UK seaports. Port city england

The northernmost port in Essex, on the North Sea coast. Has a regular ferry service with the Netherlands (Hoek van Holland) and Denmark (Esbjerg). Cruise ships also depart from Port of Harwich. Ferry and cruise ship timetables at www.harwichconnexions.co.uk/flash08_04_28/index.html

On the Thames, 30 km from the Tower Bridge, there is a cruise port terminal - an ancient structure, quite modest by today's standards. From here, liners go on cruises around the UK, to the fjords of Norway, to the geysers of Iceland.
You can get to "Port of Tilbury" by taxi or suburban train.

UK airports

Air transport is gaining popularity in the UK. The country has 450 civil airports serving both international and domestic airlines.

"Heathrow" is a kind of giant, because it is the largest airport in the country, the leader in terms of occupancy in the European expanses and occupies the 4th place on the planet. The air hub is located about 25 km southwest of central London. With the participation of 70 airlines, the flagship serves almost 200 destinations around the world. Heathrow has 5 terminals with a service system, cafes, lounges, ATMs, a business center, Wi-Fi, and multi-storey parking. Directly at the airport you can arrange a car rental or take a taxi. Do you want to continue your journey by public transport? Welcome to the train station or subway, as well as the bus, ready to take you to the Victoria bus station. Other information is available on the airport portal - www.heathrowairport.ru/.

The second place of the charts of the most demanded air hubs in Great Britain is occupied by "Gatwick", while in the category of the busiest airports it is considered the first on the planet. With only one runway and a couple of terminals, this air hub is in the lead. The place of registration of the air station is Crowley, which is located 40 km from Brighton and 46 from London.
The terminals are connected by a free metro line, ready to move you from the north of Gatwick to the south and vice versa in less than 2 minutes. The infrastructure of the airport, as it should be the second most popular airport in the state, is on top. There are shops, a children's center, a meeting room, and restaurants. And there is a kaleidoscope of hotels nearby, including a capsule hotel. You can continue your journey around the UK by car (taxi or rental) and buses. For more information on Gatwick: www.gatwickairport.com/.

In third place, thanks to a sharp increase in passenger traffic in the last decade, settled "Stansted", separated from London by 48 kilometers. "Stansted" is not only an air hub, but also a kind of architectural landmark. All thanks to the unusual shape of the terminal with a floating roof, similar to a flying swan, fixed on a frame from the "exposure" of pipes that mask communications. You can leave the airport either by car or by bus or by rail. Other data here - www.stanstedairport.com/.

Manchester Airport

"Manchester", which is "registered" near the city of the same name, ranks fourth in the UK in terms of scale, but the first in terms of workload among the non-capital "brothers". The three terminals of the air hub are connected by internal convenient passages, and without leaving the building, you can go to the railway station or the Radisson hotel. Equipped with "Manchester" and a bus station from which you can go around the clock to many cities in the UK, as well as a taxi service. For more information, welcome to www.manchesterairport.co.uk/.

Edinburgh airport

Edinburgh “, settled in the lands of Scotland, 13 km from the city of the same name, despite its modesty, ranks 8th in terms of scale. In addition, over the past decade, the territory of the airport has been continuously expanding and modernizing. You can learn more about Edinburgh by going to www.edinburghairport.com/.

This air hub is nestled right at the base of the Rock of Gibraltar - majestic, beautiful and so inaccessible. Despite the fact that this airport is at the disposal of the army, flights for civilians are also provided here.

Located near Liverpool (12 km), the airport previously bore a less famous name. Who knows, perhaps due to the name change, this air terminal is the fastest growing among its European "brothers". Liverpool John Lennon has a bus station, taxi service and other blocks of services that travelers may need. Learn more at www.liverpooljohnlennonairport.com/.

The air gate of the South West Territory of England is located 13 km from Bristol. Bristol is one of the top 10 busiest air hubs in the country and continues to develop actively. You can leave the airport either by buses going to the bus and railway stations in Bristol, or by taxi. About everything - www.bristolairport.co.uk/.

