Temples of the Yaroslavl region, Pereslavl district. Upland village Upland village
| The country | Russia |
| Subject of the federation | Yaroslavskaya oblast |
| Municipal area | Pereslavsky |
| Rural settlement | Nagoryevskoye |
| Timezone | UTC+4 |
| Coordinates | Coordinates: 56°55′07″ s. sh. 38°15′41″ in. / 56.918611° N sh. 38.261389° E e. (G) (O) (I) 56 ° 55′07 ″ s. sh. 38°15′41″ in. / 56.918611° N sh. 38.261389° E d. (G) (O) (I) |
| Telephone code | +7 48535 |
| demonym | highlanders |
| car code | 76 |
| OKATO code | 78 232 852 001 |
| Postcode | 152030 |
| Population | ▼ 1795 people (2007) |
| Center height | 167 m |
| Former names | Poreevo, Nikolskoye, Preobrazhenskoye |
| First mention | 14th century |
| Square | 3.2 km² |
Nagorye - a village in the Pereslavl district of the Yaroslavl region, the center of the Nagorevsky rural settlement.
Name
The village of Nagorye in the old days had several names: Poreevo (Pareevo (until the 17th century), Nikolskoye, then Preobrazhenskoye (according to local churches), and, finally, Nagorye, that is, located on the mountain - a popular name, the only one that has survived to this day.
The village has had its present name since 1770. This name appears in the documents of Catherine II.
Story
The first mention of the Poreevo village dates back to the 14th century. But it already existed during the time of the Pereslavl principality, served as its stronghold in the west and stood at the crossroads of trade routes between Moscow, Uglich and Ksnyatin, on the very border of the Pereslavl, Tver and Uglich principalities. For travel and transportation of goods here they took zamyt (trade duty), therefore the whole neighborhood was called "Zamytye", and its owners received the surname Zamytsky. The village of Poreevo in 1571 was given by Davyd and Ivan Zamytsky to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. According to the scribe book of 1593, the village of Poreevo included several plots, wasteland, 30 quarters of arable land in the field, 50 hay hay, 4 tithes of forest, a monastery yard, a cow yard, 7 peasant yards. In 1593, the head of Afanasy Alyabyev took this estate, making a contribution of 100 rubles for it. Since 1614, Poreevo again belonged to the monastery. In 1624, the village was assigned to the sovereign's palace villages to the palace, but was soon returned to Mikhail Mikhailov Zamytsky. There were 33 peasant households in the village at that time.
Then the Nagorye belonged to Ekaterina Mikhailovna Saltykova, together with the village of Voskresensky (Khmelniki), 5 km away from it, and 16 surrounding villages inherited from her by Count Matvey Fedorovich Apraksin. All this estate, which amounted to 1060 male souls, was bought by Empress Catherine II in 1770 and granted to Admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov in eternal and hereditary possession, for the defeat and extermination of the Turkish fleet at Chesma. At that time, the village received its present name. Since March 29, 1944, the name of Admiral Spiridov has been borne by the main street of the village (formerly Moscow); on the site of the former manor house (now the territory of the school) in 1962, a bust-monument was erected to him by the sculptor O. V. Butkevich and the architect I. B. Purishev. In the Nagoryevsk House of Creativity there was a museum dedicated to the history of the Spiridov family.
The Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with the chapel of the Great Martyr Irina on the churchyard on the Melenka River has been known since 1628. Then there were no icons, no books, no church utensils. According to legend, in its place in ancient times there was a monastery called "Nikola in Tyntsy", but there are no traces of its existence. This church was abolished in 1796, a chapel was built in its place, which stood until 1923, houses of clergy were placed near it.
Located one and a half kilometers from the Church of St. Nicholas, the wooden Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was in ruins in 1628, and by 1654 had already been restored. In 1785, instead of a wooden church, Grigory Spiridov began to build a vast stone church with three altars and a bell tower. The building was completed in 1787. In 1790, under the floor of the church at the entrance to the meal in a stone crypt, the bodies of the temple builder Admiral Spiridov and his wife were buried. In 1795, under his eldest son and heir of the Highlands, senator and historian Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov, two more chapels were added on the western side of the Transfiguration Church in memory of the former wooden St. Nicholas Church. In 1833, an altar table in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, transferred from the house church of Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov, which existed from 1821 until his death, was also arranged in the refectory. Thus, there are currently six thrones in the church: in the cold one in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord, the Life-Giving Trinity and the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, in the warm aisles in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Mother of God, called "Joy of All Who Sorrow", and the Kazan Icon Mother of God. Above the throne of the main temple, a canopy crowned with a small wooden cross on 4 wooden columns was arranged, the Lord of hosts was depicted inside the dome of the canopy, on the front side of the canopy there were 2 carved angels holding a crown. A similar canopy was built over the throne in the aisle of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. The church was rich in various decorations.
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On a summer morning in the village after sunrise over a flowering meadow, the full moon looks wonderful.
Hiding behind jasmine and lilac bushes, wooden huts stand under rowan trees.
Summer, morning, the village of Sitnitsa - I am ready to look at this wooden carved beauty endlessly.
I draw your attention to the fact that there are no baths, small huts around the wooden huts. It turns out that there were no baths in these parts, people washed in the ovens.
And this hut has windows. The platbands are colored, and on the sides along the wooden carved columns.
In general, lateral carved columns are very characteristic of architraves in the villages and villages of the Kalyazinsky district of the Tver region and the Pereslavsky district of the Yaroslavl region.
How many creatures once were here. A good owner had one cow, one horse, one sheep for two people in his family. What if there were 12 people in the family?
Wooden houses-huts in villages and villages are absolutely alive like people. The owner is doing well, the house is strong and well-ordered.
Things were shaken, and the fence was shaken.
From the village of Sitnitsa we go to the village of Nagorye.
We walk along the old road, the Kalyazinsky tract, which connected the ancient cities of Pereslavl-Zalessky and Kalyazin.
