Topkapi palace. Topkapi palace in istanbul

We did not have a special plan for visiting attractions in Istanbul, so we began our excursions from the Sultanahmet Square. What impressions we have left after I described earlier. After Hagia Sophia, we had a little rest on the park benches and headed to the Topkapi palace complex, which is located right there, to the right and a little deeper from the central entrance to the cathedral. Yes, we are a little tired of emotions after visiting Hagia Sophia. However, when they came to the square in front of the Topkapi Palace, they were again amazed - the Sultan's fountain, made in the best traditions of Islamic architecture (openwork, light, richly decorated), a close-up view of Hagia Sophia and its two minarets, a chic main gate, the widest fortress wall - everything is very monumental, ceremonial, interesting.

The square in front of the Topkapi Palace We are in front of the front gate This is a wall that surrounds the palace complex

Opening hours and the first courtyard of Topkapi Palace

The entrance to the Topkapi Palace, or rather through the main gate to the first courtyard, is free, only at the entrance there are armed soldiers, however, as well as inside. At the same time, the view from the park to the Bosphorus and the Asian side of Istanbul is simply amazing.

The time of visiting the museum, as always, differs depending on the season. During the summer period (mid-April to mid-October) Topkapi Palace is open from 9.00 to 18.45, and the ticket office is open until 18.00. In winter, the museum is open until 4:45 pm, and the ticket office is open until 4:00 pm. Closed on Tuesday. For the whole day, the museum is closed only one day a year - Ataturk Memorial Day. And on the first day of the holiday of Ramadan and Eid al-Adha, you can get into it from 13.00 to 19.00.

For those who know nothing about Topkapi Palace

If you are traveling on your own and you do not want to overpay for the services of a guide, then before visiting Topkapi, you need to know about its significance, structure and attractions so that it is clear where to look and what to pay attention to.

Topkapi Palace structurally consists of several courtyards, since, in fact, it was not just the residence of the Sultan and his family, but the administrative, cultural, financial center of the entire Ottoman Empire. The plan of the palace complex is well presented on the official website of the Topkapi Museum. The first courtyard could be accessed through the Imperial Gate (Bab-i-Humayun). Household and office premises were concentrated in it - a palace hospital, a bakery, workshops, a chemical laboratory (!). A smaller number of visitors could enter the second courtyard of the palace through the Greetings Gate (Bab-us-Selyam). It contained the entrance to the harem, the building where the sofa sat, the Tower of Justice (the sultan could not be present at the meetings of the sofa, but listen to it through a special passage from the tower), the treasury, palace kitchens (their pipes are immediately visible from the sea). The Gate of Happiness (Bab-us-Saade) led to the third courtyard, immediately behind which was the audience hall, in which the Sultan received especially important guests. This courtyard was otherwise called inner or "enderun", since the chambers of the Sultan went into it. It also housed a treasury, a school for the future nobility, and an observatory. In the fourth courtyard (the newest one), a beautiful park was laid out and pavilions were built in which the Sultan rested with his family and close associates.

Topkapi Palace was not founded immediately after the conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmet, but only in 1475 on the site of the old imperial palace. Before that, the rulers of the empire lived in a palace on today's Bayezid Square, from which nothing has survived. And their harem was located near Hagia Sophia on the territory of the future Topkapi complex (now it is the Tiled Pavilion). For a long time, the women of the Sultan and he himself lived separately, and only at the beginning of the 16th century was a large-scale reconstruction of the Topkapi Palace carried out and a new harem complex was built, in which there were a female half and a male, but now they were nearby.

The Topkapi Palace remained the official residence of the sultans until the middle of the 19th century, until the sultan's family moved to the Ciragan Palace, and then to Dolmabahce.

Exploring Topkapi Palace: the chambers of Valide, wives and concubines of the sultans

After watching the Turkish TV series "The Magnificent Age", you expect something more ambitious from the harem in the Sultan's palace, because Topkapi is the largest palace complex of that time. However, its size, furnishings and decoration are much more modest than presented in the series. Maybe the restoration, which is going on at an active pace, will fix this, but it will not expand the corridors and enlarge the harem rooms, and will not add light to them. How up to 1000 women could fit there, I can't imagine.

So, the entrance to the harem of the Topkapi Palace begins with the premises for the eunuchs. I would say that they are more like cells, everything is quite austere, although the courtyard is decorated with very nice blue tiles, it is cool and pleasant to be there after the city toasted by the sun. Then you find yourself in the inner corridors of the harem, at the entrance to which there are two gorgeous huge mirrors decorated in gold. Then we went to the chambers of the Valide Sultan (the mother of the current sultan), which do not differ in special luxury (but maybe restoration?). A harem hammam, traditionally made in light marble, is available for inspection. However, in general, the impression is not that oppressive, but not very joyful. Still, the girls, first of all, were slaves and lived like slaves, although they did not starve and did not wear rags.

I did not notice the rooms, similar to the chambers of the sultans (including Hurrem) and favorite concubines, which we all saw in the TV series "Roksolana," but maybe they were closed for restoration (many passages and doors were locked), or maybe they were just artistic fiction.

Sultan's chambers of Topkapi Palace

More luxury and sophistication, of course, in the chambers of the heirs to the throne and the Sultan himself. Although Andrey said that he had the impression that he was moving from one bathroom to another, more colorful))). This is all because they are mainly decorated with tiles with a predominance of blue and blue - the Sultan's colors. Before the invention of synthetic blue, its production was very expensive, so only very, very rich people could afford to use it in large quantities in decoration. However, I liked it - the wonderful paintings, the still bright colors, the finest work, and the coolness, which was facilitated by the fountains placed everywhere. Small taps were even located in the slopes of the windows to cool the air coming from outside.

One of the most luxurious is the reception hall. In it, by the way, there was also a passage to an underground corridor, along which the sultan, in case of danger, could leave the Topkapi palace and sail into the sea.

Promenades and courtyards of Topkapi Palace

The courtyards of the complex differ depending on who had the right to walk there. The yard for simple concubines of the harem is very modest. There is nothing special, it is fenced off with a tall wall so that no one except the Sultan could see the girls; the sultan's courts (and there are several of them) are simply wonderful. In the first there is a rotunda so that the sultan can admire the moon (it is written there). I also introduced myself as a sultan and admired, but not the moon, but the opening view of the entrance to the Golden Horn - very beautiful, you can stand there for hours.

And here is a short video about the interior decoration of the palace chambers.

The second courtyard of the palace could be visited by the visitors of the Sultan - pashas, \u200b\u200bforeign nobles, and it looks like a park in which it turned out to be very pleasant to walk.

But there is one more place where you don't want to leave at all. Passing through the Sultan's chambers, which were constantly being completed by various pavilions, we went out to the observation terrace. From it you can see the foot of the complex going down to the fortress wall and the waters of the Bosphorus. There were many tourists who took pictures, sat on the railings and at the base of the columns, so my oohs were immediately lost in the emotions of other people. And there was something to be impressed with - a gorgeous view of the sea, in the future the strait, Asian and European Istanbul. It is a pity that the photo does not convey the full scale and beauty of this spectacle.

We spent the most time there. I immodestly took a comfortable place and just looked and looked at all this beauty. Andriy managed to film everything he wanted and also get to know the Ukrainians (the only time we met our compatriots was there), discussed the political situation in the country with them, but everything was not enough for me. I wanted to break off a little and take it with me.

Treasures of Topkapi Palace

Decently tired, we went down to the courtyard again and saw a line to one of the inner rooms. It turned out that people are standing to see some treasures and this is included in the ticket price. I persuaded Andrey to stand and look, because the word "treasures" had a bewitching effect on me. And we did not regret it! You can search the Internet for "Topkapi Treasures" (do it right now)). Because we entered the first hall completely unprepared, and our knowledge of English did not allow us to properly understand what was in front of us. However, the phrases “sword of David”, “staff of Moses”, “cloak of Mohammed”, “finger of Mohammed” (if I am not mistaken in a part of the body, there were several of them) suggested to us that what we see is unique things. I had no idea that they could survive. Robes of the Prophet and his wife (very modest), household items, footprint. Then, attention! the hand of John the Baptist! I left the first hall, so to speak, a little "knocked down". Then there was the second hall - precious stones, gold and products made from them. The most striking for me were:

1. The cut diamond of Kashikchi (Spooner), slightly smaller than a chicken egg, is one of the largest in the world. According to legend, it was found by a tramp in a trash heap in the ruins of Tekfur Palace and sold to a spoon-spoon for three spoons. Then a jeweler bought it for 10 silver coins and then he got to the Sultan.

