the Baptist. A bell tower was built along with the temple. GA died. Spiridov in Moscow on April 8, 1790 and was buried in the village. Highlands, in the church completed by him in 1787. Spiridov and his wife were buried at the entrance to the refectory. Spiridov was married to Anna Matveevna Nesterova (born 1731) and had 4 sons and 2 daughters: Andrei (1750-1770, father's adjutant), Matvey (1751-1829, senator, famous genealogist), Alexei (1753-1828, admiral, at the age of 8 he began to sail on ships with his father, at the age of 9 he received the rank of midshipman for academic success and knowledge of the naval service, from 1793 he was vice admiral, from 1796 he received the right to enter the palace at the dining table, from 179d . commander of the Revel port, since 1803 the governor of Revel), Gregory (1758-1822, foreman), Daria (1761-1805) and Alexander (for Lieutenant General Gustav Khristianovich Zimmerman). Grigory Grigoryevich Spiridov, the youngest of the four sons of Admiral Grigory Andreevich, began serving as a page, for a long time was an officer in the Semyonovsky Guards Regiment, participated in the Swedish War under Catherine II with the rank of captain, and at the end of this campaign he retired with the rank of brigadier. In 1798, under Emperor Paul, he was appointed chief police chief of Moscow and held this position for three years, until 1800, when poor health forced him to retire. But the Napoleonic wars again awakened a warlike spirit in him, and he, already a relatively elderly man, in 1812 volunteered for the Pereslavl militia and participated in numerous skirmishes in its ranks during World War II. After the expulsion of the French, Spiridov, at the direction of his friend Count Rostopchin, was appointed first commandant, then civil governor of Moscow. In this capacity, he greatly contributed to the restoration of the destroyed city. With the resignation of Rostopchin, Spiridov also left the service. He died on May 4, 1822. Another son of the famous admiral, Matvey Grigoryevich, a well-known Russian genealogist, senator, was born on November 20, 1751; For 12 years he was enlisted as a page, then until 1778 he served in the Semyonovsky regiment, after which he transferred to the civil service. Granted to the chamber junkers, he was appointed to the Senate for the chief prosecutor's table (department), in the 1780s. managed the Votchina Collegium, in 1793 he was appointed senator of the Moscow departments; On October 28, 1798, he was promoted to active Privy Councilor, in 1800-1802. made a senatorial revision of the Kazan, Vyatka, Orenburg and Saratov provinces and on December 12, 1809, consisting of the 7th appellate department, was dismissed from service. From a young age, Spiridov was engaged in literature and science, in 1771 he participated in Ruban's journal The Hardworking Ant. His scientific studies were mainly devoted to Russian genealogy. In 1793 and 1794 he published two volumes of the Genealogical Russian Dictionary (letters A and B), which he began to compile in 1786 together with his father-in-law, historian, Prince M.M. Shcherbatov, and after the death of the latter in 1790 he continued alone. These books are now a bibliographic rarity (the second volume is known only in one copy). The compilers of the dictionary have risen to modern scientific requirements: each news is accompanied by an exact indication of the source. Peru Spiridov also owns “A Brief Experience of the Historical News of the Russian Duality”, published in 1804, and “A Brief Description of the Services of Russian Garden Nobles”, the first two parts of which were published in 1810; the remaining seven parts, completely ready for printing, burned down in 1812 along with the Moscow house; fortunately, drafts have been preserved, which were donated by the heirs to the Imperial Public Library. M.G. died. Spiridov in 1829. From May 10, 1775, he was married to Princess Irina Mikhailovna Shcherbatova (1757-1827), with whom he had a daughter Akulina and 6 sons: Grigory (b. 1777), Alexei (b. 1785), Ivan ( 1787-1821), Alexander (b. 1788, in 1843 acting councilor of state, head of the Siberian customs district), Andrei, Mikhail (1796-1854). The entire south-eastern side of the village was occupied under Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov by the master's estate, with a space of 8 acres, with a beautiful garden, a linden grove and greenhouses. After his death, this estate, together with the land and serfs, passed to his children and was divided into 4 parts between his sons, of which two were preserved in the direct family of his and are in the possession of his grandchildren (now there is only one landlord estate of the staff captain Grigory Grigorievich Spiridov). In each of the estates there were owner's houses and gardens attached to them; in one of them there is a linden grove, in the other - a birch grove. The son of Matvei Grigorievich, Mikhail Matveevich Spiridov, entered the service in 1812 as a constable of the Vladimir militia, in 1813-1814. fought at Lutzen, Dresden, Kulm, in the "battle of the peoples" at Leipzig, participated in the capture of Paris, in 1813 an ensign, transferred to the Life Guards Grenadier Regiment, in 1825 he was a major in the Penza Infantry Regiment, a member of the Decembrist "Society of the United Slavs ”, sentenced in the 1st category to hard labor forever (in 1826, the term of hard labor was reduced to 20 years). In 1827, he arrived in the Chita prison in the same year, the term was reduced to 15 years, in 1832 - to 13. In 1839, he entered the settlement, the place of which, at the request of the brothers, Krasnoyarsk was appointed. In 15 miles from the city, he acquired a peasant economy, where he was allowed to move in 1848, and there he died. At the request of Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov, a house church was built in his manor house in 1821; after his death in 1833 it was abolished. To the temple with Upland, two more chapels were added - St. Nicholas of Myra, in memory of the wooden church, and the icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow", in 1833 another chapel of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was built (in memory of the house church). All the thrones - 6. The clergy consisted of two priests, a deacon and a psalmist. In 1808, from the theological department of the Vladimir Seminary to the church with. Upland appointed priest Alexander Vasilyevich Nikolaevsky. In 1835, to the church with. Upland was appointed priest Vasily Efimovich Drozdov, who graduated from the Vladimir Seminary in 1834. All his life he served in Upland, was elevated to the rank of archpriest. Here he is buried. Mikhail Ivanovich Uspensky graduated from the Vladimir Theological Seminary in 1840, from 1842 he was a deacon of the village. Highlands of the Pereslavl district, since 1871 - the priest of the city. Bykov of the Suzdal district, since 1895 he left the state, died on July 27, 1899. In 1850, to the church with. Upland appointed priest Grigory Alexandrovich Elpatevsky. In 1880, he published in the Vladimir Provincial Gazette (Nos. 3 and 4) the article "The Village of Nagorye in the Pereslavl District." He was elevated to the rank of archpriest. In 1895 he left the state. Pavel Feodorovich Priklonsky (graduated from the Vladimir Seminary in 1852) since 1859 - a priest in the village. Upland, in 1885 transferred to the village. Filippovskoye Pokrovsky district. In 1876 in the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior with. The highlands were served by priests: Vasily Drozdov, Grigory Elpatyevsky and Pavel Priklonsky, deacon Flegont Chistyakov, sexton Feodor Sakharov, Alexander Nagorsky, Vasily Tselebrov, deacons Andrey Sokolov and Kosma Yanov Since 1879 priest with Upland was Nikolai Evlampovich Rozov. He was transferred to the Uplands from the village. Pirovy Settlements of the Vyaznikovsky district, where Ivan Kozmich Yanov served since 1878, after graduating from the Vladimir Theological Seminary in 1895 - a psalmist with. Highlands of the Pereslavl district. In 1898, Nikolai Ivanovich Bessonov graduated from the Vladimir Seminary. In 1900 he was ordained from the priesthood to the church with. Highlands of the Pereslavl district. The church owned a two-story stone house, where a public school was located, and 17 stone shops on the outside of the fence. According to the priest Fr. Grigory Elpatyevsky in an article published by him in the Vladimir Provincial Gazette for 1880. No. 3, 4 .: “The Nagorsk parish, in addition to the village itself, consists of 15 villages (state departments: Fininsky, Sidorkovo, village cross, own. and obliged. Voronkino, Rodionovo , Mikhaltsovo, Melenki, Vekhovo, Manshino, Ogoreltsovo, Korobovo, Ovchinniki, Kamyshevo, Ananyino, Myasoedovo and Torchinovo; in total up to 1435 souls m.p.) peasant owners, temporarily liable and state with a population of 1820 souls m.p. Their main occupation is agriculture, and in winter the peasants, who were landowners, are engaged in the weaving of paper products in 14 rooms, and the state ones are engaged in cooper work. The state of the people is not prosperous, there are few literate people, there is only one public school, and that one is private. In the Highland itself, there are 114 peasant households, landowners, clergymen 14, church 1, petty-bourgeois 13, soldiers, in total 140 households, residents from peasants 325 souls m.p., spiritual in 3 clergy - 26 souls, nobles, merchants, bourgeois, etc. up to 35 temporary inhabitants, 385 villages in total. There are 60 shops on the square, 17 of them are made of stone and belong to the local church; moreover, two lines of tented shop premises. Trade is carried out in red goods, leather, iron and flour, meat, sheepskins, horses, wooden and earthenware, and other agricultural products; 4 shops with colonial goods. There are 4 annual fairs: Petrovskaya, Ilyinskaya, Preobrazhenskaya and Pokrovskaya, and weekly bazaars take place on Tuesdays from Pokrov Day to Peter's Day. During the summer, the weekly bazaars are closed. Most of the trading is carried out by outside traders; local residents on trading days are engaged only in the sale of food supplies. 3 taverns, 2 taverns, 2 inns, 1 wine warehouse and 1 oil mill. 4 roads lead to the village and in its center intersect - to Pereslavl, to Kalyazin, to Uglich, to Trinity-Sergius and Moscow. On the southeastern side of the village flows a stream of fresh, spring water, called the Melenka River, which forms a pond at the beginning of the flow through an artificial dam, very suitable for residents. In the village itself there are also large ponds, but the water in them is stagnant and therefore unfit for human consumption. For daily consumption, water is obtained from wells. All land in 4 rural communities with. Uplands with 7 villages (Torchinovo, Anankino, Myasoedovo, Rodionovo, Ogoreltsy, Kamyshovo and Ovchinino - all of them are from the same parish of the village of Nagorya. In the entire Nagorsky society, according to family lists, 697 souls of m.p. and 765 f.p.) are counted up to 2390 acres, of which arable 813 acres. Church land -110 acres. Livestock peasants contain only necessary - horses, cows, sheep. The peasants do not have a surplus of products, therefore they do not go on sale. Various kinds of bread, potatoes, cabbages, cucumbers, etc., are sown in the quantities required by each landowner. There is no fishing in the village. In Soviet times, the temple in which Admiral Spiridov was buried was devastated. Already in our time it has been returned to believers and is being restored.

