Seven highest mountain peaks in Kyrgyzstan. Landscapes of Kyrgyzstan What mountains in Kyrgyzstan

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6-05-2014, 20:02

Mountain peaks

• Aitmatov Peak
  Mountain peak in Kyrgyzstan, located in the central part of the Kyrgyz ridge, in the area of ​​the Salyk glacier. The height of the peak is 4650 m. The mountain got its name in 2000 in honor of the outstanding Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov. Until that moment, it was nameless.
• Boris Yeltsin Peak
  Mountain peak in Kyrgyzstan. The peak is located on the Terskey Ala-Too ridge of the Tien Shan mountain system. Located on the territory of the Issyk-Kul region. Renamed in 2002 in honor of the first President of the Russian Federation Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin.
• Peak of Vladimir Putin
  Mountain peak V. The peak is located in the Tien Shan mountain system. Located in the Chui region. Named in 2011 in honor of the second President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin.
• Lenin Peak
  A mountain peak located on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. One of the "seven-thousanders" - the highest peaks of the former USSR. One of the highest peaks in Central Asia, located in the Pamir mountain range.
• Victory Peak
  Mountain peak, the highest point of the Tien Shan (7439 meters). Located on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in the Kokshaal-Too ridge, east of Lake Issyk-Kul, 16 km southwest of Khan Tengri peak. It is one of the five seven-thousanders of the USSR (now the CIS), climbing which gives the right to receive the honorary title "Snow Leopard".
• Free Korea
  A peak located in the Tien Shan mountains in the Kyrgyz ridge, in Kyrgyzstan, in the Chui region, in the territory of the Ala-Archa national park. Its height according to various sources is 4740-4778 meters.
• Semyonov Peak
  Mountain peak in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan. The highest point of the Saryjaz ridge (5816 m). It rises above the valley with the North Inylchek glacier. The peak was named after Peter Petrovich Semyonov, who explored the Central Tien Shan in 1857.
• Sulaiman-Too
  A sacred mountain in the Kyrgyz city of Osh, which in June 2009 became the country's first World Heritage Site. The mountain is a five-domed limestone outlier stretching from west to east. Its length is more than 1140 m, width - 560 m. Since ancient times, it had a sacred significance, as evidenced by the preserved petroglyphs.
• Khan Tengri
  Pyramidal peak in the Tien Shan on the Tengri-Tag ridge on the border of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, etc. Height - 7010 meters (with a glacier), excluding the ice thickness - 6995 m. Its name translated from Turkic means "Lord of the sky". Tien Shan (Heavenly Mountains) are located in the center of the area of ​​residence of the ancient Turks.

