The highest mountain in the world 4 letters. The highest mountains in the world

Evgeny Marushevsky

freelancer, constantly travels the world

Many people will confidently show the highest mountain in the world. However, what about the second highest mountain after Everest?

Here are three points of view on which mountain to consider the second.

All mountains are in the Himalayas.

If there is a place in the world that deserves to be called the hall of the mountain kings, then this is right here.

Michael Palin

This is how a famous actor and traveler spoke about Karakorum. It is here that the second highest mountain in the world is located, if you count from sea level - Chogori or K2.

Located on the border of China and Pakistan, it is located in the state of Kashmir and belongs to the Karakoram mountain range. Its other names: Dapsang, Godwin-Austin.

It is noteworthy that there was a long dispute regarding K-2, to which mountain system it should be attributed. Since the Himalayas and the Karakorum practically consist of one chain of mountains. As a result, a conference of scientists who gathered on this occasion decided to attribute Mount Chogori to Karakorum.

The height of the mountain is 8611 meters above sea level. This is only 237 meters below Everest. But if the highest mountain in the world could be conquered even by disabled people in prostheses and elderly climbers, then Chogori belongs to the most difficult system for climbers.

Peak name

The second name of Mount Chogori is K2. The letter K stands for Karakorum. Contrary to popular belief, the numbering has nothing to do with the height of the top. Just in this way, a European explorer marked the mountains in front of him:

• K1 - Marchebroom,
• K2 - Chogori,
• K3 - Broad Peak,
• K5 - Garshebrum I,
• K4 - Garshebrum II.

Of all the names, only K2 stuck.

By the way, on Soviet maps until 1960 the mountain was named after Godwin Austen. Further name - Chogori.

Interestingly, the Pakistani government charges climbers about $900 for climbing Mount K2.

Chogori - killer mountain

For the first time I encounter a mountain that cannot be climbed from any direction. Everest was a walk compared to K2.

Reinhold Messner

Why was Chogori called the killer mountain? Because not everyone she lets in to her peak. According to statistics, every fourth climber who dares to climb a dangerous mountain does not return home.

At the moment, Mount Chogori has been conquered only 300 times, of which about 70 attempts were the last for climbers. In terms of danger among the "eight-thousanders", that is, mountains with a height of 8000 m or more, K2 ranks second after the infamous Annapurna. The death rate of the summit is about 25%.

Why such a high death rate?

The features of the human body are such that when climbing to a height of more than 6000 meters, the body goes into survival mode. Sleep and rest, although they do not restore strength, but save their remnants, serve as energy savings.

If climbing a mountain depended only on a person, then one could still understand the failed climbing attempts. But at such a high altitude, much also depends on wind speed, accidental failures in crevices or frostbite, an avalanche, or simply diseases that arose due to lack of oxygen.

At altitudes above 6000 m, the oxygen content is less than 1/3 of the permissible value without risk to human health. And the temperature conditions on the mountain are severe: -50 ° C with warm air from Tibet! If it is not there, you have to be content with -60 ° C.

The icy surface of the mountain, unpredictable climate, the most technically difficult terrain for climbers lead to the fact that the mountain takes every fourth daredevil.

A history of ups and downs

The first attempt to conquer Chogori was made in 1902. Six Europeans led by E. Ekenstein and A. Crowley ventured to climb to a height of 6525 m.

The first expedition was not successful. Stormy weather prevented their plans from being realized. However, thanks to this attempt, it was possible to collect the most important information about the state of the Godwin-Austen glacier, which served as a reliable foundation for the chain of further ascents.

Seven years later, there will be a second attempt to climb the unconquered Chogori by an expedition led by the Duke of Abruzzi. But it also ends badly.

Progress was made in 1938, when the Americans set a record - 7925 m, and the next year - 8382. The tragic death of the expedition members, including Dudley Wolf, forced the climbers to turn back.

Victory in the Conquest of Chogori

The first successful ascent became possible only in 1954. Only a quarter of a century after the first attempt. The first climbers who conquered Chogori were the Italian climbers Lino Lacedeli and Aquile Compagnoni. From camp 9 they continued their ascent when they ran out of oxygen just 150 meters from the summit. Then, in spite of everything, the Italians continued on their way and were the first to reach K2.

The first lone climber to conquer Chogori without oxygen was Messner Reingold.

The first woman to climb K2 was Wanda Rutkiewicz (1986). If we take into account the ascent of Chogori without oxygen tanks, then the first woman was Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner.

Russian climbers conquered the second highest mountain in the world in 1997. And in 2007, the Russians made an incredibly difficult ascent on the western slope of the mountain, which no one had yet climbed.

The second highest mountain in the world in the ranking of mountain systems

If we compare mountain systems with each other, we get the following table of the highest mountains:

After Everest, which has a height of 8448 m, the second highest mountain that does not belong to the Himalayan system of mountain ranges is Communism Peak in the Pamirs, its height is 7495 m.

A Brief History of Ismail Somoni Peak

In the USSR, it was considered the highest mountain. Location of Communism Peak - Tajikistan. Today the mountain bears the name of Ismail Somoni.

Communism Peak was discovered in 1920 and mistakenly thought it was Garmo Peak. However, during the research, inconsistencies in height were found, so the mountain was renamed Stalin Peak.

The first ascent to Stalin Peak (former name) was made by Yevgeny Abalakov together with the Pamir expedition. Among women climbers, the first was Lyudmila Agranovskaya.

And in 1986, a winter ascent to the mountain was made for the first time.

The second highest mountain in the world: a comparison between the continents

The second highest mountain in South America is Aconcagua. It is also the highest mountain in the southern and western hemisphere.

Aconcagua is located in the Andes mountain range. Its height is 6962 m.

Climbing Mount Aconcagua is easy. Most often, climbers climb the northern slope. On the other sides of the mountain, the climb will be more difficult.

The first person to conquer the six-thousander Aconcagua was an Englishman. His name was Edward Fitzgerald. He climbed the mountain with an expedition in 1897.