Man (2010)

Name [ | ]

The village of Nagorye in the old days had several names: Poreevo(Pareevo (until the 17th century), Nikolskoe, then Preobrazhenskoye(according to local churches), and, finally, uplands, that is, located on the mountain - a popular name, the only one that has survived to this day.

The village has its modern name since 1770. This name appears in the documents of Catherine II.

Geography [ | ]

Village club and monument to the Warriors-compatriots who fell in the battles for the freedom and independence of the Motherland

The uplands are located near the border of Pereslavsky District with Tver Oblast. It is located 47 km west of the regional city of Pereslavl-Zalessky and 187 km from the regional city of Yaroslavl. The nearest railway stations are: Kalyazin 48 km (in the Tver region) and Berendeevo 62 km (in the Pereslavl region).

The village is called Upland by its location, as it stands on a hill and can be seen from afar from all sides; in all directions from the village - gentle slope. Around the village is quite flat and occupied by fields and smaller villages and villages, the area is limited by coniferous forest. In the lowlands there are moss swamps with a small pine forest, on the hillocks - spruce groves.

The soil is also infertile. Southwest winds prevail in the village. The norm of precipitation per year is about 500 mm. Winter in the Highlands is quite severe, autumn and spring are wet, while June and July are usually dry and hot.

5 km from the Nagorye, it flows, skirting the Nagorsk area from the eastern, southern and western sides, the Nerl River, flowing out of the lake and flowing into the Volga (in fact, it is a continuation of the Veksa river, flowing from Lake Pleshcheyevo). On the southern outskirts of the village, a tributary of the Nerl flows - a stream called the Melenka River and forming, at the beginning of its course, through an artificial dam, Nikolsky Pond, named after the St. Nicholas Church located here earlier. In the village itself there is also the central Selsky (Bazarsky), Selkhoztehniki and other smaller ponds.

History [ | ]

Then the Upland belonged to Ekaterina Mikhailovna Saltykova, together with the village of Voskresensky (Khmelniki), 5 km away from it, and 16 surrounding villages inherited from her by Count Matvey Fedorovich Apraksin. All this estate, which amounted to 1060 male souls, was bought in 1770 by Empress Catherine II and granted to Admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov in eternal and hereditary possession, for the defeat and extermination of the Turkish fleet at Chesme. At that time, the village received its present name. Since March 29, 1944, the name of Admiral Spiridov has been borne by the main street of the village (formerly Moscow); on the site of the former manor house (now the territory of a kindergarten) in 1962, a bust-monument was erected to him by the sculptor O. V. Butkevich and the architect I. B. Purishev. In the Nagoryevsk House of Creativity there was a museum dedicated to the history of the Spiridov family.

The Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with the chapel of the Great Martyr Irina on the churchyard on the Melenka River has been known since 1628. Then there were no icons, no books, no church utensils. According to legend, in its place in ancient times there was a monastery called "Nikola in Tyntsy", but there are no traces of its existence. This church was abolished in 1796, a chapel was built in its place, which stood until 1923, houses of clergy were placed near it.

Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior

Located one and a half kilometers from the Church of St. Nicholas, the wooden Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was in ruins in 1628, and by 1654 had already been restored. In 1785, instead of a wooden church, Grigory Spiridov began to build a vast stone church with three altars and a bell tower. The building was completed in 1787. In 1790, under the floor of the church at the entrance to the meal in a stone crypt, the bodies of the temple builder Admiral Spiridov and his wife were buried. In 1795, under his eldest son and heir of the Highlands, senator and historian Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov, two more chapels were added on the western side of the Transfiguration Church in memory of the former wooden St. Nicholas Church. In 1833, an altar table in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, transferred from the house church of Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov, which existed from 1821 until his death, was also arranged in the refectory. Thus, there are currently six thrones in the church: in the cold one in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord, the Life-Giving Trinity and the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, in the warm aisles in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Mother of God, called "Joy of All Who Sorrow", and the Kazan Icon Mother of God. Above the throne of the main temple, a canopy crowned with a small wooden cross on 4 wooden columns was arranged, the Lord of hosts was depicted inside the dome of the canopy, on the front side of the canopy there were 2 carved angels holding a crown. A similar canopy was built over the throne in the aisle of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. The church was rich in various decorations.

The entire southeastern side of the village was occupied under Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov by the master's estate, built in 1785, with a space of 8.7 hectares with a garden, a linden grove and greenhouses. As a child, one of the Decembrists, Mikhail Matveyevich Spiridov, the son of Matvey Grigorievich, spent summer and winter holidays in Nagorye in his childhood. Upon the death of the latter in 1829, the estate, together with the land and serfs, was divided into 4 parts between his sons, of which two were kept in the direct family of him and were in the possession of his grandchildren. In each of the estates at the end of the 19th century there were owner's houses and gardens attached to them; in one of them there was a linden grove, in the other - a birch grove. In 1880, there was only one landowner's estate - staff captain Grigory Grigorievich Spiridov. Back in 1957, a descendant of Admiral Spiridov, 68-year-old Dmitry Ivanovich Spiridov, who worked for 36 years as an agronomist in Pereslavl and other districts of the region, lived in a neighboring village.

