Tourist and recreational potential of the Volga Federal District. Volga Federal District in terms of tourism

Attractions
Among the main attractions of the Volga Federal District you can find natural complexes and architectural monuments: Kungur Ice Cave, Shikhany Mountains, Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, Raifa Bogoroditsky Monastery, St. Michael's Cathedral in Izhevsk, Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Sviyazhsk Island-city, Blue Karst Lakes, Sea Eye Lake, Stroganov Nativity Church, Alexander Nevsky Temple in Nizhny Novgorod, Narovchatsky Cave Monastery, Sursky Nature Reserve, Vishersky Nature Reserve…

Geographical position
The Volga Federal District occupies the central and eastern part of the European part of Russia. Most of the district's territory is located in the Volga River basin. On the territory of the Volga Federal District there are taiga forests with oak groves, broad-leaved forests, and vast steppes, meadows, and swamps. Pine forests, floodplain, coastal and water communities, mountain landscapes, interspersed with each other, make up a motley mosaic of the landscape.

Climate
The climate in Bashkiria, Samara and Saratov regions is continental. Winter here is cold, the average temperature in January is 12° -14°C. Summer is warm, without sweltering heat, the average temperature in July is +20°C. In Bashkiria, in the east of the republic, there are mountain ranges of the Southern Urals stretching from north to south, which creates a sharp difference in climatic conditions on the western and eastern slopes. The amount of annual precipitation in Bashkiria is from 300-600 mm. In the Samara region the climate is quite arid (precipitation is about 400 mm per year). In the southeast of the Saratov region, precipitation falls 250 mm per year, and in the northwest 450 mm per year. The Orenburg region has a sharply continental climate with cold winters with little snow (average January temperature - 14°,−18°C) and hot summers (average July temperature +19°,+22°C). In other regions and republics of the district, the climate is temperate continental with an average January temperature of 12°,−15°C, and July of +17°,+19°C. The amount of annual precipitation in the district ranges from 250 (south-eastern part of the Saratov region) to 800 mm (north-eastern part of the Perm region).

Invited to the final of the regional competition of the National Russian Event Awards of the Volga and Ural Federal Districts 162 projects from 16 regions Volga Federal District and Ural Federal District. The final of the regional competition will take place on September 26-27 in Cheboksary.

The organizers of the regional competition are the Cheboksary City Administration and FROS Region PR.

A total of 210 projects from 17 regions were submitted to participate in the regional competition.

Statistics of regional competition finalist projects by region:

127 projects from 12 regions are participating in the regional competition program from the Volga Federal District:

— Republic of Tatarstan – 28;

— Nizhny Novgorod region – 17;

— Samara region – 16;

— Ulyanovsk region – 16;

— Saratov region – 13;

— Kirov region – 12;

— Chuvash Republic – 8;

— Republic of Bashkortostan – 7;

— Republic of Mari El – 4;

— Udmurt Republic – 3;

— Orenburg region – 2;

- Perm region - 1.

The competitive program of the regional competition from the Ural Federal District includes 35 projects from 4 regions:

— Sverdlovsk region – 27;

— Chelyabinsk region – 5;

— Tyumen region – 2;

- Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra - 1.

List of regional finalistsNational Russian Event Awards of the Volga and Ural Federal Districts

Best Cultural Tourism Event:

— Bike rock festival “Runway”, Kirov region, Kirov;

— Interregional festival of embankments “VolgaFest-2018”, Samara region, Samara;

— 56th international festival “World, Age, Names...”, Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk;

— Interregional festival of Slavic culture “Wild Peony”, Ulyanovsk region,

r.p. Radishchevo;

— Summer cinema on the Nizhne-Volzhskaya embankment as part of the Gorky fest festival,

Nizhny Novgorod region, Nizhny Novgorod;

— II Interregional Festival “Theatrical Prikhoperye”, Saratov region, Balashov;

— International Assembly of Artists “Plastovskaya Autumn”, Ulyanovsk region,

Ulyanovsk;

— Festival “Russian Tuscany”, Nizhny Novgorod region, Vorsma;

— VI- International Jazz Festival “UralTerraJazz”, Sverdlovsk region, Kamyshlov;

— “Taganay Muses”, Chelyabinsk region, Zlatoust.

Best Sports Tourism Event:

— World Bandy Championship among athletes under 17 years of age, Ulyanovsk

region, Ulyanovsk;

— European Championship “Motorcycle racing on ice” European Individual Ice Speed ​​way Championship, Kirov region, Vyatskie Polyany;

— European Championship and the final, fifth stage of the Ice Climbing World Cup, Kirov region, Kirov;

— Series of running events “VYATSKY HILLS-2018”, Kirov region, Kirov;

— Nordic walking festival “Health on the Volga”, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary;

— Open classic Samara ski marathon “Falcon Mountains”, Samara region, Samara;

— Aeronautical Championship, Nizhny Novgorod region, Semenov;

— Sports and social competition “Four Elements”, Nizhny Novgorod region, Nizhny

Novgorod.