Cardiff airport

This airport is the only one in Wales with international flights. The airport was established near the city - 20 km. By the way, it has other names - "Roose", in honor of the village where it is located, as well as "Cardiff Wales". Free buses run to the nearest train station. Other data is set out here - www.cwlfly.com/.

An extensive railway network, one of the oldest on the planet, is the pride of the British. Until now, the trains include old cars, as if they came out of a fairy tale, if you are lucky, you can ride in this. The total length of the tracks is 34,000 km. The center of the British railway network, as befits a capital, is London. London's 14 train stations serve intercity and suburban routes, as well as the international line via the Eurotunnel.

The popularity of railway transportation is due to the speed of movement of trains, which has a significant advantage over the speed of movement by buses. Also, the ratio of cost of travel and comfort is in favor of the railway. Meanwhile, there is a great variation in prices, all because the railway business (namely, trains) is owned simultaneously by about 25 private firms. Some of the companies just adhere to standards, not chasing special speed indicators, while others are constantly improving technologies, so their services are more expensive. Seasoned travelers recommend changing operators along the way, so you will achieve the optimal combination of speed, quality and price. During peak hours (weekdays from 6 to 9 in the morning and from 4 to 7 in the afternoon), it is better not to plan movement, since rail transport is in great demand by local residents. And be sure to book your train tickets in advance (at least 7 days in advance, or better yet 14), you can do this directly on the website of the national railway - www.nationalrail.co.uk/.

Metro

In the UK, you can travel by tube in London, Newcastle, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Nottingham, Glasgow and Sheffield. By the way, the first metro was born in England, and the locals are proud of this fact. The cost of using the metro differs not only on the number of trips purchased / the validity of the pass (1 day, week, month, etc.), but also on the day of the week, time of travel. The benchmark is around £ 1 per ride. Trains follow not only underground tracks, but also on the surface, so you can admire the view of the city you have chosen for relaxation. You can copy the metro map by going to www.planetolog.ru/map-metro.php?country\u003dGB and www.200stran.ru/subway_country43.html.

There are many different types of taxis in the country, the prices for services of which differ depending on the class of the car, its surroundings and the professionalism of drivers undergoing special training and exams. In any city in the UK, a license for taxi services can be obtained by both owners of cars and minibuses. There is no single distinction in the country that a car is a taxi, the plates differ, but are invariably present, as a rule, in the rear of the body or on the roof. Sometimes the identification mark is the color - like in London. In Great Britain, special taxi services "minicab" have been created, the fleets of which consist of minivans or sedans, where travel is also counted according to the meter, only the iron "horses" should be ordered in advance. You can consider the following combination as a guideline for prices: landing - £ 1.2, each kilometer - £ 0.72. In the meantime, don't forget about the traditional UK tip of 10%. Sometimes there are cars without a meter, then the amount can be negotiated, and it will be less than the specified rate, but you risk getting to the company without insurance and a license, and such a business in the UK is punishable.

Buses are quite popular in the UK, both within cities and between cities or to other states. The quality of service is at the European level, the prices cannot be called cheap. True, there is a choice between different companies, so there is always a chance to find a better price. You can also win in payment by buying travel passes, the most popular of which are one-day passes. There are also night flights, which are slightly more expensive than regular routes. The cost of each bus trip within the city can be entered into the expense plan as £ 1.
Remember the important point: when using buses, do not expect to cover the distance faster than traveling, in the UK the opposite is true.
The end point of arrival / departure of an intercity direction is usually the city center, and this is very convenient. The bus "calling card" of Great Britain is the double-decker buses, of which there are an abundance in London, - spacious, with an excellent angle of view, loved by tourists, so you will have a good ride.
Which bus companies provide the best prices? Seasoned tourists praise Megabus - www.uk.megabus.com (international traffic) and CityLink - www.citylink.co.uk (Scotland orientation).