In 1847, there were up to 600 people in the village.

Since 1778, Nagorye belonged to the Pereslavl district of the Vladimir province, was the center of the Nagoryevskaya (Nagorskaya) volost. It was located on the high road called the Kalyazinsky tract (from Pereslavl to Kalyazin), which has now lost its significance. To this day, four roads lead to the village and in the center of it on the trading square intersect four roads, one goes to Pereslavl, the other to Kalyazin, the third to Uglich, the fourth to Sergiev Posad and Moscow. In 1880, the road to Pereslavl was inconvenient, as it was covered with bridges and gats, passed (and passes) through wooded areas, and the road to Trinity was mountainous and clayey; the path to Kalyazin was recognized as more convenient, because it ran (and runs) through sandy and treeless terrain. In general, the area could not boast of the convenience of communications; in spring and autumn, strong mud was encountered with a lack of pavements.

Part of its parish was adjacent to the very border of the Kalyazinsky district of the Tver province, bordered on the lands of the villages: Svyatova at 5 km, Solbinskaya Nikolaevskaya desert at 13 km, Zagorye at 9 km, Daratnikov at 15 km, Elpatyeva at 6 km, (Kalyazinsky district) at 9 km, Voskresensky-Khmelnikov at 5 and Andrianov at 5.

The Nagorsk parish, in addition to the village itself, consisted of 15 villages (government departments: Foninskoye, villages of peasants of owners and obligated, Mikhaltsevo,, and); in 1880 in all there were up to 1435 male souls) peasants, owners, temporarily liable and state-owned with a population of 1820 male souls. The main occupation of all of them was agriculture, and in winter the peasants, who were landlords, were engaged in the weaving of paper products in 14 svetelki, and the state coopers. The people were not prosperous, there were few literate people, there was one public school, but even that one was private.

In the Upland itself in 1880 there were 114 peasant households, 11 landowners and clergy, 13 petty bourgeois, 1 church and 1 soldier, in total 140 households; residents from peasants - 325 male souls, spiritual in three clergy - 26 souls, nobles, merchants, townspeople and other temporary residents up to 35 souls, a total of 385 souls. In 1885, a strong fire destroyed almost all wooden buildings, including the manor, but already in 1887 it was rebuilt.

Upland has long been a trading village. At least 48 km away from all neighboring cities, it became a significant trading point. The trading area, which occupies a significant space in the center of the village, belonged to local landowners and other owners. In 1880, there were 60 trading shops on the square, 17 of them were made of stone, belonging to the local church; moreover, two lines of tented shop premises; the shops were all covered with hemp. Trade was carried out in red goods, leather, iron and flour, meat, sheepskins, horses, wooden and earthenware and other rural products; there were also four shops with colonial goods. There were four annual fairs: Petrovskaya, Ilyinskaya, Preobrazhenskaya and Pokrovskaya, and weekly bazaars were held on Tuesdays, starting from Pokrov Day to Peter's Day (from October 1 to June 29). During the summer, the weekly bazaars stopped. Trade was carried on for the most part by third-party merchants; local residents on trading days were engaged only in the sale of food supplies. There were 3 tavern establishments, 2 taverns, 2 inns, 1 wine warehouse and 1 oil mill.

The whole land belongs to four rural communities in the village of Nagorya with 7 villages (Torchinovo, Ananyino, Myasoedovo, Rodionovo, Ogoreltsy, Kamyshevo and Ovchinino, all the parishes of the village of Nagorya; in the entire Nagorsky society, according to family lists in 1880, there were 697 male and 705 female souls) it was considered up to 2611 hectares, of which 888 hectares were arable. Land near the village of Nagorye, owned by local landlords and other owners, about 1792 hectares and 153 hectares of church land. Including arable 109 hectares of church and up to 76.5 hectares of landowners and other owners. The rest of the land of the peasants and the church consisted of hay and pasture, and the private owners partly in the hayfield wasteland, rented out to their own and others, partly in small forest and wasteland, the amount of which was difficult to determine in detail. Peasants usually mowed 4 carts per head or up to 100 pounds per plot; everyone had up to 1048 wagons, landowners up to 60, spiritual ones up to 70, in total up to 1178 wagons. The land was divided among the peasants by "Osmaks"; osmak included 4 revision souls.

The soil of the earth is sandy, or it is more correct to call sandy loam with clay subsoil. Such a ridge of land occupies the space of the entire Nagorsky touchstone. In the vicinity of the land of the same property. In terms of quality, the land is quite fertile, however, it requires constant fertilization, suitable for sowing all kinds of bread, but it was sown with more ordinary bread: rye, oats and under flax, more from spring crops to help rye. The peasants of the four societies had different seating; In a round number, it came out in the sowing of rye at 6.5 measures per "soul", which amounted to 44.5 thousand liters, among churchmen up to 10.5 thousand liters, among landowners up to 4.2 thousand liters. When sowing, rye was sown on a tithe of 1.5 quarters (a quarter - 210 l), 2 quarters of zhitar, and 3 quarters of oats. The usual harvest of all loaves was 3.5, a pood of flaxseed gave flax in the sowing, depending on the yield, 1-3 poods. Hayfields were mostly forest and dry. Two owners in a five-field farm introduced grass-sowing. Empty places on the lands of the landowners remained uncultivated partly due to inconvenience, partly due to remoteness from the villages, and partly due to the lack of entrepreneurial spirit among the peasants. In 1900, the peasants of the seven volosts that made up the Nagoryevsk region in the middle of the 20th century had 215 wooden plows, 275 harrows with wooden teeth, more advanced equipment - 6 horse threshers, 7 and 8 mowers were owned by wealthy peasants and landowners.

The peasants did not have a surplus of food, and therefore nothing went on sale. All sorts of bread, potatoes, cabbages, cucumbers and other garden vegetables were sown in the amount necessary for each householder for his home. The peasants kept only the necessary livestock: horses, cows and sheep. For tax, or 2 souls, a good owner kept 1 horse, 1 cow, 2 sheep, if he hired a hayfield somewhere on the side, and a bad or impoverished owner did not even have that. The peasants ate very little food. Usually: baked bread made from rye flour and, as a delicacy, unleavened bread with an admixture of barley flour; radish, onion without oil. At dinner, gray sour cabbage soup. The peasants considered turnips and cucumbers to be delicacy; potatoes were consumed as a rarity. Meat and fish were available only on temple holidays.

There was very little arable land for sale; there were two cases of selling one of the same quality, but at very different prices. One lady sold a tithe for 55 rubles, and the other for 100 rubles, since a definite price for 1880 had not yet been established. Hay land in the wastelands could be bought much cheaper, at 10-20 rubles per tithe. The forest in the vicinity grew more spruce, in the wastelands, especially the landlords, there were pines, but for the most part small and unsuitable for buildings. Firewood for heating was purchased in the neighboring dachas of Bakhmurov and Golovinskaya. There was enough stone in the whole neighborhood, he met in the fields, in places he was collected from the fields in heaps; places where he would lie in special deposits, or quarries, were not known.

There is no fishing in the village. Fresh fish was delivered to the Nagorsky market partly from Pereslavl and the village of Usolye (Kupansky), partly from the surrounding villages. The peasants fished along two tributaries that form the Nerl, the Nerl itself, flowing from the east side, and Kubri, flowing from the south.

In the southern side of the village flows a tributary of the Nerl River - a stream of fresh spring water, called the Melenkoya River and forming, at the beginning of its course, through an artificial dam, Nikolsky Pond, the water of which was considered "very suitable for residents." In the village itself there are also small ponds, but the water in them is stagnant and therefore unfit for human consumption. For daily consumption, water was obtained from wells.