Best historical tourism event:

— I Interregional Historical Festival “Volga Frontier”, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary;

— Festival of Medieval Fighting “Great Bolgar”, Republic of Tatarstan, Bolgar;

— III All-Russian student festival of historical reconstruction “River of Time”, Republic of Bashkortostan, Birsk;

— “Together and forever!”, Nizhny Novgorod region, r.p. Vacha;

- "RUS. The Age of Unification", Samara Region, Samara;

— Festival of historical reconstruction “Khlynovskaya Zastava”, Kirov region, Kirov;

— Living History Festival “Volga Way”, Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk;

— Day of honoring the Nevyansk leaning tower of the Demidovs, Sverdlovsk region, Nevyansk;

— Military-historical festival “Pokrovsky Frontier”, Sverdlovsk region, Kislyanka village;

— “I Stroganov Biennale”, Sverdlovsk region, Bilimbay village;

— Volga Standard Festival 2018, Nizhny Novgorod region.

The best tourist event for the popularization of folk traditions and crafts:

— Stylized ritual holiday “On the night of Ivan Kupala”, Republic of Tatarstan,

Almetyevsk;

— All-Russian festival “Masters of Folk Brotherhood”, Nizhny Novgorod region, Gorodets;

— Exhibition and sale of folk art and handicraft products

“City of Masters”, Samara region, Samara;

— XV International festival of folk art and crafts “Golden Khokhloma”, Nizhny Novgorod region, Semenov;

— Bushuevsky festival, Chelyabinsk region, Zlatoust;

— Regional festival of blacksmiths and traditional folk crafts, Chelyabinsk region, Satka;

— Open Stone Festival “Gem Side”, Sverdlovsk region, p. Murzinka;

— Interregional Irbit exhibition-fair, Sverdlovsk region, Irbit;

— X Anniversary International Folklore Festival and Crafts Fair

“Malachite Box”, Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg;

— Ural Travel Fair “UralTravelMarket”, Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg.

Best travel MICE event:

— International IT conference “Strike”, Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk;

— II Forestry Forum and interregional Championship “LOGGER – 2018”, Kirov region, Kirov;

— V Forum in the field of tourism and hospitality “TourPriction 2018”, Samara region,

— Series of business events “Opening and closing of the summer tourist season”, Kirov region, Kirov;

— International tourism forum-exhibition “Recreation on the Volga”, Ulyanovsk region,

Ulyanovsk;

— HORECA by Kazan. Hospitality&Gastro EXPO, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— World Guide Day, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary;

— All-Russian Forum of Consumer Cooperation “NEW COOPERATION”, Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk;

- “Ural Star - 2018” - an award in the hospitality industry, organized on a competitive basis, among accommodation facilities in the Sverdlovsk region, Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg;

— Tourist forum “Big Ural-2018”, Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg;

— World Forum on Sustainable Development “Happy City - Living Planet!”, Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg.

Best Food Tourism Event

— Festival of natural products Forte Fest, Saratov region, Saratov;

— Chak-Chay, Republic of Tatarstan, Bolgar;

— Third Volsky Ukha Festival on the Volga, Saratov region, Volsk;

— All-Russian gastronomic festival “Gastronomic Map of Russia”, Samara Region, Samara;

— “Big Ice Cream Festival” in Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— National Cuisine Festival “Beleshfest”, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa;

— Festival “Bread Pier”, Saratov region, Marks;

— “Tasty Kazan”, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— “My Fish TLT”, Samara region, Togliatti;

— Festival of arts and crafts and gastronomy “Strawberry Jam”, Sverdlovsk region, Kamyshlov;

— VIII International Barbecue Festival, Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg.

Best city holiday event (city population under 100,000 people):

— “Gingerbread Festival”, Nizhny Novgorod region, Gorodets;

— Festival of speeds “Russian Wings”, Nizhny Novgorod region, Chkalovsk;

— International hat festival: “Fields of the World-2018”, Kirov region, Vyatskie Polyany;

— Festival-competition of military bands “Fanfare of Kyshtym”, Chelyabinsk region,

— “Great Elizabethan Ball”, Sverdlovsk region, Alapaevsk;

— Festival of satire and humor “Benderiad”, Republic of Mari El, Kozmodemyansk.

Best city holiday event (city population over 100,000 people):

— City arts festival “Days of Romance on Vyatka”, Kirov region, Kirov;

— International Festival of Brass Bands “Fanfares of Kazan” Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— Program of New Year’s events “Winter in the parks” in Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan,

— “Flower Festival”, Samara region, Samara;

— Festival of bell ringing “Kamensk-Uralsky - the bell capital”, Sverdlovsk region, Kamensk-Uralsky;

— Festival of redheads, Sverdlovsk region, Nizhny Tagil.

Best Youth Tourism Event:

— Alfa Future People, Nizhny Novgorod region, Nizhny Novgorod;

— VII alumni celebration “RUNWAY”, Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk;

— Festival of creative sleighs “SUNNYFEST”, Republic of Tatarstan, Mamadysh;

— Youth Forum of the Volga Federal District “iVolga-2018”, Samara Region, Samara;

— « Ay Yes Kazan!”, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— Youth festival, Orenburg region, Orenburg.