Attention: driving on the left in the UK!
You can rent a car at one of the many companies that provide this service. Often, right at the airports, you can draw up a contract and go on a trip by car. You can rent a car upon reaching the age of 21, with an international driver's license, at least a year of driving experience and insurance. A prerequisite is the payment of a deposit equal to the estimated cost of the rental.
When renting a car, you should remember that traffic safety in the UK is very high, compliance with the rules is strict, and the penalties for traffic violations are very strict. The most intensive traffic on the roads is in cities and suburbs. In London, entrance to some zones is paid, parking is also paid.

You are already familiar with UK transport in absentia, it's time to start putting your knowledge into practice!

The UK economy is highly dependent on the health of the national merchant marine. According to the Department of Transport and the UK Shipping Chamber, about 95% of the tonnage and 75% of the value of British foreign trade goods, as well as up to 25% of domestic trade goods, are transported by water.

To service marine merchant and passenger ships, as well as to handle cargo, the UK has built more than 70 international commercial seaports of commercial importance, as well as more than 200 small port points where local cargo is handled. More than 565 million tons of cargo are transshipped through British ports annually, of which about 220 million are imported and 180 million are imported. export, as well as carried up to 30 million passengers.

All areas of the UK, except the West Midlands, are connected with seaports, which serve as major transport hubs. The largest of them are London, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow, Bristol, Newcastle. (Figure 1 shows all ports in the UK).

The largest British port - London, which is the second in the world after New York, is located on the Thames, 45 km from its mouth. 40-50% of all UK imports and about 25% of exports go through London. Docks, wharves, warehouses, stretching for tens of kilometers, mainly on the northern bank of the Thames, were built at different times by various companies. For unloading and loading operations in the port of London, in addition to floating cranes, about 9 thousand so-called lighters (lighters) are widely used - self-propelled barges with a carrying capacity of 20 to 100 tons.

London is inferior in terms of cargo turnover Liverpool, in the Mersei estuary, also one of the world's largest ports. Liverpool rivals London in terms of its export role. The port of Liverpool also handles 30% of the country's maritime passenger turnover (about 1 million passengers per year). In addition to the docks of Liverpool itself, stretching for 18 km along the right bank of the Mersey estuary, the port of Liverpool also includes the docks of nearby cities that are part of the conurbation of Greater Liverpool, in particular Birkenhead and Wallace on the left bank of the Mersey estuary.

Manchester is a major port in Great Britain. Connected with the mouth of the river. The Mersey, which flows into the Irish Sea, is a 58 km long shipping channel. The Port of Manchester includes 20 tidal dock basins, part of a canal, piers and quays. The length of the mooring front is 17 km with depths up to 12.2 m. The port has specialized berths for tankers, ore carriers and vessels carrying containers. About 70% of the total turnover of sea cargo is liquid cargo: oil, gasoline, liquid sulfur.

The total turnover of sea cargo passing through Manchester is 11.4 million tons. The port has powerful loading and unloading facilities, 3 dry docks and floating docks provide any repair of ships and ships up to and including destroyers and submarines. Through the channel and the mouth of the river. Mersey is connected to the port of Liverpool.

Glasgow - a major port of Great Britain and one of the main centers of shipbuilding on the Clyde River, 34 km from the mouth, on the west coast of Scotland. The port includes dock pools, piers and quays. The length of the berthing front is 20.4 km with depths up to 12.5 m. The total volume of sea cargo passing through the port of Glasgow exceeds 5.5 million tons. There are 6 dry docks and slipways in the port of Glasgow, which provide any ship repair. Glasgow shipyards produce about 45% of all British shipbuilding. The port is connected by a canal to the Firth of Forth in the North Sea.

Bristol -large port of Great Britain, located at the top of the bay of the same name at the mouth of the river. Avon. Includes King raid, 7 tidal dock basins that span the entire river estuary, and tanker harbors. The rest of the vessels are handled only at the docks due to high tidal currents. The length of the berthing front is up to 14 km with depths up to 14 m. The total turnover of sea cargo in the port of Bristol is 3.9 million tons. The structure of sea cargo passing through the port is diverse, with a predominance of oil imports. The Port of Bristol provides all types of ship and ship repairs.

