Presentation of the animals of the Elk Island reserve. "World around us"

There are no large rivers and bodies of water in or near the national park. But its territory is crossed by a rather dense network of small rivers, streams and hollows. It is here that the sources of the river are located. Yauza and its tributaries Ichka, Budayka, Los, Nekhlyudov sleeve, Bogorodsky and Banny streams and r. Pekhorka (a tributary of the Moscow River) with a number of small tributaries. In the eastern part, the park is crossed by a water supply canal built in the pre-war years, which supplies the Volga water to the capital. Water from this canal also flows to Yauza and Pekhorka. There are several ponds in the park: Alekseevsky, Golyanovsky, Kazenny, Egersky, etc. All these water bodies are located in the recreational zone of the park. In the depths of the forest, there are many barns, created in the last century for fire-fighting purposes. Now they are extremely important for animals as watering places and breeding grounds for amphibians. Swamps in the park occupy a fairly large area. Of particular value is the Verkhne-Yauzsky wetland complex with an area of ​​about 1 thousand hectares. In addition to the vast massif, there are a number of bogs of various sizes and origins (lowland, transitional, upland) and areas with constant and periodic waterlogging.

Elk Island

The Losiny Ostrov National Park is the first in Russia, created in 1983 on the territory that since ancient times served as jealously guarded hunting grounds of the great dukes and kings. The first forest inventory was carried out here in 1842, and the idea of ​​creating a national park was put forward back in 1909.

The park is located in the Moscow region and Moscow. The area is more than 12 thousand hectares, including 3 thousand hectares - within the administrative boundaries of the city.

Geographically, the park is confined to the junction of the Meshcherskaya lowland and the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, which is the watershed of the Moscow and Klyazma rivers. The relief of the territory is a slightly undulating plain. The absolute heights of the area range from 146 (floodplain of the Yauza river) to 175 m above sea level (quarters 45 and 54 of the Yauza forest park). In the central part of the park, there are gentle moraine ridges.

The history of this place is known from the documents of the XIV century, in particular, from the spiritual certificates of Russian princes - Ivan Kalita, Dimitri Donskoy, Vladimir Andreevich Serpukhovsky and their descendants. They mention arable land, forests, boards located on the territory of the current national park. Later, this area became the site of the royal hunt, and the lands of the future "Losiny Ostrov" are protected. In the Time of Troubles, economic activity in these places is sharply reduced, the former arable land is again overgrown with forest. The heyday of Losiny Ostrov as a hunting ground is associated with the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.

With the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, the territory of "Losiny Island" loses its significance as a royal hunting grounds, but as state property it is protected by imperial decrees. Around the same time, the name "Elk Island" or "Linear Elk Island" was finally assigned to the territory. In 1934, Losiny Ostrov was included in the 50-kilometer forest-park belt of Moscow.

In 1979, by a joint decision of the Moscow City and Regional Councils of People's Deputies, the Losiny Ostrov natural park was organized, and in 1983, by the decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, a national park was formed.

Losiny Ostrov is a unique territory. Its uniqueness lies not in the fact that there are some special "super-remarkable" objects like the Grand Canyon or a free herd of elephants, but in the fact that the nature of Central Russia in all its diversity has been preserved in its natural form on its territory near the multimillion-dollar city: coniferous, birch and deciduous forests, areas of meadows and raised bogs, the sources of the Yauza with lakes and floodplains. Beavers, wild boars and elks, many birds of prey, and rare plants in the Moscow region live ten kilometers from the Kremlin.

The "Island" is also interesting for its historical and cultural sights. Archaeological research has revealed to us the Vyatichi burial mounds (XIvXII centuries), ancient settlements. The excavations in the Alekseevskaya grove were sensational, where the remains of a palace structure of the late 17th century were discovered. And the history of the Mytishchi pumping station is closely connected with the construction of the first gravity water pipeline in Russia during the time of Catherine II. Once upon a time in these parts there was a chapel on the famous Thunder Spring, the most abundant source of water for the capital city. And the Belokamennaya station on the first Moscow ring railway is a rare monument of industrial architecture. On the Yaroslavskoe highway (the former road to Trinity), visitors to the park will be shown Poklonnaya Gora - the holy place of pilgrims.