Best Children's Travel Event:

— City patriotic event “Parade of Preschool Children”, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary;

— “Preschool Ball”, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary;

— “On a visit to Hel Muchi” (according to the traditions of the Chuvash New Year holiday Surkhuri),

Chuvash Republic, Ethnocomplex “Yasna”;

— International competition for children, youth and youth creativity “Format 64”,

Saratov region, Balakovo;

— Winter festival “Vyatka New Year”, Kirov region, Vyatskie Polyany;

— “RESIDENCE OF Grandfather Frost in Perm”, Perm region, Perm;

— City Tourist Meeting “Dream! Create! Create!”, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary;

— Festival “Pastila”, Nizhny Novgorod region, Nizhny Novgorod;

— “Birthday of Ural Moroz”, Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg.

The best museum and exhibition complex for hosting a tourist event:

— Museum of headdresses of the peoples of the world “House of Hats”, Kirov region, Vyatskie Polyany;

— BUK UR "GMAK" Museum-Estate of P.I. Tchaikovsky", Udmurt Republic, Votkinsk;

— Museum and exhibition complex "Samara Space", Samara region, Samara;

— Spiritual and exhibition complex “Berezopole Museum”, Nizhny Novgorod region, Sartakovo village;

— « Lenin Memorial", Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk;

— Museum of the Family of Emperor Nicholas II, Tyumen Region, Tobolsk.

The best natural and recreational area for holding a tourist event:

— Embankment of the Volga River in the city of Samara, Samara region, Samara;

— Nizhne-Volzhskaya embankment, Nizhny Novgorod region, Nizhny Novgorod;

— Sports and tourist complex Poroshino, Kirov region, Kirov;

— Catering site Green Hall, Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk;

- Idnakar. Finno-Ugric Middle Ages., Udmurt Republic, Glazov;

— All-season resort “Mount Belaya”, Sverdlovsk region, Nizhny Tagil;

— “Park Skazov”, Sverdlovsk region, Aramil.

The best accommodation facility for a tourist event:

— Hotel “Relita-Kazan”, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— Spa hotel “Imperial Club Deluxe”, Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk;

— Hotel “Hilton Garden Inn Ulyanovsk”, Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk;

— Hotel and entertainment complex with water park “Kazan Riviera”, Republic

Tatarstan, Kazan;

— Spa complex LUCIANO, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— Shalyapin Palace Hotel, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— Grand Hotel Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— Hotel complex “NOGAI”, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— Hilton Garden Inn Orenburg, Orenburg region, Orenburg;

— Conference hall “Zhigulevskaya Valley”, Samara region, Tolyatti;

— AZIMUT Hotel Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa.

Best regional TIC - organizer of tourist events:

— State Budgetary Institution SO "Tourism Development Center of the Sverdlovsk Region", Sverdlovsk Region,

Ekaterinburg;

— State Autonomous Institution "Tourism and Promotion Agency of the Tyumen Region", Tyumen Region,

The best municipal TIC - organizer of tourist events:

— MBUK “Tourism Center “Russian Wings”, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Chkalovsk;

— MAU “Tourism Administration of the City of Nizhny Novgorod”, Nizhny Novgorod Region,

Nizhny Novgorod;

— Tourist Information Center “Balzer”, Saratov region, Krasnoarmeysk;

— MBU “Tourism Development Center of the City of Nizhny Tagil”, Sverdlovsk Region, Nizhny Tagil;

— MBU “Center for Tourism and Hospitality” of the Satkinsky municipal district, Chelyabinsk region, Satka.

The best regional calendar of tourism events:

— Event calendar of the Ulyanovsk region – 2018, Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk;

— Catalog of events in the Sverdlovsk region for 2018, Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg.

The best municipal calendar of tourism events:

— Event calendar of Nizhny Novgorod 2018, Nizhny Novgorod region, Nizhny

Novgorod;

— Event calendar of Nizhny Tagil 2018, Sverdlovsk region, Nizhny Tagil.

Best Tourism Event Idea:

— Festival “Rybnaya Sloboda”, Republic of Tatarstan, town Rybnaya Sloboda;

— First world martial arts festival TAFISA-2019, Ulyanovsk region,

Ulyanovsk;

- Troubles. 1612., Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola;

— III All-Russian festival “Skorlupino”, Republic of Tatarstan, Pestretsy;

— “Strawberry Christmas”, Saratov region, Balakovo;

— War games “Elbeden”, Republic of Tatarstan, Pestretsy;

— “Golden Trinity”, Saratov region, Krasnoarmeysk;

— “Travel Constructor”, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary;

— World Youth Exhibition “Living Park” (WORLD YOUTH EXPO), Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg.

Best project to popularize event tourism:

— II Interregional cultural and entertainment festival of aeronautics “Light people -

2018", Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola;

— Annual festival “Dairy Country”, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa;

— Festival of active tourism “Lukomorye”, Saratov region, r.p. Bald Mountains.