In 1869, a four-year zemstvo folk school was opened in Nagorye. It was placed behind the church fence, in a building belonging to the church with 3 classrooms. In 1893, 105 people studied in it, and in 1912 - 78, of which only 6 boys and 2 girls graduated, as parents were forced to take their children from school and force them to work on the farm or nurse the kids. In 1915 the school had 3 teachers.

In 1897 there were 635 people in the Uplands.

Soviet power in the village was established almost peacefully: only on November 21, 1917, the local priest N. A. Bogoyavlensky, during the vigil, called to defend the Provisional Government and not to believe the Bolsheviks, but the people of Nagorye tied up those who supported him and sent them to Pereslavl.

In 1927, there were more than 200 residential one-story log buildings in the Uplands, each housing about 5.5 people. About 90% of the houses were four-walled, about 80% consisted of one room and a kitchen, about 40% of the houses were dilapidated. There was an average of 3.5 m² of living space per person. Many had earthen mounds, plinths were rare. Caulking of houses was made mainly with moss, less often with tow; Few houses were sheathed with hemp, there were almost no painted ones, only 20% of the houses were covered with wallpaper (mostly partially) inside. Most of the houses were covered with straw for the winter, but the floor and corners still froze. Each hut had a Russian oven, and some also had a Dutch oven; permanent stoves generally did not provide enough heat in winter, and many folded temporary stoves for the winter. Most had an unpaved covered yard and a canopy, some had barns or barns, and a few had cellars. The majority did not have special premises for crafts, beds, toilets, dustbins. The huts were dirty and full of insects. There were no baths in the village (except for the hospital one), people washed themselves in a Russian stove. 50% of the houses had front gardens, planted more with mountain ash and birch. Most had vegetable gardens, some had orchards, etc. The main occupation of the population was still agriculture, about 15-20% were engaged in subsidiary crafts.

In 1929, during the administrative-territorial reform, the village became the center of the Nagorevsky district, which united 8 former volosts of the Pereslavsky district. The uplands grew. The peasant and artisan population was replenished with employees and intelligentsia. In 1929, the "Association" collective farm was established in Nagorye (since 1965 - "Nagorye"). In the summer of 1931, the Nagoryevsk Machine and Tractor Station (MTS) was formed, at the time of its creation, its fleet consisted of 19 low-power Fordson tractors and 5 STZ tractors. The creation of the MTS played an important role in the development of flax growing in the region at that time. In 1932, the MTS serviced 80 collective farms under contracts with 11,533 hectares of arable land, that is, 37% of the entire arable land of the Nagoryevsk region, and 2938 hectares of flax sowing, which accounted for 49% of the region's flax crops. At the end of 1932, MTS already had 24 tractors, with a total capacity of 265 hp. from. , a motor vehicle of 2.5 tons and 79 flax pullers. During the year, MTS plowed 1913 hectares, the mechanization of work reached 37%.

Administrative building

In 1931, a two-story building of the district executive committee, an outpatient clinic, a canteen of the district consumer union, an elevator, a room for the State Bank branch, and a house for the Zagotlyon office were built in Nagorye. The following year, a club, six communal houses on Pervomaiskaya Street, a prosecutor's office, and a bathhouse were built. In 1933, a new savings bank house was built, the Nagoryevskaya school of collective farm youth was repaired, the second floor was built over the post office building, and the construction of the MTS buildings began. In the same years, a telegraph and radio center were created. In the last pre-war years, new buildings of the district committee of the party, the district executive committee, the Zagotzerno base, houses of culture, a tea-dining room and other departmental and public buildings were built. In June 1932, the Nagorievsky flax mill was put into operation. During the years of the first five-year plans, a food processing plant appeared in Nagorye.

Since 1931, the district newspaper Pobeda has been published in Nagorye. The Pioneer Detachment in Nagorye was one of the first to appear in the Pereslavl district. The Nagoryevsk school became a seven-year school. She was given the best house in the village, which belonged to the landowners Spiridov, the old school building became the dining room of the boarding school. In 1937 the school was transformed into a secondary school. In 1933, there was a cinema with 300 seats and a hospital with 30 beds in Upland. There was a telephone connection with a capacity of 74 points, a receiving radio station. In 1929, the first telephone set in the region appeared in Upland. In the autumn of 1930, the church was devastated, the ashes of Admiral Spiridov were desecrated (returned to their original place in 1944). Since that time, the state farm warehouse has been in its building.

Since the mid-1950s, sausage production and a non-alcoholic beverages workshop have been operating at the food processing plant. The plant supplied up to 100 tons of starch for industry annually. In the autumn of 1956, the construction of a typical machine and tractor workshop was completed, equipped with new machines and cranes. It had steam heating, blacksmith and welding shops and other production and utility rooms. Also this year, the construction of a brick bathhouse, a sewing workshop, an office and a residential building of the forestry enterprise was completed, a hotel and a Selkhozsnaba store were opened. In 1957, the MTS had 122 powerful Soviet tractors, 34 S-4 self-propelled combines, 8 corn harvesters, 5 flax harvesters, earth-moving machines and dozens of other agricultural machines. Of these, 72 tractors of various brands, 28 combines, 10 threshers "" and many other equipment were sent already in the 1950s.

In 1957, two schools operated in the Uplands - an elementary and a secondary one, and a counseling center for a correspondence high school.

In 1954, he appeared in the Nagoryevsk district hospital, working from his own electric generator. In 1956, an ambulance was equipped and received.

In 1950-1957, the housing and communal fund was increased by almost a thousand square meters.

At the House of Culture, an amateur art group was created, in the circles of which more than thirty employees of the district committee of the Komsomol, the state bank, the district consumer union, the post office, the hospital and other organizations, and students participated. In 1957, 840 readers visited the district library. Younger schoolchildren could spend their cultural leisure time in the children's library and the home of pioneers.

In 1959, there were attempts to establish air communication with Yaroslavl.

In 1963, the Nagorevsky district was abolished, and its territory became part of the Pereslavsky district.

Kindergarten "Sun"

In 1969, the school, whose new building was built in the early 1960s, was attended by 560 residents of the Uplands and surrounding villages. There was a large sports hall, well-equipped classrooms for physics, chemistry, biology, mechanical engineering, training workshops, a library, a kitchen and a dining room. Numerous circles, electives, sports sections worked. More than a hundred schoolchildren lived in a boarding school, a two-story building located on a rural square. Cheap three meals a day were organized for them. There were 28 teachers, of which 25 had completed higher education. Among other things, they studied mechanical engineering, driving a tractor. Graduates received not only certificates of secondary education, but also the rights of rural machine operators. So, in 1981, the school had its own caterpillar and wheeled tractors and a grain harvester.

The population continued to grow, including due to immigrants from small "unpromising villages". In the 1970s, due to individual and departmental construction, the streets Pervomaiskaya, Pereslavskaya, Kalyazinskaya, Novaya were lengthened; The village of Selkhoztehniki grew especially, the apartments in which were already equipped with running water, sewerage, and baths. The water supply was also carried out to the hospital, children's plant, catering establishments and the like; most of the residents used standpipes. There were several small boiler houses (at agricultural machinery, a hospital, a poultry farm, in a club, in a retail trade enterprise, two at a school) - on coal, liquid fuel, peat.