How many people have walked this road in the same way over the centuries?
It looks like the forecast for this summer morning, a thunderstorm and a storm, is starting to come true. Clouds boiled in the sky.
Above the horizon, the blue began to darken rapidly.
The ancient trading village of Nagorye has been called differently during its long history.
And Poreevo (Pareevo), and in the churches - Nikolskoye, Preobrazhenskoye. But the original folk name "Uplands" has been preserved.
After all, the village of Upland is crowned by a large solitary hill in the middle of a flat plain.
Right at the very top, the village of Nagorye with its Transfiguration Church embodies the idea of a “city on a hill”.
The rural area around the Transfiguration Church delights with its spaciousness and amazes with the scope of trade operations that were once carried out here.
The village of Nagorye is located in the center at an equal distance of about 50 km from the surrounding neighboring cities. Roads to Kalyazin, Pereslavl, Uglich, Sergiev Posad and Moscow converge and diverge to the square around the Church of the Transfiguration in the village of Nagorye.
Therefore, the village of Nagorye in former times was a large trading village. What life is in full swing here!
Quote from an essay by a local historian G. Elpatevsky:
“In 1880, there were 60 trading shops on the square, of which 17 were made of stone, belonging to the local church; moreover, two lines of tented shop premises; the shops were all covered with hemp.
Trade was carried out in red goods, leather, iron and flour, meat, sheepskins, horses, wooden and earthenware and other rural products; there were also four shops with colonial goods.
There were four annual fairs: Petrovskaya, Ilyinskaya, Preobrazhenskaya and Pokrovskaya, and weekly bazaars were held on Tuesdays, starting from Pokrov Day to Peter's Day (from October 1 to June 29).
During the summer, the weekly bazaars stopped. Trade was carried on for the most part by third-party merchants; local residents on trading days were engaged only in the sale of food supplies.
There were 3 tavern establishments, 2 taverns, 2 inns, 1 wine warehouse and 1 oil mill.
Let's take a walk on a summer morning through the streets of the ancient trading village of Nagorye.
There are old wooden houses.
Look with eyes-windows from the past.
Well, here it is again. A curtain has moved in the window, a head has appeared and an angry resident jumps out into the yard.
Man, why are you taking pictures of my house?
- He is old, I answer.
- So what, what's old? What's in it?
- And there is the Khrushchev opposite. What's in it?
- There's nothing in it.
- That's right, but there is a Soul in your house.
And the woman looks at her house and at me with respect.
And I'm walking along the streets of the old trading village of Nagorye.
I breathe in the scents of the past.
Lindens are blooming. Houses run up the slopes of the hill.
Smells like dill.
From the carved beauty of old wooden houses, wooden fences, flowering front gardens in the trading village of Nagorye, I feel so good.
When walking along a new tourist route, it is difficult to calculate the end time of the hike.
The bus to Sergiev Posad will be only in an hour.
While waiting for the bus, I look at the environment.
Sunday summer morning in a large village. A bully flaunts lazily in shorts and a T-shirt with a picture of a sickle and a hammer and the inscription "Mow and hammer." An oriental merchant mercilessly coughs on his fruit, as if the poor fellow would not have tuberculosis. Grandmothers sell chanterelle mushrooms and blueberries in glass jars. Provinces...
Description of Upland (Yaroslavl region)
Few villages of the Yaroslavl region will be able to compete with the Highlands in terms of beauty and picturesque location. The village is spread out on a high hill, at the intersection of the roads Pereslavl - Moscow - Uglich - Kalyazin. From two sides the village is washed by the river Nerl, in the east the now dried-up famous Torchinovskoye swamp spreads, from which intense heat emanates in dry summers.
In the very center of the village stands a dilapidated blackened stone temple - a monument to the past of the village, whose history dates back to the 15th century.
Nagorye is a former regional center. Now - a large village with almost three thousand inhabitants, known for its amazing cheese and confectionery.
The Highland is a living history, which local historians are trying to revive. This guide is the result of a lot of work.
Upland - was a large trading village, lying not far from the borders of Pereslavl district and Tver province.
The first mention of the village of Nagorye is found in the XIV century, when during the time of the Principality of Pereslavl it was a stronghold in the west, as well as a junction of trade routes from its capital to the cities of Ketyatin and Kalyazin, from Moscow to ancient Uglich.
The village of Nagorye during its existence had several names: Poreevo (Pareevo), Nikolskoye, Preobrazhenskoye, Nagorye. Until the 17th century, these places were called Poreevo village. Until the 17th century, there were only a few peasant households.
At the beginning of the XVII century. the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker appeared (building by D. A. Zamytsky). Hence the new name of the village - Nikolskoe. The church was very poor (as the scribe books of 1628-1629 testify) - there were no icons, no books, no church utensils; the priest Alexei, the deacon Ivashka, the sexton, the mallows, the poor elders in the cells were at the church. Until 1923, a chapel stood on the site of the old St. Nicholas Church.
The name of the church has survived to this day, but in a slightly different form.
Near the place where the first local church stood there is a large beautiful pond, which is called Nikolsky.
A little later, a wooden Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was built on the site of the current church. From that time and for almost a hundred and fifty years, the village was called Preobrazhensky.
It has had its current name - Upland - since 1770. This is exactly how it appears in the documents of Catherine II.
It is possible that not far from the Highlands, near the borders of the neighboring Tver and Uglich principalities, where there was a customs, or in the old "myt", where they took a duty for the transported goods, so this side was called Zamytsky among the people, and its first owners were the Zamytskys. Boyars Zamytsky were the largest landowners of the Pereslavl region.
The village of Poreevo in 1571, together with the village of Foninsky (as it was called by the name of the local priest), were given by Davyd and Ivan Zamytsky in the Trinity - Sergius Monastery.