The best tourism event for the promotion of rural and agritourism:

— Festival in memory of the composer Nikolai Ivanovich Bakhmetev “Bakhmetev Evenings”,

Saratov region, Bald Mountains;

— “Apple Spas”, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— International ethnofestival “Burzyan honey - Bashkir glory”, Republic;

Bashkortostan, p. Starosubkhangulovo;

— Crayfish fishing festival “Ishtugan”, Republic of Bashkortostan, Meleuz;

— 7th International Tournament of Mowers for prizes of Artinsky Plant JSC, Sverdlovsk

region, Arti.

The best tourist event dedicated to the Year of the Volunteer:

— X open city festival of youth creativity “Aerobatics” within the framework of

Year of Smart Technologies and Creative Industries in the Ulyanovsk Region and Year of Volunteering;

in Russia, dedicated to Air Fleet Day, Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk.

The best program of events dedicated to the World Cup

— Hospitality Program at the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan, Republic

Tatarstan, Kazan;

— The Kremlin Confederation of ART, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— Samara Carnival 2018, Samara region, Samara;

— Mobile exhibition “Samara-2018”, Samara region, Samara;

— Exhibition “Guide to Football Samara, or the First ABC of Samara Football”, Samara Region, Samara;

— Project “Modern in the Clouds”, Samara region, Samara;

— Ethnic ritual “Surkin wedding”, Republic of Tatarstan, Almetyevsk.

Best Tourism Event Based on a Natural Phenomenon or Geographical Event

position:

— Astronomical festival “Astrofest”, Udmurt Republic, Glazov;

— International environmental ethnocultural festival of tulips, Saratov

region, Novouzensk;

— Festival “Atkar Roses”, Saratov region, Atkarsk;

— Ural rafting festival “Chusovaya Russia” — 2018, Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg.

Best ethno-cultural tourism event:

— Festival of tourism and recreation “PELEDYSH Fest: All the colors of relaxation!”, Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola;

— International Kazan Muslim Film Festival, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— Open festival of the Chuvash people of the Trans-Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan “Uchuk”, Republic

Tatarstan, Almetyevsk;

— Ethnofestival “Mari Eight”, Republic of Tatarstan, Mendeleevsk;

— “Streams of the Volga Region”, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan;

— “Kysh Batyr”, Republic of Tatarstan, Bolgar;

— “Games of Nomads”, Republic of Bashkortostan, Yakty-Kul;

— Ethnocultural historical festival “Big Karaman”: Crossroads of history”,

Saratov region, Stepnoe settlement, Sovetsky district;

— II ethnographic festival “Tagil Kaleidoscope”, Sverdlovsk region, Nizhny Tagil;

— International oblas rowing competitions as part of the Vit Hon Hutl holiday,

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Nefteyugansk region.

The best projects of Regional competitions will take part in the finals of the National Award in the field of event tourism, Russian Event Awards 2018, which will be held October 24-28 at Nizhny Novgorod.

The award is held with the information support of the Federal Tourism Agency of the Russian Federation (Rosturizm).

Strategic partners of the National Russian Event Awards: International Tourism Exhibition "Intourmarket", National Calendar of Events, Non-profit Partnership "National Association of Information and Tourism Organizations" (NAITO), Russian Association of Public Relations "RASO".

General b2b partner Awards– Portal for travel industry professionals Profi.Travel.

Official partners of the Award: Travel company "TUI Russia", "Zlatoust Arms Factory", Communication group "Gurov & Partners", hotel "Relita-Kazan", travel company "Travel Bureau Kazan".

General industry information partner of the Award: Electronic newspaper RATA-news.

Regulations on the Prize and information about Regional competitions are posted on the official website of the Prize

The Volga Federal District has very remarkable geographical features that are hard not to call sights. Nature has endowed this area with the mountains Shikhany, Eremel, camel mountain, Yangan-Tau, Shumikha rocks with Usva pillars, Chasovaya rock; lakes Shaitan, Sea Eye, Blue karst lakes; many caves (Kapova, Salavata Yulaeva, Kungurskaya, Ledyanaya).

Numerous Orthodox cathedrals, churches and other religious temples are considered the property of the Volga region. Every year they attract believers from all over Russia. These are the St. Michael's Cathedral in Izhevsk, the Kul Sharif Mosque, the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, the Seraphim-Diveevsky Monastery, the Narovchatsky Cave Monastery, the Church of John the Baptist in Nizhny Novgorod, and the Alatyr Holy Trinity Monastery.

To help tourists and others, interactive maps of all areas of the district have been created; historical buildings, which are the valuable architectural heritage of the country, are no less attractive to tourists. In this district there are the Syuyumbike Tower, the castle of Count Sheremetyev, the mansion of the merchant Rukavishnikov in Nizhny Novgorod, the famous Pugachev Oak, and the Kalashnikov Small Arms Museum. Modern monuments are a source of pride for citizens and constant interest for visitors. So in Izhevsk there is a monument to dumplings, and in Ulyanovsk - to the letter E.