Only mountains can be better than mountains - Vysotsky sang and was right. Mountains have always attracted people. Brave people, despite the cold, lack of oxygen, dangers and difficulties stubbornly "climbed" to the heights. What drew them there? Curiosity? Want to test yourself? Thirst for glory? Do you want to prove your superiority to yourself and others? Thirst for knowledge? It is difficult to find any logic in the inexplicable craving of people for mountains.
Let us recall the past years, when during the Great Patriotic War the German mountain rifle division "Edelweiss" with fierce battles broke through to the highest mountain in Europe - Elbrus, in order to install Nazi flags on its top. Why did the pragmatic Germans need to spend their energy on conquering this peak? Did Hitler even need such proof of his own greatness?
Mountains are the greatest creation of mother nature. They are great, powerful and eternal. Representatives of the species Homo sapience are deprived of these qualities. Rising to the sky, they try to join the great secret of the universe, and when they reach the top, they begin to see clearly. Against the backdrop of the cold gigantic peaks, everything that they lived before seems petty and insignificant.
Let's take a virtual journey and climb to the tops of the highest mountains of all the continents of the Earth and enjoy the fantastic landscapes that open before the eyes of brave climbers. Maybe we will be able to comprehend the secret of these natural monuments.

The main Caucasian Range, "under the command" of the mighty Elbrus, "cuts through" a dense veil of clouds (Photo source:).

Everest (Asia) - Height: 8848 meters Chomolungma) is the highest peak of our planet, part of the Himalayas. For many climbers, this mountain is the most desired trophy. But not everyone can climb this mountain. As a result, mountain climbers are sometimes forced to face cynical decisions about whether to rescue those in distress or continue on their way. Often the rescue of climbers in distress at high altitude is simply not possible, since here every step is given with incredible difficulty. Therefore, on the slopes of the mountains you can meet the bodies of dead climbers. You can familiarize yourself with very "unsightly" stories and photographs.

Photo on the left: the road to Everest, photo on the right: base camp at an altitude of 8300 meters (Photo source:).

Aconcagua (South America) - Altitude: 6962 meters
- the highest peak of the Andes mountain range in South America. Aconcagua "in combination" is the highest extinct volcano in the world.

In the photo, ant-sized climbers make their way forward towards the summit. A giant whirlwind of snow is circling above them (Photo source: ).

Sunrise over Aconcagua. The majestic panorama of the Andes appears in all its guise before the brave climbers (Photo source:).

McKinley (North America) - Height: 6194 meters
The summit of Alaska occupies an honorable third place among the highest peaks of the continents in our ranking.

Giant McKinley against the backdrop of the coniferous forests of Alaska (Photo source:).

View from the heights of McKinley. A dense blanket of clouds "creeps" on the peaks (Photo source:).

Kilimanjaro (Africa) - Altitude: 5895 meters
The highest point in Africa - the mountain is located in the northeastern part of Tanzania. It is a very unusual sight to see a snowy peak in the sultry African savannah. Recently, scientists have been sounding the alarm, the Kilimanjaro ice cap is rapidly decreasing in volume. Over the past decades, 80% of the ice on this mountain has already melted. As the main culprit of this process, climatologists call.

African elephants against the backdrop of the snowy peaks of Kilimanjaro are a very unusual sight (Photo source:).

On the way to Kilimanjaro. The landscape is fantastic (Photo source: ).

View of the veil of clouds from the highest point of the African continent (Photo source:).

Elbrus (Europe) - Altitude: 5642 meters
In Russia, there is also a mountain-record holder - this is the highest peak in Europe -. Elbrus is part of the Main Caucasian Range and is located on the border of the two Russian republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. In the past (about 50 AD) Elbrus was an active volcano.

Handsome Elbrus (Photo source:).

Camp on the spurs of Elbrus (Photo source:).

Panorama of the mountains, opening to climbers from the top of Elbrus (Photo source:).

Silent and mysterious land of snows and clouds of Elbrus (Photo source:).

Unusual atmospheric phenomenon. The shadow of the top of Elbrus in the morning haze (Photo source:).

The beauty of the Elbrus region. End of all seasons. Green alpine meadows and spurs of Elbrus covered with snow (Photo source:).

At the top of Elbrus - a fantastic world of white snow and clouds (Photo source:).

Vinson Massif (Antarctica) - Height: 4892 meters
The coldest continent of the planet - Antarctica also has its mountains. The highest of them were discovered relatively recently, at the end of the 50s of the last century. The Vinson Massif is part of the Ellsworth Mountains and is located 1200 kilometers from the southernmost point of the planet.

This is what the Vinson Array looks like from space (Photo Source:

On Earth, there are fourteen mountain peaks with a height of more than eight thousand meters. All these peaks are located in Central Asia. But most of the highest mountain peaks are in the Himalayas.
They are also called the "roof of the world." Climbing such mountains is a very dangerous occupation. Until the middle of the last century, it was believed that mountains above eight thousand meters were inaccessible to humans.
We have compiled a rating of ten, which includes the highest mountains in the world.

It is also customary to single out the 7 highest mountain peaks in the world, one for each part of the world. Climbers who have conquered all these mountains are included in the honorary Seven Summits Club.
There are 2 main lists of the seven peaks of the world. More difficult to climb is the list compiled by the Italian climber Reinhold Messner. In this list, in addition to Asia, Europe, South and North America, Africa, Antarctica, not Australia appears as part of the world, but Australasia, i.e. a region that includes Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and the adjacent islands of the Pacific Ocean. Accordingly, instead of the highest peak in Australia - Mount Kosciuszko, whose height is only 2228 meters and which is very easy to conquer, the list includes Mount Jaya in New Guinea, whose height is 4884 meters and which was first conquered only in 1962. The list, compiled by the American climber Richard Bass, is more traditional in terms of Russian geography, it lists Australia as part of the world, not Australasia.
Thus, the highest peaks of the world become not seven, but eight. In some interpretations, there are even nine of them, because. between geographers there are still disagreements about the border between Europe and Asia, so the highest peak in Europe is either Elbrus in the Russian Caucasus, or Mont Blanc in the Alps.