2. Box with emeralds (for the Sultan's crafts). And the world's largest emerald in the world is kept in the treasury.

3. Various jewelry with a myriad of diamonds, emeralds, rubies.

4. Ornate Topkapi dagger. There is also an interesting story about him. It was made as a gift for a Persian padishah. However, when the Sultan's ambassadors arrived at the Shah's court, he was already overthrown and the need for a gift disappeared. So the dagger returned to Topkapi and now adorns the treasury.

5. Orders awarded to the sultans.

6. Gold horse harness with a huge ruby \u200b\u200band more.

7. Several thrones of the sultans, studded with huge precious stones and covered with plates of gold.

8. And so, "on little things" - graceful sets of gold, various precious boxes, figurines, mechanical toys.

It is a pity that one could not look at it as much as one wanted. The guard (attention, one guard!) Strictly monitored so that people did not linger near the exhibits and did not create a crush. At the same time, the exhibits are only a small part of what is in the museum's depositories! In general, I recommend everyone to visit this exhibition. I forgot that I was tired, I want to drink and eat.

After that, we wandered around the territory a little more, but it was already almost 6 o'clock in the evening, and Topkapi Palace was closed for visitors. I wanted to go there again, but according to the museum map, an attraction can be visited only once. It's a little offensive, I would have looked at the treasury with great pleasure and plunged into the atmosphere of the Topkapi Palace))).

Address: Sultanahmet, Topkapi Sarayi, Binbirdirek Mh., Terzihane Sk 7.
Working hours: from May to September from 09:00 to 19:00;
from October to April from 09:00 to 16:00.
Tuesday is a day off.
Entrance fee: 10 EUR; entrance to the harem is paid separately - 7.5 EUR $
Russian audio guide - 5 EUR.

Topkapi Palace - the seat of the Ottoman Empire

Istanbul - "City of World Desire", as he was dubbed, looks like a marvelous oriental tale, in which a mighty Jin, released by someone from Aladdin's magic lamp, united two continents in a love kiss. It became accessible by walking along the largest suspension bridge on Earth, which connected the shores of the Bosphorus, to get from Asia to Europe. The city magnetically attracts a myriad of tourists, capturing with the screams of restless seagulls, the enchanting music of the sea, blinding with the grandeur of palaces, the grandeur of mosques, managing to appear different every time.
An unforgivable mistake, having visited a magnificent city, not to take advantage of a unique opportunity: to look at a real miracle - topkapi Palace - pride Of Istanbul, which is associated with many amazing stories, incredible secrets. Here lived the lives of many sultans and the incomparable Roksolana, who won the heart of Suleiman, becoming a beloved wife from a powerless concubine, to whom the great padishah was faithful until his death. Their graves are located nearby in the Suleymaniyah Mosque. Her tombstone, like that of her husband, is crowned with a large turban in recognition of the sultana.

A bit of history

The residence is located in a picturesque corner of Cape Sarayburnu, where the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus flow into the waters of the Sea of \u200b\u200bMarmara. From a strategic point of view, the area has been chosen extremely well: both continents are clearly visible from here. Saying the word "palace", the imagination draws a luxurious building, but this structure consists of a whole complex of buildings connected by terraces and courtyards.
In the 15th century, when the Turks succeeded in capturing Constantinople, Mehmed the Conqueror ordered in this area to erect the residence of the padishahs, which turned into the great Ottoman Empire, where her heart beat. From here 25 rulers ruled in turn. Here they were born, grew up, indulged in entertainment, ascended the throne, overthrew many, mercilessly threw them into prison, brutally killed.
For almost 4 centuries, the palace managed to remain the Sultan's residence. In 1853 this mission was transferred to Dolmbahce Castle, built according to European canons, and Topkapi lost its former importance. Only widows or wives of the deposed rulers remained to live there. In 1924 the building was transferred to the disposal of the museum. The Istanbul monument preserves about 65 thousand exhibits of the rarest collection of the Muslim world.

Travel through the palace complex

On an area of \u200b\u200b700 thousand m, 2 protected from external life by a high wall, there are numerous buildings with courtyards, separated by walls. It turned out, as it were, a city within a city with a mosque, a prison, various pavilions, baths, a dormitory and a school where employees and soldiers were trained. It was the cultural, administrative and educational center of the empire.
In front of the entrance there is a closed building with a beautiful fountain built by Ahmed III. However, its purpose is terrifying. After the execution in its waters, the executioners washed the blood from the guns and their own hands. And anyone who fell out of favor with the sultan, even the heir to the throne, could be executed. Since the blood of the heirs was not supposed to be shed, the pretenders to the throne were strangled.
They treated the executioners in a special way: they were forbidden to have a family, they were buried in a separate place. In most cases, these people were deaf and dumb. In order not to betray the secret, their tongues were cut off. Opposite the ominous fountain there is a gate leading into the buildings.

The first courtyard of the Ottoman state

Passing through these gates, it is breathtaking, representing the distant times when the ruler himself flew in a whirlwind on his horse through them, returning home in triumph. The heads of the executed people were exhibited here. Having passed Bab-i-Humayun, one can get acquainted with everything that is hidden from prying eyes.
The vast area accommodates a hospital, a bakery, office and utility rooms with the Arsenal and the Mint are intertwined here. The main attraction is the church of St. Irina with wonderful acoustics, where they cried out in prayers to Allah. Nearby, in a large garden, there is a flower kingdom, exotic plants, fountains, gazebos, well-groomed alleys. In the shade of the overgrown trees, peacocks once walked, fluffing their tails importantly, gazelles and deer proudly and calmly walked. A heady aroma emanated from the most beautiful roses, love itself was poured in the air, as passionate as that of Suleiman and Roksolana, who loved to rest in Gulkhan among the blooming magnolias. Now it is a magnificent park accessible to all. Then you should go to the Gate of Greetings.

Appointment of the second courtyard

Bab-us-selam (that was the name of the gate) was allowed to cross on horseback only to the ruler and his mother, the rest of the inhabitants had to go on foot, but they too rarely left the palace space. Before the walls, foreign ambassadors languished in anticipation of an audience with the head of state.
Tracks run in different directions. On the right side was a huge kitchen. We had to feed a huge number of people, so over 800 people were engaged in cooking: cooks and cooks, pastry chefs who knew how to feed up to 10 thousand people on holidays. Here you can get acquainted with kitchen utensils, a rare collection of porcelain, glass, silver dishes made in China and Japan. Among the huge variety, of particular interest is the sea-green table set, which changes color if the food was poisoned. He was a gift from God, since many of the sultans were sent to the other world in this way.
But the most significant place was considered the imperial council - the Divan, where statesmen gathered several times during the week to decide and make important issues. In an exquisitely furnished domed room, a gilded lattice was installed over the place where the Grand Vizier sat. From the next hall through it, the Vladyka himself was vigilantly watching what was happening. Nobody knew when he overheard the conversation. The Sultan's invisible eye served as a tremendous incentive for the conscientious performance of the subordinates' assigned duties. Islamic architecture is distinguished by the incredible splendor of the ceiling, which cannot be overlooked. Everywhere the ceilings are painted by the brush of a brilliant master with amazing various ornaments with a dominant red tint, decorated with stucco molding filled with meaning: the dome is a symbol of friendliness, and the descending sphere in the form of a lantern means knowledge.
Above the Divan, the snow-white Tower of Justice rushes into the sky, speaking of the vigilant vigilance of the Sultan, the formidable judgment that overtakes everyone without exception. Nearby - the apartments of the Treasury. From here you find yourself in the female part assigned to the concubines.