The reserves Bolshaya Kokshaga, Nurgush, Kerzhensky, Orenburg attract with their endless lush natural spaces, where flora and fauna are protected in their original form.

The Shikhany Mountains are the highest rock massif in the Middle Urals. At the foot of the mountains, the picturesque Arakul Lake spreads its water surface. In ancient times, Bashkiria was the bottom of the sea, and the Shikhany were once reefs; the preserved imprints of mollusks on them remind us of this. You can find this magnificent natural miracle in the Bashkir Sterlitamak region. It’s not difficult to recognize by the four lonely mountains that stretch along the Agidel River.

Religious historical monuments include the grandiose temple in Izhevsk - St. Michael's Cathedral. It was once the main building of the city and the Palace of Labor after the revolution. It was blown up in 1937, but rebuilt after a long 58 years. Construction of the cathedral began in 1897 on one of the seven hills in the village. Construction lasted 10 years, because its dimensions were simply colossal at that time - 70 meters in height and 43 meters at the base. It was shaped like a cross, and its towers had 11 bells, the total weight of which was 808 pounds. The sound of the largest 2.5-ton bell could be heard even in Yashkur-Bodi. One and a half thousand parishioners could be present in St. Michael's Cathedral at the same time. The restoration of the cathedral ended in 2007, after which it was consecrated and began to function again.

Monuments are not only man-made, but also natural. One of these is the Kungur Ice Cave. There are legends about this unique formation. The cave is recognized as a nature reserve and one of the largest in Russia, while it is the only one equipped for excursion trips. Colored lighting was installed here in order to emphasize the icy beauty; the entrance to the cave continues with a 40-meter long concrete tunnel leading to the Diamond Grotto, and the exit goes through the 109-meter Vyshka grotto. In addition to the ice crystals, the attraction of the cave is considered to be underground lakes connected by groundwater to the Sylva River.

There is a very unusual mountain in the Orenburg region. Here, 9 km from the village of Vostochny, on the bank of the Ashisu stream, there is a 20-meter high rocky quartzite outlier in the shape of a camel, which received its name because of this - Camel Mountain. This original natural sculpture is considered one of the symbols of the Orenburg Trans-Urals. This monument was formed in the process of centuries-old wind blowing away the soil, as a result of which a camel was made from solid blocks of rock. There are many legends about it, and any tourist would probably want to see it.

Annotation. The authors reveal the main prospects for the development of ethnic tourism in the Volga Federal District. The importance and significance of ethnic tourism for such a multi-ethnic and multi-religious region as the Volga Federal District of Russia is emphasized.

Keywords: tourism, ethnic tourism, tourism product, traditional way of life, population, peoples, Volga Federal District.

Tourism is one of the progressive sectors of the world economy. Ethnic tourism is currently gaining particular popularity. More and more categories of tourists are beginning to take an active interest in the complex multinational culture of Russia.

Russia is a country of enormous potential and unusually picturesque folk traditions. It has everything necessary for the development of tourism - a huge territory, rich historical and cultural heritage. In response to this, a new direction is emerging in Russian cultural and educational tourism - ethnic tourism. World practice shows that this type of tourism can satisfy a number of human needs, especially spiritual ones. Ethnic tourism can be one of the possible strategic directions for preserving and developing the economy of the traditional economy, cultural heritage and be a factor in the sustainable development of territories through the involvement of the indigenous population in the creation of original tourism products and the development of recreational activities. Along with such well-established measures as the preservation and development of the traditional way of life, national crafts and art, education and strengthening the health of indigenous peoples, mechanisms have been laid for their more active involvement in the economic life of the regions.

Volga Federal District (VFD)- one of the most developed industrial and agricultural subjects of Russia, with opportunities for the development of ethnic tourism. According to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, it is home to a multinational population - 21.3% of the total number of citizens of the country, 140 representatives of various nations, nationalities, and ethnic groups.

The most important part of ethnic tourism is familiarization with the culture and traditions of various ethnic groups. Traditions are a system of values, norms of behavior, positions and principles of relationships between people. Characteristics of folk traditions include an analysis of existing traditions, determination of their place in the life of the country and linking these traditions to specific territories and ethnic groups.

In ethnotourism, nostalgic tours can be distinguished separately. During such trips, tourists get acquainted with a certain ethnic group of the population living either at the place of their birth or the place where their ancestors lived. Tourists get acquainted with their life, cultural features, everyday moments, etc. This is a good way for scientists and amateurs to learn more about their roots or to study the history of a people of interest. Thanks to this innovation in tourism, many even found their distant relatives in foreign lands. Sometimes people visited places where their fathers, grandfathers lived, or they themselves were evicted from these surroundings in their distant youth. In most cases, it is nostalgia that pushes one to study the characteristics of a particular culture.

The development of ethnic tourism in Russia is becoming a new and leading area of ​​activity. This type of tourism will be in demand in the future due to its uniqueness and originality, since currently ethnic diversity is declining at a rate commensurate with the rate of loss of biological diversity. According to some forecasts, by the end of the 21st century. More than half of the currently existing ethnic languages ​​may disappear forever. Indigenous peoples are carriers of a unique culture and economic system, therefore the development of ethnic tourism is promising in the territories of their traditional residence.