In 1575, according to the spiritual Maria Zamytskaya, the wife of Bogdan Semenovich and her son Ivan, they donated their old estate, the village of Andriyanovskoye with villages along the Nerl River, to the Trinity - Sergius Monastery.
Maria herself went to atone for her sins in the Assumption Monastery (not far from Shiryayka), where she took the veil as a nun. Thus, the whole area belonged to the monastery.
According to the scribe book of 1593, the village of Poreevo includes: several beginnings, wastelands, 30 quarters of arable land in the field, 50 hay hay, 4 acres of forest, a monastery yard, a cow yard, 7 peasant yards.
In the same year, the head of Afanasy Alyabyev took over this patrimony, giving a contribution of 100 rubles for it.
Since 1614, Poreevo again became the property of the monastery.
Since 1624, Poreevo was assigned to the state palace lands, then returned to Zamytsky. After the Zamytskys, the village belonged to the Saltykovs, from whom it passed to Count Apraksin. In 1770, the Highland was bought by Catherine II and granted to the Russian admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov.
Having received the estate, Spiridov began to build a vast stone church (1785-1787). Also, on his instructions, in 1785 a manor house and a number of wooden buildings were built. The entire south-eastern side of the village was occupied by the master's estate with a space of 8 acres with a beautiful garden and greenhouses.
After the death of G.A. Spiridov was buried in the Nagoryevskaya Transfiguration Church.
Matvey Grigoryevich Spiridov became the heir to the estate in 1790. Since 1829, the Nagorye estate passed to his sons: Grigory, Alexei, Alexander and Matvey. Further, only two branches of the Spiridovs retained their land ownership in the Uplands. In 1885, there was a strong fire in the Uplands, which destroyed almost all wooden buildings, including the estate. And already in 1887 they were rebuilt.
What was the village like at the end of the 19th century? Peasant households - 114; landlords, clergy - 11, church - 1; soldiers - 110. The main occupation of the peasants - land ownership - did not bring large incomes. Therefore, most of the peasants lived in poverty, as evidenced by their way of life.
The houses of the peasants were one-story, from 7 to 10 arshins, they were heated mainly on black, the food was scarce: bread, radish, oatmeal, peas, onions.
After the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the position of the peasants changed little. The patches of land that were allocated to them and for which they had to pay a large ransom did not make it possible to profitably farm. On this basis, riots broke out.
For example, in s. Vedomsha in 1879, 175 people were arrested for attempting an uprising. But rich merchants appeared - Valyaevs, Karelins, Musatovs, Osokins, Sveshnikovs, Sheksnins. They were engaged not only in trade, but also in buying up land from the poor.
Upland has long been a trading village. The trading area, which occupies a significant part of the village, belonged to local landowners and some visiting rich people. There were 60 shops trading on the square, in addition to two lines of tent shop premises. Traded leather, iron, meat, flour products; sheepskins, horses, wooden and earthenware.
There were four annual fairs: Petrovskaya, Ilyinskaya, Preobrazhenskaya and Pokrovskaya. There were also weekly bazaars on Tuesdays, starting from Pokrov Day and ending with Peter's Day (from October 1 to June 29).
Trade was carried out mainly by visiting merchants, local residents on trading days were engaged in selling only food products. The village had 3 taverns, 2 taverns, 2 inns, 1 wine warehouse and 1 oil mill.
In 1865 - 1867. anthrax raged. A large number of livestock died.
By the beginning of the century, the Nagoryevskaya volost was part of the Pereslavl district of the Vladimir province. The land was owned by large landowners. 75 large kulak farms had as much land as 14,000 peasant farms had, and the best land at that. Almost 50% of the peasants annually went to the city to earn money. Crafts existed: in Vedomsha - factories for the production of tar and turpentine, in Voronovo and Kolgan - they burned coal, in Likharev pottery was developed, in Sidorkov - blacksmithing, in Sleptsovo - carpenters and felters worked, in Sitnitsy - they worked at oil mills.
In 1912, only 78 children studied at the parish school. No more than a dozen graduated from high school each year. There was one library for the entire Nagoryevskaya volost, it contained 1203 books.
The post office was in the hands of a private owner, the Pereslavl nobleman Rodyshevsky.
The Nagoryevskaya hospital was in such a state that the ceilings collapsed in it. The newspaper "Old Vladimirets" wrote about this. Two doctors, 4 paramedics, one midwife - that's all the medical staff for 6 volosts. Mortality was enormous. In 1906, 2700 people died, of which 75% were children under 5 years of age.
Soviet power was established peacefully. When on November 21, 1917, the Nagorievsky priest N.A. Epiphany during the vigil, supported by wealthy peasants, urged to defend the interim government and not to believe the Bolsheviks, the villagers tied up the rebels and sent them to Pereslavl.
Soviet power in the village was proclaimed in December 1917.
The first rural commissar was Semyonov Yakov Nikolaevich. The Nagoryevskaya party cell included 3 people: Alexei Secrets, Alexei Ryzhenkov, Stepan Zauzin and 12 sympathizers.
In the 1920s - 1930s, many changes took place: 153 collective farms, 2 MTSs were created on the territory of the Nagoryevsk region, in which there were 96 taverns, 14 combines, 20 threshers and other equipment. In 1929, the collective farm "Association" was created on the territory of the village of Nagorye, and Golyakov Yakov Nikolaevich was its first chairman.
In 1929, the first telephone set appeared. It was the only one in the entire region and the connection was only with the city of Pereslavl. By 1938, there were 27 pig farms, 24 sheep farms, and 3 horse farms in the Nagoryevsk region. There were 4 hospitals and one medical station, 10 feldsher stations, they were served by 6 doctors, 13 midwives and other medical personnel.
5513 children studied in 52 primary, incomplete secondary and secondary schools. In the area there was a House of Culture, 15 huts - reading rooms with small libraries.