Mountain ranges

• Alai ridge
  The mountain range of the Pamir-Alai mountain system in Kyrgyzstan and partly in Tajikistan. Height up to 5539 meters. Separates the Fergana and Alay valleys. The length of the granite-gabbro Alai ridge, between the Zeravshan mountain knot in the west and 74 ° 48 "E in the east. Length is about 400 kilometers; the ridge is almost completely covered with eternal snow and abounds in glaciers, especially in the west. The total area of ​​glaciation is 568 km² the passes are very high and difficult.
• Atbashi
  A mountain range in the southern part of the Inner Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan. It separates the Atbashi depression in the north from the Chatyrkol depression and Aksai syrts in the south. The length of the ridge is 135 km, the maximum height is 4786 m.
• Borkolda
  A mountain range in the Inner Tien Shan, in the southeastern part of Kyrgyzstan. The ridge is about 100 km long. The average height is 4300 m, the maximum elevation (in the western part) is 5049 m. There is significant glaciation on the northern slope. The ridge is composed of crystalline schists, marbles and granites. Semi-desert vegetation predominates on the slopes, above - rocks and talus with sparse xerophytic vegetation.
• Jamantau
  A mountain range in the Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, located northwest of Lake Chatyr-Kul. In the west, behind the gorge of the Arpa River, it adjoins the Fergana Range. The length of the ridge is about 70 km, the highest point is Karamoinok (4121 m). The ridge is composed of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The northern slope is gentle, the southern one drops abruptly to the Arpa valley. The ridge is covered with sparse steppe vegetation, higher - with alpine meadows.
• Jetim
  Mountain range in the Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, south of Terskey-Ala-Too. The length of the ridge is about 120 km, the maximum height is 4931 m. The Naryn River flows along the southern foot. Steppe, meadow and meadow-steppe vegetation grows on the slopes. In the eastern part there are glaciers.
• Jumgaltau
  A mountain range in the northern part of the Tien Shan, in Kyrgyzstan. The ridge stretches in the sublatitudinal direction for more than 100 km. The maximum height is 3948 m. In the west, by the gorge of the Kökömeren River, it is separated from the Susamyrtau ridge. Jumgaltau is composed of tuffaceous sandstones, calcareous-mica schists and granites. On the slopes there are meadows with juniper dwarf trees, meadow steppes with bushes, areas of juniper and spruce forests.
• Trans-Alai ridge
  The ridge of the latitudinal direction separating the Pamirs and the Alai Valley. The highest point of the Trans-Alai Range is Lenin Peak. The ridge has significant glaciation. From the tops of the ridge, views of the Central Pamir open up, in particular, the peaks of Communism and Korzhenevskaya.
• Zailiyskiy Alatau
  A mountain range in the northwest of the Tien Shan (on the border with Kyrgyzstan). Extends 360 km along 43 ° N. NS. The prevailing heights are 4000–4600 m, the highest point is Talgar peak (4973–5017 m). The northern slope is relatively gentle, strongly dissected by the left tributaries of the Ili River, the southern slope drops abruptly to the valleys of the Chilik and Chon-Kemin rivers (the right tributary of the Chu).
• Inylchektau
  Mountain range in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan. Located in the basin of the left tributaries of the Sarydzhaz. The ridge stretches in a sublatitudinal direction between the Inylchek and Kaindy valleys. Its length is about 65 km, the maximum height is 5697 m. The ridge is composed of metamorphic shales, limestones; covered with eternal snows and glaciers. On the slopes there are numerous rocks and talus, at the foot in the west there is a high-mountain semi-desert.
• Kaindy-Katta
  Mountain range in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan. Located in the basin of the Sarydzhaz River, stretches south of the Kaindy Valley. The ridge is about 65 km long. The maximum height is 5784 m. The ridge is composed of metamorphic shales and limestones. Covered with eternal snows and glaciers, especially in the eastern part. The slopes are dominated by rocks and talus, at the foot in the west there is an alpine semi-desert.
• Kakshaal-Too
  A mountain range in the Central Tien Shan system, on the border of Kyrgyzstan and China. The length of the ridge is about 400 km, the highest point is Pobeda Peak (7439 m). The ridge is composed of clay shales, sandstones, limestones, broken by granite intrusions. Alpine relief with a total glaciated area of ​​983 km² prevails. On the northern slope - steppes, on the southern - meadow steppes and alpine meadows.
• Kyrgyz ridge
  A mountain range bordering the Chuy valley and the Moyynkum desert from the south. Kyrgyz is one of the mountain ranges of the inner Tien Shan on the territory of Kyrgyzstan, partly on the territory of neighboring Kazakhstan.
• Koksuisky ridge
  Located in the Western Tien Shan, on the border of Kyrgyzstan and. The length is about 70 km, the average height is about 2000 m. From the southeast, it is limited by the valley, along which the Koksu River flows, which flows into the Charvak reservoir.
• Kuylyutau
  Mountain range in the Central Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan. Located between the rivers Kuylyu and Uchkol (Sarydzhaz basin). The length of the ridge is about 50 km, the maximum height is 5203 m. The ridge is composed of limestone, metamorphic shale, granite.
• Kyungoy-Ala-Too
  Mountain range. Along with the Zailiyskiy Alatau, it forms the Northern Tien Shan. The ridge is elongated in latitudinal relation (from west to east) and has a length of 275 km in a straight line. From the north, it borders the hollow in which Lake Issyk-Kul is located (from the south, the same hollow is bordered by the Terskey Ala-Too ridge).
• Moldotau
  A mountain range in the Inner Tien Shan, in the central part of Kyrgyzstan, south of Lake Sonkol. The ridge stretches generally from west to east, between the valleys of the Kökömeren and Naryn rivers. The ridge is about 150 km long. The maximum height is 4185 m. It is mainly composed of limestone. On the lower slopes there are mountain steppes and meadows, higher - areas of spruce forests, juniper forests.
• Naryntau
  Mountain range in the Inner Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan. It stretches almost latitudinally along the left bank of the Naryn River. The ridge is about 130 km long. The maximum height is 4530 m. The ridge is composed of limestones, granites, and metamorphic shales. The northern slope is steep with rocky gorges, the southern one is more gentle, with clay-sandy hills at the foot. Mountain-meadow and meadow-steppe landscapes, rocky highlands with rocks and talus on steep slopes dominate. Plots of spruce forests have been preserved in the gorges.
• Saryjaz
  A mountain range in the Central Tien Shan, on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and partly Kazakhstan. It is located between the Saryjaz River in the north and its left tributary, the Inylchek River in the south. The ridge is 113 km long and up to 16 km wide. The average height is 4370 m, the highest point is Semyonov Peak (5816 m). The ridge is composed of metamorphic schists, granites, and marbled limestones. Permafrost is widespread from an altitude of 3000 m.
• Sonköltau
  A mountain range in the Tien Shan, in the southeastern part of Kyrgyzstan. In an arc-like manner it frames the basin of Sonköl Lake from the north. The length of the ridge is about 60 km, the maximum height reaches 3856 m. It is mainly composed of limestone. Alpine meadows are located on the northern slope and at the summit of the ridge, and subalpine meadow-steppes and steppes on the southern slope.
• Susamyrtau
  Mountain range in Kyrgyzstan, in the Inner Tien Shan system, southeast of Talas Ala-Too. The length is about 125 km; the maximum height is 4048 m. The ridge is composed mainly of granites and metamorphic shales of the Lower Paleozoic. There are glaciers. In the western, lower part, the ridge is cut through by the through gorge of the Chichkan River (the right tributary of the Naryn). The landscapes of mountain meadows and stony highlands prevail.
• Talas Ala-Too
  A mountain range located in the Western Tien Shan system. Most of it is located on the territory of Kyrgyzstan, and some in southern Kazakhstan). This ridge separates the Talas Valley from other ridges and valleys of the Western Tien Shan and the western part of the so-called Inner Tien Shan. The length of Talas Ala-Too is about 270 km, the highest peaks up to 4.482 m are Mount Manas.
• Terskey Ala-Too
  A mountain range bordering the Issyk-Kul basin from the south. The Terskey Ala-Too ridge is located in the northeastern part of Kyrgyzstan and closes the Issyk-Kul lake basin from the south. Its ridge stretches, in a latitudinal direction, for 375 kilometers and rises in its upper part, located south of the city of Karakol (formerly Przhevalsk), 5281 meters above sea level (Karakolsky peak). The average height of the ridge is about 4500 m. The Terskey Ala-Too ridge is very beautiful in its variety of landscapes. In one day, you can see the beauty of red sandy rocks, wild forest and snowy peaks, spreading widely over the greatest lake Issyk-Kul. Each gorge is unique and unrepeatable in its performance.
• Turkestan ridge
  A high-altitude ridge with a latitudinal direction, about 340 km long, belonging to the Gissar-Alai mountain system. Through the Matcha mountain knot, the ridge joins the Alay ridge in the east, and extends to the Samarkand plain in the west. The northern slope is long and gentle, with juniper forests and woodlands, the southern one is short and steep, with rocks and talus. From the south, the valley of the Zeravshan River is separated from the Zeravshan Range.
• Fergana ridge
  A mountain range in the Tien Shan, which stretches from southeast to northwest, separating the Fergana Valley from the Inner Tien Shan. The ridge is 225 km long. In the southeast, where the ridge is most elevated, it adjoins the Torugart and Alaykuu ridges through the Seok pass. The ridge has an asymmetric structure with long and gentle southwestern slopes and steep northeastern slopes. The spurs of the Fergana ridge include the Babash-Ata, Sugan-Tash, Seryun-Dobyo, and others.
• Chatkal ridge
  The mountain range in the Western Tien Shan, bordering the Fergana Valley from the north-west, has a length of about 200 km, a height of more than 3000 meters, for example, the Big Chimgan mountain 3309 m high, the Kyzylnura mountain 3267 m high and the Okhotnichy (Aukashka) peak, 3099 m high , coniferous-deciduous forests, juniper woodlands, alpine meadows. It is located on the territory of the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan and the Jalal-Abad region of Kyrgyzstan.