Newcastle - the port of Great Britain on the river. Tyne, which flows into the North Sea, 11 km from the mouth. The Port of Newcastle has 3 dock pools, a promenade and marinas. The depth in the roadstead is 6.4--12.6 m. The length of the mooring front is up to 6 km with a depth of up to 11 m. The following sea cargo is imported to the port of Newcastle: oil and oil products, non-ferrous metals, iron ore, chemicals, cement, foodstuffs; exported - coke, coal, cast iron, machinery, lead and other metals. The total turnover of sea cargo passing through the port of Newcastle is 5 million tons. The berths are equipped with loading and unloading equipment, there are warehouses, cargo areas, oil storage facilities, a shipyard, and a dry dock.

The country's insular position at the crossroads of important sea routes between Europe and other continents and the dependence of the country's economic development on external markets for raw materials and sales and the possibility of carrying out foreign trade transportation only by sea - all this contributes to the development of the country's merchant marine fleet and its transformation into the largest maritime power in the world.

For several centuries, Great Britain has owned the largest maritime fleet in the world.

in 1904, the British maritime fleet was equal to almost half of the world tonnage. From 1948 to 1964 the British merchant fleet was the second largest in the world.

The British Register includes 649 vessels with a displacement of over 100 so-called "long" tons. Their total carrying capacity is 15 million tons. Among them: 149 vessels with a total deadweight of 5.5 million tons for the transportation of oil, gas and chemicals; 453 vessels with deadweight of 9.3 million tons, hired as dry cargo and container ships; 47 passenger ships with a total deadweight of 100 thousand tons.

In the past, more passengers arrived in the UK by sea than by air. However, since the beginning of the 60s of the 20th century, the number of air passengers began to grow rapidly and now exceeds the number of those arriving in the country by sea several times. In total, the country has about 150 airports through which it is connected by regular airlines with more than 100 countries of the world.

According to the British Statistical Office, 77% of ships owned by British companies are registered in the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man or British Overseas Territories.

In the section to the question What is the largest port in England? given by the author User deleted the best answer is Bristol - one of the oldest and most significant trading cities in England - located at the junction of the rivers Avon and From. It is the largest city in the south of the country and the largest British port, dating back to the 11th century and being a kind of "gateway to England". From here they went to all ends of the world. Much has changed since the colonies, but Bristol is still one of the main port cities in England. It is divided into three main parts. The Old City is located on the right bank of the Avon, and Redcliffe and Clifton are on the steep hills of the left bank. A magnificent chain bridge (67 m long and 88 m high) stretches across the picturesque gorge that forms the Avon. Bristol is a vibrant university city with fashionable shopping centers, restaurants, shops and great historical sites.

Answer from Yolnyshko[guru]
London!

Answer from ЀEYDA ***[guru]
Goole, a port in England (Hull) or Kingston-on-Hull, is one of the main ports in England, in the eastern part of the county of York, on the banks of the Goole River and the Gulf formed by the Humber River, 33 km from the German Sea. Ghoul occupies a position on the east coast of England similar to Liverpool on the west; it is a folding point for Yorkshire's wool and cloth.

Answer from Gleam[guru]
Bristol.

Answer from NB[guru]
Southampton is the largest seaport in England, from which the Titanic sailed in 1912.

For many years, England held the position of a maritime state.

This was facilitated by the country's geographical position - located on the islands, England is surrounded on all sides by water, so the ports of England for a long time occupied the first places in terms of cargo turnover and allowed the state to support the economy through regular water transport.

Seaports are located along the coast of Great Britain, some of them are located far from river mouths. Major British ports have docks with locks. During high tides, vessels with deep draft pass freely into the docks. During low tide, the locks close and keep the water level high in the docks, allowing the largest ships to remain in port for unloading or loading at low tide.

The largest British port - London, which is the second in the world after New York - is located on the Thames, 45 km from its mouth. 40-50% of all UK imports and about 25% of exports go through London. Docks, wharves, warehouses, stretching for tens of kilometers, mainly on the northern bank of the Thames, were built at different times by various companies. For unloading and loading operations in the port of London, in addition to floating cranes, about 9 thousand so-called lighters (lighters) are widely used - self-propelled barges with a carrying capacity of 20 to 100 tons.