The prerequisites for the development of ethnocultural tourism in Russia include the following:

1) a high degree of ethnic diversity of the population, manifested not only on a national or macro-regional scale, but also within individual subjects of the federation and even at the level of lower administrative units (districts, municipalities, rural settlements);
2) a unique combination of various ethnocultural complexes, primarily East Slavic, Turkic and Finno-Ugric, which developed in the process of long-term interethnic integration, acculturation and assimilation;
3) the need to actively promote the ideas of interethnic tolerance, taking into account tense, and in some regions - seriously complicated interethnic relations in recent decades;
4) traditionally relatively low (in the Volga region, in the Urals) and sharply decreased in recent decades due to mass migrations (in the North Caucasus) level of territorial consolidation of ethnic groups in the corresponding national republics;
5) the destructive influence of urbanization on the traditional cultural complex of almost all ethnic groups in the country;
6) the need for more effective promotion in the domestic and foreign tourism markets of Russian regions, especially those with a low rating of customer tourist preferences.

The number of nationalities and nationalities with interesting life and traditions in our country is huge. 143 million people live in Russia. and more than 180 peoples, each of which has its own traditions, culture, language and crafts, but, unfortunately, this potential is almost untapped.

T Yu. Tikhonova, analyzing the current state of ethnic tourism and the level of development of ethnic-oriented tourism in Russian regions, conditionally groups them as follows:

1) regions that are actively developing ethno-tourism and have the necessary ethno-cultural potential and a sufficiently developed tourism infrastructure for this (Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs, partially Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories);
2) regions that are attractive and promising for the development of ethno-tourism, but have an underdeveloped tourism infrastructure (Khabarovsk Territory, (Yakutia), the Komi Republic, the Volga region, the North of the European part of Russia, the Baikal region, the republics of the North Caucasus, the Kamchatka Territory, Sakhalin, the Republics of Khakassia and Mari El, Chuvash Republic).

The last type of regions includes the subjects that are part of the Volga Federal District. The national composition of the Volga Federal District and the cultural heritage of the peoples living on its territory are very rich, have similar features, but at the same time differ in their characteristic features. Let's consider the possibilities of the regions of the Volga Federal District for the development of ethnic tourism.

One of the promising stable regions of the Volga Federal District, in which ethnic tourism can potentially develop, is the Republic of Mordovia. This is no coincidence, since the republic is multinational and is the center of the Finno-Ugric peoples of Russia. Russians, Mordovians, Tatars, Ukrainians, etc. live on its territory. Currently, the following centers of national culture operate in Mordovia: the village. Podlesnaya Tavla (Kochkurovsky district), village. Nizovka, village Urusovo (Ardatovsky district), village. Staraya Terizmorga (Staroshaigovsky district), village. Rybkino (Kovylkinsky district), village. Kochetovka (Insarsky district) in which you can get acquainted with the peculiarities of life, crafts, clothing, and rituals of the Mordovian people.

About 20% of the crafts of all of Russia are concentrated in the Nizhny Novgorod region, including the world famous golden Khokhloma, Semenov matryoshka, gold embroidery, Gorodets, Polkhovsko-Maidan painting, weaving, guipure, filigree, knifemaking, woodworking and other crafts. In many areas of the region, from 50 to 200 craftsmen work in the field of folk arts and crafts, decorative and applied arts. A clear confirmation of this is the amazing fairy-tale city-museum of Gorodets.

Ethnically interesting. The Mari are one of the few peoples of Europe who have preserved paganism and the cult objects associated with it in their living existence. In addition, the Republic of Mari El represents a unique experience of the coexistence of paganism, Christianity and Islam. The ethnographic open-air museum in Kosmodemyansk is very popular.

The Orenburg region is a tolerant multicultural region; representatives of more than a hundred ethnic groups live on its territory. Important for the development of ethnotourism in general is the level of urbanization of the region - 58%, since this type of tourism is implemented mainly in rural areas. In the Orenburg region, it is possible to organize tours from Germany to German villages founded by Germans who have preserved elements of their culture and way of life.

In the Samara region, active work is underway to organize museum complexes with an ethnic focus: the open-air museum “Bogatyrskaya Sloboda”, the ethnographic museum “Gornitsa” and others. This region is one of the most multinational regions of our country.

The Republic of Tatarstan, due to historical and social factors, has great potential for the development of ethnic tourism. The nostalgic direction - trips to the historical homeland, is very relevant for the region. Most ethnic Tatars live outside the republic. Tatarstan is the center of the Tatar world. The purpose of visits can be not only meetings with relatives, but also visits to significant events in the cultural world - Sabantuy, holidays, anniversaries, concerts. Appeal to the national factor will allow preserving the language, history, and traditions of the Tatar people. Ethnic tourism is developing successfully in the Yelabuga region of the republic; holding the international ethnic festival “Krutushka” has become traditional.