Losiny Ostrov's forests stretch almost 10 km from south to north and 20 km from west to east. They occupy over 80% of the park's area. The dominant position was taken by birch forests, the number of lime and aspen forests increased. From the XIX century. only a few old pines remained. Hazel, mountain ash, euonymus, honeysuckle, buckthorn grow in the undergrowth. Among the abundant herbaceous vegetation, you can see anemone, lungwort, peel, goose, crested ... There are also rare species that are subject to special protection.

More than 48 species of mammals live in the Losiny Ostrov lands: moose, sika deer, wild boars, foxes, hares, minks, ermines ... On the water bodies you can see beaver dams, muskrat huts.

Nearly 200 bird species nest in the park or have been spotted on the flybys. Very rarely, but nevertheless, a black stork, a species listed in the Red Data Books of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), arrives at Losiny Ostrov. Bean goose, gray and white-fronted geese and even whooper swan stop to rest. And thousands of ducks of different species, flocks of herons, colonies of gulls have become habitual here.

"Losiny Ostrov" is the only nesting place for the feathered predator in the Moscow region - the red-footed fawn. Here freely live goshawk, hobby, buzzard, black kite, kestrel. In the meadows and swamps, you can hear the voices of a carrot, a bittern, a corncrake. A tawny owl nests in linden holes, and a long-eared owl nests in small forests.

The sources of the Yauza and Pekhorka rivers are located in the park. The climate of the region is moderately continental. Fluctuations in the average annual temperature are 3-4.80. The coldest month is January (average temperature is -90 - 110), the warmest is July (average temperature is +190 +200). The winds of the western and southwestern points prevail.

The wild nature preserved inside the metropolis amazes our guests. One of them - an employee of the Pyrenees National Park D. Tribo-Laspierre (France) even wrote a letter to the President of Russia: However, in fact, this is a real protected area, where wildlife has been preserved, a real national park ... No major city in France and, as far as I know, the whole of Europe, and, who knows, the whole world, can boast such a contrast. " ...

However, the value of "Losiny Ostrov" is not limited to its natural merits. The ancient land also has its own deep historical and cultural roots.

In 1989, by order of the national park, the first archaeological expedition was organized, as a result of which the ancient burials of the Vyatichi Slavs of the 9th-12th centuries were discovered. Historical and landscape studies, carried out now every year, have revealed burial mounds, settlements, ancient roads.

The archaeological excavations in the Alekseevskaya grove became sensational. The grove is a beautiful place in the park: ship pines, mighty spruces, ponds, the Pekhorka river. Thousands of Muscovites and residents of the Moscow region like to rest here. On old maps, next to the ponds, a place was marked, called the Alekseevsky Palace. Indeed, under a layer of soil, archaeologists have found the remains of a palace structure from the middle of the 17th century. - white stone masonry, stove tiles, unique tiles. There was an assumption that one of the traveling palaces of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was located in the Alekseevskaya grove. Now at this place it is planned to create a museum complex "The Tsar's Hunt in Russia".

Bibliography

For the preparation of this work were used materials from the site russia.rin.ru/

Contest "The World Around Us" "Environmental Zones" of the Moscow Region National Park "Losiny Ostrov" Project author:
Pupil of grade 3 "B"
AOU school number 9
Daria Skoropisova
Teacher:
Tamara Budnikova
Victorovna

Nature reserve "Losiny Ostrov"

National park
"Elk Island" - one
of the first in Russia, created
in 1983 on the territory
since ancient times served
protected
hunting grounds
great dukes and kings.

Foundation history

Losiny Ostrov is a unique
territory. Here, close to
multi-million city in
preserved in its natural state
the nature of Central Russia in all its
varieties: conifers, birch and
broadleaf forests, grasslands and
raised bogs, the sources of the Yauza with lakes and
fluffy. Ten kilometers from the Kremlin
beavers, wild boars and moose live, many
birds of prey growing rare in
Moscow region plants.

Losiny
the island preserves not only forests,
once surrounding the Kremlin, but also history
the rural way of life of our ancestors. V
museum "Russian life", located in
estate of Losinoostrovsky forestry, you
see how the archaeological finds of the origins
Slavs, and everyday objects XIX-XX
centuries. In winter, after a walk in the woods, in a hut
you can warm up by the stove, have a hot drink
fragrant tea. On hot days, the house gives
cool. From here you can organize
horseback riding in the park: in the summer in a tarantass,
in winter - in a sleigh with bells.