In 1975, a workshop (dairy receiving point) of the Pereslavl cheese and butter factory worked in Nagorye. In 1981, the state farm "Nagorye" (grain, meat, milk, wool, flax), an inter-farm poultry farm (built in 1961), a cheese factory, a flax factory (fiber from trust), a confectionery shop, agricultural machinery, agricultural chemistry, a convoy, etc. .. In the early 1980s, despite the "selfless work of advanced workers", "the introduction of the brigade method of organizing labor", "the consistent increase in production efficiency", the plan for many important types of products often remained unfulfilled. The poor organization of labor, its weak coordination between organizations was noticeable. There was a shortage of personnel, their aging, the outflow of young people from the village, and the most active and capable, drunkenness; associated with poor working conditions in agriculture (irregular working day and week in summer, vacations at inconvenient times) and cultural and living conditions (for example, problems with obtaining gas cylinders; cold club, dancing several times a year “on great holidays”, the lack of evenings of rest, the decline of local sports - "the stadium, which was once resounding with the cries of the fans, turned into a wasteland).

Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior

On August 2, 1992, the first service was held in the premises of the newly opened church - for the founder of the temple, Admiral Spiridov. The church was finally restored only by the beginning of the 2010s.

Population [ | ]

Structure [ | ]

General plan

At the very top of the hill, in the center of the Highlands, is the village square. It houses the current Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, a club with a library named after N. A. Brykin, Leninsky Garden with a monument to Lenin, a monument to “Fellow fellow countrymen who fell in battles for the freedom and independence of the Motherland” (installed on Victory Day 1960), a bus station, most shops, on Saturdays there is a market. Behind the club is the Rural Pond with a fire station.

The village administration, a bank, a kindergarten, a pharmacy, a post office, a sports field, and a bathhouse are located on Admiral Spiridov Street, which runs from the square towards Moscow. The street ends at the Nikolsky pond, on the opposite bank of which there is a rural cemetery.

Streets of the village: Admiral Spiridov, Civil, Zaprudnaya, Kalyazinskaya, Cooperative, Youth, New, Oktyabrskaya, Pervomaiskaya, Pereslavskaya, Pionerskaya, Field, Garden, Soviet, School; Kolkhozny Lane.

The residential area, formed over many stages of the development of the village, has the character of fairly large and clear-cut groups of blocks, mainly with low-rise individual wooden buildings. A relatively new residential development, consisting of two-story brick houses, was formed in the southwestern and central parts of the village. Zones of one-story manor buildings of different periods of formation, as a rule, have a relatively high level of engineering support and landscaping.

The main industrial sites are located in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the village of Nagorye, while their sanitary protection zones affect residential areas.

A village adjoins the village from the northeast.

Transport [ | ]

The main streets of the village depart from the square, turning into roads: paved to the south to the nearest villages and Andrianovo and further to Sergiev Posad ( P104) and Moscow ( M8"Kholmogory"), to the east to the villages of Svyatovo and further to Pereslavl-Zalessky and Yaroslavl, to the north to Uglich () and country roads to the west to the Nerl River.

There is a regular bus service to the east and south directions. Northern bus service has been interrupted since January 2013.

Notable natives[ | ]

Notes [ | ]

1. (indefinite) . Retrieved April 28, 2016. Archived from the original on April 28, 2016.
2. Guide to the Highlands (Russian) (unavailable link). - hram-nagorje.ru. Retrieved December 27, 2010. Archived from the original on March 16, 2012.
3. Razumovskaya G. From the history of the village of Nagorye // Pereslavl Springs. - 1996. - No. 11. - S. 4.

Nagorye - a village in the Pereslavl district of the Yaroslavl region, the center of the Nagorevsky rural settlement.

Name

The village of Nagorye in the old days had several names: Poreevo (Pareevo (until the 17th century), Nikolskoye, then Preobrazhenskoye (according to local churches), and, finally, Nagorye, that is, located on the mountain - a popular name, the only one that has survived to this day.

The village has had its present name since 1770. This name appears in the documents of Catherine II.

History

The first mention of the Poreevo village dates back to the 14th century. But it already existed during the time of the Pereslavl principality, served as its stronghold in the west and stood at the crossroads of trade routes between Moscow, Uglich and Ksnyatin, on the very border of Pereslavl, Tver and Uglich principalities. For travel and transportation of goods here they took zamyt (trade duty), therefore the whole neighborhood was called "Zamytye", and its owners received the surname Zamytsky. The village of Poreevo in 1571 was given by Davyd and Ivan Zamytsky to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. According to the scribe book of 1593, the village of Poreevo included several initiatives, wastelands, 30 quarters of arable land in the field, 50 hay hay, 4 tithes of forest, a monastery yard, a cow yard, 7 peasant yards. In 1593, the head of Afanasy Alyabyev took this estate, making a contribution of 100 rubles for it. Since 1614, Poreevo again belonged to the monastery. In 1624, the village was assigned to the sovereign's palace villages to the palace, but was soon returned to Mikhail Mikhailov Zamytsky. There were 33 peasant households in the village at that time.

Then the Highland belonged to Ekaterina Mikhailovna Saltykova, together with the village of Voskresensky (Khmelniki), 5 km away from it, and 16 surrounding villages, inherited from her to Count Matvey Fedorovich Apraksin. All this estate, which amounted to 1060 male souls, was bought by Empress Catherine II in 1770 and granted to Admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov in eternal and hereditary possession, for the defeat and extermination of the Turkish fleet at Chesme. At that time, the village received its present name. Since March 29, 1944, the name of Admiral Spiridov has been borne by the main street of the village (formerly Moscow); on the site of the former manor house (now the territory of the school) in 1962, a bust-monument was erected to him by the sculptor O. V. Butkevich and the architect I. B. Purishev. In the Nagoryevsk House of Creativity there was a museum dedicated to the history of the Spiridov family.

The Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with the chapel of the Great Martyr Irina on the churchyard on the Melenka River has been known since 1628. Then there were no icons, no books, no church utensils. According to legend, in its place in ancient times there was a monastery called "Nikola in Tyntsy", but there are no traces of its existence. This church was abolished in 1796, a chapel was built in its place, which stood until 1923, houses of clergy were placed near it.

Located one and a half kilometers from the Church of St. Nicholas, the wooden Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was in ruins in 1628, and by 1654 had already been restored. In 1785, instead of a wooden church, Grigory Spiridov began to build a vast stone church with three altars and a bell tower. The building was completed in 1787. In 1790, under the floor of the church at the entrance to the meal in a stone crypt, the bodies of the temple builder Admiral Spiridov and his wife were buried. In 1795, under his eldest son and heir of the Highlands, senator and historian Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov, two more chapels were added on the western side of the Transfiguration Church in memory of the former wooden St. Nicholas Church. In 1833, an altar table in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, transferred from the house church of Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov, which existed from 1821 until his death, was also arranged in the refectory. Thus, there are currently six thrones in the church: in the cold one in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord, the Life-Giving Trinity and the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, in the warm aisles in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Mother of God, called "Joy of All Who Sorrow", and the Kazan Icon Mother of God. Above the throne of the main temple, a canopy crowned with a small wooden cross on 4 wooden columns was arranged, the Lord of hosts was depicted inside the dome of the canopy, and on the front side of the canopy there were 2 carved angels holding a crown. A similar canopy was built over the throne in the aisle of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. The church was rich in various decorations.

Nagorye - a village in the Pereslavl district of the Yaroslavl region, the center of the Nagorevsky rural settlement. The population as of January 1, 2007 is 1795 people.

Name

The village of Nagorye in the old days had several names: Poreevo (Pareevo (until the 17th century), Nikolskoye, then Preobrazhenskoye (according to local churches), and, finally, Nagorye, that is, located on the mountain - a popular name, the only one that has survived to this day. Its The village has its modern name since 1770. This name appears in the documents of Catherine II.