Glaciers

• Korzhenevsky glacier
  A complex valley glacier on the northern slope of the Trans-Alai Range (Pamir). Located east of Lenin Peak, at the source of the Dzhanaydartak River in Kyrgyzstan. The glacier is 21.5 km long and has an area of ​​73 km². The feeding area is located at altitudes up to 6200 m, the firn line - at an altitude of 5100 m. The glacier flows in a deep valley and descends to 3840 m. The tongue is two-thirds covered by a moraine cover.
• Lenin glacier
  Mountain hollow glacier on the northern slope of the Trans-Alai Range (Pamir), in Kyrgyzstan. The glacier is 13.5 km long and has an area of ​​55.3 km². An extensive firn basin lies at the foot of Lenin Peak (7134 m), the firn line - at an altitude of 5300 m. The glacier tongue descends to 3760 m, from where the Achiktash River, the left tributary of the Kyzylsu, begins. The right tributary of the glacier is pulsating: in 1945 and 1969, it cracked and moved 500 and 1000 m.
• Mushketov glacier
  A valley tree-like glacier in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan, located on the northern slope of the Sarydzhaz ridge, in the headwaters of the Adyrtor River, the left tributary of the Sarydzhaz River. The glacier is 20.5 km long and 1 to 1.8 km wide. Area - 68.7 km². The feeding area lies in a huge circus at an altitude of 4500–5500 m, the firn line at an altitude of 4100 m. The tongue of the glacier ends at an altitude of 3440 m. The lower part of the glacier is covered with moraine for 5 km.
• Petrov glacier
  Glacier in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan, located in the Akshiirak mountains. It gives rise to the main source of the Naryn - the Kumtor River. The glacier area is 73.9 km². Length - 14.3 km, width in the lower part - up to 1.8 km.
• Semyonov glacier
  Glacier in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan. Located on the northern slope of the Saryjaz ridge in the upper reaches of the river of the same name. The glacier is about 21 km long and up to 1.5 km wide. The glacier was discovered in 1857 by the Russian explorer Petr Petrovich Semyonov (later Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky), after whom it got its name.
• Northern Inylchek
  Complex valley glacier in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan, in the upper reaches of the Inylchek River, the left tributary of the Sarydzhaz. The glacier is 38.2 km long and has an area of ​​181.2 km². Previously, North Inylchek merged with the South Inylchek glacier, and now it is connected with it by a section of dead ice that serves as the bottom of Lake Mertsbacher and Lake Verkhny.
• South Inylchek
  Valley tree-like glacier in the Central Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan, in the upper reaches of the Inylchek River, the left tributary of the Sarydzhaz. South Inylchek is the largest glacier in the Tien Shan. Its length is 60.5 km, area - 567.2 km². The glacier begins in huge circus-like firn basins at an altitude of 7440 m. The tongue of the glacier, which is 43.2 km long with an average width of 2.2 km, descends to 2800 m.

Passes

• Bedel
  Pass in the Tien Shan mountain system, through the Kokshaaltau ridge. Located on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, at an altitude of 4284 m above sea level. There is a road connecting the pass with the village of Barskaun, located on the southern coast of Lake Issyk-Kul. The source of the Yshtyk River is located near the pass. Historically, the pass served as an important caravan road, being on the Great Silk Road.
• Kyzyl-Art
  Pass in the Zaalayskiy ridge on the Pamir highway on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The Osh-Khorog highway goes through the pass. The height of the pass is 4280 meters above sea level. From the north, from the Alai valley, the ascent to the pass is rather gentle, along a picturesque gorge, where panoramas of glaciers and snow-capped peaks open up. The descent from the pass to the south into the wide deserted valley of the Markansu River is relatively steep.
• Taldyk
  The pass in the Alai ridge is oriented from north to south and connects the valley of the Gulcha river in the north with the Alai valley in the south. The height of the pass is 3615 m. A highway passes through the pass - a section of the Eastern Pamir Highway connecting the city of Osh with the village of Sary-Tash in the Alai Valley.

The mountains

• Akshyrak
  Mountain range in the Tien Shan, on the territory of Kyrgyzstan. It forms a watershed between the headwaters of the Naryn and the rivers of the Sarydzhaz basin. The massif consists of three en-echelon parallel ridges of sub-latitudinal strike. The length is about 50 km, the maximum height is 5126 m. It is composed of metamorphic shale, limestone, granite. Alpine - subnival and glacial-nival landscapes dominate.
• Gissar-Alai
  Mountain system in Central Asia, part of the Pamir-Alai. Gissar-Alai is located west of the Pamir, between the Fergana Valley in the north, the Karshi steppe, the Tajik depression and the Alai valley in the south. The eastern part of the system is located on the territory of Kyrgyzstan, the middle - in Tajikistan and the western - in Uzbekistan. The length of Gissar-Alai from west to east is about 900 km, width in the western part - up to 150 km, in the east - up to 80 km.
• Pamir-Alai
  Mountain system in the southeast of Central Asia. Administratively located on the territory of Tajikistan, partly in Kyrgyzstan (in the north-east), Uzbekistan (in the west) and Turkmenistan (in the south-west); the eastern and partly southern regions enter China and Afghanistan.
• Tien Shan
  A mountain system located in Central Asia on the territory of four countries: Kyrgyzstan, China (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

The photos were taken during a trip to Kyrgyzstan in the spring of this year, somehow all hands did not reach them. It's just a collection of beautiful views of this wonderful mountainous country. As usual, we will accompany the photo with a short story.

More than three quarters of the territory of Kyrgyzstan is occupied by mountains. Pobeda Peak, 7439 m high, is the highest point of the country (the northernmost seven-thousander on Earth from the side of China Pobeda Peak is called Mount Tomur). The territory of Kyrgyzstan is located within two mountain systems. Its northeastern part, which is larger in area, lies within the Tien Shan, and its southwestern part lies within the Pamir-Alai. The state borders of Kyrgyzstan run mainly along the ridges of mountain ranges. Only in the north and south-west, in the densely populated Chui and Fergana valleys, along the foothills of the mountains and foothill plains.
2.

The entire territory of the republic lies above 401 m above sea level; more than half of it is located at altitudes from 1000 to 3000 m and about a third - at altitudes from 3000 to 4000 m. Mountain ranges occupy about a quarter of the territory and extend in parallel chains mainly in the latitudinal direction. In the east, the main ridges of the Tien Shan converge in the area of ​​the Meridional ridge, creating a powerful mountain knot. Here (on the border with China and Kazakhstan) the peaks of Pobeda (7439 m) and Khan Tengri (6995 m) rise.
3.