Plants of "Losiny Island"

Environmental
trails "Losiny Ostrov" one of the possibilities of combining rest with
knowledge of nature and history
Moscow outskirts. Most
visited route - trail "Such
familiar forest. "
both independently and in
accompanied by a guide. Thick
thickets of fir trees create a feeling
fabulous dense forest and hard
believe that you are in the line
Moscow, 2 km from the Yaroslavl highway and
just 15 km from the Kremlin.

Rare animals of Elk Island

The animal world of Losiny
islands "

National park
"Elk Island"
situated on
area of ​​10144 hectares in
northeastern
parts of Moscow
(one third of the territory) and
its forest park
belts (two thirds
territory) on
slightly wavy and
flat low
a plain with a common
slope to the east, at
borders of southern
spurs of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge and
Meshcherskaya
lowlands

Geographic location of Losiny Ostrov National Park Losiny Ostrov is located on an area of ​​hectares in the northeastern part of Moscow (one third of the territory) and its forested belt (two thirds of the territory) on a slightly wavy and flat lowered plain with a general slope to the east, near borders of the southern spurs of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge and the Meshchera lowland (Meshchera near Moscow).

History of Losiny Island The history of Losiny Island, marked by written sources, goes back several centuries. The first mention of the territory on which the Park is located within its present-day borders dates back to 1406, the period of completion of the formation of Moscow as the center of northeastern Russia. In this, Losiny Ostrov was part of the Taininskaya palace volost, which stretched east of the Trinity road (now the Yaroslavl highway), and, according to many documents, was a favorite place for the falcon and bear hunt of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the tsarist hunting economy was formed on these lands - "The Tsar's hunting path." moose. The historical the core of Losiny Island. A hunting palace and ponds were built in the Alekseevskaya grove. The name itself - "Losiny Island" or "Losino-Pogonny Island" - appears in documents only in 1710. At the end of the 18th century, this forest area called "The Tsar's Reserve Grove" was transferred to the government department, hunting is prohibited here for everyone, without exception persons.

History of "Losiny Island" With the founding of St. Petersburg, attention to Losiny Island as a place of leisure for the royal court and the nobility decreased significantly, which affected its general condition: the wastelands began to be overgrown with forests, and protected groves were actively cut down for the needs of the peasants of neighboring villages and villages. The situation has changed since 1804, when the regulation on the organization of state guards was issued. Forest protection has been reinforced again. In 1805, Losiny Ostrov was included in the protected forests and a strict protection regime was established here. In 1822, the forest area was divided by glades into 55 quarters, along the entire border it is surrounded by a high inter-shaft rampart. The beginning of organized forestry on the territory of Losiny Ostrov was laid by forest inventory in 1842, one of the first forest inventory in Russia, when the work was carried out according to the rules of "forest" science. The total area of ​​the massif was then determined at 6337 hectares. From 1842 to 1912, several forest audits were carried out, the last of which divided Losiny Ostrov into four parts: a dacha park, a national park, a nature reserve and an operational part.

History of Losiny Ostrov After the revolution, even during the years of the fuel crisis, the procurement of firewood in this territory was prohibited, and Losiny Ostrov itself was included by the Moscow Council in the category of especially valuable tracts. From 1922 to 1925, the massif is under the jurisdiction of the Moscow Forest Institute, then the Central Forest Experimental Station as a base for scientific research. Even during the Great Patriotic War, forest planting did not stop in Losiny Island. Forestry here is associated with the names of many enthusiasts: forester D.N. Marinin and landscape architect M.P. Korzhev, forester and a great connoisseur of the Moscow region fauna V.G. Barkov invested a lot of work to preserve and increase the forest resources of Losiny Island. Many features of the natural Central Russian nature have survived to this day in Losiny Island. This is a kind of natural museum, where the whole variety of flora and fauna of the nearby Moscow region is presented.