Geography

The upland is located near the border of the Pereslavl region with the Tver region. It is located 47 km west of the regional city of Pereslavl-Zalessky and 187 km from the regional city of Yaroslavl. The nearest railway stations are: Kalyazin 48 km (in the Tver region) and Berendeevo 62 km (in the Pereslavl region). The village is called Upland by its location, as it stands on a hill and can be seen from afar from all sides; in all directions from the village - a gentle slope. Around the village is quite flat and occupied by fields and smaller villages and villages, the area is limited by coniferous forest. In the lowlands there are moss swamps with a small pine forest, on the hillocks - spruce groves. The soil is sandy and infertile. Southwest winds prevail in the village. The norm of precipitation per year is about 500 mm. Winter in the Highlands is quite severe, autumn and spring are wet, while June and July are usually dry and hot. At 5 km from the Nagorye, the Nerl River flows around the Nagorsk area from the eastern, southern and western sides, flowing from Lake Somino and flowing into the Volga (in fact, it is a continuation of the Veksa River, flowing from Lake Pleshcheyevo). On the southern outskirts of the village, a tributary of the Nerl flows - a stream called the Melenka River and forming, at the beginning of its course, through an artificial dam, the Nikolsky Pond, named after the St. Nicholas Church located here earlier. In the village itself there is also the central Selsky (Bazarsky), Selkhoztehniki and other smaller ponds.

The first mention of the Poreevo village dates back to the 14th century. But it already existed during the time of the Pereslavl principality, served as its stronghold in the west and stood at the crossroads of trade routes between Moscow, Uglich and Ksnyatin, on the very border of Pereslavl, Tver and Uglich principalities. For travel and transportation of goods here they took zamyt (trade duty), therefore the whole neighborhood was called "Zamytye", and its owners received the surname Zamytsky. The village of Poreevo in 1571 was given by Davyd and Ivan Zamytsky to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. According to the scribe book of 1593, the village of Poreevo included several initiatives, wastelands, 30 quarters of arable land in the field, 50 hay hay, 4 tithes of forest, a monastery yard, a cow yard, 7 peasant yards. In 1593, the head of Afanasy Alyabyev took this estate, making a contribution of 100 rubles for it. Since 1614, Poreevo again belonged to the monastery. In 1624, the village was assigned to the sovereign's palace villages to the palace, but was soon returned to Mikhail Mikhailov ...

Date of publication or update 04.11.2017

Upland village

Church of the Transfiguration

Upland is a large old trading village. At the beginning of the XVII century. there were two churches in it: “The Transfiguration of Spasovo Drevyan dumplings, the top is tented, stands without singing”, and on the river. Melenka graveyard with the church of St. Nicholas of Myra with a side chapel of the Great Martyr Irina (there are no icons, no books, no church utensils in the side chapel), the building of the patrimonial Dmitry Andreyevich Zamytsky, who in 1570-1572. was the viceroy in Mtsensk.

When Tsar John Vasilyevich went in 1572 from the Alexander Sloboda against the Crimean Khan to Tula and Dedilov, D.A. was in the advanced regiment with Ivan Mikhailovich Morozov. Zamytsky, "and the people with them were on their lists."

In 1573, Dmitry Andreevich was governor in Staritsa. In 1574, an army was sent under Pernov with the Kazan tsar Simeon Bekbulatovich, a detachment of Nogais was under the command of Zamytsky. In 1575, Zamytsky was one of the heads on the Myshega in the right hand of Prince Ivan Yuryevich Golitsyn; in 1576 in Novgorod in a large regiment with the boyar Ivan Vasilievich Sheremetev, in 1579 - governor and governor in Ryazhsk. In 1580 regiments were stationed in Rzhev; the governors of the advanced regiment were Prince Vasily Agishev of Tyumen and Zamytsky; Prince Feodor Alexandrovich Masalsky was appointed in his place, and Zamytsky was ordered to be in Toropets. In 1581, after the Lithuanians burned Staraya Rusa, the tsar sent other governors to replace the former ones, including Dimitri Andreevich. The Lithuanians came to Staraya Rusa for the second time and lit it, the voivode Prince Turenin was taken prisoner, because the rest of the voivodes (two Saltykovs and Zamytsky) “ran, and Prince Vasily was given out.” In 1582, Zamytsky described the lands of the Derevskaya Pyatina (in the Novgorod region) and in the same year was a siege governor in Ruza. In 1583, in mid-April, troops were sent to the Volga, Prince Ivan Samsonovich Turenin and Zamytsky commanded a large regiment. Together with the governors of the advanced regiment, they set up a prison in Kozmodemyansk. In 1594, Zamytsky made notches together with Kuzma Osipovich Bezobrazov. In 1597, he was present at the reception of Burgrave Danavsky by Tsar Boris, at that time bearing the title of hunter. Last time D.A. Zamytsky is mentioned in the documents of 1602, when he was a governor in Oreshka.

Half a verst from the Church of the Transfiguration, until 1825, on the graveyard, where local clergy had long lived, there was another parish church, later ranked as the Nagorsk Transfiguration Church, in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Tradition says that in ancient times there was a monastery here, called "Nikolo in Tyntsy", but there are no traces of the monastery left. According to the documents of the XVII century. at the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, "priest Alexy, deacon Ivashko, sexton, mallow, poor elders in cells."

At the beginning of the XVII century. the village belonged to the okolnichy Mikhail Mikhailovich Zamytsky, in 1624 it was assigned to the sovereign, but soon returned to the former owner. There were 33 peasant households in the village at that time. Two wooden churches existed until the end of the 18th century. St. Nicholas Church was abolished in 1796 after the construction of a stone church, a chapel was erected in its place, and houses of clergy nearby. The Church of the Transfiguration was restored after 1628, entered into the salary books and taxed in 1654.

The upland belonged to Ekaterina Mikhailovna Saltykova, together with the village of Voskresensky (Khmelniki), 5 versts away from it, and 16 surrounding villages inherited from her by Count Matvey Fedorovich Apraksin.

In 1770, Empress Catherine II bought this estate and granted it to her admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov in eternal and hereditary possession for his destruction and destruction of the Turkish fleet. Having received the estate from the bounty of the empress, he began to build, as a token of gratitude, a huge stone church, on the site of the wooden one that existed then, in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord, but before he could finish, he died (buried in the temple), his eldest son and heir of the Highland completed the construction Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov.

In 1770, the Highlands passed into the hands of the famous hero of Chesma, Admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov. He was born on January 18, 1713 in an old impoverished noble family, was the son of the commandant of Vyborg under Peter I, Andrei Alekseevich Spiridov and his wife Anna Vasilievna Korotneva. In 1732 Spiridov began his service in the navy. In the 16th year he was promoted to midshipmen, sent to Astrakhan, from where he sailed to Persia, then to Kronstadt, and sailed to Lubeck. In 1732 he was promoted to midshipman, in 1737 he was appointed adjutant to Admiral Bredal. GA. Spiridov took an active part in the Russian-Turkish (1735-1739) and the Seven Years (1756-1763) wars. In 1742, already in the rank of lieutenant, he sailed to the Arctic Ocean. In 1749 he was ordered to be present at the Moscow Admiralty Office.

In 1750 he was appointed commander of the imperial yachts and in 1754, with the rank of captain of the 3rd rank, company commander in the cadet corps. During the Seven Years' War, Spiridov took part (in 1760 and 1761) in an expedition to the coast of Prussia, commanded a landing detachment. In 1762, by promotion to rear admiral, he became commander of an active squadron. Vice Admiral since 1764, Spiridov was the chief commander, first of the Revep port, then of Kronstadt, and the head of the "sheathing fleet". Catherine II, when visiting this fleet, personally placed on its chief the signs of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. In the summer of 1769, Spiridov, on the occasion of the war with Turkey, was sent to the Mediterranean Sea and on September 22 of the same year he was promoted to admiral. At the beginning of 1770, his squadron was already off the coast of the Seas and caused an uprising of the Greeks against Turkish rule. Disagreement between Spiridov and Admirals Greig and Elphinstone forced Count A. G. Orlov to take over the main command of the fleet, and on June 26, 1770, the Russian fleet won a brilliant victory over the Turkish fleet at Chesma. With particular force, Spiridov's naval talent manifested itself during the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774.