TOP 10 HIGHEST MOUNTAINS IN THE WORLD:
Annapurna - 8091 m

This peak opens the top ten highest mountains of our planet. Annapurna is very famous and famous, it is the first Himalayan eight-thousander that was conquered by people. For the first time, people climbed its summit back in 1950. Annapurna is located in Nepal, the height of its peak is 8091 meters.
The mountain has as many as nine peaks, on one of which (Machapuchare), a human foot has not yet set foot. The locals consider this peak to be the sacred abode of Lord Shiva. Therefore, climbing it is prohibited. The highest of the nine peaks is called Annapurna 1. Annapurna is very dangerous, climbing to its peak took the lives of many experienced climbers.

Nanga Parbat - 8125 m
This mountain is the ninth highest on our planet. It is located in Pakistan and has a height of 8125 meters. The second name of Nanga Parbat is Diamir, which translates as "Mountain of the Gods". For the first time they were able to conquer it only in 1953. There were six unsuccessful attempts to climb the summit. A lot of climbers died while trying to climb this mountain peak.
In terms of mortality among climbers, it ranks a mournful third after K-2 and Everest. This mountain is also called the "killer".

Manaslu - 8156 m

This eight-thousander ranks eighth on our list of the highest mountains in the world. It is also located in Nepal and is part of the Mansiri-Himal mountain range.
The height of the peak is 8156 meters.
The top of the mountain and the surrounding countryside are very picturesque. It was first conquered in 1956 by a Japanese expedition. Tourists love to visit here. But to conquer the summit, you need a lot of experience and excellent preparation. When trying to climb Manaslu, 53 climbers died.

Dhaulagiri - 8167 m
Mountain peak, which is located in the Nepalese part of the Himalayas. Its height is 8167 meters. The name of the mountain is translated from the local language as "white mountain". Almost all of it is covered with snow and glaciers. Dhaulagiri is very difficult to climb. She was able to conquer in 1960. Climbing this peak took the lives of 58 experienced (others do not go to the Himalayas) climbers.

Cho Oyu - 8201 m
Another Himalayan eight-thousander, which is located on the border of Nepal and China. The height of this peak is 8201 meters. It is considered not too difficult to climb, but despite this, it has already taken the lives of 39 climbers and ranks sixth on our list of the highest mountains on our planet.

Makalu - -8485 m

The fifth highest mountain in the world is Makalu, the second name of this peak is the Black Giant. It is also located in the Himalayas, on the border of Nepal and China and has a height of 8485 meters. It is located nineteen kilometers from Everest. This mountain is incredibly difficult to climb, its slopes are very steep.
Only a third of the expeditions that have the goal of reaching its summit are successful. During the ascents to this peak, 26 climbers died.

Lhotse - 8516 m
Another mountain located in the Himalayas and having a height of more than eight kilometers. Lhotse is located on the border between China and Nepal. Its height is 8516 meters. It is located at a distance of three kilometers from Everest. For the first time, they were able to conquer this mountain only in 1956.
Lhotse has three peaks, each of which is over eight kilometers high. This mountain is considered one of the highest, most dangerous and difficult peaks to climb.

Kanchenjunga - 8585 m
This mountain peak is also located in the Himalayas, between India and Nepal. This is the third highest mountain peak in the world: the height of the peak is 8585 meters. The mountain is very beautiful, it consists of five peaks. The first ascent to it took place in 1954.
The conquest of this peak cost the lives of forty climbers.

Chogori (K-2) - 8614 m

Chogori is the second highest mountain in the world. Its height is 8614 meters. K-2 is located in the Himalayas, on the border of China and Pakistan. Chogori is considered one of the most difficult mountain peaks to climb; it was only possible to conquer it in 1954.
Of the 249 climbers who climbed its summit, 60 people died. This mountain peak is very picturesque.

Everest (Chomolungma) - 8848 m

This mountain peak is located in Nepal. Its height is 8848 meters. Everest is the highest mountain peak in the Himalayas and our entire planet. Everest is part of the Mahalangur-Himal mountain range.
This mountain has two peaks: northern (8848 meters) and southern (8760 meters). The mountain is stunningly beautiful: it has the shape of an almost perfect trihedral pyramid. It was possible to conquer Chomolungma only in 1953. During attempts to climb Everest, 210 climbers died.
Nowadays, climbing the main route is no longer a problem, however, at high altitude, the daredevils will face a lack of oxygen (there is almost no fire), heavy wind and low temperatures (below sixty degrees). To conquer Everest, you need to spend at least $8,000.

As a rule, the highest peaks of the Sikhote-Alin have a sharply defined contour and are covered with large stone placers in vast areas. The relief forms resemble badly destroyed circuses and mountain glaciation karts.

They are composed of sandy-shale deposits with numerous breakthroughs of intrusions, which led to the presence of deposits of gold, tin and polymetals. In tectonic depressions within the Sikhote-Alin deposits of hard and brown coal.

In the foothills, basalt plateaus are common, of which the largest plateau in terms of area is west of Sovetskaya Gavan. Plateau areas are also found on the main watershed. The largest is the Zevinsky plateau, on the watershed of the upper reaches of the Bikin and the rivers flowing into the Tatar Strait. In the south and east, the Sikhote-Alin is represented by steeply sloping mid-mountain ranges, in the west by numerous longitudinal valleys and basins, and at altitudes of more than 900 m - bald mountains. In general, the Sikhote-Alin has an asymmetric transverse profile. The western macroslope is more gentle than the eastern one. Accordingly, the rivers flowing to the west are longer. This feature is reflected in the very name of the ridge. Translated from the Manchu language - the ridge of large western rivers.