Establishment of the Losiny Ostrov Nature Reserve The Losiny Ostrov National Park was organized on August 24, 1983 on the basis of the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR "On the creation of the Losiny Ostrov State Natural National Park. Along with the Sochi National Park, it is the oldest in Russia. The National Park Area" Losiny Ostrov "- 12 thousand hectares. The Moscow Ring Road (Moscow Ring Road) divides the territory of the Park into two parts: 1/3 part is located within Moscow, 2/3 in the Moscow region. Three functional zones are allocated in the national park: - specially protected, closed to the public, where natural complexes are preserved in their natural form. It serves as a refuge for large mammals, a nesting place for birds; the fact that on its territory, surrounded by the metropolis, a forest area has been preserved, characterized by exceptional natural diversity. Forests occupy 83 percent of the park's area, swamps - 5, water bodies - 2. More than 600 species of higher plants, 36 species of lichens, about 90 species of mushrooms, about 150 species of algae are found on the territory of the Park. The species included in the Red Books of Moscow and the Moscow Region are presented. About 180 species of birds, up to 40 species of mammals (including moose, wild boars, sika deer), at least 13 species of amphibians and reptiles live or appear during migration in the forest area, surrounded on all sides by cities with a multimillion population. About 15 species of fish live in the reservoirs of the park. For many plants and animals, "Elk Ostov" is the only habitat within the capital.

Flora of Losiny Island At present, the flora of Losiny Island contains more than 500 species of vascular plants, including 32 arboreal and 37 shrub species; more than 20 species of them are introduced species. After the inventory, the presence of 17 plants rare for the Moscow region was found. As for the typology of vegetation, 9 forest formations, 2 formations of shrubs, as well as formations of terrestrial herbaceous plants, micro- and macrophytes have been allocated for the National Park. At the same time, pine forests are represented by the following groups of associations (forest types): sphagnum pine forest, p. lingonberry, s. blueberry, s. sorrel, s. difficult, with. herbal, p. cereal-forb. Oak forests are represented by hazel-hairy sedge-zelenchuk and herb-grass groups of forest types. Linden stands are represented by simple, complex, and herb-cereal linden forests. Also noted are maple trees, black alder forests - bog-grass with birch and nettle; gray alder stands - bog grass and gramineous sedge; aspen forests - hairy sedge-zelenchuk and forb-cereal. Groups of forest types of birch stands are represented by sphagnum birch, b. herbal, b. blueberry, b. hairy-sedate, b. difficult, b. forbs and cereals. Shrub formations are represented by willow and hazel forests. Among the formations of terrestrial herbaceous plants, meadows and grassy bogs are distinguished. The forested area of ​​the Losiny Ostrov GPNP is 8609 hectares (85% of the total area). The main forest-forming species are birch (44% of the forested area), pine (22%), spruce (15%), linden (12%), oak (3%). The share of other breeds is insignificant.

Fauna of Losiny Island Fauna of Losiny Island is represented by more than 230 species of vertebrates, including more than 160 species of birds, 38 species of mammals; 15 species are fish, 10 - amphibians and 5 - reptiles. The faunal complex of the National Park is formed by a combination of Western European elements, which make up the bulk of its population, and taiga species characteristic of coniferous (mainly spruce) forests. Representatives of the European fauna are hazel dormouse, bank vole, wood mouse and many others. Taiga elements - bullfinch, three-toed woodpecker, white hare and so on. Introducer species such as muskrat, sika deer, raccoon dog, American mink entered the land in various ways; along the periphery of Losiny Ostrov, in the area of ​​livestock complexes, the Indian starling Maina lives. The park is currently inhabited by significant populations of synanthropic animals - hooded crows, starlings, common gulls, mallards. The main animal of this park is the ELK.

Functional zones of the "Lesopark" The national park has three functional zones: - specially protected, closed to the public, where natural complexes are preserved in their natural form. It serves as a refuge for large mammals, a nesting place for birds; - educational and excursion, open for visiting accompanied by a guide along ecological routes; -recreational, intended for mass recreation.

The main tasks of Losiny Ostrov The Losiny Ostrov natural national park is responsible for the following tasks: - protection of the unique natural complex of the park, preservation and restoration of the Yauzsky wetland complex, protection of rare species of plants and animals; - promotion of environmental and ecological knowledge; - creating conditions for the development of cognitive recreation, combining walks with observing the life of the forest, as well as conditions for everyday mass recreation of townspeople living in the immediate vicinity of the park.