In 1768, during the outbreak of war with Turkey, he was appointed commander of the First Squadron, and on June 4, 1769 he was promoted to full admiral. On July 18, 1769, a squadron consisting of 7 battleships, a frigate, a bombardment ship, 4 transports, 2 messenger ships left Kronstadt and headed for the Mediterranean theater of operations. On June 25-26, 1770, the famous Battle of Chesme took place. The battle began on 23 June. The Russian forces consisted of 9 ships of the line, 3 frigates and 18 small ships, the Turkish forces consisted of 16 ships of the line, 6 frigates and 60 small ships. The Russian lead ship Europa lost control, and the flagship St. Evstafiy ”with Alexei Orlov and Spiridov on board was ahead of the column of ships. He approached the Turkish fleet, firing from all guns. Spiridov, with an image received from the Empress on his chest, with a naked sword, walked along the bridge, watching the battle. Music was playing on the patio. "Eustace" grappled with the enemy admiral's ship, the sailors rushed to board, the Turkish ship was on fire. Spiridov and Orlov left their ship on a boat, and in time, a few minutes later, the burning mast of the Turkish ship collapsed onto the deck of the Eustathius, both ships flew into the air. The Turkish fleet took refuge in the harbor. On the night of June 25-26, the Russians launched a new attack. Spiridov gave orders through the mouthpiece while on the ship "Three Hierarchs". After a short exchange of fire, incendiary fireships were launched by the Russians, one of them managed to set fire to the Turkish ship. The fire with terrible force engulfed the entire Turkish fleet, explosions of ships followed one after another. By morning it was all over, the Russians managed to capture only 1 ship and 6 galleys, the rest of the fleet died in flames.

In the report of the Admiralty Board on the occasion of the defeat of the Turks at Chesma, G.A. Spiridov wrote: “Honor to the All-Russian fleet, - the enemy Turkish military fleet was attacked, defeated, broken, burned, let into the sky, sunk and turned into ashes ... and they themselves began to be in the entire archipelago ... dominant.” The impression made by the Battle of Chesme in Russia, Turkey and throughout the world was enormous. Spiridov took Fr. Paros, on which he arranged a dock for the repair of ships, erected fortifications. In January 1771, the admiral took 18 islands into Russian citizenship. The Academy of Arts owes him many fragments of antique marble statues and bas-reliefs sent to him from the archipelago.

G.A. Spiridov, according to a contemporary, combined generosity and experience with courage. But the admiral's health was weak. In his words, "the seizures that followed in old age led to such impotence that he became completely decrepit." Therefore, when a truce was concluded in the summer of 1772 and Orlov, who had long since returned from St. Petersburg, came to the fleet, Spiridov, with his permission, left his post and went to rest in Livorno - "in the best climate in front of the archipelago."

Indeed, in Italy, his health improved “with old age, his years are similar”, and already in January 1773 he returned to the fleet - “out of diligence and jealousy, with great joy, to continue serving as before.” However, in his letters to Chernyshev, sometimes notes of extreme fatigue and indecision break through, which do not harmonize well with this “great joy”. Soon, after Orlov's departure, he again took over the main command. In the spring and summer, he undertook another major expedition to the shores of Syria and Egypt to support the uprising that broke out there. The expedition burned several cities, docks and small ships, landed troops several times, and although it was not successful and some landings cost quite large losses (in 1773 one of the ships of the Asia squadron died with the entire crew), but diverted to the Asian coast large enemy force. Spiridov's health was again upset, and he submitted a letter of resignation, complaining of constant seizures and headaches. Orlov, who always gave the most flattering reviews of Spiridov, supported his request; in November, a decree followed, by which Spiridov was dismissed from the service; for many years of impeccable service and exceptional services, he was left on the day of his death, in the form of a pension, "the full salary of his rank."

According to family tradition, Spiridov retired, dissatisfied with the fact that the main honor of the victory at Chesma was attributed to Orlov.

For a brilliant victory over the Turks, the admiral was awarded the highest order of the Russian Empire - St. Andrew the First-Called - and received from Catherine II 16 villages in the Pereslavl district (Nagorye, Vekhovo, Korobovo, Manshino, Ogoreltsevo, Sidorkovo and others).

In February 1774 he left the squadron and left for Russia. Despite the decrepitude and illness, he lived another 17 years. Spiridov settled in Moscow, spent the summer in the Uplands. In 1785 he began to build in Nagorye, instead of a wooden one, a vast stone church with three altars: the Transfiguration of the Lord, the Life-Giving Trinity and the Nativity of John the Baptist. A bell tower was built along with the temple. GA died. Spiridov in Moscow on April 8, 1790 and was buried in the village. Highlands, in the church completed by him in 1787. Spiridov and his wife were buried at the entrance to the refectory. Spiridov was married to Anna Matveevna Nesterova (born 1731) and had 4 sons and 2 daughters: Andrei (1750-1770, father's adjutant), Matvey (1751-1829, senator, famous genealogist), Alexei (1753-1828, admiral, at the age of 8 he began to sail on ships with his father, at the age of 9 he received the rank of midshipman for academic success and knowledge of the naval service, from 1793 he was vice admiral, from 1796 he received the right to enter the palace at the dining table, from 179d . commander of the Revel port, since 1803 the governor of Revel), Gregory (1758-1822, foreman), Daria (1761-1805) and Alexander (for Lieutenant General Gustav Khristianovich Zimmerman).

Grigory Grigoryevich Spiridov, the youngest of the four sons of Admiral Grigory Andreevich, began serving as a page, for a long time was an officer in the Semyonovsky Guards Regiment, participated in the Swedish War under Catherine II with the rank of captain, at the end of this campaign he retired with the rank of brigadier. In 1798, under Emperor Paul, he was appointed chief police chief of Moscow and held this position for three years, until 1800, when poor health forced him to retire. But the Napoleonic wars again awakened a warlike spirit in him, and he, already a relatively elderly man, in 1812 volunteered for the Pereslavl militia and participated in numerous skirmishes in its ranks during World War II. After the expulsion of the French, Spiridov, at the direction of his friend Count Rostopchin, was appointed first commandant, then civil governor of Moscow. In this capacity, he greatly contributed to the restoration of the destroyed city. With the resignation of Rostopchin, Spiridov also left the service. He died May 4, 1822.

Another son of the famous admiral, Matvei Grigorievich, a famous Russian genealogist, senator, was born on November 20, 1751; For 12 years he was enlisted as a page, then until 1778 he served in the Semyonovsky regiment, after which he transferred to the civil service. Granted to the chamber junkers, he was appointed to the Senate for the chief prosecutor's table (department), in the 1780s. managed the Votchina Collegium, in 1793 he was appointed senator of the Moscow departments; On October 28, 1798, he was promoted to active Privy Councilor, in 1800-1802. made a senatorial revision of the Kazan, Vyatka, Orenburg and Saratov provinces and on December 12, 1809, consisting of the 7th appellate department, was dismissed from service. From a young age, Spiridov was engaged in literature and science, in 1771 he participated in Ruban's journal The Hardworking Ant. His scientific studies were mainly devoted to Russian genealogy. In 1793 and 1794 he published two volumes of the Genealogical Russian Dictionary (letters A and B), which he began to compile in 1786 together with his father-in-law, historian, Prince M.M. Shcherbatov, and after the death of the latter in 1790 he continued alone. These books are now a bibliographic rarity (the second volume is known only in one copy). The compilers of the dictionary have risen to modern scientific requirements: each news is accompanied by an exact indication of the source. Peru Spiridov also owns “A Brief Experience of the Historical News of the Russian Duality”, published in 1804, and “A Brief Description of the Services of Russian Garden Nobles”, the first two parts of which were published in 1810; the remaining seven parts, completely ready for printing, burned down in 1812 along with the Moscow house; fortunately, drafts have been preserved, which were donated by the heirs to the Imperial Public Library. M.G. died. Spiridov in 1829. From May 10, 1775, he was married to Princess Irina Mikhailovna Shcherbatova (1757-1827), with whom he had a daughter Akulina and 6 sons: Grigory (b. 1777), Alexei (b. 1785), Ivan ( 1787-1821), Alexander (b. 1788, in 1843 acting councilor of state, head of the Siberian customs district), Andrei, Mikhail (1796-1854).