There was a women's livestock organization, Tikhonova Marfa Egorovna, Belyakova Claudia Dmitrievna, Denisova Nina Ivanovna, Ganina Ksenia Alekseevna actively worked in it.
The anti-religious organization SVB (Union of militant atheists) operated under the district council. The result of the activities of this organization and policy in general was the plundering of the local church and the desecration of the ashes of Admiral G.A. Spiridov. autumn 1930
On June 10, 1921, the Nagorevsky district was formed as part of the Ivanovo industrial region, and before that, Nagorye was part of the Vladimir province. In 1931, the first issue of the regional newspaper Pobeda was published.
During the Great Patriotic War, the Nagoryevsk region, like the whole country, worked for the front. There was a frontal zone here. Hundreds of refugees from the Smolensk region and from the Kalinin region stopped in Nagorye. There was preparation in the forests of places for parking of partisan detachments. A fighter battalion was created in the area to fight enemy landings and train military personnel.
The workers of the region gave a lot to the front during the war years: they raised money for the Ivan Susanin tank column, for the Yaroslavsky Komsomolets squadron, for orphanages. Many parcels were sent to the front with food and warm
More than 700 people did not return from the front.
At the end of 1944, the division of the region began. Of the 120 collective farms, only 22 were created. On March 29, 1944, by decision of the executive committee of the district council, the former Moskovskaya Street was renamed Admiral Spiridov Street. In 1962, the sculptor O.V. Butkevich and architect I.B. Purishev erected a bust of G.A. Spiridov.
Since 1965, the state farm "Association" became known as the state farm "Nagorye".
In 1885, Admiral Grigory Spiridov, the patrimony of the Highlands, instead of a wooden church, began the construction of a vast stone church with three altars. The building was completed in 1787. The temple was called "Transfiguration of Spasovo".
In 1875, two more chapels were added to it from the western side. In 1833, another altar was arranged in the refectory in memory of the former house church of the same landowner Spiridov. (The church in the house of M.G. Spiridov was built in 1821, and after his death in 1833, it was abolished).
Inside the church, at the entrance to the meal, the body of the temple creator, Admiral G.A., was buried. Spiridov, as well as his wife.
The church owned: a two-story house in the church fence, in which the parochial school was located, and 17 stone shops on the outside of the fence, which brought in an income of 60 rubles a year.
The parish consisted of the village of Nagorye and villages: Malenki, Vekhovo, Manshino, Sidorkovo, Ogoreltsevo, Ovchinnikovo, Torchinovo, Korobovo, Mikhaltsevo, Voronkino, Rodionovo, Obonyakovo, Foninsky, in which there were 1989 male souls and 2410 female souls. The zemstvo school existed at the church since 1871. The church was destroyed in 1930. Since that time, the state farm warehouse has been located in the temple premises.
Only on August 2, 1992, a service was held in the church for the creator of the temple, Admiral G.A. Spiridov.
Man (2010)
Name [ | ]
The village of Nagorye in the old days had several names: Poreevo(Pareevo (until the 17th century), Nikolskoye, then Preobrazhenskoe(according to local churches), and, finally, uplands, that is, located on the mountain - a popular name, the only one that has survived to this day.
The village has its modern name since 1770. This name appears in the documents of Catherine II.
Geography [ | ]
Village club and monument to the Warriors-compatriots who fell in the battles for the freedom and independence of the Motherland
The uplands are located near the border of Pereslavsky District with Tver Oblast. It is located 47 km west of the regional city of Pereslavl-Zalessky and 187 km from the regional city of Yaroslavl. The nearest railway stations are: Kalyazin 48 km (in the Tver region) and Berendeevo 62 km (in the Pereslavl region).
The village is called Upland by its location, as it stands on a hill and can be seen from afar from all sides; in all directions from the village - gentle slope. Around the village is quite flat and occupied by fields and smaller villages and villages, the area is limited by coniferous forest. In the lowlands there are moss swamps with a small pine forest, on the hillocks - spruce groves.
The soil is also infertile. Southwest winds prevail in the village. The norm of precipitation per year is about 500 mm. Winter in the Highlands is quite severe, autumn and spring are wet, while June and July are usually dry and hot.
5 km from the Nagorye, it flows, skirting the Nagorsk area from the eastern, southern and western sides, the Nerl River, flowing out of the lake and flowing into the Volga (in fact, it is a continuation of the Veksa river, flowing from Lake Pleshcheyevo). On the southern outskirts of the village, a tributary of the Nerl flows - a stream called the Melenka River and forming, at the beginning of its course, through an artificial dam, Nikolsky Pond, named after the St. Nicholas Church located here earlier. In the village itself there is also the central Selsky (Bazarsky), Selkhoztehniki and other smaller ponds.
Story [ | ]
Then the Upland belonged to Ekaterina Mikhailovna Saltykova, together with the village of Voskresensky (Khmelniki), 5 km away from it, and 16 surrounding villages inherited from her by Count Matvey Fedorovich Apraksin. All this estate, which amounted to 1060 male souls, was bought in 1770 by Empress Catherine II and granted to Admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov in eternal and hereditary possession, for the defeat and extermination of the Turkish fleet at Chesme. At that time, the village received its present name. Since March 29, 1944, the name of Admiral Spiridov has been borne by the main street of the village (formerly Moscow); on the site of the former manor house (now the territory of a kindergarten) in 1962, a bust-monument was erected to him by the sculptor O. V. Butkevich and the architect I. B. Purishev. In the Nagoryevsk House of Creativity there was a museum dedicated to the history of the Spiridov family.
The Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with the chapel of the Great Martyr Irina on the churchyard on the Melenka River has been known since 1628. Then there were no icons, no books, no church utensils. According to legend, in its place in ancient times there was a monastery called "Nikola in Tyntsy", but there are no traces of its existence. This church was abolished in 1796, a chapel was built in its place, which stood until 1923, houses of clergy were placed near it.
Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior
Located one and a half kilometers from the Church of St. Nicholas, the wooden Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was in ruins in 1628, and by 1654 had already been restored. In 1785, instead of a wooden church, Grigory Spiridov began to build a vast stone church with three altars and a bell tower. The building was completed in 1787. In 1790, under the floor of the church at the entrance to the meal in a stone crypt, the bodies of the temple builder Admiral Spiridov and his wife were buried. In 1795, under his eldest son and heir of the Highlands, senator and historian Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov, two more chapels were added on the western side of the Transfiguration Church in memory of the former wooden St. Nicholas Church. In 1833, an altar table in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, transferred from the house church of Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov, which existed from 1821 until his death, was also arranged in the refectory. Thus, there are currently six thrones in the church: in the cold one in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord, the Life-Giving Trinity and the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, in the warm aisles in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Mother of God, called "Joy of All Who Sorrow", and the Kazan Icon Mother of God. Above the throne of the main temple, a canopy crowned with a small wooden cross on 4 wooden columns was arranged, the Lord of hosts was depicted inside the dome of the canopy, on the front side of the canopy there were 2 carved angels holding a crown. A similar canopy was built over the throne in the aisle of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. The church was rich in various decorations.
The entire southeastern side of the village was occupied under Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov by the master's estate, built in 1785, with a space of 8.7 hectares with a garden, a linden grove and greenhouses. As a child, one of the Decembrists, Mikhail Matveyevich Spiridov, the son of Matvey Grigorievich, spent summer and winter holidays in Nagorye in his childhood. Upon the death of the latter in 1829, the estate, together with the land and serfs, was divided into 4 parts between his sons, of which two were kept in the direct family of him and were in the possession of his grandchildren. In each of the estates at the end of the 19th century there were owner's houses and gardens attached to them; in one of them there was a linden grove, in the other - a birch grove. In 1880, there was only one landowner's estate - staff captain Grigory Grigorievich Spiridov. Back in 1957, a descendant of Admiral Spiridov, 68-year-old Dmitry Ivanovich Spiridov, who worked for 36 years as an agronomist in Pereslavl and other districts of the region, lived in a neighboring village.
In 1847, there were up to 600 people in the village.
Since 1778, Nagorye belonged to the Pereslavl district of the Vladimir province, was the center of the Nagoryevskaya (Nagorskaya) volost. It was located on the high road called the Kalyazinsky tract (from Pereslavl to Kalyazin), which has now lost its significance. To this day, four roads lead to the village and in its center on the trading square, four roads intersect, one goes to Pereslavl, the other to Kalyazin, the third to Uglich, the fourth to Sergiev Posad and Moscow. In 1880, the road to Pereslavl was inconvenient, as it was covered with bridges and gats, passed (and passes) through wooded areas, and the road to Trinity was mountainous and clayey; the path to Kalyazin was recognized as more convenient, because it ran (and runs) through sandy and treeless terrain. In general, the area could not boast of the convenience of communications; in spring and autumn, strong mud was encountered with a lack of pavements.
Part of its parish was adjacent to the very border of the Kalyazinsky district of the Tver province, bordered on the lands of the villages: Svyatova at 5 km, Solbinskaya Nikolaevskaya desert at 13 km, Zagorye at 9 km, Daratnikov at 15 km, Elpatyeva at 6 km, (Kalyazinsky district) at 9 km, Voskresensky-Khmelnikov at 5 and Andrianov at 5.
The Nagorsk parish, in addition to the village itself, consisted of 15 villages (government departments: Foninskoye, villages of peasants of owners and obligated, Mikhaltsevo,, and); in 1880 in all there were up to 1435 male souls) peasants, owners, temporarily liable and state-owned with a population of 1820 male souls. The main occupation of all of them was agriculture, and in winter the peasants, who were landlords, were engaged in the weaving of paper products in 14 svetelki, and the state coopers. The people were not prosperous, there were few literate people, there was one public school, but even that one was private.
In the Upland itself in 1880 there were 114 peasant households, 11 landowners and clergy, 13 petty bourgeois, 1 church and 1 soldier, in total 140 households; residents from peasants - 325 male souls, spiritual in three clergy - 26 souls, nobles, merchants, townspeople and other temporary residents up to 35 souls, a total of 385 souls. In 1885, a strong fire destroyed almost all wooden buildings, including the manor, but already in 1887 it was rebuilt.
Upland has long been a trading village. At least 48 km away from all neighboring cities, it became a significant trading point. The trading area, which occupies a significant space in the center of the village, belonged to local landowners and other owners. In 1880, there were 60 trading shops on the square, 17 of them were made of stone, belonging to the local church; moreover, two lines of tented shop premises; the shops were all covered with hemp. Trade was carried out in red goods, leather, iron and flour, meat, sheepskins, horses, wooden and earthenware and other rural products; there were also four shops with colonial goods. There were four annual fairs: Petrovskaya, Ilyinskaya, Preobrazhenskaya and Pokrovskaya, and weekly bazaars were held on Tuesdays, starting from Pokrov Day to Peter's Day (from October 1 to June 29). During the summer, the weekly bazaars stopped. Trade was carried on for the most part by third-party merchants; local residents on trading days were engaged only in the sale of food supplies. There were 3 tavern establishments, 2 taverns, 2 inns, 1 wine warehouse and 1 oil mill.
The whole land belongs to four rural communities in the village of Nagorya with 7 villages (Torchinovo, Ananyino, Myasoedovo, Rodionovo, Ogoreltsy, Kamyshevo and Ovchinino, all the parishes of the village of Nagorya; in the entire Nagorsky society, according to family lists in 1880, there were 697 male and 705 female souls) it was considered up to 2611 hectares, of which 888 hectares were arable. Land near the village of Nagorye, owned by local landlords and other owners, about 1792 hectares and 153 hectares of church land. Including arable 109 hectares of church and up to 76.5 hectares of landowners and other owners. The rest of the land of the peasants and the church consisted of hay and pasture, and the private owners partly in the hayfield wasteland, rented out to their own and others, partly in small forest and wasteland, the amount of which was difficult to determine in detail. Peasants usually mowed 4 carts per head or up to 100 pounds per plot; everyone had up to 1048 wagons, landowners up to 60, spiritual ones up to 70, in total up to 1178 wagons. The land was divided among the peasants by "Osmaks"; osmak included 4 revision souls.