Poems about "Elk Island" My forest is near, The path is not long, And peace, and silence. This is my Spicy Elk, Protected country. The face of a birch, a spruce camp, Golden St. John's wort ... And the pine spirit hovers Above me and above you. There, at the fabulous glade, So thoughtful is a quiet pond. Both mermaids and Ruslans live in that forest now. And shone by the sun gently Each leaf is within the water line. Horses roam serenely Without a saddle and without a bridle. Arrows will show the children the way to the pine forests and to the foresters. And in the oak groves squirrels are jumping. Squirrels are jumping on bitches. And the magical glades Light streams not far away. And pheasants live for themselves In a reserved corner. Where are the gates, like a deer, Like branchy antlers. The forest in the heat will embrace with a shadow. Stacks are smoked with mint. Whether in the rain or in the heat The path is not long. A series of volatile days. This is my Elk Island, The gentle light of my soul My forest is near, The path is not long, And peace, and silence. This is my Spicy Elk, Protected country. The face of a birch, a spruce camp, Golden St. John's wort ... And the pine spirit hovers Above me and above you. There, at the fabulous glade, So thoughtful is a quiet pond. Both mermaids and Ruslans live in that forest now. And shone by the sun gently Each leaf is within the water line. Horses roam serenely Without a saddle and without a bridle. Arrows will show the children the way to the pine forests and to the foresters. And in the oak groves squirrels are jumping. Squirrels are jumping on bitches. And the magical glades Light streams not far away. And pheasants live in a reserved corner. Where is the gate, like a deer Like a branchy antlers. The forest in the heat will embrace with a shadow. Stacks are smoked with mint. Whether in the rain or in the heat The path is not long. A series of volatile days. This is my Elk Island, the gentle light of my soul

Slide 2

1) Location and history of the Losiny Ostrov National Park

Slide 3

- "Losiny Ostrov" was founded in 1983 on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region with the aim of preserving natural complexes, optimizing nature management, developing national culture and creating conditions for organized recreation.

Slide 4

It is located northeast of Moscow, with a third of it located within the administrative boundaries of the city, and its forests begin just 8 km from the Kremlin.

Slide 5

Forest lands occupy 85% of the park's lands, including those covered with forests - 9.6 thousand hectares (81%). Non-forest lands include swamps - 5%, water - 1%

Slide 6

2) Fauna of the Elk Island National Park

Slide 7

Over the past 30 years, a little less than 280 species of vertebrates have been soaked in the park. Of these, 45 species are mammals, about 200 species are birds, of which the fact of nesting has been established for 139 species. Reptiles are represented by 4 species, amphibians - 8, fish - at least 19 species.

Slide 8

ELK (Alces alces) is the largest modern deer.

• Adult males have a body length of up to 300 cm, a height at the withers up to 235 cm and a weight of up to 580-600 kg.
• Ears are very large, wide and flexible.
• Under the throat hangs down a soft leathery outgrowth - "earring", reaching 25-40 cm.
• The color of the moose is brownish-black. Legs from the middle of the lower leg and forearm downward are light gray, almost white.

Slide 9

BABYRUSSA (Babyrousa babyrussa)

She has a relatively small head, short ears, a strongly arched back, high and thin legs. The tail is short without a brush at the end. The skin is wrinkled and covered with such sparse stubble that the body appears bare.

The upper canines, especially in males, are very long (up to 30 cm). They penetrate the skin of the muzzle and curl back. In very old males, the canines bend so much that they form a full ring and their ends grow into the upper jaw.

The lower canines are shorter than the upper ones, but also large, and their ends are directed up and back

The species of BABIRUS is listed in the International Red Book

Slide 10

SPOTTED DEER (Cervus nipon) slender, light build, summer fur is spotted at all ages. In winter, spotting is poorly expressed or not at all. The "mirror" is very small and does not go up the croup above the root of the tail. The body length of adult males is 173-180 cm, of females - 162-174 hedgehogs; height at the withers of males - 109-112 cm, females - 94-98 cm; the weight of males is 117-131 kg, of females - 73-84 kg (in nurseries, respectively, up to 148 and 86 kg). The length of the adult horns is 65-79 cm (up to 93 cm).

SPOTTED DEER is listed in the Red Book of Russia

Slide 11

EXHAUST (Desmana moschata) is relatively large: its body length is 18-22 cm, weight is up to 520 g. The scaly tail, equal to the length of the body and flattened from the sides, has a keel on the upper crest of thick and long hair. The hair cover of the desman is very thick, even, soft, silky, not wet in healthy animals; from above - brownish brown, from below - silvery.