Secrets of the Sultan's Harem

What was he like? Beautiful women who are ready to indulge their master's sexual fantasies, catering to all whims or bitter tears, lawlessness, arbitrariness and unbearable suffering? Both. In the Islamic world, this harem was the richest; only one sovereign could afford this luxury. Beautiful captives of various ages and nationalities lived here, captured during the hostilities. They were presented as a living gift. About 700 beauties occupied 3 thousand rooms for various purposes. There were no Turkish women, but there were Armenians, many Croats, Georgians, Slavic girls, there is a mention of a French woman who was the cousin of Josephine Beauharnais. “And the virgins there are fresh fragrant roses, scattered in their wavy curls,” Byron wrote about them.
They were given new names, taught the language, palace etiquette, oriental dances, singing, playing musical instruments, helped to master needlework. Many showed talent: they wrote their own poems like Roksolana, they wrote music. Each was given a small amount of money for personal needs, artists were invited to entertain them.
The art of love was taught here. Odalisque, who enjoyed success, this gave the opportunity to become the mother of the Sultan's children and even a wife. If their master did not show interest in her for several years, having given a good dowry, she was successfully married. Such brides were highly regarded.
However, you shouldn't paint harem life overly sweet. Each beauty had her own responsibilities, there was a strict discipline and a kind of hierarchy. The obstinate and rebellious representatives of the fair sex, sewn up in a sack, were thrown through a stone gutter into the bay. Ibrahim I distinguished himself with particular cruelty, who drowned 280 women, receiving the nickname Mad. For the most part, the rulers were not cruel and despotic with concubines, sometimes guilty girls were sent to the walls of the Old Palace. They were looked after by eunuchs. These walls did not know orgies. Even the sultan did not have the right to visit the female half without warning, he was obliged to report his visit. A cage with gilding does not cease to be a cage, getting here any became the property of the ruler and freedom was only in the waters of the Bosphorus, where it was allowed to die.
After the prohibition of the slave trade in the XIX century. the girls entered here at the behest of their parents (for the family it was considered prestigious) or they were brought there by fraudulent means. It was almost impossible to create peaceful conditions for coexistence with different characters and temperaments. The atmosphere was filled with envy, squabbles, intrigues, all sorts of conflicts, because each was seeking not only the right to give birth to a son, but also to see him on the throne.
Constant supervision was both for the odalisques and for the heirs, because only one of them could take the throne, so others were often ruthlessly destroyed. The case of such a murder, based on true facts, is well revealed in the TV series "The Magnificent Age". Suleiman gave the order to kill Mustafa, who was born by the concubine Mahidevran, who was suspected of treason. As an elder, he was supposed to inherit power, but Roksolana wanted her son to take the throne. It is said that the conspiracy was organized by her. The inhabitants were indignant at the ruler's deed, seeing in Mustafa the best, most worthy of all brothers, more educated and wise.

Third courtyard

It was called the Inner Palace, and you can get into it through the Gate of Happiness (Bab-us-saadet). Amidst a lush garden with trimmed lawns, many flowers and fountains, this area was reserved for government officials. Foreign guests were received in the Audience Hall. The Sultan sat on a golden throne inlaid with emeralds, listening to the Grand Vizier's speech about the work done. Those present sat directly on the floor. The hands of the ambassadors visited were held by eunuchs to prevent unwanted actions.
The library storage of Akhmet III was located nearby. Soft sofas beckoned to sit down and enjoy reading, but there was something to read. The library consisted of over 3,500 different handwritten editions written in Turkish, Arabic and Persian. The manuscripts were transferred to another building, but the opportunity was given to look at the Sultan's clothes, ceremonial and everyday, consisting of 2500 items.
There is also a real treasury of jewelry made of gold, silver, rubies and emeralds, pearls. The abundance of jewelry is mesmerizing to the eye. In reality, not in the picture, you can look at the armor of Murat IV, see his throne. The next room contains an extraordinary dagger. The gold handle is decorated with a large number of diamonds, among them three large emeralds sparkle, one of them hides a watch. The third room is famous for its phenomenal value - the Kashikchi Diamond weighing 86 carats, the gilded setting contains 49 diamonds. It has the shape of a drop, resembling a spoon.
It is the fifth largest in the world, referring to the cursed diamonds, possibly due to a strange dishonest appearance. According to legend, a poor fisherman accidentally found him in a pile of garbage. How could the beggar know what kind of jewel he had found? Why did the poor man have a stone? He, of course, wanted to sell it. The crafty buyer easily convinced the poor man that it was just glass, the gullible man exchanged the find for three simple spoons made of wood. This was followed by a whole string of resales, exchanges, traces of it were found on French soil. It was rumored that it was owned by Napoleon's mother. Once the stone returned to Turkey, where he was noticed by the Sultan's entourage. But during this time he managed to acquire an evil glory: its owners died a violent death. Perhaps this is the price of the injustice that began with deceiving the poor man. Who knows.

Pavilion with sacred relics
There is a room here that is allowed to look in - it is forbidden to enter. She carefully keeps a tooth belonging to the Prophet Muhammad, hair from his beard, a sword and a banner, the keys to the Kaaba, located in Mecca, but the prophet's mantle is attributed to the greatest value. Paying tribute to the saint, the Koran is read here day and night. Even members of the sovereign's family were allowed to visit the premises only once a year, on the 15th day of Ramadan.
A large pool adjoins it, with a carved fountain in its center. Having turned on the imagination, it is easy to imagine how well-groomed seductresses, inhabitants of a harem, splashed merrily in the transparent water, stirring up the blood of their master with playful water games.

The fourth courtyard - the sultan's refuge

A cozy corner is reserved for the ruler. Here you can retire in a gazebo with a gilded roof, supported by four graceful columns, temporarily forget about troubles, enjoying peace and quiet, take a break from vain worries, disturbing thoughts and surging problems. The sofa pavilion beckoned to lie down, relaxing over a hookah. Statues of wild animals were installed behind it. From the height of the marble terrace, framed by carved railings, where a light breeze plays, gently pulling at the hair, a wonderful view of the bay with ships sailing by opens.
They say that this was the favorite place of Ibrahim I. At sunset he stood here for a long time, gazing at the quiet blue of the water surface, but even in moments of peace, being alone with himself, he did not lose his inherent vigilance and concentration.
Being in this amazing palace, you feel like a spectator of one of the wonderful fairy tales of Scheherazade, and so you want to hold time between your palms a little, not allowing it to slip away to watch this fabulous picture again and again ...

Istanbul travel guide on our website.

Daria Nessel | Jul 24, 2017

Topkapi Palace in Istanbul has been the seat of the sultans of the Ottoman Empire for over four hundred years. The whole life of a huge country was concentrated here, important decisions were made, ambassadors from different countries stayed here. This residence was the place of work and residence of the Sultan himself. Therefore, the Topkapi complex of buildings is spread over a huge area.

It includes everything you need - residential and farm buildings, baths, fountains, storerooms, food preparation rooms, and more.

An important place among all these buildings of the palace is occupied by the sultan's harem; up to 1000 women concubines and wives of the ruler of the empire lived in it. Topkapi Palace in Istanbul has operated as a museum since 1924 and is open to any visitor.

The cat in the Harem.

Photo by Rachel Mackay

Topkapi Palace - construction history

The very name Topkapi is translated as "Cannon Gate". It is not accidental, since a cannon shot was fired at each entry and exit of the Sultan. The residence had other names - "the palace of tears" or "the palace of weeping".

The construction of the palace did not begin immediately. Mehmed the Conqueror, who seized Constantinople, originally settled on the site where Bayazid Square is located, and on the site where the construction of Topkapi began in the future, the Sultan's harem was originally located.

The place itself was once occupied by the imperial palace during the Byzantine Empire, but by the time Topkapi was erected, nothing remained of it, except for the church of St. Irina, one of the oldest buildings in Istanbul. As the palace expanded, the church ended up inside Topkapi. There are four stages in the history of construction:

• 1470s, the construction of the first buildings, which became the working residence of Mehmed the Conqueror and the rulers who followed him;
• in the 16th century, the Topkapi Palace underwent a major reconstruction, in connection with the transfer of the sultan's harem here;
• sultan Abdul-Mezhdit I in 1854 moved to another residence;
• since 1924 Topkapi Palace has been functioning as a museum.

The most important events in the history of the palace took place during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent and they are associated with the name of his wife by the name of Khyurrem or Roksolana. It was she who insisted that the harem be moved as close as possible to the master's chambers.

Photo Rubén Hoya

Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska in Topkapi Palace: legends and facts

One of the most legendary personalities associated with the palace is the concubine who became the wife of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. According to one version, this girl was taken prisoner by Crimean Tatars in one of the Ukrainian villages. Then he was sold into slavery, and then presented to the future ruler.