The soil of the earth is sandy, or it is more correct to call sandy loam with clay subsoil. Such a ridge of land occupies the space of the entire Nagorsky touchstone. In the vicinity of the land of the same property. In terms of quality, the land is quite fertile, however, it requires constant fertilization, suitable for sowing all kinds of bread, but it was sown with more ordinary bread: rye, oats and under flax, more from spring crops to help rye. The peasants of the four societies had different seating; In a round number, it came out in the sowing of rye at 6.5 measures per "soul", which amounted to 44.5 thousand liters, among churchmen up to 10.5 thousand liters, and among landowners up to 4.2 thousand liters. When sowing, rye was sown on a tithe of 1.5 quarters (a quarter - 210 l), 2 quarters of zhitar, and 3 quarters of oats. The usual harvest of all loaves was 3.5, a pood of flaxseed gave flax in the sowing, depending on the yield, 1-3 poods. Hayfields were mostly forest and dry. Two owners in a five-field farm introduced grass-sowing. Empty places on the lands of the landowners remained uncultivated partly due to inconvenience, partly due to remoteness from the villages, and partly due to the lack of entrepreneurial spirit among the peasants. In 1900, the peasants of the seven volosts that made up the Nagoryevsk region in the middle of the 20th century had 215 wooden plows, 275 harrows with wooden teeth, more advanced equipment - 6 horse threshers, 7 and 8 mowers were owned by wealthy peasants and landowners.
The peasants did not have a surplus of food, and therefore nothing went on sale. All sorts of bread, potatoes, cabbages, cucumbers and other garden vegetables were sown in the amount necessary for each householder for his home. The peasants kept only the necessary livestock: horses, cows and sheep. For tax, or 2 souls, a good owner kept 1 horse, 1 cow, 2 sheep, if he hired a hayfield somewhere on the side, and a bad or impoverished owner did not even have that. The peasants ate very little food. Usually: baked bread made from rye flour and, as a delicacy, unleavened bread with an admixture of barley flour; radish, onion without oil. At dinner, gray sour cabbage soup. The peasants considered turnips and cucumbers to be delicacy; potatoes were consumed as a rarity. Meat and fish were available only on temple holidays.
There was very little arable land for sale; there were two cases of selling one of the same quality, but at very different prices. One lady sold a tithe for 55 rubles, and the other for 100 rubles, since a definite price for 1880 had not yet been established. Hay land in the wastelands could be bought much cheaper, at 10-20 rubles per tithe. The forest in the vicinity grew more spruce, in the wastelands, especially the landlords, there were pines, but for the most part small and unsuitable for buildings. Firewood for heating was purchased in the neighboring dachas of Bakhmurov and Golovinskaya. There was enough stone in the whole neighborhood, he met in the fields, in places he was collected from the fields in heaps; places where he would lie in special deposits, or quarries, were not known.
There is no fishing in the village. Fresh fish was delivered to the Nagorsky market partly from Pereslavl and the village of Usolye (Kupansky), partly from the surrounding villages. The peasants fished along two tributaries that form the Nerl, the Nerl itself, flowing from the east side, and Kubri, flowing from the south.
In the southern side of the village flows a tributary of the Nerl River - a stream of fresh spring water, called the Melenkoya River and forming, at the beginning of its course, through an artificial dam, Nikolsky Pond, the water of which was considered "very suitable for residents." In the village itself there are also small ponds, but the water in them is stagnant and therefore unfit for human consumption. For daily consumption, water was obtained from wells.
In 1869, a four-year zemstvo folk school was opened in Nagorye. It was placed behind the church fence, in a building belonging to the church with 3 classrooms. In 1893, 105 people studied in it, and in 1912 - 78, of which only 6 boys and 2 girls graduated, as parents were forced to take their children from school and force them to work on the farm or nurse the kids. In 1915 the school had 3 teachers.
In 1897 there were 635 people in the Uplands.
Soviet power in the village was established almost peacefully: only on November 21, 1917, the local priest N. A. Bogoyavlensky, during the vigil, called to defend the Provisional Government and not to believe the Bolsheviks, but the people of Nagorye tied up those who supported him and sent them to Pereslavl.
In 1927, there were more than 200 residential one-story log buildings in the Uplands, each housing about 5.5 people. About 90% of the houses were four-walled, about 80% consisted of one room and a kitchen, about 40% of the houses were dilapidated. There was an average of 3.5 m² of living space per person. Many had earthen mounds, plinths were rare. Caulking of houses was made mainly with moss, less often with tow; Few houses were sheathed with hemp, there were almost no painted ones, only 20% of the houses were covered with wallpaper (mostly partially) inside. Most of the houses were covered with straw for the winter, but the floor and corners still froze. Each hut had a Russian oven, and some also had a Dutch oven; permanent stoves generally did not provide enough heat in winter, and many folded temporary stoves for the winter. Most had an unpaved covered yard and a canopy, some had barns or barns, and a few had cellars. The majority did not have special premises for crafts, beds, toilets, dustbins. The huts were dirty and full of insects. There were no baths in the village (except for the hospital one), people washed themselves in a Russian stove. 50% of the houses had front gardens, planted more with mountain ash and birch. Most had vegetable gardens, some had orchards, etc. The main occupation of the population was still agriculture, about 15-20% were engaged in subsidiary crafts.