Most Protected Mammal Species:

VYKHUHOL species is listed in the Red Book of Russia and in the international Red Book

Slide 12

RED EVENING (Nyctalus noctula) is one of the usual inhabitants of deciduous forests and parks in Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It has become an important object in the study of seasonal migrations, thermoregulation, nutrition, echolocation, and other features of biology.

Slide 13

MOUNTAIN (Mustela erminea) is generally similar to a weasel, but larger than it and well distinguished by the black tip of the tail. Body length ranges from 16 to 38 cm, tail from 6 to 12 cm, weight up to 260 g, but usually less. Like a weasel, the ermine turns white for the winter and only the tip of its tail remains black.

TWO-COLORED LEATHER (Vespertilio murinus) - This is a small animal (forearm 41-48 mm), covered with thick blackish or reddish fur with white tops. Distributed from Western Europe to the mouth of the Ussuri.

Slide 14

The species EUROPEAN MINK is listed in the International Red Book

EUROPEAN MINK (Mustela lutreola) In appearance, the mink resembles a columnar and a ferret, but its body is even more squat, the head is flattened, the ears are smaller, the coat is much denser, with a very dense underfur. The color is monochromatic, dark brown, more reddish in the European species. He has a white spot on both lips.

The length of her body is 32-43 cm, tail 12-19 cm, weight 550-800 g,

Slide 15

STORK BLACK is listed in the Red Book of Russia

• BLACK STORK (Ciconia nigra)
• Its wing length is on average 54 cm, weight is about 3 kg.
• The plumage of this bird is predominantly black with a greenish and copper-red metallic sheen, the ventral side of the body is white.
• The beak, legs, throat, unfeathered spot on the frenum and near the eyes are bright red.
• Most Protected Bird Species:

Slide 16

GREEN woodpecker (Picus virdis)

The dorsal side and wings are yellowish-olive, the upper tail is brilliant yellow, the flight feathers are brownish, the tail is brownish-black with grayish transverse stripes.

The top of the head, the back of the head and the stripe running from the lower jaw to the neck are carmine red, the forehead, space around the eyes and cheeks are black. Ears, throat and goiter are whitish, the rest of the ventral side of the body is pale green with dark streaks.

The length of the green woodpecker is 35-37 cm, weight is up to 250 g.

Slide 17

CAMUSHOVA (Acrocephalus arundinaceus)

• Its body length exceeds 200 mm, its weight is about 30 g.
• The dorsal side is olive-brown with a slight reddish tint.
• Above the eye there is a pale ocher "eyebrow".
• The ventral side is off-white with a lighter throat and front of the neck.

Slide 18

FOX (Falco vespertinus)

• The fawn has a short and relatively weak beak, the fingers are short.
• Total length 29-33 cm, wingspan 70-77 cm, wing length 23-25 ​​cm.
• Males are gray-brown with a blackish head and blackish tail feathers; the back of the belly, undertail and plumage of the lower leg are rufous.
• Females are gray with dark brownish-gray transverse stripes on the dorsal side; vertex rufous with dark longitudinal spots; the ventral side is buffy or reddish, sometimes with a longitudinal dark narrow pattern; flight feathers are gray with a white transverse pattern on the inner webs; the tail is grayish with buffy transverse stripes.

Slide 19

GREEN TOAD (Bufo viridis) is colored from above in light gray-olive tones with large dark green spots, edged with a narrow black border. The skin is lumpy, on the sides of the head there are two large clusters of poisonous glands - parotids.

Most Protected Land Grain Species

Slide 20

TRITON species is listed in the Red Book of Russia

EFT (Triturus vulgaris)

• Its total length reaches 11 cm, usually about 8 cm, of which about half is on the tail.
• The skin is smooth or fine-grained. The color of the upper part of the body is olive-brown, the lower one is yellowish with small dark spots.
• On the head there are longitudinal dark stripes, of which the stripe passing through the eye is always noticeable.
• The color of males during the mating season becomes brighter and from the back of the head to the end of the tail a scalloped ridge grows, usually with an orange border and a blue stripe with a pearlescent sheen. This fin fold is not interrupted at the base of the tail. Lobe edges are formed on the back toes,
• The female has no breeding coloration and no dorsal crest, but the coloration becomes brighter. The crest of the male newt is an additional respiratory organ and is especially rich in capillary vessels