It is believed that her real name was Anastasia Lisovskaya, in the West she was nicknamed Roksolana, and in the Sultan's harem, for her cheerful disposition, they gave the name Khyurrem (merry). By nature, intelligent, quick-witted and resourceful Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska managed to win the special favor of the ruler in a harem in a confrontation with his main wife Makhidevran.

The yard is in the harem.

Photo nodog please

There was a strict hierarchy in the harem, and it was not easy to break out to the top. The first step is the odalisques, which could never have become the sultan's concubines. Then they followed the gözde, who spent several nights with the ruler. Among them were chosen favorites - ikbal. Usually there were 10-15 of them. He periodically slept with each of them. If Ikbal gave birth to a son, she ascended to the highest level, became the main favorite.

The beautiful and charming Roksolana went through all these steps, attracted Suleiman's heart so that he fell in love with her, sending Makhidevan to a distant province. Over time, Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska acquired such a position that she received the title of Haseki, which placed her even higher than the sultan's brothers and sisters. Moreover, the sultan officially married her, and this was contrary to the traditions of the Turkish imperial court. Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska received the official title of wife and after that Suleiman did not know any of the women anymore.

In the last years of her life, Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska acquired such great weight that the sultan perceived her as his chief adviser, and while on campaigns, he received all the information about what was happening at the court only from her. She received ambassadors, entered into correspondence with foreign sovereigns. According to one of the legends, Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska was most likely poisoned by one of the courtiers.

Haseki gave birth to Suleiman many sons, among whom was the heir of his father - Sultan Selim II. Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska in Topkapi Palace is one of the most visited places inside the residence.

Description of Topkapi Palace

Topkapi Palace is located on a cape, which is washed on both sides by the Sea of \u200b\u200bMarmara. In plan, it is a rectangle of irregular shape, divided into four parts, the harem is highlighted, as if one more part inside the fourth.

All structures are surrounded by a wall of two levels: external and internal. Visitors are allowed into the museum-palace, but not everything is available to them, although they can pass through the main premises completely.

First courtyard of Topkapi Palace

The journey to the Topkapi Palace begins from the main gate through which the sultans entered and left, now any tourist enters them and enters the first courtyard, where the oldest church in the city in honor of St. Irene is located, as well as the mint and fountain.

Babı Hümayun / Imperial Gate

The steel door, built in 1524, is the work of Isa bin Mehmed. The side facing the first courtyard bears the Kelime-iTevhid (statements of the Islamic faith), the signature of Mahmud II, the main provisions on reparations dated 1758, and the signature of Mustafa III.

On the side facing the second courtyard, there are 18th century Rococo arches. The rooms on either side of the gate that were previously used by the guards no longer exist.

Only the Sultan was allowed to pass on horseback through the gates of Greetings, which lead directly to the central part of the palace. They currently serve as the main entrance to the Topkapi Museum for visitors.

The first building of the State Council was a wooden structure erected by order of Mehmed II (the Conqueror) (1451-1481). The modern arched structure arose as a result of reconstruction carried out in 1527-1529. (during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent) designed by the chief architect Alaeddin, as well as after a series of further successful renovations.

The interior walls were covered with marble in the 16th century. Beautiful ornaments, arched porch vaults and massive marble columns were also erected in the 16th century. The final touch that gave the council building its modern look was the reconstruction carried out in 1972, during the reign of Selim III.

The arched galleries were fenced in with gilded nets and doors with Rococo bas-reliefs. As a result of the reconstruction of the building in 1819 (during the reign of Mahmud II), two verse inscriptions were engraved on its facade. One of them belongs to Selim III, and the second to Mahmud II. And on the wall of the arch leading to the office of the employees of the State Council (Divan-iHümâyûn), the monograms of Mustafa III are inscribed.

The building of the State Council, also known as Kubbeatli (Dîvan-iHümâyûn), consists of three departments, namely: the council hall, where important affairs of the state were discussed, the office of employees, where the decisions adopted in the council hall were recorded, and the registry, from where documents and records about decisions were sent to the archive.

The meetings of the State Council were held 4 times a week. The members of the council (approved by the Sultan as the supreme authority), nicknamed the Grand Viziers, Viziers of Kubbeatli and the Supreme Military Judges of Anatolia and Rumelia (European and Ottoman Empire), were supposed to deal with state affairs, make decisions and announce sentences in court cases. Sheikh ul-Islam (Şeyhülislam), the highest official of the Ottoman Empire for the Muslim faith, took part in some of the most important meetings after receiving an invitation from the Council.

The rest of the employees were: the employee responsible for attaching the Sultan's monogram to decrees and other official documents (nişancı); treasurer (defterdar); Chief of Staff and Minister of Foreign Affairs (Reis-ülKüttab); writers of official communications, permits, licenses and certificates (tezkereciler) and clerks (kâtipler).

These meetings discussed state, political, administrative, financial and day-to-day issues, as well as considered important public affairs. The State Council of Ministers was also the place where the Grand Viziers received foreign ambassadors, and where the wedding ceremonies of the sultan's daughters with their chosen ones took place.

The rulers of the Ottoman Empire did not attend meetings in the Hall of the State Council of Ministers (Kubbeatli). Most of the time they watched the council meeting from a separate room in the Tower of Justice, which overlooked the Council Chamber. When the sultan did not agree with the decision of the council on any issue, he closed the window, thus signaling the ministers to interrupt the meeting. In this case, the Grand Vizier and the rest of the ministers had to proceed to the Audience Hall to continue the discussion of the issue, but in the presence of the Sultan.

The hall of the State Council of Viziers (Kubbeatli) has several features that ensure the administration of justice in the state. In fact, the interior of the Council Chamber can be easily seen from the outside through the gilded grilles. This openness of the premises means that all Council decisions were not confidential and were in the public domain. On the other hand, the fact that the ruler watched the meetings of the Council from his window was proof that, although he delegated his powers to the ministers sitting on the Council, he was confident that injustice would not harm the citizens of the Empire in any way.

Tower of Justice

The name "zülüflü" (braided) is related to the braids hanging on either side of their cone-shaped headdresses. Their raised collars and braids made it difficult for them to observe what was happening in the Harem while performing their duties, such as delivering firewood for the fireplace. Their commander-in-chief was the Guards Chamberlain.

In accordance with their assigned duties, they also had the corresponding titles: Chief of the Guard, Guardian of the Council Hall, Supplier of Pantries, Captain of the Guard, Producer of Dried Fruits and Nuts, Construction Plumber, and Runner.

Private stables / Sultan stables

The Helvahane Room of Desserts and Sweets, built during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, is divided into four sections. An inscription dated 1767 is engraved to the right of the entrance and the fountain. This fountain and the inscription Kelime-iTevhid (Muslim Declaration of Faith in the Unity of God) on the door were created during restoration work carried out in 1574. The passage between the Room of Desserts and Sweets (Helvahane) and the Room of erbethane / reçelhane is on the short side of the palace. An inscription was engraved above the gate of this passage during reconstruction work, with the name of Mehmed Agi and the date of 1699.

The doors are made in the kündekâri style, i.e. made of wood decorated with carvings with geometric elements. A mosque for chefs was built in the 18th century. Wooden thresholds and other wooden structures were destroyed during reconstruction in 1920.

Within the aforementioned Devshirm system, which existed from the first half of the 15th century to the end of the 17th century, the Ottoman Sultans created a class of loyal servants trained in the fundamental principles of the Muslim religion and Turkish culture. Some of the officers recruited in this way received their education in the palace, while others trained in the army. Ultimately, young people who received this education were appointed to high-ranking positions in the state apparatus. Since the 18th century, these high posts have been awarded only to indigenous Turks.

During the initial phase, young people were assigned as pupils to a Turkish family, where they were taught the Turkish language, traditions and other features of Turkish society. At the end of this entire period, they were sent to preparatory schools. The most gifted of them were distributed among the classes of the Enderun School. Here, the students studied in the following rooms: in the Big and Small rooms corresponding to the dormitory of the expeditionary forces, in the storeroom, in the treasury and in the premises of the Secret Chambers. Pupils who coped with the symbolic tasks about the functionality of each room subsequently had the opportunity to climb the state career ladder directly to the post of the Grand Vizier (The Greatest Minister of Defense of the Sultan's State Press).