In 1929, during the administrative-territorial reform, the village became the center of the Nagorevsky district, which united 8 former volosts of the Pereslavsky district. The uplands grew. The peasant and artisan population was replenished with employees and intelligentsia. In 1929, the "Association" collective farm was established in Nagorye (since 1965 - "Nagorye"). In the summer of 1931, the Nagoryevskaya Machine and Tractor Station (MTS) was formed, at the time of its creation, its fleet consisted of 19 low-power Fordson tractors and 5 STZ tractors. The creation of the MTS played an important role in the development of flax growing in the region at that time. In 1932, the MTS serviced 80 collective farms under contracts with 11,533 hectares of arable land, that is, 37% of the entire arable land of the Nagoryevsk region, and 2938 hectares of flax sowing, which accounted for 49% of the region's flax crops. At the end of 1932, MTS already had 24 tractors, with a total capacity of 265 hp. With. , a motor vehicle of 2.5 tons and 79 flax pullers. During the year, MTS plowed 1913 hectares, the mechanization of work reached 37%.
Administrative building
In 1931, a two-story building of the district executive committee, an outpatient clinic, a canteen of the district consumer union, an elevator, a room for the State Bank branch, and a house for the Zagotlyon office were built in Nagorye. The following year, a club, six communal houses on Pervomaiskaya Street, a prosecutor's office, and a bathhouse were built. In 1933, a new savings bank house was built, the Nagoryevskaya school of collective farm youth was repaired, the second floor was built over the post office building, and the construction of the MTS buildings began. In the same years, a telegraph and radio center were created. In the last pre-war years, new buildings of the district committee of the party, the district executive committee, the Zagotzerno base, houses of culture, a tea-dining room and other departmental and public buildings were built. In June 1932, the Nagorievsky flax mill was put into operation. During the years of the first five-year plans, a food processing plant appeared in Nagorye.
Since 1931, the district newspaper Pobeda has been published in Nagorye. The Pioneer Detachment in Nagorye was one of the first to appear in the Pereslavl district. The Nagoryevsk school became a seven-year school. She was given the best house in the village, which belonged to the landowners Spiridov, the old school building became the dining room of the boarding school. In 1937 the school was transformed into a secondary school. In 1933, there was a cinema with 300 seats and a hospital with 30 beds in Upland. There was a telephone connection with a capacity of 74 points, a receiving radio station. In 1929, the first telephone set in the region appeared in Upland. In the autumn of 1930, the church was devastated, the ashes of Admiral Spiridov were desecrated (returned to their original place in 1944). Since that time, the state farm warehouse has been in its building.
Since the mid-1950s, sausage production and a non-alcoholic beverages workshop have been operating at the food processing plant. The plant supplied up to 100 tons of starch for industry annually. In the autumn of 1956, the construction of a typical machine and tractor workshop was completed, equipped with new machines and cranes. It had steam heating, blacksmith and welding shops and other production and utility rooms. Also this year, the construction of a brick bathhouse, a sewing workshop, an office and a residential building of the forestry enterprise was completed, a hotel and a Selkhozsnaba store were opened. In 1957, the MTS had 122 powerful Soviet tractors, 34 S-4 self-propelled combines, 8 corn harvesters, 5 flax harvesters, earth-moving machines and dozens of other agricultural machines. Of these, 72 tractors of various brands, 28 combines, 10 threshers "" and many other equipment were sent already in the 1950s.
In 1957, two schools operated in the Uplands - an elementary and a secondary one, and a counseling center for a correspondence high school.
In 1954, he appeared in the Nagoryevsk district hospital, working from his own electric generator. In 1956, an ambulance was equipped and received.
In 1950-1957, the housing and communal fund was increased by almost a thousand square meters.
At the House of Culture, an amateur art group was created, in the circles of which more than thirty employees of the district committee of the Komsomol, the state bank, the district consumer union, the post office, the hospital and other organizations, and students participated. In 1957, 840 readers visited the district library. Younger schoolchildren could spend their cultural leisure time in the children's library and the home of pioneers.
In 1959, there were attempts to establish air communication with Yaroslavl.
In 1963, the Nagorevsky district was abolished, and its territory became part of the Pereslavsky district.
Kindergarten "Sun"
In 1969, the school, whose new building was built in the early 1960s, was attended by 560 residents of the Uplands and surrounding villages. There was a large sports hall, well-equipped classrooms for physics, chemistry, biology, mechanical engineering, training workshops, a library, a kitchen and a dining room. Numerous circles, electives, sports sections worked. More than a hundred schoolchildren lived in a boarding school, a two-story building located on a rural square. Cheap three meals a day were organized for them. There were 28 teachers, of which 25 had completed higher education. Among other things, they studied mechanical engineering, driving a tractor. Graduates received not only certificates of secondary education, but also the rights of rural machine operators. So, in 1981, the school had its own caterpillar and wheeled tractors and a grain harvester.
The population continued to grow, including due to immigrants from small "unpromising villages". In the 1970s, due to individual and departmental construction, the streets Pervomaiskaya, Pereslavskaya, Kalyazinskaya, Novaya were lengthened; The village of Selkhoztehniki grew especially, the apartments in which were already equipped with running water, sewerage, and baths. The water supply was also carried out to the hospital, children's plant, catering establishments and the like; most of the residents used standpipes. There were several small boiler houses (at agricultural machinery, a hospital, a poultry farm, in a club, in a retail trade enterprise, two at a school) - on coal, liquid fuel, peat.
In 1975, a workshop (dairy receiving point) of the Pereslavl cheese and butter factory worked in Nagorye. In 1981, the state farm "Nagorye" (grain, meat, milk, wool, flax), an inter-farm poultry farm (built in 1961), a cheese factory, a flax factory (fiber from trust), a confectionery shop, agricultural machinery, agricultural chemistry, a convoy, etc. .. In the early 1980s, despite the "selfless work of advanced workers", "the introduction of the brigade method of organizing labor", "the consistent increase in production efficiency", the plan for many important types of products often remained unfulfilled. The poor organization of labor, its weak coordination between organizations was noticeable. There was a shortage of personnel, their aging, the outflow of young people from the village, and the most active and capable, drunkenness; associated with poor working conditions in agriculture (irregular working day and week in summer, vacations at inconvenient times) and cultural and living conditions (for example, problems with obtaining gas cylinders; cold club, dancing several times a year “on great holidays”, the lack of evenings of rest, the decline of local sports - "the stadium, which was once resounding with the cries of the fans, turned into a wasteland).
Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior
On August 2, 1992, the first service was held in the premises of the newly opened church - for the founder of the temple, Admiral Spiridov. The church was finally restored only by the beginning of the 2010s.
Population [ | ]
Structure [ | ]
General plan
At the very top of the hill, in the center of the Highlands, is the village square. It houses the current Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, a club with a library named after N. A. Brykin, Leninsky Garden with a monument to Lenin, a monument to “Fellow fellow countrymen who fell in battles for the freedom and independence of the Motherland” (installed on Victory Day 1960), a bus station, most shops, on Saturdays there is a market. Behind the club is the Rural Pond with a fire station.
The village administration, a bank, a kindergarten, a pharmacy, a post office, a sports field, and a bathhouse are located on Admiral Spiridov Street, which runs from the square towards Moscow. The street ends at the Nikolsky pond, on the opposite bank of which there is a rural cemetery.
Streets of the village: Admiral Spiridov, Civil, Zaprudnaya, Kalyazinskaya, Cooperative, Youth, New, Oktyabrskaya, Pervomaiskaya, Pereslavskaya, Pionerskaya, Field, Garden, Soviet, School; Kolkhozny Lane.
The residential area, formed over many stages of the development of the village, has the character of fairly large and clear-cut groups of blocks, mainly with low-rise individual wooden buildings. A relatively new residential development, consisting of two-story brick houses, has been formed in the southwestern and central parts of the village. Zones of one-story manor buildings of different periods of formation, as a rule, have a relatively high level of engineering support and landscaping.
The main industrial sites are located in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the village of Nagorye, while their sanitary protection zones affect residential areas.
A village adjoins the village from the northeast.
Transport [ | ]
The main streets of the village depart from the square, turning into roads: paved to the south to the nearest villages and Andrianovo and further to Sergiev Posad ( P104) and Moscow ( M8"Kholmogory"), to the east to the villages of Svyatovo and further to Pereslavl-Zalessky and Yaroslavl, to the north to Uglich () and country roads to the west to the Nerl River.
There is a regular bus service to the east and south directions. Northern bus service has been interrupted since January 2013.
Notable natives[ | ]
Notes [ | ]
- (indefinite) . Retrieved April 28, 2016. Archived from the original on April 28, 2016.
- Guide to the Highlands (Russian) (unavailable link). - hram-nagorje.ru. Retrieved December 27, 2010. Archived from the original on March 16, 2012.
- Razumovskaya G. From the history of the village of Nagorye // Pereslavl Springs. - 1996. - No. 11. - S. 4.
Nagorye - a village in the Pereslavl district of the Yaroslavl region, the center of the Nagorevsky rural settlement. The population as of January 1, 2007 is 1795 people.
Name
The village of Nagorye in the old days had several names: Poreevo (Pareevo (until the 17th century), Nikolskoye, then Preobrazhenskoye (according to local churches), and, finally, Nagorye, that is, located on the mountain - a popular name, the only one that has survived to this day. Its The village has its modern name since 1770. This name appears in the documents of Catherine II.
Geography
The upland is located near the border of the Pereslavl region with the Tver region. It is located 47 km west of the regional city of Pereslavl-Zalessky and 187 km from the regional city of Yaroslavl. The nearest railway stations are: Kalyazin 48 km (in the Tver region) and Berendeevo 62 km (in the Pereslavl region). The village is called Upland by its location, as it stands on a hill and can be seen from afar from all sides; in all directions from the village - a gentle slope. Around the village is quite flat and occupied by fields and smaller villages and villages, the area is limited by coniferous forest. In the lowlands there are moss swamps with a small pine forest, on the hillocks - spruce groves. The soil is sandy and infertile. Southwest winds prevail in the village. The norm of precipitation per year is about 500 mm. Winter in the Highlands is quite severe, autumn and spring are wet, while June and July are usually dry and hot. At 5 km from the Nagorye, the Nerl River flows around the Nagorsk area from the eastern, southern and western sides, flowing from Lake Somino and flowing into the Volga (in fact, it is a continuation of the Veksa River, flowing from Lake Pleshcheyevo). On the southern outskirts of the village, a tributary of the Nerl flows - a stream called the Melenka River and forming, at the beginning of its course, through an artificial dam, the Nikolsky Pond, named after the St. Nicholas Church located here earlier. In the village itself there is also the central Selsky (Bazarsky), Selkhoztehniki and other smaller ponds.
The first mention of the Poreevo village dates back to the 14th century. But it already existed during the time of the Pereslavl principality, served as its stronghold in the west and stood at the crossroads of trade routes between Moscow, Uglich and Ksnyatin, on the very border of the Pereslavl, Tver and Uglich principalities. For travel and transportation of goods here they took zamyt (trade duty), therefore the whole neighborhood was called "Zamytye", and its owners received the surname Zamytsky. The village of Poreevo in 1571 was given by Davyd and Ivan Zamytsky to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. According to the scribe book of 1593, the village of Poreevo included several plots, wasteland, 30 quarters of arable land in the field, 50 hay hay, 4 tithes of forest, a monastery yard, a cow yard, 7 peasant yards. In 1593, the head of Afanasy Alyabyev took this estate, making a contribution of 100 rubles for it. Since 1614, Poreevo again belonged to the monastery. In 1624, the village was assigned to the sovereign's palace villages to the palace, but was soon returned to Mikhail Mikhailov ...