Ethnic tourism in the Ulyanovsk region is represented by a wide range of craft specialties. It can be argued that in the Ulyanovsk region, the problems of the development of handicrafts, the revival of a number of folk crafts, which are directly related to the spirituality, culture of the people, and the attractiveness of the province with its original flavor, are becoming urgent. Experts hope that a powerful impetus for the development of handicrafts in the Ulyanovsk region will be given by the Crafts Center, which they plan to build near the village. New Bedenga in the Ulyanovsk region.

Ethnic tourism in Chuvashia is included in the list of priority areas for tourism development in the republic. Of great interest to tourists and the greatest value on the Chuvash land are the Chuvash people with their national traditions and rituals. In the village of Ibresi there is an open-air ethnographic museum; It is planned to create a tourist cluster “Ethnic Chuvashia”.

Thus, having analyzed the ethnic component of the regions of the Volga Federal District, we came to the conclusion that most of them have sufficient opportunities for the development of ethnic tourism on their territory, but not all existing objects are involved in the tourism industry, not all regions are actively developing tourism in general , and ethnic tourism in particular. The development of ethnic tourism in the regions of the Volga Federal District should become a priority, since these regions have been little studied, but have great potential. In many ways, the current state is determined by the saturation and material and technical condition of tourist infrastructure, as well as the position and activity of the population and authorities. A detailed study of this type of tourism in the Volga Federal District will help solve a number of economic and social problems associated with the effective use of tourism resources, their development and the preservation of the historical and cultural heritage of indigenous populations.

Literature

1. Butuzov A.G. State and prospects for the development of ethnocultural tourism in the Russian Federation // Service in Russia and abroad. - 2009. - No. 4. - P.11-15.
2. All-Russian population census 2010. - - URL: http://www.perepis-2010.ru/.
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6. Federal State Statistics Service. - - URL: http://www.gks.ru/.
7. Federal portal protown.ru. Development of tourism in the republic. - - URL: http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/3475.html.

Gurkina E.N., Nekhaeva N.E. Prospects of Ethnic Tourism in the Volga Federal District

Abstract. The article considers the main prospects of ethnic tourism on the territory of the Volga Federal District. The authors emphasize the importance and significance of ethnic tourism for the Volga Federal District as a multiethnic and multi-religious Russian region.

Keywords: tourism, ethnic tourism, tourist product, traditional lifestyle, population, ethnic groups, Volga Federal District.

Large cities: Ufa (Bashkortostan), Kazan (Tatarstan), Yoshkar-Ola (Republic of the World), Saransk (Republic of Mordovia), Izhevsk (Republic of Udmurtia), Cheboksary (Chuvash Republic), Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, Penza, Perm, Samara, Saratov, Ulyanovsk.

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Airport: Kazan International Airport

Kazan is the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. The largest tour operators have their offices in Kazan and organize charter flights from Kazan to various international destinations. Tours departing from Kazan are also popular among tourists from cities such as Cheboksary, Izhevsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Bugulma, Naberezhnye Chelny, Almetyevsk, Saransk, the population of these cities ranges from 200,000 to 600,000 people. Residents of Kazan and the region also choose tours with departures from Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod.
Travel agents from Kazan prefer to participate in tourism seminars twice a year (spring and autumn sessions), organized by two companies: the Regional Seminar Club and Workshop Tourbusiness.

NIZHNY NOVGOROD (formerly Gorky)

Population: 2,000,000 people
Number of travel agencies: more than 600 agencies (about 150 active).
Airport: Strigino International Airport

This is perhaps one of the few cities located in close proximity to the Russian capital that has its own airport. There are several local outbound tour operators in Nizhny Novgorod who organize their programs from Nizhny Novgorod, but do not have offices in Moscow and other regions of Russia. Tours with departures from Nizhny Novgorod airport are popular among tourists from the cities of Nizhny Novgorod, such as Arzamas, Dzerzhinsk, Volga, Pol, Pervomaisky, Sarov, Chkalov and others, whose population ranges from 50,000 to 350,000 people. The number of travel agencies in these cities ranges from 30 to 70.
Travel agents from Nizhny Novgorod prefer to participate in tourism seminars twice a year (spring and autumn sessions) organized by two companies: the Regional Seminar Club and Workshop Tourbusiness. Transportation to these seminars is also arranged from major cities in the region.

SAMARA (formerly Kuibyshev)

Population: more than 1,000,000 people
Number of travel agencies: more than 600 agencies (about 120-150 active).
Airport: Kuromesh International Airport.