№ Mountain Altitude (m)
1 Tordoki-Yani 2090 Khabarovsk Territory, Nanai district
2 Ko 2003 Khabarovsk Territory, district named after Lazo
3 Yako-Yani 1955 Khabarovsk Territory
4 Anik 1933 Primorsky Territory, Pozharsky District
5 Durhe 1903 Khabarovsk Territory, district named after. Lazo
6 Cloudy 1855 Primorsky Krai, Chuguevsky district
7 Bolotnaya 1814 Primorsky Territory, Pozharsky District
8 Sputnik 1805 Khabarovsk Territory, district im. Lazo
9 Acute 1788 Primorsky Territory, Terneisky District
10 Arseniev 1757 Primorsky Territory, Pozharsky District
11 High 1745 Primorsky Krai,
12 Snezhnaya 1684 Primorsky Territory, Chuguevsky District
13 Alder 1668 Primorsky Territory, Partizansky District
14 Lysaya 1554 Primorsky Territory, Partizansky/Lazovsky districts
15 Taunga 1459 Khabarovsk Territory
16 Izyubrinaya 1433 Primorsky Territory

The inner ridge is much lower than the Main one (up to 600 - 760 m above sea level). It stretches parallel to the Main and is separated from it by an inter-ridge depression of 10 - 25 km. In places, there are isolated low mountains and short ridges with flat tops, formed during the erosion of the Inner Ridge. These are the remnant mountains Mangup, Eski-Kermen, Tepe-Kermen and others - natural bastions on which fortress cities were built in the Middle Ages.

Above sea level is about 250 m, the maximum is 325 m. It lies to the north of the Inner and is separated from it by a depression 3 to 8 km wide. The outer ridge is most clearly expressed between Simferopol and Sevastopol. It gradually decreases to the north and imperceptibly passes into the Plain Crimea.
The Inner and Outer Ridges are not only lower than the Main Ridge, but are also distinguished by a flat, even surface, slightly inclined to the northwest. It is they who form the foothills of the Crimean mountains.

On the Kerch Peninsula, two regions are distinguished, delimited by the low Parpach Ridge. In the southwest it is an undulating plain with a variety of isolated uplands, in the northeast it is a hilly-ridged area.
The soils of Crimea are very diverse. Each physical-geographical region has its own species. Solonetzic and solonetzic soils predominate in the Sivash region; to the south, in the flat part of the peninsula, there are chestnut and so-called southern chernozems (heavy loamy and clayey with underlying loess-like rocks); mountain-meadow and mountain chernozems have formed on the yayla; on the slopes of the Main Ridge, covered with forests, brown mountain-forest soils are common. special brown soils similar to subtropical red soils.

The name Tien Shan in Chinese means "heavenly mountains". According to E. M. Murzaev, this name is a tracing paper from the Turkic Tengritag, formed from the words: Tengri (Sky, God, divine) and tag (mountain).

The Tien Shan system includes the following orographic regions:
Northern Tien Shan: Ketmen, Zailiysky Alatau, Kungei-Alatau and Kirgizsky ridges;
Eastern Tien Shan: Borohoro, Iren-Khabyrga, Bogdo-Ula, Karlyktag Halyktau, Sarmin-Ula, Kuruktag ridges
Western Tien Shan: Karatau, Talas Alatau, Chatkal, Pskem and Ugam ranges;
Southwestern Tien Shan: ridges framing the Fergana Valley and including the southwestern slope of the Fergana Range;
Inner Tien Shan: from the north it is bounded by the Kirghiz ridge and the Issyk-Kul basin, from the south by the Kokshaltau ridge, from the west by the Ferghana ridge, from the east by the Akshiyrak mountain range.
The Tien Shan Mountains are considered one of the highest in the world, among them there are more than thirty peaks over 6000 meters high. The highest point of the mountain system is Pobeda Peak (Tomur, 7439 m), located on the border of Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China; the next in height is the Khan-Tengri peak (6995 m) on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.

Three mountain ranges diverge from the Central Tien Shan to the west, separated by intermountain basins (Issyk-Kul with Lake Issyk-Kul, Naryn, At-Bashyn, etc.) and connected in the west by the Ferghana Range.

In the Eastern Tien Shan there are two parallel mountain ranges (height 4-5 thousand meters), separated by depressions (height 2-3 thousand meters). Highly elevated (3-4 thousand m) leveled surfaces - syrts are characteristic. The total area of ​​glaciers is 7.3 thousand km², the largest is South Inylchek. Rapids rivers - Naryn, Chu, Ili, etc. Mountain steppes and semi-deserts dominate: on the northern slopes of the meadow-steppe and forests (mainly coniferous), higher subalpine and alpine meadows, on the syrts the so-called cold deserts.

From west to east is 2500 km. Mountain system in Wed. and Center. Asia. Length from 3. to E. 2500 km. Alpine folding, the remains of ancient leveled surfaces are preserved at an altitude of 3000-4000 m in the form of syrts. Modern tectonic activity is high, earthquakes are frequent. The mountain ranges are composed of igneous rocks, and the basins are composed of sedimentary rocks. Deposits of mercury, antimony, lead, cadmium, zinc, silver, in the basins - oil.
The relief is predominantly alpine, with glacial forms, scree, above 3200 m permafrost is widespread. There are flat intermountain basins (Fergana, Issyk-Kul, Naryn). The climate is continental, temperate. Snowfields and glaciers. The rivers belong to the basins of internal flow (Naryn, Ili, Chu, Tarim, etc.), lakes. Issyk-Kul, Song-Kel, Chatyr-Kel.
The first European explorer of the Tien Shan in 1856 was Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov, who received the title "Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky" for his work.

PIK PUTIN
Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan Almazbek Atambayev signed an order to name one of the peaks of the Tien Shan named after Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.
"The height of this peak reaches 4,500 meters above sea level. It is located in the Ak-Suu river basin, on the territory of the Chui region," the office of the head of the Kyrgyz government said.
One of the peaks of the Tien Shan in the Issyk-Kul region of Kyrgyzstan bears the name of the first president of Russia, Boris Yeltsin.

The Zugspitze is Germany's highest mountain
Bavaria does not claim to be the "roof of the world". But even here, in Bavaria, snow-capped rock peaks, even in summer, are the norm. For example, Mount Zugspitze - the highest mountain in Germany, is located precisely in the Bavarian Alps. From here, in winter and summer, an endless exciting prospect opens up to the snow-covered world of the rocky Alps. The height of the Zugspitze is 2964 meters.

This peak is located on the very border of the Austrian Tyrol and German Bavaria. The summit was conquered not so long ago, almost 200 years ago. Today it takes about 15 minutes to get to the peak by funicular or about 60 minutes (with transfers) by special train. This climb is very impressive. Even we, local residents, guides and tour guides, perceive this beauty every time, as if for the first time.