Geographically, Kyrgyzstan is conditionally divided into two parts - south (southwest) and north. The northern and southern regions are connected by the high-mountainous Bishkek-Osh highway. On the way of the north-south highway, the Tyo-Ashuu pass (3800 m above sea level), the Suusamyr valley, the Ala-Bel pass (3200 m), the protected area - the Chychkan gorge, the Toktogul reservoir, the Kok-Bel pass (2700 m) and exit to the Fergana Valley.
4.

The population of Kyrgyzstan is 5.5 million people (January 2010). This is significantly more than the population in the country in 1959 (2.065 million), 1970 (2.935 million), 1979 (3.523 million), 1989 (4.258 million), 1999 (4.823 million). Until the 1960s, the population of the republic grew rapidly due to migration and natural growth, which was especially significant among rural Kyrgyz, Uzbeks and other Central Asian peoples.
5.

The core of the country's population - 72.16% - are Kyrgyz. Kyrgyz live throughout the country and are dominant in most rural areas. Russians make up 6.87%, dispersed mainly in cities and villages in the north of the republic. Uzbeks, who make up 14.34% of the population, are concentrated in the south-west of the country in the regions bordering with Uzbekistan.
6.

Part of the Germans lived in the region already in the 19th century, when the first German Mennonites began to settle in this region, who left their homes due to religious persecution. There were only a few thousand people living in the north, in the Talas region, where they founded the village-settlements of Nikolaypol, Vladimirovka, Andreevka, Romanovka, later united with Nikolaypol. Back in 1944, about 4,000 Germans lived in the Kirghiz SSR. In 1941-1945, about 500,000 Germans were resettled to the republics of Central Asia. In 1989, 101,000 Germans lived in the Kyrgyz SSR, which constituted 2.4% of the total population of the republic.
7.

At the end of the 19th century, soon after the suppression of the Dungan uprising by the central government of China, thousands of Dungans (Muslim Chinese) moved to Kyrgyzstan from northwestern China. Traditionally, the Dungans were valued as good farmers and gardeners, and their irrigated gardens served as a model for their neighbors. (It should be noted that the ethnonym "Dungan" is used mainly in Russia and other CIS countries: in China, their self-name is "Hui." The region of the predominant settlement of this minority is the Chuy valley (Tokmok, the village of Aleksandrovka, Milianfan, Ken-Bulun), the village of Tashirov (Osh region, Kara-Suu district) and the area of ​​Lake Issyk-Kul (Karakol, the village of Yrdyk). street in Bishkek used to be called Dunganskaya.
8.

The overwhelming majority of believers in Kyrgyzstan are Sunni Muslims. There are also Christians: Orthodox, Catholics.
10.

Since ancient times, the Scythians, also called Saks, have lived on the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan. At the beginning of our era, the Usuns migrated to the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan from the east (Xinjiang), who were replaced by the Hephthalites ("White Huns"), and then the Sassanids. In the early Middle Ages, the Turks, direct descendants of the Saks, lived on the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan. In the 7th century, the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan became part of the Western Turkic Khaganate, and in the 8th century - into the Turkic Karluk Khaganate. In the 12th century, the cities of Uzgen (the oldest city on the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan) and Balasagun became the centers of the Karakhanid state, which was replaced by the Karakitai Khanate. In the XIII century, the lands of modern Kyrgyzstan were conquered by the Mughals and entered the Chagatai ulus, from which in 1347 the semi-nomadic Mogolistan emerged, where the hegemony belonged to the Dulats.
11.

The first state formations on the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan emerged in the second century BC. e., when the southern agricultural regions of the country became part of the state of Parkan. In the IV-III centuries. BC, the ancestors of the Kyrgyz were part of the powerful tribal unions of Central Asian nomads, which very seriously worried China. It was then that the construction of the Great Wall of China began. In the 2nd - 1st centuries. BC part of the Kyrgyz tribes left the Huns (Hunnu) power to the Yenisei. It was here that they formed their first state, the Kyrgyz Kaganate. It was the center for the consolidation of the Yenisei Kyrgyz, the formation of their culture. The first ancient Türkic runic writing originated here. Runic inscriptions have been preserved on stone monuments. The destruction of the state under the blows of the conquerors led to the loss of writing. The epic "Manas", unprecedented in volume, is a true encyclopedia that has absorbed the events of history, information about the society, customs and life of the Kyrgyz.
12.

From the middle of the 9th to the beginning of the 10th century, the Kyrgyz Kaganate covered Southern Siberia, Mongolia, Baikal, the upper reaches of the Irtysh, part of Kashgaria. The heyday of the Yenisei Kyrgyz state was not only a period of conquest, but also a trade exchange with the Chinese, Tibetans, peoples of South Siberia, Central and Central Asia. It was during this period that the ancestors of the modern Kirghiz, after the victory over the Uyghur Kaganate, first entered the territory of the Tien Shan. However, in the 10th century, only Southern Siberia, Altai and Southwestern Mongolia remained under the rule of the Yenisei Kyrgyz. In the XI-XII centuries. their possessions were reduced to Altai and Sayan. Meanwhile, parts of the Kyrgyz tribes scattered over the vast space took an active part in the events that are rich in the history of the countries of Central and Inner Asia.
14.

Resisting the power of the Kokand khans, individual Kyrgyz tribes took Russian citizenship and became the conductors of Russian expansion in Central Asia. In 1855-1863, the territory of modern northern Kyrgyzstan was conquered from the Kokand Khanate by the detachments of Colonel Chernyaev and became part of the Russian Empire. A number of Kyrgyz leaders resisted the Russian conquest. One of the most powerful uprisings against Russia was the movement of the Kyrgyz mullah (the uprising of Pulat Khan) in Fergana in 1873-76.
15.

On the Kyrgyz lands was founded in the outpost Przhevalsk. Southern Kyrgyzstan (together with Fergana and northern Tajikistan), after the defeat of the Kokand Khanate in 1876, was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the Semirechensk region (the administrative center is the city of Verny).
16.

In Russia, it was difficult to distinguish Kazakhs (Kirghiz-Kaisaks) from the Kirghiz proper (Kara-Kirghiz), many of whose tribes continued to engage in nomadic cattle breeding, in contrast to the Ferghana Kyrgyz, Kypchaks, Tajiks, Turks and Sarts.
17.

In 1910, on the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan, the first mines were opened and industrial production of coal (Kok-Zhangak) began. The miners were immigrants from Russia, who very early fell under the influence of revolutionary social democratic circles.
18.