Most travel agencies operate under the brand of tour operators such as: Coral Travel, Pegas Touristik and Tez Tour. The largest tour operators in Russia, which organize charter flights from the region to foreign resorts, have offices in Samara. Most flights from Samara are organized jointly by several tour operators.
The airport is located between the cities of Samara and Tolyatti. Other cities in the region: Syzran, Zhigulevsk, Novokuibyshevsk, Chapaevsk. Tourists from Samara sometimes also buy tours with departure from Ufa, rarely tours with departure from Moscow.
The second largest city in the Volga region B is Tolyatti with a population of 750,000 people, just two hours from Samara. Tourists from Tolyatti also use the services of Kuromoch International Airport. Only leading tour operators have their own offices in Tolyatti. The number of tour operators in Tolyatti reaches 300, but no more than 100 of them are actively working.
In the spring, a special tourism fair “Tourism Industry” is organized in Nizhny Novgorod. Travel agents from the Nizhny Novgorod region also participate twice a year in tourism seminars (spring and autumn sessions), organized both in Nizhny Novgorod and Togliatti by two companies: Regional Seminar Club and Workshop Tourbusiness

Population: 1,100,000,000 people
Number of travel agencies: more than 450 agencies (about 100-120 active).
Airport: Ufa International Airport

Ufa is the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Most of the leading Russian tour operators have their own offices in Ufa and organize their own charter programs for mass destinations. Programs for exotic countries are mainly organized through Moscow. The flight to Moscow lasts only 2 hours; about 10 regular flights arrive from Ufa to Moscow every day. The main cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan are: Sterlitamak, Nizhnekamsk, Oktyabrsk, Blagoveshchensk, whose residents actively fly from Ufa airport. The population in these cities ranges from 100,000 to 500,000 people, and the average number of travel agencies in each city varies from 50 to 100 people.

Population: 850,000 people
Number of travel agencies: about 200 agencies (about 80 active).
Airport: Saratov International Airport

The city is located relatively close to cities such as Volgograd (390 km) and Samara (440 km), which allows tourists to choose tours with departures from these cities. The region is represented by charter flights from operators such as Coral Travel, TUI, Natalie Tours and others. Over the past two years, a large number of charter flights were operated from Saratov airport to international destinations, but over the past year the number of flights has decreased significantly, with the flow of tourists redirected to operations with departures from Volgograd (390 km) or Samara (440 km).

The only seminar organized in Saratov is the tourism business seminar (spring and autumn sessions).

ULYANOVSK

Population: 600,000 people
Number of travel agencies: more than 200 agencies (about 50-70 active).
Airport: Barataevka International Airport

A small provincial town in Russia has recently attracted the attention of many tour operators in Russia, which has actively begun offering programs with direct departures from Ulyanovsk airport. In 2015, many tour operators reduced their flight programs from the region due to the economic situation in the country. The city is located close to such large cities as Kazan (140 km), Saratov (345 km), Samara (270 km), so the choice of destinations for city residents is quite large at any time of the year.

The only seminar organized in Ulyanovsk is a tourism business seminar (spring and autumn sessions).

Population: 520,000 people
Number of travel agencies: more than 150 agencies (about 60 active).
Penza Airport"

More than half a million people live in the city, and residents of the Penza region are represented by numerous long-term agencies. Despite the fact that the city has its own airport, there are no international flights from it; only connected tours can be carried out in Moscow. The nearest airport is Samara departure airport, located 350 km from the city. The city is almost not represented by the offices of tour operators, but each operator has its own authorized agency in the city. Often residents of the Penza region and separate tours departing from Moscow. The largest cities in the Penza region are Kuznetsk, Nikolsky Sursk and others. It is worth noting that the city has daily train connections with Moscow; the trip takes about 10-12 hours.

The only seminar organized in Penza is the tourism business seminar (spring and autumn sessions).

ORENBURG

Population: over 576,000 people
Number of travel agencies: more than 350 agencies (about 80-100 active).
Airport: Orenburg International Airport

The capital of the Southern Urals. The region has its own airline called Orenburg Airlines, which operates regular flights to the Russian capital and the country's largest city. Most charter programs are paid for by the airline. In all countries, the largest tour operators are their own offices or authorized agencies. In the last two to three years, interest in the region among tour operators has increased significantly, but due to recent economic problems, some tour operators have left the region or reduced charter flights from the region. The city is located near the cities of Samara (373 km) and Ufa (334 km), the flight from which is the same as for residents of Orenburg.

The city has seminars and exhibitions in connection with leading operators than twice a year to these regions to present their plans for the winter and summer seasons.

Population: more than 1,000,000 people
Number of travel agencies: more than 450 agencies (about 110-130 active).
Airport: Bolshoi Savino International Airport

One of the main subjects of the Russian Federation, forming the Perm region. Most tour operators in the city have their own branches or franchise agencies. Many agencies are authorized tour operator agencies. The city rarely hosts tourism exhibitions, but most participants in the region's tourism market attended the exhibition in Yekaterinburg and Moscow. Tours with departures from the airport of the city of the Perm region - urban residents such as Kungur, Solikamsk, Aleksandrovsk and other cities, the distance from Perm is from 50 to 150 km.

Almost all of these cities are located on the Volga-Vody artery of the central part of Russia. The Volga is also connected by a canal to Moscow via the Moscow River. Therefore, even while in Moscow, you can easily take a cruise along the Volga. This will be especially interesting on your unforgettable moment in life - your wedding day. So arrange a miracle for yourself - a wedding on a boat, it will be a magical holiday!