Mount Zugspitze is the highest mountain in Germany, therefore, if you choose the town of Garmisch-Patenkirchen as a starting point for this peak, then when climbing the Zugspitze, a special train will make a couple of intermediate stops, at which those tourists who prefer to “conquer” although the last few hundred meters on foot (in winter, these are skiers who do not need to climb the very peak). At the very top, amazingly fresh clean air. Here our guests have the opportunity to see enough of the beauty of the surrounding mountains and territories, wander around, enjoy the acute feeling of being chosen. Those who wish can take pictures with an automatic camera mounted on the top of the observation deck. To do this, stand at a marked point on the terrace and press the button located at hand. Everything, the photo is ready! Then, below, pick up ready-made photos or send them immediately in electronic form to friends or parents / children.

How to get from Munich to the Zugspitze in Garmisch-Partenkirchen
There are several options for how this can be done. Choose the one that suits your wallet and soul:

1. If you are not burdened with luggage and the habit of comfortable movement, then you can buy a train ticket and get directly to the city of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, from which, already by funicular, or by a special train, climb the Zugspitze.

2. You can, of course, take a car at any Munich rental office and leisurely, exploring the surroundings, get to Garmisch-Partenkirchen, and even better to the village of Grainau and the Eibsee lake, which is located on its outskirts, on the shore of which there is both parking and beautiful views, leave the car at the foot of the Alps and climb the Zugspitze.

Poland
The highest mountains in Poland are the Tatras, a mountain range that forms the natural border between Slovakia and Poland. Peaks Gerlachovsky Shtit (Slovakia) and Rysy (Poland) represent the highest points in these countries. We suggest you go on a photo tour of the Tatra Mountains. The Tatras cover an area of ​​750 sq. km, most of which (600 sq. km) lies on the territory of Slovakia, and the highest point - Gerlachovsky Shtit (2655 m) is located north of Poprad.

In turn, the Rysy (2499 m) are located in the northwestern part of the Tatras. This is the highest point in Poland. The Tatras lie in the temperate zone of Central Europe. This is an important barrier to air masses. Their mountain typography is the source of one of the most diverse climates in the region. Temperatures range from 40°C in winter to 33°C during the warmer months.

The temperature also depends on the altitude and the sunny side. Temperatures below 0°C stay at the peaks for 192 days. The mountains have a very diverse world of flora. More than 1000 species of vascular plants grow here, about 450 species of moss, 200 species of liverwort, 700 lichens, 900 fungi and 70 slime molds.

The Tatras have five climatic zones. The animal kingdom here is no less diverse: 54 tardigrades, 22 turbellarian species, 100 rotifer species, 22 copepod species, 162 spider species. 81 species of mollusks, 43 species of mammals, 200 species of birds, 7 species of amphibians and 2 species of reptiles. The Polish part of the Tatras was declared a national park in 1955. The lower parts of the mountains are overgrown with forest.

Mountains of Kazakhstan
Dzungarian Alatau is another famous mountain system of Kazakhstan. In some places, the peaks reach a height of 4500 meters or more. At this height, eternal ice forms. Rare species of animals live in the western parts of the mountains: gazelles, argali and mountain goats. The fame of this area was brought not only by endangered species of animals and the eternally snowy peaks of the mountains, but also by history.

Rock paintings of ancient Central Asian nomads and grave burials, which are over 2000 years old, were discovered in the mountains! The Tien Shan Mountains in Kazakhstan are located in the southeast. Some of the animals that live here are listed in the Red Book - this is the Tien Shan bear and the snow leopard. The Tien Shan Mountains are famous for the Khan Tengri peak, which is considered one of the highest in the world. Its height is 7010 m, taking into account the ice sheet. Without it, the mountain is 15 meters lower. The average height of the local mountains exceeds 4000 meters.

Another beautiful place is the Turgen Gorge, known as the Land of Waterfalls. There are many springs, hot springs, waterfalls and lakes with the purest water. A small river Assy flows nearby. Subalpine and alpine meadows roll down the slopes of the mountains. Not far from these places, there are Saka graves that hide the ancient secrets of nomads. Bayanaul Mountains Separately, I would like to say about these mountains, which cover the south-west of the country. Their dimensions are small - only about 50 km from west to east and about 25 km from north to south. The highest point is located at 1027 meters above sea level and is called Akbet. The mountains themselves are located on the left bank of the Irtysh River. These are very unusual mountains: layered, rounded, with almost no steep slopes. An interesting fact: for millions of years of existence of the mountain range, not a single stony rock has been covered with moss or vegetation.

Bazarduzu, Azerbaijan
Coordinates: 41°13′16″ s. sh. 47°51′29″ E d.
Height: 4466 m
Translated from the Turkic language, "Bazarduzu" is translated as "Turn to the bazaar." The mountain owes such an interesting name to the fair held in the Shahnabad valley. Numerous merchants and buyers, representatives of various nations, gathered here.

And Lezgins, and Nogais, and Armenians, Arabs, Persians, Jews and many others. The mountain, towering above all other peaks, is an excellent landmark for merchants from distant lands. The caravan approached the Bazarduzu glacier, and the drovers knew that from here it was necessary to turn left and here it was, the market square.
By the way, the local Lezgins call the mountain "Kichensuv", which translates as the Mountain of Fear.

Bazarduzu is not completely located in Azerbaijan, most of it lies on the territory of Russia. Therefore, the mountain is also the highest point of Dagestan (Republic of Dagestan).

Despite this, officially, Bazarduzu is the highest mountain in the country. Located on the Main Caucasian ridge of the Greater Caucasus mountain system, the mountain has a height of 4466 meters. This is the top of the watershed range and the last massif extending to the east. After the gradual lowering of the relief begins, the slope is covered with the channels of numerous rivers. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were eight glaciers, the largest of which was called Tikhitsar. The total area of ​​people was about 13.8 square kilometers. Now there are several small glaciers and a firn cap with an area of ​​3.6 square kilometers (firn is an intermediate state between snow and ice, dense, packed long-term snow). The Bazardyuzyu glaciers are the easternmost group of glaciers throughout the Main Caucasus.