For the time being, the tsarist government did not interfere in the life of the Kirghiz, however, the First World War led to the need to mobilize the population for trench work. As a result, on August 10, 1916, an uprising broke out that engulfed Russian Turkestan, including the nomad camps of the Kyrgyz and Kazakhs. The anger of the rebels first of all fell on the Russian settlers, who were killed up to 2000 people. The uprising was brutally suppressed. Almost half of the Kyrgyz population of the Issyk-Kul region was exterminated. Part of the Kirghiz fled to China, where the Kyzylsu-Kirghiz Autonomous Okrug was later formed in the border province of Xinjiang.
19.

The revolutions in Petrograd in 1917 were met ambiguously on the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan (southern Semirechye). It is known that not only Russian miners, but the "feudal elite" of the Kyrgyz tribes supported the revolution. Whereas the Russian settlers-peasants were nominated as "kulaks" and they rebelled against the policy of surplus appropriation. The uprising was suppressed, and the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan was included in Soviet Turkestan, the administrative center of which was Tashkent. In 1924, the Turksib railway (the construction of which was started back in tsarist times) connected Pishkek with Alma-Ata and Novosibirsk
20.

On the national-state demarcation of the Soviet republics of Central Asia, on October 14, 1924, the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region (from May 25, 1925 - the Kyrgyz) Autonomous Region was formed as part of the RSFSR (headed by Kamensky and Aidarbekov), on February 1, 1926 it was transformed into the Kyrgyz ASSR (one of the first chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars the republic became J. Abdrakmanov), and on December 5, 1936 - in the Kirghiz SSR. In 1936, Kyrgyzstan received the status of a union republic (SSR), the capital of which was the city of Frunze (formerly Pishpek).
21.

In a short time, the Kyrgyz (like many other Turkic peoples of the USSR) changed the alphabet three times: from Arabic to Latin, and from Latin to Cyrillic.
22.

During the years of Perestroika, there was an increase in national revival on the one hand and interethnic tension on the other in all the national outskirts of the USSR. Coupled with the ineffectiveness of command and control, this often led to bloody excesses, one of which was the Osh massacre of 1990.
23.

In the wake of the crisis in the USSR, which culminated in the defeat of the State Emergency Committee, the Supreme Soviet of Kyrgyzstan proclaimed the republic's sovereignty on August 31, 1991. Two years later, on May 5, 1993, the first Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic was adopted, which enshrined the presidential form of government. Like Russia, Kyrgyzstan has gone through a stage of confrontation between the president and the pro-communist parliament. In 1993, the country was shaken by the first corruption scandal associated with the name of Prime Minister Tursunbek Chyngyshev, as a result of which the representative of the old party nomenklatura Apas Dzhumagulov (1993-1998) became the new head of government. On May 10, 1993, Kyrgyzstan introduced its own national currency - the som.
24.

At the turn of the millennium, the republic was involuntarily involved in the fight against terrorism, which was anticipated by geopolitical instability along its southern borders. In 1999, Kyrgyzstan was shaken by the Batken events, when militants of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan tried to break through from Tajikistan through the territory of Kyrgyzstan to Uzbekistan. In 2001, the American Manas airbase was located in Kyrgyzstan. The first symptom of the crisis was the Aksy events of 2002. Then came the Tulip Revolution on March 24, 2005, which ended the 15-year rule of Askar Akayev (1990-2005). The new president was a representative of the "poor south" Kurmanbek Bakiev (2005-2010), who failed to stabilize the situation in the country.
25.

Bakiyev was overthrown during another revolution on April 7, 2010. Power passed to the interim government headed by the leader of the last revolution, Roza Otunbayeva. Clashes between supporters of the new and old authorities provoked an interethnic conflict between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in the south of the country, during which more than 200 people died and hundreds of thousands of Uzbeks fled the country. On June 27, 2010, a referendum was held in Kyrgyzstan, which confirmed the powers of Roza Otunbayeva as head of state for a transitional period until 2011, and a new constitution was adopted, approving a parliamentary form of government in the country.
26.

On October 30, 2011, presidential elections were held, out of 16 candidates, A. Atambayev won with 63.24% of the vote. In total, about 1,858,596 (61.28%) citizens voted.
27. story about this trip

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• Landscapes of Kyrgyzstan

An abundance of landscape resources or interesting geological features often play an important role in defining the international tourism image of the country in question. Tourists can travel thousands of kilometers just to see such famous natural wonders of the world as the Himalayas, Great Barrier Reef, Grand Canyon, Mount Fuji, etc.

The main natural attractions of Kyrgyzstan: Issyk-Kul, Sary-Chelek, Son-Kul lakes, Tien Shan and Pamir mountains, Inylchek glacier, Khan-Tengri, Pobeda, Lenin peaks, Djety-Oguz gorge, Kozho-Kelen valley, Kokomeren river, Arslanbab forests, numerous gorges and passes, mysterious caves, waterfalls and healing springs are important landscape elements that have the potential to attract a large number of visitors. While none of these objects are the tallest, largest, deepest, or rarest in the world, they are strikingly beautiful and world-class landmarks. However, it should be emphasized that the potential of these attractions is used no more than 15%.

The mountainous landscape of the republic is complex and extremely diverse. The smallest height of the territory above sea level is 401 m, and the highest is 7439 m. More than 93% of the territory is occupied by mountains and only 7% is accounted for by valleys and plains.

A characteristic feature of the landscape is the alternation of high mountains and intermontane basins, sultry deserts and dry mountain steppes, alpine and subalpine meadows, alpine glaciers and peaks.

It is not for nothing that Kyrgyzstan is called “the land of heavenly mountains”. Almost 90% of the territory of the republic lies above 1500 meters above sea level. Other peaks of mountain ranges soared up to 6, or even 7 thousand meters. There are three highest (after the peak of Communism in the Pamirs, 7495) peaks: Pobeda (7439), Lenin (7134), Khan-Tengri (6995) peaks.

Hard-to-reach peaks attract courageous athletes. Climbers from various cities and countries come here annually to conquer the icy peaks of the Tien Shan.

The first ascent to Khan Tengri peak, which was considered inaccessible, was made on September 11, 1931 by the expedition of M. T. Pogrebetsky.

It has a pointed pyramidal shape, composed of marbles and marbled limestones. Translated from the Kyrgyz language, it means "lord of the sky."

Located 20 km south of Khan Tengri. The first ascent was made in 1938 by members of the Soviet expedition led by A.A.Letavet. The summit was named the peak of 20 years of the Komsomol.

In 1943, Soviet topographers headed by P.N. Rapasov determined the true height of the peak - 7439 m and it was named Pobeda Peak.