London is inferior in terms of cargo turnover to Liverpool, in the Mersey estuary, also one of the world's largest ports. Liverpool rivals London in terms of its export role. The port of Liverpool also handles 30% of the country's maritime passenger turnover (about 1 million passengers per year). In addition to the docks of Liverpool itself, stretching for 18 km along the right bank of the Mersey estuary, the port of Liverpool also includes the docks of the nearby cities that are part of the conurbation of Greater Liverpool, in particular Birkenhead and Wallace on the left bank of the Mersey estuary.

Southampton, the largest of the English Channel ports, is almost on a par with Liverpool in terms of ship traffic. It is located in a large natural harbor, protected from the storms of about. White and exposed to double tides - from the west and east, alternating every 3 hours. In the import of Southampton, food consignments are distinguished - fruits, early vegetables and young potatoes, meat, oil, grain, from other goods - oil and timber. Southampton is the passenger outport of London and the final destination of passenger express flights between America and England: a passenger disembarking in Southampton arriving from the west reaches London by train in 3-4 hours, while if he continues his journey by sea, he will only get to London in one day. More than 60% of the UK's maritime passenger traffic passes through Southampton.

The closest Manchester port to Liverpool in terms of cargo turnover is twice as low as Liverpool, which includes docks and warehouses along the Manchester Sea Canal, dug at the end of the 19th century. from the Mersei estuary to Manchester.

In the west, at the entrance to the canal, where the refining industry has developed, large docks for unloading tankers and oil storage facilities have been built at Eastham and Ellesmere Port.

Of the other ports in Great Britain, they stand out in the Bristol Bay Swansea, Cardiff and Bristol, in the Humber estuary - Hull (Hull), in the north-east of England - Newcastle and Middlesbrough, in the west of Central Scotland - Glasgow. At the Pas-de-Calais, the port of Dover is located, through which passenger traffic with France passes (ferries carry trains of the London - Paris line). In Northern Ireland, the port of Belfast plays an important role in communication with Great Britain.

Today, the ports of England have significantly reduced the volume of cargo transported, but they continue to work and bring the country a stable income.

Today in England there are 89 ports - cargo and passenger.

As you enter this extremely southern city on the banks of the English Canal, the slogan every now and then comes across: Portsmouth, the great waterfront city ("Portsmouth, the great coastal city").

Located mainly on an island PortseaIsland, the city is separated from the rest of England by a narrow stream PortsbridgeCreek, crossed by many bridges and roads, so you can understand that you are on the island only by climbing onto the observation deck of the 170-meter tower EmiratesSpinnakerTower, which is also called the Sail of the Solent for its special architecture ( Solent Is the strait that separates the island Wight from the rest of England). The observation deck is at an altitude of 100 m, and downstairs on the ground floor there is a glass cafe WaterfrontCafé overlooking the port. The tall tower overlooks the center and surroundings of the old city, the historic port, the Tudor-era coastal fortifications and new high-rise developments with a lipstick-shaped building towering above all others.

Despite the continuous strong winds brought by the hurricane Doris, on one of the gray-blue February days with ragged clouds and sudden solar insights, I went on an excursion with a local professional guide AndrewStarr, and he told me in detail about the centuries-old port past of the city, in the name of which, as in all geographical names of its environs, the word "port" is present.

IN OldPortsmouth we walked along the embankment, against which dull green waves crashed with noise. Here rises one of the most ancient fortifications - the Square Tower, SquareTower, built in 1494 and also served as the governor's residence. On the north wall of the tower in a special niche is a gilded bust of King Charles (Charles) the First, presented to the city by himself in 1635. Charged with absolutism, war against parliament and betraying the interests of the people of England and their "rights, freedoms, justice and peace", Charles The first was convicted and beheaded under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell in January 1649. On the day of his execution, the king demanded an extra shirt for fear that he would begin to shiver from the cold and thus give the crowd a reason to think that he was trembling with fear. Local legend has it that every time the king's bust was taken out of the niche of the Square Tower to be cleaned, the most terrible events in the history of England took place. Only in the last century was it cleansed in 1939, on the eve of World War II, and in 1982, on the eve of the Falkland Islands War. Since then, the niche was closed with a metal mesh to prevent birds from accessing, and the king was left alone.