Weathering processes play an important role in shaping the appearance of the mountain. Therefore, the slopes of the summit are very beautiful. A little lower are alpine meadows, where thousands of sheep and goats feed during the summer months. Chamois, roe deer, herds of the Dagestan tur are preserved here. There is even such a rarity as mountain turkeys.
The first ascent, officially recorded in the documents, was the conquest of the mountain by a topographer from Russia, Sergei Timofeesich Aleksandrov. In May 1849, he single-handedly climbed and installed a triangulation tower on top.
Azerbaijani sportsmen Turan Akhmedov and Rusif Bagirov can be mentioned as another record. They made the ascent and descent in just 9 hours. This is the local speed climb record.

Moldoveanu, Romania
Mountain in Romania. The height above sea level is 2544 m, which makes the mountain the highest point in the country. Moldoveanu is located in the very center of Romania, in the Fagaras mountain range (Southern Carpathians) in the Argesh county. Geologically composed of crystalline rocks. The slopes of the mountain are covered mainly with coniferous forests, with high mountain meadows located above.

padesh
The highest point of the Carpathian massif is Poiana Rusca. Height - 1382 m. Geographically, the mountain belongs to Timis county (Romania).

Pop Ivan
A mountain in the Ukrainian Carpathians, near the Hutsul Alps, one of the peaks of the Marmarosh mountain range. Height 1936.2 m. Located on the border of Ukraine and Romania. The top of the mountain is adjacent to the higher nameless one, 1937.7 meters. The shape is pyramidal, the northern and eastern slopes are steep. Small lakes can form seasonally around the mountain. In large areas there are meadows. Many rare plants grow.

Otiku
A pass in the Southern Carpathians on the Otik saddle between the valleys of the rivers Ryul Doamney (namely, its tributary, the Veselat river) and Dymbovitsa (Boyarkesu river) at the junction of the Ridge. Koltsy Kremenei, Muntsii Groapele, Muntsii Mezya (Boarkesu Ridge), and Kulme Piscanu of the Muntsii Izer-Pepush massif.

Budichevska Bolshaya
Mountain in the Ukrainian Carpathians, in the Chivchyna massif. It is located in the Verkhovynskyi district of the Ivano-Frankivsk region, south of the village of Burkut. The height is 1677.9 m. The foot and slopes of the mountain are covered with forests, above - meadows. The slopes are steep. The summit is located on the main ridge of the Chivchinsky Mountains, has several spurs, especially the long northern spur. To the east is the highest peak of the Chivchinsky mountains - Chivchin (1769 m).

Bucegi
Mountain range in central Romania, part of the Southern Carpathians. Bucegi - one of the highest mountains in the country, Omu, their highest point, is only 39 m lower than Moldoveanu, the highest point of the country. The mountains are located south of the city of Brasov. Geologically, the massif consists of three ranges - Bucegi, Laota and Piatra Craiului.

Vigorlat-Gutinsky ridge
The mountain range of the Carpathians, located on the territory of Ukraine, Slovakia and Romania. The length of the ridge within Ukraine is about 125 km, width - from 8 to 20 km. The valleys of the tributaries of the Tisza (Uzh, Latoritsa, Borzhava and Rika) divide the ridge into separate massifs - Vigorlat, Makovitsa, etc. From the north and northeast, the ridge is adjacent to the Berezno-Lipsha intermountain valley, from the south and southwest - to the Transcarpathian lowland. In the southeast it borders on the Khust-Solotvinskaya basin.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
The highest mountains in the world.
Natural monuments of Russia | Protected Areas of Russia (Russian). oopt.aari.ru.
Mountain systems of the world.
http://top10a.ru/top-10-samyx-vysokix-gor-v-mire.html
https://www.smileplanet.ru/dostoprimechatelnosti/gory/

Mountains are magnificent creations of wildlife. Sometimes they are so beautiful that it is impossible to take your eyes off them. Snow-capped mountain ranges and peaks make up beautiful landscapes. Many tourists strive to visit the mountainous areas, as these places give an unforgettable experience. Thrill-seekers all over the world annually conquer one peak after another, trying to reach the most unattainable heights. In total, there are a huge number of mountains on the globe, which differ greatly from each other in size. A mountain is called an elevation on land with a height of more than 500 meters. There are low, medium, high mountains. The latter include all elevations, more than 2000 meters long from the base to the top. At the same time, their relative height is indicated - the size from the foot to the top. Absolute height is measured from sea level, as a rule, this is a larger parameter. Scientists have compiled a table of all the largest mountains on the planet. The list of the highest peaks in the world includes 117 hills. They have a value of more than 7200 meters above sea level. All of them are located in Central and South Asia. The top 10 highest mountains in the world include peaks that mainly belong to the Himalayas (except for one). The Himalayas are the highest mountain system on the planet. It is located between the Tibetan Plateau and the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

Top 10 highest mountains in the world

1. Chomolungma: 8848 m.
2. Chogori: 8611 m.
3. Kanchenjunga: 8586.
4. Lhotse: 8516 m.
5. Makalu: 8485 m
6. Cho Oyu: 8188 m.
7. Dhaulagiri: 8167 m.
8. Manaslu: 8163 m.
9. Nanga Parbat: 8126 m.
10. Annapurna 1: 8091 m

Chomolungma - the highest mountain on the planet

Chomolungma tops the list of the highest mountains, formed in descending order. It is the highest peak in the world. It is located on the Mahalangur-Himal mountain range. The southern tip of the mountain is located near the border with Nepal, its northern point (the highest) belongs to China. Other names for the highest peak on the planet:

• Everest;
• Sagarmatha;
• Shengmufeng.

Chomolungma has the shape of an irregular tetrahedron, in which two edges are more gentle than the third. It is in contact with other mountain peaks, which are also in the ranking of the highest. These are the South Col (7906 meters), Lhotse (8516 meters), the North Col (7020 meters), Changze (7553 meters). At the top of Everest there are accumulations of ice, from which water flows along all the faces of the tetrahedron. The hill attracts a lot of extreme people who want to add it to the list of peaks they have conquered. With the development of tourism, this has become much easier. Travelers are required to undergo the necessary training, equip themselves according to all the rules, pay fees for transport services, communications, and security.