The highest peak of the Chon-Alai ridge - Lenin Peak- rises in its central part on the border of Kyrgyzstan with Tajikistan. The crest of the ridge, over which the Lenin Peak rises, has a continuous cover of firn and ice. Glaciers of the Big and Small Saukdar descend to the south, to the north - Lenin glacier.

The first Soviet ascent was made by climbers E. Abalakov, K. Chernukha, I. Lukin in 1934. Having reached the top, they made a stone tour on it, wrapped it in scarlet cloth and installed a bust of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.

Eternal ice, 50-degree frosts, blizzard, blizzards. We associate all this with the Arctic, the Arctic Ocean. But it rarely occurred to anyone that sunny Kyrgyzstan has its own Arctic, which is in some way not inferior to the Arctic of the Far North. The same ice, the same frosts, the same blizzard and blizzards, and all this all year round.
"Sky-high country" in the truest sense of the word. The gigantic mountains hold it on their shoulders, clouds close it from the human sight ...

The transcendental country has its own seasons, which essentially boil down to eternal winter. There are non-melting ice, the area of ​​glaciation in the Tien Shan is 7200 sq. km. Glaciers are storehouses that store water among the vast arid expanses of Central Asia. Here the word "water" is synonymous with the word "life".

The volume of water contained in the glaciers of the Central Tien Shan is 650 cubic kilometers. The glaciers surrounding Issyk-Kul contain 13 times more water than all 80 rivers bring to the lake annually.

In one massif, Khan-Tengri, glaciers occupy an area of ​​almost 2.5 thousand square meters. km, equal to the territory of Luxembourg.

One of the largest centers of glaciation in the Tien Shan, and in the whole of Central Asia, is Akshiirak. There are 131 glaciers in Aksheirak.

The largest in the Tien Shan and the second (after the Fedchenko glacier in length) of the mountain-valley glaciers is Enilchek, consisting of South and North Enilchek. The length of South Enilchek is over 60 km. On the left side it has tributaries-glaciers: Zvezdochka, Dikiy, Proletarskiy tourism, Komsomolets and others.

The northern Enilchek, or Reznichenko glacier, is separated from the South by the latitudinal Sredinny ridge with Khan Tengri peak in the east. Its length is over 38 km.

It was first described by the geographer-researcher of Central Asia A.V. Kaulbars in 1869.

90 years later, glaciologists established that the glacier had shortened by 1.5 km since the time of Kaulbars.

Glacial is one of the wonders of the Tien Shan. It is named after the German traveler who first described it.

Between the South and North Enilchek glaciers there is a lake filled with melt water from the glacier and snowy shores. The mountain shores of the lake are here and there encased in an ice shell. From time to time a "piece" weighing several thousand tons breaks off from them and crashes into the water with a crash. It dives, and then floats up and floats like a white iceberg.

Gradually the lake fills up, the water level becomes higher, the heap of hummocks and icebergs rises higher until those ice floes rise, which until now "plugged" a hole somewhere at the bottom. There is a breakthrough of the lake. The water goes into the tunnel cut by it in the thickness of the glacier and goes under the ice bed for about 20 km, breaking out in the place where the glacier ends and the river Enilchek begins.

Sometimes up to two spillways occur a year, usually in August and September. During the breakthrough, the small rivulet Enilchek becomes a mighty and formidable stream, which carries huge boulders like grains of sand. When the water subsides, the retaining wall of the glacier is exposed - 40-60 m.

Then the lake gradually fills up again with water, and it again murmurs in light streams along the wall, flowing into the valley.

When there is a spillway, there is a rumble along the entire route of the under-ice channel. Strange sounds are heard near the lake: a low uterine rumble, as if someone huge swallows stones and grinds them in his monstrous stomach. This is Enilchek's voice. The glacier resembles a round-the-clock running stone factory. There are never lunch breaks here.

Is ice hot? Everyone knows that his temperature does not rise above zero. However, a day on the glacier will reward you with the kind of burns you can get from a fire.

At noon, 1.5 calories of heat are supplied to a square centimeter of the horizontal surface of the Tien Shan glaciers in one minute, and about 600 calories during daylight hours. With light cloudiness, which promotes the return of heat, the amount of solar heat on the glacier can increase up to 800 calories. These numbers are the highest for our planet. Neither the equator nor the tropics have such a high voltage of solar radiation.

"Country of mountains", Kyrgyzstan can be called "country of valleys". There are many valleys in the republic - wide and narrow, sunny and shady, fertile and deserted. The most famous of them is Chuiskaya.

The most important of the intermontane basins: low-mountain depressions - Talas (length 140 km, width up to 26 km) and Chuiskaya (250 and 60 km, respectively); medium-mountainous - Issyk-Kul (250 and 70 km) and Srednaryn (170 and 54 km); alpine ones - Aksai-Myudyurumskaya (180 and 30 km) and Alay (165 and 25 km). The largest of the hollows is Fergana, 340 km long and 160 km wide.

The Tien Shan is characterized by many formidable natural phenomena. One of the most destructive is the earthquake.

It can last for a split second, but cause enormous damage. Scientists have calculated that about a million earthquakes of various strengths occur on Earth every year. More than 100 thousand of them are registered with sensitive devices. About a thousand of them are destructive and more than a hundred are catastrophic.

Our mountains shudder every year and many times. Mountain building in the Tien Shan is not completed, the mountains, to this day, "grow", this is one of the causes of earthquakes. Nowadays, seismic stations equipped with the latest instruments are equipped in all large cities on the Tien Shan and in the neighboring lowland regions of Central Asia, which keep a round-the-clock watch, sensitively listening to the pulse of the planet.

In 1975, the Institute of Seismology was founded as part of the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR. Its tasks are to study seismicity on the territory of the republic, monitor the deformation of the earth's crust in order to detect signs of an earthquake.

The Institute of Seismology has determined the degree of seismic hazard for a number of regions of Kyrgyzstan, in particular, microseismic mapping of Frunze, Tokmak, Rybachye, Osh has been carried out.

The strongest earthquake in the Tien Shan (the force at the epicenter is 10 points) over the past 2-3 centuries occurred on the night of January 4, 1911. Its epicenter was in the middle reaches of the Chon-Kemin River. It went down in history as the Kemin earthquake. Only in the valley of the river. Chon-Kemin killed 248 people and a lot of livestock.

Scientists have calculated the energy of the earthquake. It turned out that the energy released in this case was equivalent to the amount that Dneproges can generate in 325 years at full load of all turbines.