The courtyard of Enderun is designed in such a way that the overlord's private quarters always rise above the rest of the palace buildings. The premises used by the Sultan were named the Conqueror's Kiosk (FatihKöşkü), the Chamber of Secrets and the Pool Pavilion. These premises were centrally located in the inner courtyard, while the premises used by the students of Enderun School were located on its outer borders. These rooms, facing the courtyard through their verandas, had such interior features as a small hall surrounded by dorm rooms, a glass room and a bath (hammam).

Enderun's chambers were arranged in a hierarchical order according to the level of the training classes. The Small and Large rooms were located on both sides of the Gate of Happiness (Bâb-üsSaade). And the chambers of the expeditionary forces (SeferliKoğuşu), erected in the 17th century after the demolition of the hammam of Sultan Selim II, were premises for the lower-ranking students of the Enderun school. The rest of the premises belonged to the storeroom, the treasury and the Secret Chambers. Also in this direction is the Agalar Mosque (AğalarCamii). In the middle of the courtyard of Enderun was the Pool Pavilion, which was destroyed in the 18th century and replaced with the Enderun Library (Ahmed III Library).

The establishment of a new army in 1826 after the abolition of the Janissary corps was also the reason for the creation of a new education system. After that year, the Enderun School and Institute began to gradually lose their significance.

Bâbü "s-saade (Gate of Happiness)

The Gate of Happiness or the Gate of Bliss (Bâbü’s-saâde or Bab-üsSaâdet) is the entrance to the inner courtyard of the palace (Enderûn), also known as the third courtyard, and separates the outside of the palace (Birûn) from the inside.

The third courtyard contains the private and residential buildings of the palace, including the Enderün school. The Sultan used this gate, which symbolized his power, as well as the Divan Square only on the occasion of special events, such as the ascension to the throne (cülûs) and religious holidays (ArifeDivanı and BayramlaşmaTöreni). On these days of religious and festival holidays, the Sultan sat on his throne in front of the gate, while officials and officials expressed their respect to him.

The gates represent the presence of the ruler in the palace. No one could pass through them without the permission of the overlord. Even the Grand Vizier was granted such permission only on certain days and on special occasions. The Gate of Bliss, which is the main door to the personal chambers of the ruler, remained always locked. And uncoordinated penetration through them was regarded as the strictest violation of the law and a challenge to the power of the Sultan.

The gate was under the control of the Chief Eunuch of the Harem (surnamed Bâbü’s-saâdeAğası), as well as under the control of his subordinates. The gate was erected during the initial construction of Topkapi Palace in the 15th century as a colonnaded passage with a dome resting on marble columns. They are made in the Rococo style and have decorations dating back to the reigns of Abdul Hamid I and Selim III (1789-1807).

The wooden dome, resting on four marble columns, reflects the Turkish Baroque style. It was erected during the reign of Abdul Hamid I (1775). Simple decorations of the ceiling and cornices, flags on the dome and its rim were made in the Empire style during the reign of Mahmud II (1808-1839).

The stone of the front facade is engraved with the inscription “In the name of our Lord, the Most Merciful and the Most Merciful,” the monogram of Mahmoud II, written in his own hand. The side facades were inscribed with the monograms of Abdul-Hamid. And the back façade contains inscriptions with the names of some of the rulers of the Ottoman Empire. These records also contain references to the reconstructions carried out over these gates.

On the opposite side of the gate were the premises of the Chief Harem Eunuch (Bâbü’s-saâdeAğası) and the White Eunuchs (Akağalar), who were responsible for the third courtyard. These rooms were entered through an arched passage (dated to the 16th century) from the side of the Divan Square.

ArzOdası (Audience Hall or Throne Room)

The monogram, engraved on the marble on both sides of the door and belonging to Sultan Abdul-Majid, was of course added during the restoration. The walls were covered in the 19th century with ceramic panels dating from the 16th century. The fountain on the right side of the entrance was installed by order of Suleiman the Magnificent. Above the entrance, which was used by the rulers, is a monogram of Mustafa III (1757-1774), containing records of the reconstruction. This room also has the epigraph of Mahmud II engraved above the aforementioned Pişkeş entrance (for making gifts).

Sultan Ahmed III Library / Enderun Library

The interior of the library of Sultan Ahmed III is decorated with 16th century Iznik ceramics. Pottery was brought to Topkapi Palace from other imperial palaces and mansions in Istanbul. The domes and vaults of the library are decorated with floral motifs made of decorative plaster malakâri - a technique that personifies the era of tulips. The door and window shutters are made of ivory decorated with classic geometric patterns. The window and door frames are covered with 17th century tiles. The ceilings are decorated with stone, decorated with geometric shapes, the same as in the Pavilions of Baghdad and Yerevan. There are bookshelves with silver trim between the windows.

The library's book collection consists of books from the personal collection of Ahmed III, as well as books belonging to Abdul-Hamid I and Selim III. These books were placed in the building of the Palace Library in 1965.

Expeditionary force dormitory

The dormitory of the expeditionary forces (SeferliKoğuşu) was built in 1635 by decree of Murad IV (1623-1640) on the territory vacated after the demolition of the hammam (HünkârHamamı). On the territory of the old hostel of the expeditionary forces there was a fountain opposite the hammam, baths, a small mosque and the building of the hostel itself.

The building was demolished and rebuilt by order of Ahmed III in 1719 due to the construction of the Enderun library. In the same period, passages with columns belonging to the destroyed Pavilion with a pool were added to the front of the building.

The structure of the building, supported by seven columns, has been perfectly preserved to this day. The cylindrical vaults of the main hall of the expeditionary forces' dormitory, which consists of two halls connected to each other, rest on arches and columns. The small hall, belonging to the sea front, has a wooden ceiling. The epigraph, engraved above the entrance, bears the monogram of Sultan Mahmud II (1808-1839), who ordered the reconstruction of the premises.

Shirvan, glass boxes and wooden beds were removed from the halls during the reconstruction carried out in 1916. The inscription above the main entrance to the premises contains the name of the ruler Mehmed Resad V, who initiated all these reconstructions and changes in the year of Hijri (1916 according to the Gregorian calendar).

The epigraph reads: "This building, which is the hostel of the Enderun Expeditionary Force, was restored and transformed into the Imperial Treasury in accordance with the sovereign order and the highest instructions of Emir the Faithful, His Majesty Sultan Mehmed Resad Khan."

After carrying out several restoration works, the collection of the Sultan's wardrobe (Padişah Elbiseleri Koleksiyonu) was housed in the chamber with valuable samples of costumes numbering about 2500 pieces, as well as numerous and expensive sultans' caftans.

Sultan Mehmed II (Conqueror) Pavilion / Enderun Treasury

The Conqueror Pavilion, which Mehmed Fatih erected as a house for contemplating the surroundings, was soon converted into a place where the palace treasures were kept. Since the treasury was significantly enriched after the Egyptian expedition of Sultan Selim, the terraces had to be closed with walls in order to protect especially valuable exhibits.

During the reign of Mahmud I (1730-1754), the green porphyry columns opposite the main entrance were walled up. This created an additional space called the Treasury of the Ambassadors (ElçiHazinesi).

Thus, the main entrance to the pavilion and the entire external facade of the building were hidden by walls, windows and doors. In addition, a jewelry workshop was added to the building in 1766. Its purpose was to fully renovate the most valuable items in the Treasury collection. All of these additions were completely removed during the subsequent renovations of the premises in the 16th century.

Treasure chamber

The sultans who ruled in Turkey until the second half of the 16th century always sat in this room before the ceremony of accession to the throne. They continued to maintain this tradition until the very end of the Empire, and also visited the Pavilion of the Sacred Robe every year on the 14th and 15th day of Ramadan as part of an official ceremony.

The Pavilion of the Sacred Mantle was maintained and restored by all Sultans with great care and respect for the sacred relics stored in it. Each ruler at one time gave great importance to the maintenance of this place in the best possible condition.

This room has the most original tile design compared to all the other pavilions of the Sultan. The tiles date from the late 16th century and have been completely preserved to this day.

Agalar Mosque

The Agalar Mosque is the largest mosque in the palace. She also has the most ancient structuredating back to the 15th century and built during the reign of Mehmed the Conqueror.