The entire south-eastern side of the village was occupied under Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov by the master's estate, with a space of 8 acres, with a beautiful garden, a linden grove and greenhouses. After his death, this estate, together with the land and serfs, passed to his children and was divided into 4 parts between his sons, of which two were preserved in the direct family of his and are in the possession of his grandchildren (now there is only one landlord estate of the staff captain Grigory Grigorievich Spiridov). In each of the estates there were owner's houses and gardens attached to them; in one of them there is a linden grove, in the other - a birch grove.

The son of Matvei Grigorievich, Mikhail Matveevich Spiridov, entered the service in 1812 as a constable of the Vladimir militia, in 1813-1814. fought at Lutzen, Dresden, Kulm, in the "battle of the peoples" at Leipzig, participated in the capture of Paris, in 1813 an ensign, transferred to the Life Guards Grenadier Regiment, in 1825 he was a major in the Penza Infantry Regiment, a member of the Decembrist "Society of the United Slavs ”, sentenced in the 1st category to hard labor forever (in 1826, the term of hard labor was reduced to 20 years). In 1827, he arrived in the Chita prison in the same year, the term was reduced to 15 years, in 1832 - to 13. In 1839, he entered the settlement, the place of which, at the request of the brothers, Krasnoyarsk was appointed. In 15 miles from the city, he acquired a peasant economy, where he was allowed to move in 1848, and there he died.

At the request of Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov, a house church was built in his manor house in 1821; after his death in 1833 it was abolished.

To the temple with Upland, two more chapels were added - St. Nicholas of Mirlikiysky, in memory of the wooden church, and the icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow", in 1833 another chapel of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was built (in memory of the house church). All the thrones - 6. The clergy consisted of two priests, a deacon and a psalmist.

In 1808, from the theological department of the Vladimir Seminary to the church with. Upland appointed priest Alexander Vasilyevich Nikolaevsky. In 1835, to the church with. Upland was appointed priest Vasily Efimovich Drozdov, who graduated from the Vladimir Seminary in 1834. All his life he served in Upland, was elevated to the rank of archpriest. Here he is buried. Mikhail Ivanovich Uspensky graduated from the Vladimir Theological Seminary in 1840, from 1842 he was a deacon of the village. Highlands of the Pereslavl district, since 1871 - the priest of the city. Bykov, Suzdal district, left the state in 1895, died on July 27, 1899.

In 1850, to the temple with. Upland appointed priest Grigory Alexandrovich Elpatevsky. In 1880, he published in the Vladimir Provincial Gazette (Nos. 3 and 4) the article "The Village of Nagorye in the Pereslavl District." He was elevated to the rank of archpriest. In 1895 he left the state. Pavel Feodorovich Priklonsky (graduated from the Vladimir Seminary in 1852) since 1859 - a priest in the village. Upland, in 1885 transferred to the village. Filippovskoye Pokrovsky district.

In 1876 in the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior with. The uplands were served by priests: Vasily Drozdov, Grigory Elpatyevsky and Pavel Priklonsky, deacon Flegont Chistyakov, sexton Feodor Sakharov, Alexander Nagorsky, Vasily Tselebrov, deacons Andrey Sokolov and Kosma Yanov. Upland was Nikolai Evlampovich Rozov. He was transferred to the Uplands from the village. Pirovy Settlements of the Vyaznikovsky district, where Ivan Kozmich Yanov served since 1878, after graduating from the Vladimir Theological Seminary in 1895 - a psalmist with. Highlands of the Pereslavl district. In 1898, Nikolai Ivanovich Bessonov graduated from the Vladimir Seminary. In 1900 he was ordained from the priesthood to the church with. Highlands of the Pereslavl district.

The church owned a two-story stone house, where a public school was located, and 17 stone shops on the outside of the fence. According to the priest Fr. Grigory Elpatyevsky in an article published by him in the Vladimir Provincial Gazette for 1880. No. 3, 4 .: “The Nagorsk parish, in addition to the village itself, consists of 15 villages (state departments: Fininsky, Sidorkovo, village cross, own. and obliged. Voronkino, Rodionovo , Mikhaltsovo, Melenki, Vekhovo, Manshino, Ogoreltsovo, Korobovo, Ovchinniki, Kamyshevo, Ananyino, Myasoedovo and Torchinovo; in total up to 1435 souls m.p.) peasant owners, temporarily liable and state with a population of 1820 souls m.p. Their main occupation is agriculture, and in winter the peasants, who were landowners, are engaged in the weaving of paper products in 14 rooms, and the state ones are engaged in cooper work. The state of the people is not prosperous, there are few literate people, there is only one public school, and that one is private.

In the Highland itself, there are 114 peasant households, landowners, clergymen 14, church 1, petty-bourgeois 13, soldiers, in total 140 households, residents from peasants 325 souls m.p., spiritual in 3 clergy - 26 souls, nobles, merchants, bourgeois, etc. up to 35 souls temporarily residing in the town, total 385 d.

Upland has long been a trading village, Torgovaya Square in the center of the village belongs to local landowners and other owners. There are 60 shops on the square, 17 of them are made of stone and belong to the local church; moreover, two lines of tented shop premises. Trade is carried out in red goods, leather, iron and flour, meat, sheepskins, horses, wooden and earthenware, and other agricultural products; 4 shops with colonial goods. There are 4 annual fairs: Petrovskaya, Ilyinskaya, Preobrazhenskaya and Pokrovskaya, and weekly bazaars take place on Tuesdays from Pokrov Day to Peter's Day. During the summer, the weekly bazaars are closed. Most of the trading is carried out by outside traders; local residents on trading days are engaged only in the sale of food supplies. 3 taverns, 2 taverns, 2 inns, 1 wine warehouse and 1 oil mill.

4 roads lead to the village and in its center intersect - to Pereslavl, to Kalyazin, to Uglich, to Trinity-Sergius and Moscow. On the southeastern side of the village flows a stream of fresh, spring water, called the Melenka River, which forms a pond at the beginning of the flow through an artificial dam, very suitable for residents. In the village itself there are also large ponds, but the water in them is stagnant and therefore unfit for human consumption. For daily consumption, water is obtained from wells.

All land in 4 rural communities with. Uplands with 7 villages (Torchinovo, Anankino, Myasoedovo, Rodionovo, Ogoreltsy, Kamyshovo and Ovchinino - all of them are from the same parish of the village of Nagorya. In the entire Nagorsky society, according to family lists, 697 souls of m.p. and 765 f.p.) are counted up to 2390 acres, of which arable 813 acres. Church land -110 acres. Livestock peasants contain only necessary - horses, cows, sheep. The peasants do not have a surplus of products, therefore they do not go on sale. Various kinds of bread, potatoes, cabbages, cucumbers, etc., are sown in the quantities required by each landowner. There is no fishing in the village.

In Soviet times, the temple in which Admiral Spiridov was buried was devastated. Already in our time it has been returned to believers and is being restored.