The fee for lifting and traveling along the route is several tens of thousands of dollars. In this case, you need to obtain permission for the expedition, which is paid separately. The entire journey can be completed in 3 to 4 weeks. The expedition includes accommodation in camps, acclimatization. The difficulties lie not only in the very development of steepness, which requires huge physical resources, but also in the fact that the top of the highest point in the world has abnormally low temperature regimes. They reach -60 degrees, which can pose a threat to human life. Plus, there are strong winds, solar radiation affects. The last section, leading straight to the top, is called the longest mile, as it is the most dangerous. This is a very steep path that is not easy to overcome.

Chogori - the second highest mountain in the world

Chogori is on the 2nd place in the top 10 largest mountains on the planet. Also, this peak is the northernmost of the list of all eight-thousanders in the world. This is the only peak from the top 10 that does not belong to the Himalayas, but to the Karakoram mountain system. It is located within the Baltoro-Muztag mountain range, which runs from Kashmir to China. She is also known as K2, Dapsang, Godwin-Austen.

In the late 80s, its height was disputed as the highest in the world. A group of US scientists said satellite measurements show a magnitude of around 8,900 meters, putting Chogori in first place in the top 10 highest mountains in the world. However, Chinese researchers soon refuted this opinion, setting the height of the mountain as 8611 meters. Conquering Chogori is even more difficult than the object described above. The passage of the path is associated with even greater difficulties. The figures showing the number of fatal accidents are 23-26%. For comparison: by the end of the 2000s, more than 3,500 travelers managed to visit Chomolungma, and only 284 travelers managed to visit Chogori, and for 66 people the ascent ended in death. Chogori is the second most dangerous mountain in the world after Annapurna. In winter, not a single extreme sportsman has managed to visit the top of Chogori yet.

Kangchenjunga - the third eight-thousander in the world

Kanchenjunga is located in the Himalayas, like the other 8 mountains on their list of the highest. It closes the top 3 highest peaks of the planet. Its height is 8586 meters. Kanchenjunga separates India and Nepal, running along their border. The mountain includes five peaks, 4 of which are higher than 8000 meters. Its name is translated into Russian as "five treasures of the great snows."

Until the middle of the 19th century, this mountain was considered the highest of all the peaks in the world, but then the calculations made lowered it to the third position in the top 10. Kanchenjunga, like Chogori, has a fairly high mortality rate when climbing it. The number of deaths is defined as 22%. This figure is not decreasing, even despite the higher level of technical equipment. The Nepalese say that the spirit of the mountain, which has taken the form of a woman, is to blame for everything, so it takes the lives of girls trying to climb it. For 10 years, the only woman to climb Kangchenjunga was British Ginette Harrison. Then the summit was visited by three female climbers: from Austria, Spain, Poland.

Lhotse - the most difficult routes

Lhotse is a mountain in the Mahalangur-Himal mountain range, in the Himalayas. It is 3 km away from Everest, the mountains are separated by the South Col pass. Lhotse, with an absolute height of 8516 meters, ranks 4th in the top 10 highest mountains in the world. From the side, Lhotse looks like a tetrahedron with 3 vertices. In addition to the main one, climbers make ascents to the Middle Peak and Shar, having a length of 8414 and 8383 meters, respectively.

These two peaks are more difficult climbing routes. The middle peak remained impregnable until 2001. The route along the South Face on Lhotse Shar is recognized as one of the most difficult in the world. According to the Italian extreme mountaineer Messner, who was the first in the world to visit all 14 of the highest mountains from the list of eight-thousanders, there is no equal route of the Southern Wall in terms of complexity. There is also a very high mortality rate.

Makalu is the fifth mountain from the top 10

Makalu is on the 5th position in the list of the highest peaks in the world. Its name translates as "Black Giant". From Everst it is separated by 22 km. Makalu consists of two peaks: Main and Southeast. This mountain has long been known to world-famous climbers, but the first ascents to it began only after the 50s of the 20th century.

This fact can be explained by the fact that at first people strive to conquer the highest mountains in the world, and only then they deign attention to the rest of the peaks. Unlike Lhotse, which has only a few trails, Makalu has much larger tourist routes. There are 17 routes that can be used to climb the peak. The French group was the first to ascend Makalu. In the late 90s, Russian climbers reached their peak by climbing the mountain along the Western Face. Technical is one of the most difficult paths. The ascent was recognized as the best of the year, the participants received the prestigious Golden Ice Ax award.

Cho Oyu is the easiest way

Cho Oyu, or Chovovuyag, is the sixth tallest eight-thousander from the top 10. Its height above sea level is 8201 meters. Chowowuyag belongs to the same mountain range as the higher mountains on the list of the highest peaks in the world. This is the Everest mountain range. Unlike the previous mountains, famous for their most difficult trails, Chowowuyag is considered the easiest to climb.

The path to the top runs through the Nangpa-La pass. It is located between Nepal and China, 30 km from Everest. This is the main trade route between the Tibetans and the Sherpa people of Nepal. Climbers also climb it. Despite the easier route, not all climbers manage to successfully reach Chowowuyaga Peak. There were cases of travelers dying from exhaustion or as a result of an avalanche. In 2014, an American teenager, who was 16 years old, was able to conquer this mountain. He became the first climber of his age in the world to climb Cho Oyu.

Dhaulagiri - a large number of peaks

Dhaulagiri closes the list of the seven highest mountains in the world. Another name for the peak is White Mountain. This massif is located in the center of Nepal, in the south of the Main Himalayan Range. Its feature is that it has as many as 11 peaks.

The height of the main one is 8167 meters, the rest have a height of 7193 to 7751 meters. Like other eight-thousanders of the world, which are smaller than Everest, Dhaulagiri was conquered only in the middle of the last century. Although the mountain was previously known as rivaling Everest in height. Swiss climbers climbing in 1960 pioneered the use of a light aircraft to transport equipment. The team paved the way to the top, which is now considered a classic.