In November 1946, the Chatkal earthquake of 9 magnitude broke out, in 1954 - the Dyurbeldzhinskoe (7 points), in 1955 - the Ulugchat (6-7 points), in 1958 - the Sonkul (6-7 points), in 1961 - Alai and Mailisai (6 points), in 1962 - Kokyangak (7 points). Other catastrophic earthquakes are also memorable. Tashkent (1966), Sarykamysh (1970), Tyup (1978).

The destructive force of mudflows is enormous - mud-stone flows that suddenly appear and act for a short time in river beds. One of the catastrophic mudflows occurred in June 1966 from the breakthrough of the dammed mountain lake Zhashil-Kel in the valley of the river. Tegermech. The lake originated 200 years ago from an earthquake.

With a terrible roar, large granite boulders were thrown out of the burst dam like cannonballs. Water gushed after them, carrying away the mud-stone mass. The lake has disappeared. In the valley of the river. Tegermech collapsed 15 million cubic meters. m of water together with 3 million cubic meters. m of stones and mud. According to specialists' calculations, the maximum flow rate reached 5 thousand cubic meters. m per second.

Humanity does not remain an outside observer of the manifestations of the unbridled forces of nature. The republic's hydrologists have carried out a record of the prevalence of mudflow-prone valleys, which helps in the fight against the destructive force of mudflows. Nature itself suggests the way to tame mudflows. It turns out that the more the spurs of the mountains are covered with forest, the less mudflows are formed on their slopes.

In addition to forest reclamation works, the construction of herringbones over canals and roads, as well as mudflow dams near settlements, are effective. An avalanche of snow, which mountains can collapse at any moment, is the strongest weapon of the icy world against a person invading it. Nothing foreshadows her appearance: the sky is clear, the sun is shining, there is no wind, there is silence around. And suddenly ... an alarmingly growing whistle in an instant turns into a hum, a crash, an explosion. The sky, air, mountains disappear, the whole world begins to move - a white whirlwind, a white collapse, white heaviness, white death ... This is an avalanche, one of the most formidable natural phenomena.

It takes no more than a minute, again - the gentle sky overhead, the hot sun, calmness, silence ...

Six avalanche scientific stations operate in the snows of the Kyrgyz ridge, Susamyr, Kavak, Chatkal.

Avalanches are monitoring the behavior of the snow, the development of avalanches around the clock, predicting the possibility of a catastrophe, and preventing it.

The unusual glacial landscapes and landscapes, the dangers and difficulties that a tourist experiences while on the glaciers, are the strongest attractive factor. Glaciers are becoming a desirable tourist product and are widely used by tour operators in the resource base of adventure and extreme types of tourism.

At the foot of the snow-white mountains of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too, at an altitude of 750 m above sea level, 25 km from the border with Kazakhstan. This is the soul and heart of the republic in the full sense of the word, its political, economic, scientific and cultural center, the main transport hub.

The population of the city as of 2010 is 846.5 thousand inhabitants. In contrast to the southern regions of the republic, a high percentage of the population are Russian and Russian-speaking residents.

In terms of climatic conditions, Bishkek occupies the extreme southern position in the continental climate of temperate latitudes. The monthly sunshine duration is greatest in July - 322 hours, the shortest in December - 126 hours. The climate in Bishkek is sharply continental, the average annual air temperature is + 10.2 ° C. The coldest month of the year is January (-4 ° C), the warmest is July (+ 24.7 ° C). The average monthly relative humidity increases from 44% in June and July to 74% in March. The rivers Ala-Archa, Alamedin and the Big Chuisky Canal flow through the city.

The capital of Kyrgyzstan is a unique young city of a unique and mysterious mountainous country. Yes, perhaps there are no ancient or medieval historical monuments here, but this is absolutely not a reason to consider this city boring and uninteresting. You can't blame, for example, a child for being small. As for Bishkek, the city was founded only in 1825, which is not more than a second for history. Therefore, in the absence of the past, the Kyrgyz capital, respectively, does not have monuments of the past. Where do they come from? Nevertheless, the city is quite interesting, beautiful and extremely welcoming. And absolutely special and unique emotions arise at the sight of the majestic and alluring ridge of the Kyrgyz Alatau. Therefore, being in the city, it is quite difficult not to succumb to the temptation and not to rush into the mountains at any convenient opportunity.

An individual feature of the city is the strict layout of streets that intersect only at right angles. Residents of the capital are always proud that these streets are densely planted with trees and bushes, which creates a special comfort and invigorating coolness. Therefore, it is not for nothing that they say that Bishkek is one of the greenest cities in the world.

Bishkek is the center of the national culture of Kyrgyzstan. Visitors are always welcome to the Museum of Fine Arts, the Museum. M.V. Frunze, Opera and Ballet Theater, Russian and Kyrgyz Drama Theaters, Bishkek City Drama Theater, the building of the State Philharmonic named after T. Satylganova and other places for not boring leisure activities.

Science and education in the capital are represented by the National Academy of Sciences and a large number of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. Among them - 18 universities, 20 institutes, 9 academies, which graduate annually up to 5.5 thousand qualified specialists.

Name
Various legends have been circulating about the name of the city for hundreds of years. According to one version, "Bishkek" is the name of the local hero, Bishkek-Baatyr, who did a lot of useful things for the common people; he lived here in the 18th century.

In general, the word "Bishkek" from Kyrgyz means "a stirrer for whipping kumis (a drink made from mare's milk)".

But, in addition, according to some historians and writers, the word "Bishkek" means "the front, front part of a happy, beautiful mountain (Mount Baytik), as well as a five-walled fortress."

City `s history
The city of Bishkek (or rather the territory on which the modern city is located) has been known since the 7th century as the settlement of Dzhul (Blacksmith Fortress).
However, it was only in 1825 that the Kokand fortress Pishpek was formed on the territory of the Chui valley, in which the largest garrison was located. Twice - September 4, 1860 and October 24, 1862 - the fortress was taken by Russian troops. In November 1862, it was destroyed, and in its place two years later a Cossack picket was erected, then a bazaar began to gather here. Later, in April 1878, in connection with the transfer of the district center to Pishpek, the village received the status of a city.

Since October 1924, the city becomes the administrative center of the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region, then the administrative center of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. In 1926, Pishpek was renamed Frunze in honor of a native of the city, a Soviet military leader. Since 1936, Frunze had the status of the capital of the Kirghiz SSR. And after gaining independence, on February 1, 1991, by the decision of the Supreme Soviet of Kyrgyzstan, the city was renamed Bishkek.