Not far from the Square is the Round Tower, RoundTowerbuilt by Henry the Fifth in 1426 from wood and overlaid with stone in the 1490s, as well as the ruins of a church from 1212 Royal Garrison Churchdestroyed by German bombing in the 1940s, and the Anglican Cathedral of the 12th-17th centuries PortsmouthCathedral, in which the son of Charles the First, Charles II, was married.

In the 1650s, when Oliver Cromwell, according to the custom of all victorious revolutionaries, himself turned into a dictator, Charles (Charles) II was hiding in France and the Netherlands, and after Cromwell's death, as a result of the political crisis that led to the restoration of the monarchy, he ascended to throne. After Cromwell and his puritanical henchmen, the people happily accepted the "merry king", not alien to earthly pleasures. (He had only 12 illegitimate children he himself recognized.) Charles II married Catherine Braganza from an aristocratic Portuguese family. Being a 23-year-old “old bride”, a Catholic with a poor command of English, and a childless (three miscarriages) queen, poor Catherine was not popular in England. Despite the constant betrayal of her husband and the coldness of the court, she was a faithful wife, a fair ruler who stood up for the prisoners, and a brave scout in the fashion world. With slender legs, she even tried to set an example for wearing short skirts that completely expose her feet! Once she was accused of trying to poison the king, she was tried and tried to sentence her to death, but Karl stood up for his wife and saved her life. England owes Catherine Braganza her sacred custom of afternoon tea - she taught the king and courtiers to drink tea.

To the south of the stone towers stretches the longest embankment, decorated with monuments to English sailors, very clean and adapted for long walks. Here at the beginning of the last century there was a seaside resort popular with Londoners. Later, with the advent of large ferries and cheap travel to Spain, the resort died out, but the long piers of the Victorian era were left with entertainment, bars and restaurants. On a promontory protruding into the sea, a footpath runs into a medieval fortress. This is the castle Southsea castle, built in 1539 by Henry VIII, who was actively involved in strengthening the sea lines (and not just chopping off the heads of his wives one after another). The fortress was built with money received as a result of the closure of Catholic monasteries and in anticipation of aggression from France. In 1545, during a naval battle with the French, the king watched from here the sinking of his beloved brainchild - the largest ship in the country since 1511 Mary rose, which went to the bottom, taking with it 500 human lives.

The wreck of the sunken ship was discovered in 1971. The starboard side was completely destroyed by time, but the left side has survived in many respects, as are the guns, navigational instruments, metal dishes, tools, money and even the skeletons and clothes of many sailors and one dog. A museum was built around the ship's skeleton, where today you can see the only ship in Europe from the 16th century.

At the historic docks Portsmouth Historic Dockyard also houses Her Majesty's wooden warship Victory, on which Admiral Nelson fought and died at the Battle of Cape Trafalgar in 1805.

In the old town in a small bay you can visit the so-called Spice Island Spice Islandwhere taverns and brothels were located and where smugglers often hunted. They say that there were more than 400 taverns in the city, but it should be noted that, as a rule, they were tiny establishments for 15-20 people, and the port has always lived a full life, and there is a shortage of sailors, lovers of going ashore and having fun. , did not have.

Like every seaside town, Portsmouth has an aquarium museum Bluereef aquariuminhabited by fish, crabs and shellfish of the English coast, guests from the warm tropical seas and amphibians. Other local species include European spotted sharks.

There is also a large modern shopping center on the waterfront. Gunwharf Quays with an excellent assortment of shops and restaurants. Firms from Adidas before Wonderbra sell their wares at significant discounts, and small coffee shops and bakeries provide shoppers with lunch breaks.

Photos: Emma Krasov.Moreat “RealTravelAdventures "www.realtraveladventures.com and “Art and Entertain Me” www.artandentertainme.blogspot.com. Copyright Emma Krasov. All rights reserved. Email: [email protected]

Emma Krasov