The sultan, squires and pages came here to pray. The mosque is located diagonally across the courtyard to face Mecca. It is located in the courtyard of Enderun next to the Pavilion of the Sacred Mantle on the side of the Golden Horn. Its main part is covered by a large vault, erected in the 18th century. On both sides of the mosque there are two narrow spaces. In the part of the building facing the Pavilion of the Sacred Mantle, an altar (mihrab) is installed. And the part that faces away from the pavilion serves as a prayer place for the squires from the army hostel, for the employees of the storeroom and treasury. Three windows at the back of a large part of the room overlook the Harem, where the Sultans pray, as well as the wives and mothers of the sovereign.

The walls of the Agalar Mosque are covered with 17th century tiles. The most interesting examples are tiles covered with Arabic script bearing the signature of Archer Mustafa. This place was provided for high-ranking armourers for prayers.

The most significant reconstruction in the history of this brick and stone building was organized by the architect Mehmed Agoy. The epigraph on the inside of the door is dated 1722 according to the Gregorian calendar and bears the inscription “Es-Seyyid Mehmed Ağa”.

The building was used as a warehouse from 1881 until it was restored in 1916. A new inscription, drawn in 1928, sets out the main provisions for the reconstruction of the mosque, carried out in 1925.

Books from the library of Ahmed III (Enderun Library) and other libraries of the palace were transferred to this building. Thus, all the libraries of the palace were united into one under the name "New Palace Library".

Pantry / Food Chamber (KilerliKoğuşu)

The pantry was built by order of Mehmed Fatih between the Conqueror's Pavilion and the Treasury, in accordance with the plan of the Topkapi Palace. The Chief of the Food Chamber was also responsible for the kitchen of the imperial court in general. The pages of the Food Chamber were supposed to prepare all kinds of dishes for the Sultan, set and remove the ruler from the dinner table, and also keep kitchen utensils in proper conditions.

In addition to preparing various dishes for the Ottoman ruler, such as marshmallows, syrups, sherbets, fresh and dried fruits, the pages made candles, which were subsequently used in all the pavilions, chambers and mosques of the palace. They also prepared medicines for the patients of the Enderun infirmary. In April, they collected the "April rainwater" and served it to the Sultan, hoping for its healing properties.

Dormitory at the Chamber of the Sacred Robe / Storage for portraits of the Sultans

In the second half of the 19th century, after the columns of the Chamber of Secrets of the Court of Enderun were walled up, the Chamber of the Sacred Mantle itself was converted into a Dormitory for Officials named after the Sacred Mantle. The columns, dome and stone walls of this building were created during the reign of Mehmed II (1441-1446 / 1451-1481). The chamber is currently used as a repository for the collection of portraits of the Sultans.

The fourth courtyard of Topkapi Palace

The next gate opens up the opportunity to enter the Sultan's garden, where the ruler spent a lot of time, it was his intimate space, since the Sultan could be alone here. In this courtyard is the Sofa Mosque, the room where circumcisions were performed. From here there are magnificent views of the Golden Horn, Bosphorus and the Sea of \u200b\u200bMarmara.

On the territory of the fourth courtyard there is a Tulip garden and a terrace called Sofa-iHümâyûn or Marble Terrace. The marble terrace was extended towards the Golden Horn with the addition of new pavilions in the first half of the 17th century during the reigns of Murad IV (1623-1640) and Ibrahim (1640-1648). The arched structures of the Marble Sofa were erected in 1916.

The wooden Sofa Pavilion, used by the Sultans as a private pavilion, and the Stone Tower (Hekimbaşı Kulesi), used as the dwelling and laboratory of the chief physician of the ruler and located in the Tulip Garden (Lâla), are completely preserved and are currently in excellent condition.

Tulip Garden

Tulip's garden had many different vineyards, fruit trees (including orange and lemon), a huge number of all kinds of flower beds filled with roses, tulips, hyacinths, carnations and jasmine. Overlooking the Sea of \u200b\u200bMarmara, this garden also houses the Medicine Kiosk, also known as the Sultan Abdul Majid Pavilion, which was built in 1840 in the Empire style and was the last significant addition to the structure of the palace, as well as the Dressing Room (EsvapOdası) and the Sofa Mosque (Sofa Camii).

Tulip Garden is connected to Gulhane Park, currently a public recreation area, and to the Imperial Rose Garden, Mabeyn Gate. This gate was designed by the renowned Ottoman architect Sarkis Balian. He also designed the previously mentioned Medicine Kiosk.

Circumcision Hall

The Circumcision Hall (SünnetOdası) was built during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. It is located in the most impressive section of the courtyard, overlooking the Galata area of \u200b\u200bthe city. The place was originally conceived as a summer pavilion (Yazlık Oda). However, it began to be used as a Hall where the ceremony of circumcision of the princes-sons of Ahmed III (1703 -1730) took place (circumcision is a religious Muslim tradition symbolizing purity and purity).

In the back, there is a small kitchen with a single square-shaped hall. The facade of the building, covered with tiles in blue and white, is the work of the famous 16th century monumentalist Shah Kulu. The building was rebuilt in 1640 by order of Ibrahim (1640-1648) during the reconstruction of the terrace.

Yerevan pavilion

The Yerevan pavilion was built in 1635 by the decree of Murad IV (1623-1640) as a tribute to the memory of the conquest of Yerevan on a part of the land that was freed by reducing the size of the pond that existed in the courtyard of Sofa-i Khumayun since the reign of Mehmed the Conqueror (1451- 1481). It was designed by the Chief Architect of the period, Koka Kasim Agoy. The structure of the pavilion building has the shape of an octagon.

In 1733, during the reign of Mahmud I (1730-1754), some especially valuable copies from the collection of books of the palace library were kept in the offices of the Yerevan pavilion. Late books from the personal collection of Osman III (1754-1757) and Mustafa III (1757-1774) were also included in the collection of the Topkapi Palace Museum Library.

The Yerevan pavilion was also named sarıkodası (Hall of the Turbans), since according to some sources sacred relics from the Pavilion of the Sacred Mantle were kept here during the traditional cleaning before the ceremony of the ascension of the Sultans to the throne.

Baghdad Pavilion

The Baghdad Pavilion (BağdadKöşkü) is on the right side of the Marble Terrace. It was erected in 1639 in honor of the conquest of the great Baghdad by Sultan Murad IV (1623-1640). The chief architect was Koka Kasim Agoy.

The entire façade is inscribed with Quranic script in white CelîSülüs (Arabic style of writing using only capital letters) on a blue background. And above the entrance is a couplet in Persian.

The books donated by Abdul-Ahmid I (1774-1789) and Selim I (1780-1807) were placed in the offices of the pavilion, whose wooden doors were decorated with mother-of-pearl, tortoiseshell and ivory. The books from the collection of the Baghdad Pavilion Library were merged with the main library of Topkapi Palace after it began functioning as a museum. A small kitchen at the back of the building was used to serve coffee to the pavilion visitors.

Pavilion Iftarie

The gilded Iftariye Pavilion, also known as the Iftariye Kiosk (İftariyeKöşkü), was erected by Ibrahim's decree (1640-1648). Due to its location, this pavilion rises above the gardens of Topkapi Palace, the Golden Horn and Galata Tower, which provides a magnificent view of the surrounding area from the place where it is installed.

Sultans often came here to dine and watch the sunset under the roof of this pavilion during the month of Ramadan. In some sources, it is called the "Lunar Place", where the rulers received congratulations from the inhabitants of the court of Enderun during the holiday of Bairam (the last day in the month of Ramadan) and watched various sports events from here.

The Sofa Pavilion is also called the Kara Mustafa Pasha Pavilion or MerdivenbaşıKasrı. It was built during the reign of Mehmed IV (1648-1687). Its structure, consisting of two separate parts, was called the Divan Hall (Divanhane) or the Sherbet Room (ŞerbetOdası). It received such names thanks to a series of reconstructions carried out during the reign of Ahmed III (1703-1730) and Mahmud (1730-1754).

The pavilion, from where the sultans watched sports events, received guests and held conversations, was built by the pages of the court of Enderun. Throughout the entire period of its existence, several reconstruction works were carried out. It is currently the first building in history to be built in the Turkish Rococo style.

Sofa Mosque

Originally, on the site where the Sofa Mosque now stands, there was a Shadow Kiosk or Mechnikov's Kiosk (SilahdarağaKöşkü), built by order of Mehmed the Conqueror at the time when the Topkapi Palace was first erected. According to some sources, the Sofa Camii (Sofa Camii) was erected together with a building called the Sofa Ocağı during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent.