Manaslu - Spirit Mountain

Manaslu is part of the Manmiri-Himal mountain range, located in the central part of Nepal. Its name translates as Mountain of Spirits.

It is located on the territory of the national park of the same name. Inside the park there is a hiking trail that takes two weeks. Its highest point is the Larkya-La pass with a height of 5200 meters.

Nanga Parbat - hard climb

Nanga Parbat is on the 9th place in the list of eight-thousanders of the world. This mountain is located in the northwestern part of the Himalayan mountain system. It represents their end. Nanga Parbat is located in Pakistan. The name translates as Naked Mountain, and also - Mountain of the Gods.

Climbing routes to the top of the Mountain of the Gods are among the most difficult. Nanga Parbat is one of the 3 most difficult peaks to climb. The array consists of 4 vertices. The height of the main one is 8125 meters, the rest have dimensions from 6820 to 7070 m.

Annapurna - the most dangerous mountain in the world

Annapurna closes the list of eight-thousanders included in the top 10. But she is famous not only for this. The hike to its summit is the most difficult, which is why it is at the top of the list in terms of mortality.

This figure reaches 32%. With the development of technology and the improvement of the equipment of climbers, it decreased somewhat, but still remained the highest compared to other mountains. Another feature of the mountain is that it has the largest number of peaks - 13.

Wherever this question is asked, the answer will always be "Mount Everest". However, few people think about the meaning of this question. Most people on the planet won't try to think twice and will immediately answer it the same way. Everest. Therefore, it is not in vain that when we compare the highest mountains on other planets in our solar system (for example, Mount Olympus on Mars), we definitely put Everest in comparison. The truth is that Everest is not the highest point on planet Earth.

The peculiarity of our planet is that instead of an ideal sphere, the Earth is an oblate spheroid. Therefore, those places that are near the equator, as a rule, are much further from the center of the planet than those that are located at its poles. Given this fact, Everest, like all the Himalayas, can hardly be called the highest point on the planet.

Earth as a sphere

The understanding that the Earth is a spherical body came to people as early as the 6th century BC. The ancient Greeks were the first to know about it. And although this theory is attributed to Pythagoras, it is equally likely that it could equally have appeared by itself as a result of travel between Greek settlements. The fact is that sailors began to notice changes in the position and visibility of the stars, depending on the chosen geographical latitude.

Planet Earth. View from space of the western hemisphere

By the 3rd century BC, the theory of a spherical earth began to acquire quite scientific significance. By measuring the angle of cast shadows at various geographic locations, Eratosthenes (276 BC - 194 BC) - a Greek astronomer from Cyrene (modern Libya) - was able to calculate the circumference of the Earth with an error of 5-15 percent . With the rise of the Roman Empire and the adoption of Hellenistic astronomy, the theory of a spherical earth spread throughout the Mediterranean and Europe.

Knowledge of this was preserved thanks to the transfer from generation to generation by monks, as well as thanks to the scholasticism of the Middle Ages. By the time of the Renaissance and the revolution in science (mid-16th - late 18th centuries), geological and heliocentric views had become established in science. With the advent of modern astronomy, more accurate measurement methods, and the ability to look at the Earth from space, mankind was still able to see the true shape and size of our planet.

Modern earth models

Let's clarify the situation a bit: the Earth is not a perfect sphere, but it's not flat either. In the first case, I would like to apologize to Galileo, in the second - to the flat Earth society. As mentioned above, the Earth has the shape of an oblate spheroid, which, in turn, is a consequence of the peculiarity of rotation. At the poles, it is, as it were, flattened, and in the equatorial part it is elongated. Many space objects of the solar system have the same shape (take at least or Saturn). Even rapidly rotating stars, such as one of the brightest, Altair, have the same shape.

Data from the 2014 Global Earth Model, where brighter colors indicate points farthest from the Earth's center

Based on some recent measurements, it was found that the polar radius of the Earth (that is, the distance from the center of the planet to one or another pole) is 6356.8 kilometers, while the equatorial radius (from the center to the equator) is 6378.1 kilometers. In other words, objects located along the equator are 22 kilometers farther from the center of the Earth (geocenter) than objects located at the poles.

Naturally, it is worth considering some topographical changes in certain areas, where some objects located near the equator are closer to the center, while others are further from the center of the Earth, compared to other objects of a particular region. The most notable exceptions are the Mariana Trench (the deepest place on Earth, at 10,911 meters) and Mount Everest, which is 8,848 meters above sea level. However, these two geological features represent a very small difference, if we take into account the general shape of the Earth. The difference in this case is only 0.17 percent and 0.14 percent, respectively.

The highest point on earth

In fairness, we note that Everest is indeed one of the highest points on our planet. The height at its peak is 8848 meters above sea level. However, due to its location in the Himalayan range (27 degrees 59 minutes north of the equator), it is actually lower than the mountains located in Ecuador.

Mount Chimborazo

It is here, where the Andes mountain range is located, that the highest point on planet Earth is located. The height of Mount Chimborazo is 6263.47 meters above sea level. However, due to its location (1 degree 28 minutes south of the equator) in the highest protruding part of the planet, its total height from the geocenter is about 21 kilometers.

View of Mount Everest from Kala Pathar

If we consider the issue in terms of distance to the geocenter, Everest is located at a distance of 6382 kilometers from the center of the Earth, while Chimborazo is located at 6384 kilometers. The difference with rounding is only about 3.2 kilometers, which at first glance may seem quite insignificant. However, when it comes to the titles of the “most-most”, you need to be precise.

Of course, even after such explanations, there will be people who will confidently say that Mount Everest is still the highest point on the planet, if we consider its height from the foot (base) to the peak. Unfortunately, they are wrong here too. Because in this case, the title of the highest mountain goes to Mauna Kea, a shield volcano located on the island of Hawaii. The height of the mountain from the base to the very top at Mauna Kea is 10,206 meters. This is the highest mountain on our planet. However, most of the mountain goes several thousand meters deep into the ocean, and therefore we can only see its peak with a height of 4207 meters.

However, those who consider Everest to be the highest mountain according to its height above sea level will be right. If we consider its height as the height above sea level, then Everest is indeed the highest mountain in the world.