Tourism
Bishkek, being the center of international tourism in Kyrgyzstan, often serves as a staging post and resting place on the way to or at the same time can offer tourists a large number of attractions.

The main and favorite place for recreation and walking of guests and tourists of the capital is the center of Bishkek. Most of the museums, galleries, shops, parks, squares, squares, restaurants and cafes are concentrated here. By the way, Bishkek is the only city in Central Asia where a monument to Lenin stands to this day. True, now it is located not on the main square, but behind it, but even this is already a striking difference from other cities of the Central Asian region.

The city has 20 national parks, 4 artificial reservoirs, 6 swimming pools, 10 theaters, 5 memorial open-air museums, 8 specialized museums, as well as other squares of culture and recreation.
One of these objects is an oak park, where it is always cool under the dense crowns of trees, and fluffy, frisky squirrels scurry along the trunks, peering into the faces of vacationers in anticipation of receiving a treat. Oak Park is a kind of open-air museum of sculptures. Sculptures made in stone, metal and wood are located here alone and in groups along park alleys, paths, and some just among the trees on green lawns.

Adjacent to the oak park is the so-called "Bishkek Vernissage" - Erkindik Gallery, where you can admire the work of local craftsmen and artists.

Behind the gallery opens the main square of the country - Ala-Too. Ala-Too Square is fraught with great tourism potential - the white marble Government House is located here. The square is adorned with fountains, and a stage was built right there, where mass concerts and discos are held. It is here that people flock en masse during the holidays and festivities. Military parades and demonstrations are also held here.

The capital's sights include the Museum of Arts, which displays exhibits of Kyrgyz folk art and contemporary Russian and Soviet art. Some paintings and exhibits try to combine Kyrgyz images and European technology. There are also examples of elegant traditional Kyrgyz wall hangings (tushkis, bashtiyks) of various sizes.

The Bishkek Philharmonic hosts concerts of classical and modern Western music, as well as concerts of Kyrgyz traditional and popular music. The Philharmonic Hall consists of two halls, the larger of which is usually used for concerts of Kyrgyz music and various shows.

The shops of the capital can offer tourists a variety of souvenirs and folk art products produced in such large organizations as Kyyal, NPO Zengi-Baba, Altyn-Beshik, Shaarbek, which constantly hold exhibitions and fairs of souvenirs and decorative products. applied arts in the city squares.

Also, tourists here in Bishkek will not only be able to relax in yurts, get acquainted with the applied art of the nomadic Kyrgyz people, gain impressions of national customs, cooking, games, taste Kyrgyz cuisine, purchase souvenirs of folk crafts, but also get information about tourist routes along the whole republic.
In Bishkek, as in any other Central Asian city, one of the most striking attractions is the oriental bazaar, where generous gifts of land and goods from all over the world are presented in abundance at any time of the year, and you can also admire the beauty of mosques and Orthodox cathedrals here.

Attractions of the surroundings
Baytyk Valley - stretches behind the stalls against which the southern outskirts of the city abuts. The valley is named in honor of its former owner - the manap of the Kyrgyz Orlto tribe - Baytyk Kanaev, who at one time contributed to the voluntary entry of Kyrgyzstan into Russia. Some of the slopes of the valley are planted with pistachios, while others are in their natural state. There are a lot of bird species here. Boz-Peldek Mountain (1395 m) is located to the south-west of the VDNKh of Kyrgyzstan, which can be reached by city buses. From its top, like a plan on paper, you can see the whole city.

Khan's Graves is a Kyrgyz cemetery located at the southern foot of Boz-Peldek Mountain. Here are buried the former ruler of the Baytyk valley and his son Uzbek, over whose grave a magnificent forged lattice tower with a dome was erected.

State Botanical Reserve Chon-Aryk - located southeast of the city in the Besh-Kyungey tract. Plants such as Alatavian saffron, Kolpakovsky's iris, Juno Kumakevich, several types of tulips and others are strictly protected here. The surroundings of the city are rich in mineral springs.

The deposit of peat therapeutic mud is located near the village of Kamyshanovka. Healing mud is used here to treat support organs, peripheral nervous system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, gynecological diseases.

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Kyrgyzstan is a unique country in the world, which, so to speak, is all in the mountains. Judge for yourself, the lowest point of Kyrgyzstan is at an altitude of 132 meters above sea level, and the territory below 1000 meters above sea level is only 5.8 percent of the entire territory of Kyrgyzstan.

Suusamyr mountains

The majestic Pamir mountains

For your information, 22.6 percent of the country's territory is at an altitude of 1 to 2 km above sea level, slightly more than 30 percent - at a level of 2 to 3 km, 34 percent - from 3 to 4 km, and 7 percent - at an altitude of over 4 km from sea level.

Scarlet poppies against the background of the snow-white mountains of the Kyrgyz Alatoo

In this regard, Kyrgyzstan is a favorite place for pilgrimage for many climbers, lovers of mountain outdoor activities, as well as supporters of ecotourism that is fashionable today. For these purposes, Kyrgyzstan has a full list of required attributes. In particular, there are numerous mountain peaks and peaks designed for both beginner climbers and those with a high cross-country ability. There are countless different mountain trails at your service, which are accessible even for young children. And the beautiful, striking landscapes opening from the mountains will not leave anyone indifferent.

Alpine lake Karasuu

But most importantly, all the mountains of Kyrgyzstan are located in close proximity to the transportable motor roads, which makes them even more accessible.

"Fairy Tale" Teskey Alatoo

Kyrgyz horsemen on the background of the Talas mountains

Major mountain systems of Kyrgyzstan

The mountains of Kyrgyzstan belong to the mountain systems of the mighty Tien Shan and the equally majestic Pamir. At the same time, the Tien Shan, which in translation means "heavenly mountains", occupies a significant part of the country's territory.

The majestic peak of Victory above the cloud

Khan-Tengri is one of the seven-thousanders of Central Asia

On the territory of Kyrgyzstan there are 3 out of 5 7000 meters of Central Asia, in particular, Pobeda Peak (7439 meters above sea level), Lenin Peak (7134 meters) and Khan Tengri Peak (7010 meters). Two more seven-thousanders are in Tajikistan (Communism peak - 7495 m. And Korzhenevsky peak - 7105 m.). For your information, climbers who have conquered all the above 5 seven-thousanders receive the honorary title "Snow Leopard" and the corresponding certificate.

Kemin mountains

The snow-white peaks of Teskey Ala-Tau

The main mountain ranges in Kyrgyzstan are as follows (sorted by ridge length):