In 1809, by decree of Mahmud II, the Mechnikov Kiosk was destroyed, and a small Sofa Mescit mosque was erected in its place. In 1859, during the reconstruction of the Medicine Pavilion and the Swordsman's Pavilion, by order of Abdul-Majid, the small Sofa Mosque was destroyed and rebuilt into the Sofa Mosque-Terrace, which has survived to this day. From the epigraph inscribed on it, it can be seen that the mosque was built so that the employees of the Chamber of the Treasury and the Treasury would pray in it.

Medicine Pavilion

The Medicine Pavilion is the most modern building in the entire Topkapi Palace. It was designed by the architect Sarkis Balayan, who also designed the Dolmabahce Palace, by order of Sultan Abdul-Majid in 1859. It was originally called the New Kiosk, but was later renamed the Medicine Kiosk.

It was designed after the 15th century Shadow Kiosk and Archers' Kiosk. And some parts of the building belong to the Byzantine era. During the period in history when the Sultans lived in the palaces of Dolmabahce and Yildiz, they only visited Topkapi Palace for a short time to participate in the ascension ceremony (Cülus) or for the traditional visit of the Sacred Mantle. On these occasions, they usually stayed at the Medicine Pavilion.

The Tower of the Chief Teacher (BaşLalaKulesi), also known as the Pavilion of the Chief Physician of the Sultan (HekimbaşıOdası), was erected so that Mehmed II (the Conqueror) could view the area from its top.

This building was a kind of palace pharmacy, named after the main palace healers, ophthalmologists and surgeons, whose number reached 60-70 people. They belonged to the Ottoman state system called “Bîrûn” (as opposed to Enderûn, which means internal, Bîrûn means external).

The term Bîrûn was used to denote a group of civil servants who worked not only in the interior of the palace, but also in the exterior, outside the Sultan's private quarters. In addition to the Chief Physician's Chamber, the courtyard also contained two additional pharmacies and five hospitals, one of which was dedicated specifically to the needs of the Harem.

The Sultan, as well as all the inhabitants of the Harem and the courtyard of Enderun, were treated by a group of healers, ophthalmologists and surgeons under the responsibility of the Chief Physician. The potions and medicines that were prescribed to the patients were made by medical professionals under the leadership of the Chief Physician. These special potions were first prepared and then poured into special flasks, vials and bottles.

Abdulhak Molla, who served during the reign of Abdul-Majid (1839-1861), was the last Chief Physician of Topkapi Palace. After Topkapi ceased to be the residence of the Ottoman Sultans, the Pavilion of the Chief Physician began to be used as a music room, and later as a weapons workshop. At the beginning of the 20th century, the restored Chief Physician's Pavilion was used to store medical and pharmaceutical materials.

The dressing room is a place in the palace where all the clothes and jewelry of the Sultans were kept since the reign of Mehmed Fatih. It was the Master Muslin (DülbentAğası) that was responsible for the proper storage of clothing and jewelry in the early period of history. In later periods of history, this function was performed by the Chief of the Garment Store (Esvabcıbaşı) and his employees.

Topkapi treasures

Over the centuries, Turkish sultans have collected various rarities and jewels. They fell into their hands in different ways: as a trophy after successful military campaigns, as gifts from other sovereigns, as a confiscated thing from the enemies of the Sultan, as a result of purchase or exchange. Over time, a huge number of these things have accumulated, which are displayed for all to see in the summer palace of Sultan Mehmed II. The most famous of these things are associated with legends and creepy stories.

• Dagger Topkapi. By order of Mahmud I, it was made as a gift to the Iranian Shah. The ambassadors with this gift went to the Shah, but on the way they found out that he had died and returned back. So the dagger ended up in the treasury. From that time on, he began to serve as an instrument for the murders of the rival brothers of the ruling sultan. More than a dozen were deprived of their lives, and the clock built into the handle showed the time of the murder.
• "Kashikchi", spoon-spoon diamond. Large diamond, which is framed by 49 more small diamonds. According to one legend, one poor man found this stone in a heap of rubbish. Not knowing its true value, he exchanged it at the jeweler for three spoons, and the jeweler, seeking favor, presented the diamond to the Sultan. According to another version, a French officer acquired the diamond in India. In France, he sold it, then it was resold more than once until it was in the hands of Napoleon's mother, and she put it up for auction. Grand Vizier Ali Pasha subsequently acquired the diamond. Sultan Mahmud II accused the vizier of treason and took the diamond from him, so he ended up in the treasury.
• Several thrones are on display in the hall. One of them is forged from pure gold and belonged to the Iranian Shah Ismail. The throne was taken out of Persia during a campaign as a trophy by Sultan Selim I. Another sandalwood throne, abundantly inlaid with gold, belonged to Selim III. Here is also the throne "Bayram", made of gold. It was used during the accession ceremony of the sultans to the throne.
• In addition to jewelry, Topkapi houses the main Muslim shrines. Banner of the Prophet Muhammad (length more than 3 m). It was brought from his successful Egyptian campaign by Sultan Selim I. In addition to the banner, there is the sacred mantle of Muhammad, his two swords and a bow in a gold case. There is also a letter from the Prophet to the ruler of Mukavkas, a personal seal, beard hair and a footprint on a stone.
• In addition to Muslim shrines, the treasury also contains many Christian relics that came here after the conquest of Constantinople. Fragments of the skull of St. Peter, the hand of St. John the Baptist and numerous arks with particles of the relics of saints. Among the religious relics is Abraham's pewter pan.

Excursions to Topkapi Palace

It will take all day to see everything. This must be taken into account when going to Topkapi. But any such inspection will not be so interesting without the guide's story. His services can be ordered either by e-mail or at the museum itself. The work of the guide is paid separately from the cost of the ticket itself.

• Children under 12 years old are given a 50% discount, and those who are not yet 9 years old are generally free.
• The price of the excursion will depend on the number of people in the group, if it is 10 people, then about $ 220, if 1 or 2 people, then $ 150.

The duration of the excursion is up to 3 hours. Guides work on all days except for one - Tuesday.

The museum is open all week except Tuesday. You should also know that on state and religious holidays the museum starts working in the afternoon.

Opening hours of Topkapi Palace

• Winter season: from October 30 to April 15. Museum, Harem and St. Irene Church can be visited from 9:00 to 16:45

ATTENTION: ticket booths close at 16:00

• Summer season: from April 15 to October 30. The Museum, Harem and St Irene Church can be visited from 9:00 to 18:45

ATTENTION: ticket booths close at 18:00

Ticket price to Topkapi:

• Children under 12 years old - admission is free (except for the harem, children under 6 years old can visit it for free).
• Adult ticket - 10 euros (the price does not include a visit to the Harem)
• Harem entrance ticket - 6 euros
• Entrance ticket to the church of St. Irene - 5 euros

It is worth remembering that it is not enough to buy just one ticket to visit all the places in Topkapi: the entrance to the harem and the church of St. Irina for a fee. It is best to visit the palace during the warm season, since it is not heated in winter, and it is not so comfortable to spend the whole day in the cold, examining the attraction.

Access for people with disabilities

• Admission is free for all disabled people and one accompanying person.
• Some sections and places of the palace are not accessible to wheelchair users due to the stairs.
• During your visit, if you need a wheelchair, you can contact the information desk at the entrance to the museum.

Unavailable sections:

• Hall of the Imperial Council or Domed Chamber
• Portraits of the Ottoman Sultans
• Circumcision Room, Koka Mustafa Pasha Kiosk, Revan Kiosk and Baghdad Kiosk
• Library of Sultan Ahmet III. or Enderun library
• Hall of Audiences

Available sections:

• Weapons and armor
• Courtyard in the palace
• Imperial Wardrobe Collection
• Treasury Rooms / Fatih Pavilion
• Sacred relics
• Harem
• Restroom

For disabled guests there is a toilet in the palace. This toilet can be found near the second gate (Welcome Gate) in the right corner in the second courtyard of the palace.

Prohibited:

• Photography is prohibited inside exhibition halls
• It is forbidden to enter the museum sections with strollers. Please remember this rule before buying your ticket.
• It is prohibited to enter the section of sacred relics in shorts, mini-skirts, T-shirts.
• Permission is required to use a tripod when shooting.

Cafes and restaurants:

First courtyard:

• Restaurant "Karakol" (restaurant)

Second courtyard:

• BKG Museum Cafe (Cafe - Snacks)

Fourth courtyard:

• Konyalı Restaurant

Shops on site

There are several bookstores in Topkapi Palace. They offer a wide range of guides, books, and art books, as well as art, replicas and merchandise associated with temporary exhibitions.

Visitors will find a museum guide and souvenirs here.

The museum has three museum shops. One of them is located in the first courtyard of the palace and you do not need to buy an entrance ticket to get into it, the rest are in the second and third courtyards of the palace.

How to get to Topkapi Palace

From Ataturk Airport:

From the airport building, you can take the metro (located directly under the airport). By metro take the M1 line to the Aksaray station. Then get off the metro and take a tram to the Sultanahmet stop (the tram stop is located immediately when you exit the metro). From the Sultanahmet stop you can walk to Topkapi Palace. You just need to go through the Hagia Sophia Museum and the Hürrem Sultan Baths.

By sea:

The nearest port station to the Topkapi Palace Museum is called Sirkeci. From Sirkeci Station, you exit to the Istanbul Municipality Building. From there you need to walk to the entrance to Gulhane Park, and then just follow the signs that say "Topkapi Palace Museum".

For centuries, Topkapi Palace was the center of a great empire and is one of the largest palace complexes in the world, containing everything necessary for the life and work of the Turkish sultan and his entourage. Here are concentrated the treasures collected by the sultans for centuries, which are now on display for all to see.

Topkapi Palace in Istanbul: guided tours in Russian, ticket price 2020

Another of the key attractions of Constantinople, and there are really many of them, such key ones, is the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul. In this article, we will gladly tell you about its centuries-old history and share various practical information. For example, we will tell you about excursions to Topkapi, their prices and schedule, and if you want to visit the palace yourself, then about the cost of entrance tickets, as well as where you can buy them cheaply in advance, so as not to wait in a potentially impressive line! Make yourself comfortable and let's get started. 😉

History of Topkapi Palace

Topkapi Palace in Istanbul is the former residence of 25 Ottoman sultans, who ruled the country from here for 400 years, from 1465 to 1853. Nowadays it is a popular attraction.

The construction of the palace was started by order of Mehmed the Conqueror and was formally completed in 1479, although in fact the construction continued for a long time, and the number of additions to the palace grew and grew. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe palace was eventually 700,000 square meters.

The palace consists of several buildings with four courtyards connected by a gate. The main entrance is the Imperial Gate located from the side. The first courtyard includes the imperial mint of the 18th century, the Church of St. Irene, with the armory and the wailing fountain located in its building. Opposite the Imperial Gate is the Greetings Gate leading to the second courtyard and palace. From the Gate of Greetings, you can go to the Gate of Happiness, through which visitors to the palace enter the third courtyard, which houses the harem, inner chambers, the Hall of Audiences, the library of Sultan Ahmed III and the school of the Palace, where government officials were trained. Then you can go to the fourth courtyard, which is the personal garden of the Turkish Sultan, where the Bashlal tower, the Sofa mosque, the circumcision room and the room of the chief palace doctor are also located. From here you can enjoy beautiful views of the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn.

In 1854, Sultan Abdul-Majid I changed his residence to a new one, just built. Well, Topkapi Palace since 1923, by order of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, has been opening its doors as a museum. The number of exhibits presented to the public is 65,000 units, and this is only a tenth of the museum's collection.

Opening hours, entrance fees, Topkapi official website

Opening hours: from 9:00 to 17:00 from November 1 to April 15; from 9:00 to 19:00 from April 16 to October 31. The day off at the palace is Tuesday.
Visit cost in 2020: the palace itself is 72TL (Turkish Lira), the harem in the palace is 42TL. How to book tickets online so as not to stand in lines at the box office read below.
Topkapi official website: https://topkapisarayi.gov.tr/en

Topkapi Palace on Istanbul map

The palace is located in the district of Istanbul called Fatih, or more precisely, in the Sultanahmet quarter, where most of the key attractions of Istanbul are located.
The exact address of Topkapi Palace: Cankurtaran, 34122 Fatih / İstanbul, Turkey.

How to get to Topkapi Palace on your own

The palace is located in the historical center of Istanbul - Sultanahmet district. If you rented a hotel nearby, which in the case of a short-term trip will be the best solution - you don't have to spend extra money on travel to the main attractions, then the easiest way to get to the palace will be on foot. By the way, look for a selection of inexpensive but high-quality hotels near Topkapi Palace in our article -. Well, to get to Sultanahmet from other parts of the city, you will need to take a tram to the Gülhane Parkı stop, from where the palace is just a stone's throw through the park of the same name.

If you don't want to deal with city logistics during your vacation with everything, then you can always take excursion tour around the city with a visit to the Topkapi Palace as well. This is very convenient and allows you to significantly save time.

Excursions to Topkapi Palace in Russian - prices 2020, where to buy

Topkapi Palace can be visited, both independently, by purchasing tickets online or at the box office, or as part of one of the excursions. Excursions to Topkapi Palace in Russian are easiest to book using the services of a popular tourist service. All the excursions that you find there are conducted by Russian-speaking guides for small groups of tourists, which is very convenient.

TOP-3 excursions to Topkapi Palace

• 1 place —

  One of the main attractions that tourists will see during this sightseeing tour of Istanbul will be Topkany Palace. In it, with the help of a Russian guide, it is easy to find out how and how the rulers of the Ottoman Empire lived. The chronicle of the palace includes 400-year chronicles, which mention the names of 25 sultans. The guide will tell only about the most outstanding ones, as well as offer to admire the interiors of the palace and its authentic treasures. The program will be supplemented by the majestic Sultanahmet Mosque, the Hippodrome Square, where the history of Istanbul was born, the Hagia Sophia Cathedral - a mute witness to the "golden age" of the Byzantine Empire and the mystery of the Basilica cistern.

  Excursion cost - 140 € for 1-4 persons.

• 2nd place —

  While exploring the Topkany Palace, you will find yourself inside the "magnificent age" of the Ottoman Empire. You will stroll through the intimate chambers and examine the exquisite interiors of the interior decoration of the palace chambers, as well as look into the holy of holies - the harem to find out what the concubines of the sultans dreamed of. Before visiting Topkany Palace, you will visit the Hippodrome Square to trace the history of the fall of the Byzantine Empire and learn about the popular entertainment of the inhabitants of Constantinople. And after visiting the palace, you will find out who saved the Cathedral of St. Sophia from destruction, why the Blue Mosque became the symbol of the city, what made Suleiman the Magnificent and what is immured in the minaret of the Sulaimaniyah mosque.

  Excursion cost - 120 € for 1-5 persons.

• 3rd place —

  Once in the treasury of Turkish padishahs - the Topkany Palace - you will find out what made Mehmed the Second order the construction of a magnificent palace on the shores of the Sea of \u200b\u200bMarmara. You will visit the armory, the harem, the jewelry storage room, the library with ancient manuscripts. The guide will help you to present the events that took place within the walls of the palace during its 400-year history. In the exhibition of handicrafts made of precious stones, porcelain, gold and silver, talk about the techniques for creating wonderful masterpieces, and then you will have time to stroll through the wonderful gardens and parks of the palace complex. Complement the sightseeing tour of Istanbul by visiting the Blue Mosque, St. Sophia Cathedral, Hippodrome Square with its Egyptian obelisk, Serpentine Column and German Fountain.

  Excursion cost - 90 € per person.

Look for other interesting excursions in Istanbul in our special article -.

How to buy a ticket to Topkapi Palace online

Almost all the sights of Istanbul are characterized by high workload during the season from May to September, which can be an obstacle for those wishing to bypass as many places as possible in a short time, due to the permanent presence of queues at the ticket office. The situation can be saved if you buy tickets to Topkapi Palace online yourself. Or buy an Istanbul Welvome Card / Museum Pass, which includes tickets to several places at once - so you can save a lot! So, let's sort out the existing proposals. 😉

Topkapi Palace is literally in the midst of all the most interesting in Istanbul, so after finishing its inspection you will definitely not have to think long about where to go next. And we, with your permission, will direct you a little. 🙂

1. If you are tired while exploring the palace, then a good place to relax after will be where you can sit in a cafe or just walk in the shade of trees.

2. After relaxing in the park, you can head towards Sultanahmet Square, around which the most popular sights of Istanbul are located. For example, the most famous mosque in the city is. The big plus of Blue Mosque is that it is absolutely free to visit.